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| empirical questions about human behavior: Studying Human Behavior Helen E. Longino, 2013-01-18 In this volume, Longino enters into the complexities of human behavioural research, a domain still dominated by the age-old debate of 'nature versus nurture'. Longino focuses on how scientists study it, specifically sexual behaviour and aggression, and asks what can be known about human behaviour through empirical investigation. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Science And Human Behavior B.F Skinner, 2012-12-18 The psychology classic—a detailed study of scientific theories of human nature and the possible ways in which human behavior can be predicted and controlled—from one of the most influential behaviorists of the twentieth century and the author of Walden Two. “This is an important book, exceptionally well written, and logically consistent with the basic premise of the unitary nature of science. Many students of society and culture would take violent issue with most of the things that Skinner has to say, but even those who disagree most will find this a stimulating book.” —Samuel M. Strong, The American Journal of Sociology “This is a remarkable book—remarkable in that it presents a strong, consistent, and all but exhaustive case for a natural science of human behavior…It ought to be…valuable for those whose preferences lie with, as well as those whose preferences stand against, a behavioristic approach to human activity.” —Harry Prosch, Ethics |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Evidence-based Practices in Mental Health John C. Norcross, Larry E. Beutler, Ronald F. Levant, 2006 Mental health professionals comprise a nation of differences. Those differences do not necessarily make us weak; differences can serve as sources of creativity, strength, and progress if constructively harnessed. In this volume, we have tried to constructively harness the active interplay of these various tenaciously held views, to find the harmony among these diverse voices on EBPs in mental health. In terms of process, informed dialogue and respectful debate are surely the ways to progress. In terms of outcome, we should remember that the overarching goal of EBPs, however defined and disseminated, is to enhance the effectiveness of patient services and to improve public health--Book. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved) |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Environmental Design and Human Behavior Leonard Krasner, 2013-10-22 Environmental Design and Human Behavior: A Psychology of the Individual in Society outlines the fundamental principles that govern the concept of environmental design in the context of human behavior. The first part of the text deals with theorecal and historical influences of environmental design, along with the ethical and value context. The selection also covers methods for assessments of environment and interactionists approach to environmental design. The next part details the application of environmental design; this part tackles topics such as environmental design in the classroom; designing an ideal classroom; and implementation process and personal experience. The book will be of great use to behavioral scientists, sociologists, community health and social workers, and professionals involved in the designing of environment, such as city planners. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Essentials of Human Behavior Elizabeth D. Hutchison, Leanne Wood Charlesworth, 2020-12-17 Essentials of Human Behavior combines Elizabeth D. Hutchison’s two best-selling Dimensions of Human Behavior volumes into a single streamlined volume for understanding human behavior. The text presents a multidimensional framework integrating person, environment, and time to show students the dynamic, changing nature of person-in-environment. In this Third Edition, Hutchison is joined by new co-author Leanne Wood Charlesworth, who uses her practice and teaching experience to help organize the book’s cutting-edge research and bring it into the classroom. The text will thoroughly support students′ understanding of human behavior theories and research and their applications to social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation across all levels of practice. This title is accompanied by a complete teaching and learning package. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Behavioral and Social Sciences National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Basic Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 1988-02-01 This volume explores the scientific frontiers and leading edges of research across the fields of anthropology, economics, political science, psychology, sociology, history, business, education, geography, law, and psychiatry, as well as the newer, more specialized areas of artificial intelligence, child development, cognitive science, communications, demography, linguistics, and management and decision science. It includes recommendations concerning new resources, facilities, and programs that may be needed over the next several years to ensure rapid progress and provide a high level of returns to basic research. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: What is Life? Josef Seifert, 2021-11-15 This book makes four bold claims: 1) life is an ultimate datum, open to philosophical analysis and irreducible to physical reality; hence all materialist-reductionist explanations - most current theories - of life are false. 2) All life presupposes soul (entelechy) without which a being would at best fake life. 3) The concept of life is analogous and the most direct access to life in its irreducibility is gained through consciousness; 4) All life possesses an objective and intrinsic value that needs to be respected, human life possesses beyond this an inviolable dignity. Life and personal life are pure perfections, it being absolutely better to possess (personal) life than not to possess it. Chapter 1: the metaphysical essence and the many meanings of 'life,' as well as its 'transcendental' character. Chapter 2: the irreducibility of biological life, its amazing empirical and philosophically intelligible essential features, and the ways of knowing them. Chapter 3: the immediate evidence and indubitable givenness of mental, conscious life as well as questions of (brain-) death and immortality. Chapter 4: the inviolable objective dignity of personal life and its self-transcendence; a new theory of the fourfold source of human dignity and rights. Chapter 5 (in dialogue-form): methods and results of philosophy versus those of empirical life-sciences. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: 21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook Stephen F. Davis, William Buskist, 2007-12-17 Via 100 entries, 21st Century Psychology: A Reference Handbook highlights the most important topics, issues, questions, and debates any student obtaining a degree in the field of psychology ought to have mastered for effectiveness in the 21st century. This two-volume reference resource, available both in print and online, provides an authoritative source to serve students′ research needs with more detailed information than encyclopedia entries but without the jargon, detail, or density found in a typical journal article or a research handbook chapter. Students will find chapters contained within these volumes useful as aids toward starting research for papers, presentations, or a senior thesis, assisting in deciding on areas for elective coursework or directions for graduate studies, or orienting themselves toward potential career directions in psychology. The cadre of contributing authors consists of established experts within the field of psychology, including several former presidents of the American Psychological Association who are in tune with current and likely future directions of this amazingly broad and diverse field. The 100+ chapters provide material of interest for students from all corners of psychological studies, whether their interests be in the biological, cognitive, developmental, social, or clinical arenas. Coverage includes cutting-edge topics, such as human performance in extreme environments. Chapters are brief, reader-friendly, and presented at an appropriate level for undergraduate students, with references to guide them to key further readings. Key Features Provides students with initial footholds on topics of interest in researching for term papers, in preparing for GREs, and in consulting to determine directions to take in pursuing a senior thesis, a graduate degree, a career, etc. Offers full coverage of major subthemes and subfields within the field of psychology, including social, developmental, cognitive, biological, clinical, and methodology Provides uniform in chapter structure to make it easy for students to locate key information, with a common format of Introduction, Theory, Methods, Applications, Comparisons, Future Directions, Summary, References & Further Readings, and Cross-References |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Human Behavior Theory for Social Work Practice Terry Koenig, Rick Spano, John Thompson, 2019-03-06 Human Behavior Theory for Social Work Practice provides an in-depth examination of human behavior theories and helps students apply each theory to social work practice. Authors Terry Koenig, Rick Spano, and John Thompson cover a broad spectrum of theories—including ecological, psychological, and sociopolitical—before applying them to a wide range of case examples that represent different stages across the human lifespan. Drawing from their extensive knowledge and experience in social work practice and teaching, the authors also feature scholarly research and writing to support the understanding of the theoretical overview in each chapter. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology Scott O. Lilienfeld, Steven Jay Lynn, John Ruscio, Barry L. Beyerstein, 2011-09-15 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology uses popular myths as a vehicle for helping students and laypersons to distinguish science from pseudoscience. Uses common myths as a vehicle for exploring how to distinguish factual from fictional claims in popular psychology Explores topics that readers will relate to, but often misunderstand, such as 'opposites attract', 'people use only 10% of their brains', and 'handwriting reveals your personality' Provides a 'mythbusting kit' for evaluating folk psychology claims in everyday life Teaches essential critical thinking skills through detailed discussions of each myth Includes over 200 additional psychological myths for readers to explore Contains an Appendix of useful Web Sites for examining psychological myths Features a postscript of remarkable psychological findings that sound like myths but that are true Engaging and accessible writing style that appeals to students and lay readers alike |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Analyzing Qualitative Data H. Russell Bernard, Amber Wutich, Gery W. Ryan, 2016-06-23 The fully updated Second Edition of Analyzing Qualitative Data: Systematic Approaches by H. Russell Bernard, Amber Wutich, and Gery W. Ryan presents systematic methods for analyzing qualitative data with clear and easy-to-understand steps. The first half is an overview of the basics, from choosing a topic to collecting data, and coding to finding themes, while the second half covers different methods of analysis, including grounded theory, content analysis, analytic induction, semantic network analysis, ethnographic decision modeling, and more. Real examples drawn from social science and health literature along with carefully crafted, hands-on exercises at the end of each chapter allow readers to master key techniques and apply them to their own disciplines. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Human Behavior and the Social Environment, Macro Level Katherine van Wormer, Fred H. Besthorn, 2010-10-11 A timely revision in this global age, Human Behavior and the Social Environment, Macro Level develops a sophisticated and original view of the cultural, global, spiritual, and natural worlds that people inhabit, and the impact of these worlds on human behavior. Its major new theme, sustainability, emerges as a key characteristic of contemporary practice. What is sustainable social work? What are the characteristics of a sustainable community? How is the present exploitation of environmental resources unsustainable for future generations? Following the greatest economic upheaval since the Great Depression, how can we envision a sustainable economy that will benefit all the people, not only the wealthy few? Human behavior results from biological, psychological, socio-economic, and cultural forces, but the mental health field has placed the most emphasis on intrapsychic factors to the near exclusion of socio-economic and cultural considerations. This significant collaboration seeks to correct this omission by helping students recognize patterns in the family, culture, and value systems in order to create safe and sustainable environments for their future clients. The emphasis on sustainable and unsustainable social welfare programs is geared to helping readers engage in advocacy for social justice. * Integrates up-to-date research findings, models, and government statistics * Enhanced discussions of theory, group dynamics, family, community, and the environment * Theoretical concepts and practice implications in each chapter * Highlights the importance of the natural environment and ecology--the community of the earth--to human and group behavior * Sets forth a refined understanding of the role of spirituality--the community of faith--in people's lives * Focuses on evidence-based theory and research * Teaches from a global, cross-cultural, perspective, highlighting themes of empowerment and social justice * Features dynamic readings, personal narratives, and photographs that highlight each chapter's topic * Accompanied by an online instructor's manual with lecture presentations, chapter summaries, key terms, suggested classroom activities, and a test bank with essay and multiple choice questions at www.oup.com/us/HBSE/ Don't miss the companion volume, Human Behavior and the Social Environment, Micro Level, Second Edition, which offers an eye-opening view of how biological, psychological, and cultural forces influence individuals' behavior. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Psychology of Gender Alice H. Eagly, Anne E. Beall, Robert J. Sternberg, 2005-08-19 To what extent does gender influence our behavior, thoughts, and feelings? How do nature and nurture interact to shape our identities as female or male? And what are the effects of gender on the ways we are perceived and treated by others? The second edition of this important text and reference confronts the central questions pertaining to gender differences and similarities across the lifespan. Rather than focusing on a particular viewpoint, the volume is carefully designed to foster comparison among different lines of psychological research and provide a broad survey of cutting-edge work in the field. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The WEIRDest People in the World Joseph Henrich, 2020-09-08 A New York Times Notable Book of 2020 A Bloomberg Best Non-Fiction Book of 2020 A Behavioral Scientist Notable Book of 2020 A Human Behavior & Evolution Society Must-Read Popular Evolution Book of 2020 A bold, epic account of how the co-evolution of psychology and culture created the peculiar Western mind that has profoundly shaped the modern world. Perhaps you are WEIRD: raised in a society that is Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic. If so, you’re rather psychologically peculiar. Unlike much of the world today, and most people who have ever lived, WEIRD people are highly individualistic, self-obsessed, control-oriented, nonconformist, and analytical. They focus on themselves—their attributes, accomplishments, and aspirations—over their relationships and social roles. How did WEIRD populations become so psychologically distinct? What role did these psychological differences play in the industrial revolution and the global expansion of Europe during the last few centuries? In The WEIRDest People in the World, Joseph Henrich draws on cutting-edge research in anthropology, psychology, economics, and evolutionary biology to explore these questions and more. He illuminates the origins and evolution of family structures, marriage, and religion, and the profound impact these cultural transformations had on human psychology. Mapping these shifts through ancient history and late antiquity, Henrich reveals that the most fundamental institutions of kinship and marriage changed dramatically under pressure from the Roman Catholic Church. It was these changes that gave rise to the WEIRD psychology that would coevolve with impersonal markets, occupational specialization, and free competition—laying the foundation for the modern world. Provocative and engaging in both its broad scope and its surprising details, The WEIRDest People in the World explores how culture, institutions, and psychology shape one another, and explains what this means for both our most personal sense of who we are as individuals and also the large-scale social, political, and economic forces that drive human history. Includes black-and-white illustrations. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Marvelous Learning Animal Arthur W. Staats, 2012-06-12 What makes us human? In recent decades, researchers have focused on innate tendencies and inherited traits as explanations for human behavior, especially in light of groundbreaking human genome research. The author thinks this trend is misleading. As he shows in great detail in this engaging, thought-provoking, and highly informative book, what makes our species unique is our marvelous ability to learn, which is an ability that no other primate possesses. In his exploration of human progress, the author reveals that the immensity of human learning has not been fully understood or examined. Evolution has endowed us with extremely versatile bodies and a brain comprised of one hundred billion neurons, which makes us especially suited for a wide range of sophisticated learning. Already in childhood, human beings begin learning complex repertoires—language, sports, value systems, music, science, rules of behavior, and many other aspects of culture. These repertoires build on one another in special ways, and our brains develop in response to the learning experiences we receive from those around us and from what we read and hear and see. When humans gather in society, the cumulative effect of building learning upon learning is enormous. The author presents a new way of understanding humanness—in the behavioral nature of the human body, in the unique human way of learning, in child development, in personality, and in abnormal behavior. With all this, and his years of basic and applied research, he develops a new theory of human evolution and a new vision of the human being. This book offers up a unified concept that not only provides new ways of understanding human behavior and solving human problems but also lays the foundations for opening new areas of science. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Handbook on Crime and Deviance Marvin D. Krohn, Nicole Hendrix, Gina Penly Hall, Alan J. Lizotte, 2019-08-28 This 2nd edition of the Handbook provides an interdisciplinary coverage of new understandings of the most important developments in the sociology of crime and deviance that is current and emerging for research, methodology, practice, and theory in criminology. It fosters research to take the fields of criminology and criminal justice in new directions. Unlike any other handbook, it includes chapters on cutting-edge quantitative data and analytical techniques that are shaping the future of empirical research and expanding theoretical explanations of crime and deviance. It further devotes a section to the most current and innovative methodological issues. Chapters are updated providing an inclusive discussion of the current research and the theoretical and empirical future of crime and deviance. This handbook is of great interest for advanced undergraduates, graduates students, researchers and scholars in criminology, criminal justice, sociology and related fields, such as social welfare, economics, and psychology. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Handbook of Behavioral and Cognitive Geography Daniel R. Montello, 2018-04-27 This comprehensive Handbook summarizes existing work and presents new concepts and empirical results from leading scholars in the multidisciplinary field of behavioral and cognitive geography, the study of the human mind, and activity in and concerning space, place, and environment. It provides the broadest and most inclusive coverage of the field so far, including work relevant to human geography, cartography, and geographic information science. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Facts, Frameworks, and Forecasts Joan McCord, 2011-08-01 Facts, Frameworks, and Forecasts calls for rethinking the development of criminological theory. In her introduction, Joan McCord argues that the field is ready for new approaches and that its progress depends on a sound factual base. Examining the discipline's research design, methodology, and quantitative analysis efforts, the contributors identify significant advances in criminological theory. This empirical orientation results in a balanced blend of information and speculation. This book contains a comprehensive review. The first chapter describes biological conditions that have theoretical links with criminal behaviorâending with a discussion of how biological and social conditions may interact to influence criminal behavior. Early chapters discuss general issues related to crime. These are followed by expositions of theoretical orientations not typically found in criminological literature. The second half of the book describes seven longitudinal studies in four countries. The authors interpret their data to expose biological, social, and psychological factors they believe may influence criminal behavior. These contributors include: Guenther Knoblich and Roy King, Daniel Glaser, Robert A. Rosellini and Robin L. Lashley, Robert J. Sampson, Ellen S. Cohn and Susan O. White, Joan McCord, L. Rowell Huesmann and Leonard D. Eron, Robert Cairns and Beverly Cairns, Richard E. Tremblay, Patricia Cohen and Judith S. Brook, David P. Farrington and David Magnussen, Britt af Klinteberg, and Hakan Stattin. Facts, Frameworks, and Forecasts addresses the observation of noted criminologist Marvin Wolfgang that criminological theory had stagnated. This groundbreaking work, available in paperback for the first time, is as relevant now as when first published. It should be read by all concerned with data-related approaches to criminology. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Essays in Philosophy , 1975 |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Free Press Vs. Fair Trials Jon Bruschke, William Earl Loges, 2003-12-08 Current research on media and the law has generally been atheoretical and contradictory. This volume explains why pretrial publicity is unlikely to affect the outcome of most jury trials, despite many experimental studies claiming to show the influence of publicity. It reviews existing literature on the topic and includes results from the authors' own research in an effort to answer four questions: *Does pretrial publicity bias the outcome of trials? *If it has an effect, under what conditions does this effect emerge? *What remedies should courts apply in situations where pretrial publicity may have an effect? *How does pretrial publicity relate to broader questions of justice? Reporting research based on actual trial outcomes rather than on artificial laboratory studies, Free Press vs. Fair Trials examines publicity in the context of the whole judicial system and media system. After a thorough review of research into pretrial publicity, the authors argue that the criminal justice system's remedies are likely to be effective in most cases and that there are much larger obstacles confronting defendants than publicity. This book presents the first extensive study of the influence of pretrial publicity on actual criminal trials, with results that challenge years of experimental research and call for more sophisticated study of the intersection of media and criminal justice. It is required reading for scholars in media law, media effects, legal communication, criminal justice, and related areas. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Adaptation and Human Behavior Napoleon Chagnon, 2017-09-08 This volume presents state-of-the-art empirical studies working in a paradigm that has become known as human behavioral ecology. The emergence of this approach in anthropology was marked by publication by Aldine in 1979 of an earlier collection of studies edited by Chagnon and Irons entitled Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective. During the two decades that have passed since then, this innovative approach has matured and expanded into new areas that are explored here. The book opens with an introductory chapter by Chagnon and Irons tracing the origins of human behavioral ecology and its subsequent development. Subsequent chapters, written by both younger scholars and established researchers, cover a wide range of societies and topics organ-ized into six sections. The first section includes two chapters that provide historical background on the development of human behavioral ecology and com-pare it to two complementary approaches in the study of evolution and human behavior, evolutionary psychology, and dual inheritance theory. The second section includes five studies of mating efforts in a variety of societies from South America and Africa. The third section covers parenting, with five studies on soci-eties from Africa, Asia, and North America. The fourth section breaks somewhat with the tradition in human behavioral ecology by focusing on one particularly problematic issue, the demographic transition, using data from Europe, North America, and Asia. The fifth section includes studies of cooperation and helping behaviors, using data from societies in Micronesia and South America. The sixth and final section consists of a single chapter that places the volume in a broader critical and comparative context. The contributions to this volume demonstrate, with a high degree of theoretical and methodological sophistication--the maturity and freshness of this new paradigm in the study of human behavior. The volume will be of interest to anthropologists and other professions working on the study of cross-cultural human behavior. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Scientific Attitude Lee McIntyre, 2020-04-07 This “intelligent treatise articulates why the pursuit of scientific truths, even if inevitably flawed . . . matters” in our post-truth world (Publishers Weekly). What separates science from other disciplines? An attitude that respects evidence and is willing to evolve as new evidence arises. Attacks on science have become commonplace. Claims that climate change isn’t settled science, that evolution is “only a theory,” and that scientists are conspiring to keep the truth about vaccines from the public are staples of some politicians’ rhetorical repertoire. Defenders of science often point to its discoveries (penicillin! relativity!) without explaining exactly why scientific claims are superior. In this book, Lee McIntyre argues that what distinguishes science from its rivals is what he calls “the scientific attitude”—caring about evidence and being willing to change theories on the basis of new evidence. The history of science is littered with theories that were scientific but turned out to be wrong; the scientific attitude reveals why even a failed theory can help us to understand what is special about science. In this book, McIntyre explores: • Historical cases that illustrate both scientific success and failure • The transformation of medicine from a practice based on hunches to a science based on evidence • Scientific fraud and ideology-driven denialists, pseudoscientists, and “skeptics” • How social science should embrace the scientific attitude Ultimately, McIntyre says, the grounding of science in evidence offers a uniquely powerful tool in the defense of science itself. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Principles of Behavioral Analysis Julian C. Leslie, 1996 First Published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Evolution and the Big Questions David N. Stamos, 2011-09-23 Evolution and the Big Questions “David N. Stamos’s Evolution and the Big Questions delivers what its title promises—you get to look at all of the issues, such as race and ethics and religion, that make the study of evolution so interesting, and more than just a science. The book is written in a clear and friendly manner and deserves a very wide readership.” Michael Ruse, Florida State University This provocative text considers whether evolutionary explanations can be used to clarify some of life’s biggest questions. It offers a lively, informative, and timely look at a wide variety of key issues facing all of us today—including questions of race, sex, gender, the nature of language, religion, ethics, knowledge, consciousness, and, ultimately, thc meaning of life. Some of the questions examined are: Did evolution make men and women fundamentally different? Is the concept of race merely a social construction? Is morality, including universal human rights, a mass delusion? Can religion and evolution really be harmonized? Docs evolution render life meaningless? Designed for students and anyone with an interest in the relationship between evolutionary heritage and human nature, the text takes an interdisciplinary approach and offers direction for further reading and research. Each chapter presents a main topic, together with discussion of related ideas and arguments from various perspectives. Along the way, it poses life’s biggest questions, pulling no punches, and presenting a challenge to thinkers on all levels. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Foundations of Behavioral Economic Analysis Sanjit S. Dhami, 2016 It considers the evidence against the exponential discounted utility model and describes several behavioral models such as hyperbolic discounting, attribute based models and the reference time theory. Part IV describes the evidence on classical game theory and considers several models of behavioral game theory, including level-k and cognitive hierarchy models, quantal response equilibrium, and psychological game theory. Part V considers behavioral models of learning that include evolutionary game theory, classical models of learning, experience weighted attraction model, learning direction theory, and stochastic social dynamics. Part VI studies the role of emotions; among other topics it considers projection bias, temptation preferences, happiness economics, and interaction between emotions and cognition. Part VII considers bounded rationality. The three main topics considered are judgment heuristics and biases, mental accounting, and behavioral finance. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Thinking from Things Alison Wylie, 2002-11-13 No other work in this field covers the history of important conceptual issues in archaeology in such a deep and knowledgable way, bringing both philosophical and archeological sophistication to bear on all of the issues treated. Wylie’s work in Thinking from Things is original, scholarly, and creative. This book is for anyone who wants to understand contemporary archaeological theory, how it came to be as it is, its relationship with other disciplines, and its prospects for the future.—Merrilee Salmon, author of Philosophy and Archaeology Wylie is a reasonable and astute thinker who lucidly and persuasively makes genuinely constructive criticisms of archaeological thought and practice and very useful suggestions for how to proceed. She commands both philisophy and archaeology to an unusual degree. Having her articles together in Thinking from Things, with much new material extending and integrating them, is a major contribution that will be widely welcomed among archaeologists—both professionals and students, philosophers and historians of science, and social scientists.—George L. Cowgill, Arizona State University |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Essays in Legal Philosophy Robert S. Summers, 1976-01-01 |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Preparing Teachers National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Center for Education, Committee on the Study of Teacher Preparation Programs in the United States, 2010-06-25 Teachers make a difference. The success of any plan for improving educational outcomes depends on the teachers who carry it out and thus on the abilities of those attracted to the field and their preparation. Yet there are many questions about how teachers are being prepared and how they ought to be prepared. Yet, teacher preparation is often treated as an afterthought in discussions of improving the public education system. Preparing Teachers addresses the issue of teacher preparation with specific attention to reading, mathematics, and science. The book evaluates the characteristics of the candidates who enter teacher preparation programs, the sorts of instruction and experiences teacher candidates receive in preparation programs, and the extent that the required instruction and experiences are consistent with converging scientific evidence. Preparing Teachers also identifies a need for a data collection model to provide valid and reliable information about the content knowledge, pedagogical competence, and effectiveness of graduates from the various kinds of teacher preparation programs. Federal and state policy makers need reliable, outcomes-based information to make sound decisions, and teacher educators need to know how best to contribute to the development of effective teachers. Clearer understanding of the content and character of effective teacher preparation is critical to improving it and to ensuring that the same critiques and questions are not being repeated 10 years from now. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Research in Psychology Kerri A. Goodwin, C. James Goodwin, 2016-12-08 An approachable, coherent, and important text, Research in Psychology: Methods and Design, 8th Edition continues to provide its readers with a clear, concise look at psychological science, experimental methods, and correlational research in this newly updated version. Rounded out with helpful learning aids, step-by-step instructions, and detailed examples of real research studies makes the material easy to read and student-friendly. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Political Classroom Diana E. Hess, Paula McAvoy, 2014-11-13 WINNER 2016 Grawemeyer Award in Education Helping students develop their ability to deliberate political questions is an essential component of democratic education, but introducing political issues into the classroom is pedagogically challenging and raises ethical dilemmas for teachers. Diana E. Hess and Paula McAvoy argue that teachers will make better professional judgments about these issues if they aim toward creating political classrooms, which engage students in deliberations about questions that ask, How should we live together? Based on the findings from a large, mixed-method study about discussions of political issues within high school classrooms, The Political Classroom presents in-depth and engaging cases of teacher practice. Paying particular attention to how political polarization and social inequality affect classroom dynamics, Hess and McAvoy promote a coherent plan for providing students with a nonpartisan political education and for improving the quality of classroom deliberations. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Advanced Methodologies William Grassie, 2010-07-26 During much of twentieth century, social scientists were predicting that religious would gradually diminish and disappear with the spread of science, education movements in many parts of the world, a source of both hope and concern in the twenty-first century. Alongside this trend, the last decade saw a resurgence of interest in the scientific study of religious and spiritual phenomena among researchers in diverse fields. Psychology, sociology ,and anthropology still play central roles in such studies, but these disciplines are now supplemented by economics, epidemiology, evolutionary psychology, cognitive neuroscience, and behavioral genetics, among others. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Essentials of Clinical Social Work Jerrold R. Brandell, 2014-01-07 This brief version of Jerrold R. Brandell’s Theory & Practice of Clinical Social Work assembles coverage of the most vital topics for courses in Clinical Social Work/Advanced Practice. Written by established contributors in the field, this anthology addresses frameworks for treatment, therapeutic modalities, specialized clinical issues and themes, and dilemmas encountered in clinical social work practice. Now available in paperback and roughly half the size of the full-length version, Essentials of Clinical Social Work comes at a reduced cost for students who need to learn the basics of the course. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Psychology: The Science of Person, Mind, and Brain Daniel Cervone, 2015-01-28 In Psychology: The Science of Person, Mind, and Brain, experienced teacher, researcher, and author Daniel Cervone provides students with a new and exciting way of understanding psychology. Cervone organizes material around three levels of analysis -- person, mind, and brain -- and employs a person-first format that consistently introduces topics at the person level: theory and research on the lives of people in sociocultural contexts. Students are able to make sense of the latest research through what they understand best: people. With fellow teacher and researcher Tracy Caldwell, Cervone has conceived a text beyond the print experience from the ground up, integrating online immersive research experiences and assessment tools that capitalize on research findings on pedagogy and student learning (e.g., the testing effect). Pedagogical Author, Tracy L. Caldwell Working closely with Daniel Cervone, fellow teacher and researcher Tracy Caldwell of Dominican University developed the book’s pedagogical program from the Preview Questions at the beginning of each section to the Self-Tests at the end of each chapter. The pedagogy is designed to engage students at multiple levels of Bloom’s taxonomy and at multiple points in each chapter. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Communication Yearbook 5 Michael Burgoon, 1981-12-01 Published under the auspices of the International Communication Association, this volume, the fifth in the Communication Yearbook series, provides an annual overview and synthesis of developments in the science of communication. Disciplinary reviews and commentaries on general topics in all subdivisions of communication accompany analyses of developments in communication theory and research in specialized areas within the communication sciences. Among the areas covered are information systems, interpersonal communication, political communication, instructional communication, health communication, mass communication, organizational communication, and intercul-tural communication. Reviews and commentaries are commissioned by the editor, and divisional overviews are prepared by scholars in each area of specialization. Articles presenting current research are selected through competitive judging processes within each interest area. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Progress in Behavior Modification Michel Hersen, Richard M. Eisler, Peter M. Miller, 2013-10-22 Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 6, is a multidisciplinary serial publication that encompasses the contributions of psychology, psychiatry, social work, speech therapy, education, and rehabilitation. This serial aims to meet the need for a review publication that undertakes to present yearly in-depth evaluations that include a scholarly examination of theoretical underpinnings, a careful survey of research findings, and a comparative analysis of existing techniques and methodologies. The discussions center on a wide spectrum of child and adult disorders. The book opens with a chapter on the various behavioral procedures for treating insomnia. This is followed by separate chapters on behavioral analysis and formulation of the problem of stuttering; the assessment and treatment of enuresis and encopresis in children; and the development of behavior modification in Latin America. Subsequent chapters deal with the analysis of behavior modification from the point of view of its social identity; the conceptual and clinical literature resulting from the broader emphasis in behavior modification; and the relationship between therapist and client. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Moral Brains S. Matthew Liao, 2016-08-15 In the last fifteen years, there has been significant interest in studying the brain structures involved in moral judgments using novel techniques from neuroscience such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Many people, including a number of philosophers, believe that results from neuroscience have the potential to settle seemingly intractable debates concerning the nature, practice, and reliability of moral judgments. This has led to a flurry of scientific and philosophical activities, resulting in the rapid growth of the new field of moral neuroscience. There is now a vast array of ongoing scientific research devoted towards understanding the neural correlates of moral judgments, accompanied by a large philosophical literature aimed at interpreting and examining the methodology and the results of this research. This is the first volume to take stock of fifteen years of research of this fast-growing field of moral neuroscience and to recommend future directions for research. It features the most up-to-date research in this area, and it presents a wide variety of perspectives on this topic. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics George G. Brenkert, Tom L. Beauchamp, 2009-12-08 Business ethics raises many important philosophical issues. A first set of issues concerns the methodology of business ethics. What is the role of ethical theory in business ethics? To what extent, if at all, can thinking in business ethics be enhanced by philosophy, so as to provide real moral guidance? Another set of issues involves questions regarding markets, capitalism, and economic justice. There are related concerns about the nature of business organizations and the responsibilities they have to their members, owners, and society. The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics is a comprehensive treatment of the field of business ethics as seen from a philosophical approach. The volume consists of 24 essays that survey the field of business ethics in a broad and accessible manner, covering all major topics about the relationship between ethical theory and business ethics. The chapters are written by accomplished philosophers who offer a systematic interpretation of their topics and discuss various moral controversies and dilemmas that plague business relationships and government-business relationships. Readers are thus presented with the major views that define the topic of the essay with critical discussions of those views, as well as topical bibliographies that identify key works in the field. In addition to philosophers who work in this area, the volume will be of interest to those in business and society seeking an up-to-date resource on this vital field. This book is intended to provide an overview of the state of the field of philosophical business ethics. And Brenkert and Beauchamp are to be commended for having put together a collection of contributors and topics that is well-suited for this goal. The contributors are all first-rate scholars who have made important contributions to business ethics or cognate fields. They are also admirably diverse in age, ideology, and methodological approach, thus providing readers with a good glimpse into the wide range of scholarship that characterizes the field. The book will obviously be of interest to those for whom philosophical business ethics is a main area of interest. But the entries are clear and accessible enough to make the book of special value to at least two other groups: those whose approach to business ethics is not primarily philosophical will find here a useful 'crash course' in an alternative methodological approach to their own subject, and those philosophers who are not primarily interested in business ethics will be treated to a volume that makes clear the connection between business ethics and more standard philosophical subjects, and that will almost certainly provide them with new ways of thinking about both business ethics and other topics in value theory and political philosophy that are connected with business ethics in ways they might not have previously recognized. The selection of topics is also admirably comprehensive. - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Research Methods in Human Development Paul C. Cozby, Patricia E. Worden, Daniel W. Kee, 1989 For undergradute social science majors. A textbook on the interpretation and use of research. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: Games, Groups, and the Global Good Simon A. Levin, 2009-06-09 How do groups form, how do institutions come into being, and when do moral norms and practices emerge? This volume explores how game-theoretic approaches can be extended to consider broader questions that cross scales of organization, from individuals to cooperatives to societies. Game theory' strategic formulation of central problems in the analysis of social interactions is used to develop multi-level theories that examine the interplay between individuals and the collectives they form. The concept of cooperation is examined at a higher level than that usually addressed by game theory, especially focusing on the formation of groups and the role of social norms in maintaining their integrity, with positive and negative implications. The authors suggest that conventional analyses need to be broadened to explain how heuristics, like concepts of fairness, arise and become formalized into the ethical principles embraced by a society. |
| empirical questions about human behavior: The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents Birgit Lugrin, Catherine Pelachaud, David Traum, 2022-10-19 The Handbook on Socially Interactive Agents provides a comprehensive overview of the research fields of Embodied Conversational Agents;Intelligent Virtual Agents;and Social Robotics. Socially Interactive Agents (SIAs);whether virtually or physically embodied;are autonomous agents that are able to perceive an environment including people or other agents;reason;decide how to interact;and express attitudes such as emotions;engagement;or empathy. They are capable of interacting with people and one another in a socially intelligent manner using multimodal communicative behaviors;with the goal to support humans in various domains. Written by international experts in their respective fields;the book summarizes research in the many important research communities pertinent for SIAs;while discussing current challenges and future directions. The handbook provides easy access to modeling and studying SIAs for researchers and students;and aims at further bridging the gap between the research communities involved. In two volumes;the book clearly structures the vast body of research. The first volume starts by introducing what is involved in SIAs research;in particular research methodologies and ethical implications of developing SIAs. It further examines research on appearance and behavior;focusing on multimodality. Finally;social cognition for SIAs is investigated using different theoretical models and phenomena such as theory of mind or pro-sociality. The second volume starts with perspectives on interaction;examined from different angles such as interaction in social space;group interaction;or long-term interaction. It also includes an extensive overview summarizing research and systems of human–agent platforms and of some of the major application areas of SIAs such as education;aging support;autism;and games. |
EMPIRICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EMPIRICAL is originating in or based on observation or experience. How to use empirical in a sentence. Empirical Has Roots in Latin and Greek.
EMPIRICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EMPIRICAL definition: 1. based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory: 2. based on what is experienced or…. Learn more.
EMPIRICAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Empirical definition: derived from or guided by direct experience or by experiment, rather than abstract principles or theory.. See examples of EMPIRICAL used in a sentence.
Empirical - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
If knowledge is empirical, it's based on observation rather than theory. To do an empirical study of donut shops, you'll need to visit every one you can find. Empirical looks like empire but comes …
empirical, adj. & n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford …
What does the word empirical mean? There are ten meanings listed in OED's entry for the word empirical . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
Empirical - definition of empirical by The Free Dictionary
empirical - derived from experiment and observation rather than theory; "an empirical basis for an ethical theory"; "empirical laws"; "empirical data"; "an empirical treatment of a disease about …
empirical adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage ...
Definition of empirical adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Empirical Meaning and Definition with Examples and Synonyms
Feb 9, 2025 · The word “empirical” refers to knowledge, information, or conclusions based on observation, experience, or experiments rather than on theory or pure logic. As an adjective – …
EMPIRICAL - Definition & Translations | Collins English Dictionary
Discover everything about the word "EMPIRICAL" in English: meanings, translations, synonyms, pronunciations, examples, and grammar insights - all in one comprehensive guide.
EMPIRICAL | definition in the Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary
EMPIRICAL meaning: based on experience or scientific experiments and not only on ideas: . Learn more.
EMPIRICAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EMPIRICAL is originating in or based on observation or experience. How to use empirical in a sentence. Empirical Has Roots in Latin and Greek.
EMPIRICAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EMPIRICAL definition: 1. based on what is experienced or seen rather than on theory: 2. based on what is experienced or…. Learn more.
EMPIRICAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Empirical definition: derived from or guided by direct experience or by experiment, rather than abstract principles or theory.. See examples of EMPIRICAL used in a sentence.
Empirical - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
If knowledge is empirical, it's based on observation rather than theory. To do an empirical study of donut shops, you'll need to visit every one you can find. Empirical looks like empire but comes …
empirical, adj. & n. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English …
What does the word empirical mean? There are ten meanings listed in OED's entry for the word empirical . See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence.
Empirical - definition of empirical by The Free Dictionary
empirical - derived from experiment and observation rather than theory; "an empirical basis for an ethical theory"; "empirical laws"; "empirical data"; "an empirical treatment of a disease about …
empirical adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage ...
Definition of empirical adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Empirical Meaning and Definition with Examples and Synonyms
Feb 9, 2025 · The word “empirical” refers to knowledge, information, or conclusions based on observation, experience, or experiments rather than on theory or pure logic. As an adjective – …
EMPIRICAL - Definition & Translations | Collins English Dictionary
Discover everything about the word "EMPIRICAL" in English: meanings, translations, synonyms, pronunciations, examples, and grammar insights - all in one comprehensive guide.
EMPIRICAL | definition in the Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary
EMPIRICAL meaning: based on experience or scientific experiments and not only on ideas: . Learn more.
