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| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Hockenbury, 2002-07-19 New edition of the Hockenburys' text, which draws on their extensive teaching and writing experiences to speak directly to students who are new to psychology. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Gareth and Lynette Lancelot and Elaine the Passing of Arthur Houghton Mifflin Company, 2019-03-16 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology (Loose Leaf) Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Hockenbury, 2008-12-06 More than any other psychology textbook, Don and Sandra Hockenbury’s Psychology relates the science of psychology to the lives of the wide range of students taking the introductory course. Now Psychology returns in a remarkable new edition that shows just how well-attuned the Hockenburys are to the needs of today’s students and instructors. Psychology began with a basic idea: combine scientific authority with a narrative that engages students and relates to their lives. From decades of experience teaching, the Hockenburys created a book filled with cutting-edge science and real-life stories that draw students of all kinds into the course. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology , 2004-09-21 The Encyclopedia of Applied Psychology encompasses applications of psychological knowledge and procedures in all areas of psychology. This compendium is a major source of information for professional practitioners, researchers in psychology, and for anyone interested in applied psychology. The topics included are, but are not limited to, aging (geropsychology), assessment, clinical, cognitive, community, counseling, educational, environmental, family, industrial/organizational, health, school, sports, and transportation psychology. The entries drawn from the above-referenced areas provide a clear definition of topic, a brief review of theoretical basis relevant to the topic, and emphasize major areas of application.Also available online via ScienceDirect – featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology Daniel L. Schacter, Daniel T. Gilbert, Daniel M. Wegner, 2009 An introduction to psychology doesn't have to be science-challenged to be student-friendly. After all, what more powerful tool is there for captivating students than the real science behind what we know? This skillful presentation centers on a smart selection of pioneering and cutting-edge experiments and examples, it effectively conveys the remarkable achievements of psychology (with the right amount of critical judgment) to introduce the field's fundamental ideas to students - from publisher. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Elements of Episodic Memory Endel Tulving, 1985-09-05 Elements of Episodic Memory is a classic text in the psychology literature. It had a significant influence on research in the area has been much sought after in recent years. Finally, it has now been made available again with this reissue, the text unchanged from the original. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: The Cambridge Handbook of Cognitive Science Keith Frankish, William Ramsey, 2012-07-19 An authoritative, up-to-date survey of the state of the art in cognitive science, written for non-specialists. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: The Foundations of Remembering James S. Nairne, 2011-12-06 The Foundations of Remembering presents a collection of essays written by top memory scholars in honor of Henry L. Roediger III. The chapters were originally delivered as part of the Roddyfest conference held in March 2005 to celebrate Purdue University's awarding of an honorary doctor of letters to Roediger in recognition of his many contributions to the field of psychology. Authors were given a simple charge: choose your own topic, but place your work in historical context. Roediger is fascinated by the intellectual lineage of ideas, so addressing historical foundations seemed a fitting tribute. The Chapters contained in this volume help to establish the foundations of remembering, circa the first decade of the 21st century, as perceived by some of the leading memory researchers in the world. Not surprisingly, each of the chapters touches on Roediger's research as well, largely because his work has helped to define and clarify many topics of interest to the memory field. The Foundations of Remembering is intended for a wide audience: students, scholars, and anyone interested in exploring the historical and conceptual roots of modern memory theory. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Introducing Psychology Daniel L. Schacter, Daniel T. Gilbert, Daniel M. Wegner, 2009-12-25 Reads like a good book… Written in the style of their award-winning nonfiction books, the Dans capture students’ attention in a way few textbooks can claim. Each chapter, each page is written with narrative hooks that retain student interest by engaging their curiosity, compassion, and interest in the world around them. Students who read Introducing Psychology will quickly learn to critically examine the world around them and apply the lessons of psychology to their own lives. …Teaches like a great textbook. The Dans focus the essential topics within psychology without diluting the explanation or removing examples intended to illustrate concepts. By refining their coverage to the most clear, thought-provoking, and illustrative examples, the Dans manage to accomplish two difficult goals: making thoughtful content choices covering the various fields of psychology, and doing so in a manner that retains clarity and emphasizes student engagement. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology Richard A. Griggs, 2010-10-15 Exploring the broad subject of introductory psychology with brevity and clarity, the award-winning author draws on his own classroom experience and extensive research in his careful choice of the core concepts in psychology. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: The Nature of Cognition Robert J. Sternberg, 1999 This book is the first to introduce the study of cognition in terms of the major conceptual themes that underlie virtually all the substantive topics. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Discovering Psychology Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Hockenbury, 2010-01-27 A multimedia-enhanced eBook integrates the text, a rich assortment of media-powered learning opportunities, and a variety of customization features for students and instructors. Worth's acclaimed eBook platform was developed by a cognitive psychologist, Pepper Williams, (Ph.D., Yale University) who taught undergraduate psychology at the University of Massachusetts. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Study Guide for Psychology Don H. Hockenbury, 2009-01-23 |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: An Introduction to Cognitive Psychology Department of Psychology David Groome, 2013-12-19 First Published in 2007. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: A Critical Introduction to Sport Psychology Aidan Moran, John Toner, 2017-02-24 The new third edition of A Critical Introduction to Sport Psychology is the only textbook in the field that provides a detailed overview of key theories, concepts and findings within the discipline of sport psychology, as well as a critical perspective that examines and challenges these core foundations. Fully revised and updated, the new edition covers key research findings affecting both participation and performance in sport, including topics such as motivation, anxiety, emotional coping, concentration, mental imagery, expertise and team cohesion. In addition, the book includes a range of helpful features that bring the science to life, including critical thinking exercises, suggestions for student projects and new In the spotlight boxes that highlight key advances in theory or practice. A comprehensive glossary is also included, whilst a final chapter examines some new horizons in sport psychology, including embodied cognition and socio-cultural perspectives. Sport is played with the body but often won in the mind; that is the theory. A Critical Introduction to Sport Psychology is the definitive textbook for anyone wishing to engage critically with this fascinating idea. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology, Fourth Edition Peter O. Gray, 2002 The new edition of Gray's acclaimed text, featuring dramatic new coverage of sensation and perception and new media tools that actively involve students in psychological research. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology Study Guide Cornelius Rea, 2005-06-10 For every chapter, the Study Guide will include a Preview and At A Glance sections (both provide an overview of and objectives for the chapter). Each major topic includes a progress test, comprised of multiple-choice, matching, and/or true/false questions. The Guide also contains Graphic Organizers, which encourage students to complete graphs, charts, and flow diagrams that ultimately provide a visual synopsis of text material. End-of-chapter material includes Something To Think About sections, which contain thought provoking questions designed to encourage critical thinking and application of the material. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology: A Concise Introduction Richard A. Griggs, 2005-03-18 Psychology: A Concise Introduction explores the territory of the introductory psychology course while answering the growing need for a shorter, less expensive book. Award-winning teacher, Richard A. Griggs, draws on his own classroom experience and his extensive research on the introductory course in his careful choice of the core concepts in psychology. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology Henry L. Roediger, 1991 |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Introduction to Psychology Jennifer Walinga, Charles Stangor, This book is designed to help students organize their thinking about psychology at a conceptual level. The focus on behaviour and empiricism has produced a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading books. The beginning of each section includes learning objectives; throughout the body of each section are key terms in bold followed by their definitions in italics; key takeaways, and exercises and critical thinking activities end each section. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Simply Psychology Michael W. Eysenck, 2017-11-06 Simply Psychology, fourth edition, is an engaging and reader-friendly introduction to the key principles of psychology. Organized around the major approaches to the subject, it covers biological, developmental, social, and cognitive psychology, as well as individual differences. Supported by a wealth of colour illustrations, it provides students new to the subject with straightforward and clear explanations of all the key topics within contemporary psychology. The features spread throughout the book are designed to help readers to engage with the material and include: highlighted key terms and comprehensive glossary chapter introductions and summaries further reading and evaluation boxes structured essay and self-assessment questions case-studies and examples illustrating the application of key theories It also concludes with a practical chapter that offers students tips and advice to help them improve their study skills and get the most out of the book and their studies. NEW FOR THE FOURTH EDITION expanded coverage of abnormal psychology coverage of developments in neuroscience new ‘In the real world' feature showing how psychology can be used in a range of professional contexts Simply Psychology is ideal for students studying psychology for the first time, as well as those in related fields such as nursing, social work and the social sciences. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychology Michael W. Eysenck, 2004 In this book Michael Eysenck, one of the UK's most eminent and leading psychologists, provides a unique approach to Introductory Psychology. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: The Psychology of Language Trevor A. Harley, 2013-12-16 This thorough revision and update of the popular second edition contains everything the student needs to know about the psychology of language: how we understand, produce, and store language. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Working Memory Capacity Nelson Cowan, 2016-04-14 The idea of one's memory filling up is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a full brain makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Stevens' Handbook of Experimental Psychology, Memory and Cognitive Processes Douglas Medin, 2004-02-05 Now available in paperback. This revised and updated edition of the definitive resource for experimental psychology offers comprehensive coverage of the latest findings in the field, as well as the most recent contributions in methodology and the explosion of research in neuroscience. Volume Two: Memory and Cognitive Processes, focuses on the neurological and cognitive processes on topics such as memory, decision-making, spatial cognition, linguistics, reasoning, and concepts. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Fundamentals of Psychology Michael Eysenck, 2014-08-07 Aimed at those new to the subject, Fundamentals of Psychology is a clear and reader-friendly textbook that will help students explore and understand the essentials of psychology. This text offers a balanced and accurate representation of the discipline through a highly accessible synoptic approach, which seamlessly brings together all the various related topics. Fundamentals of Psychology combines an authoritative tone, a huge range of psychological material and an informal, analogy-rich style. The text expertly blends admirably up-to-date empirical research and real-life examples and applications, and is both readable and factually dense. The book introduces all the main approaches to psychology, including social, developmental, cognitive, biological, individual differences, and abnormal psychology, as well as psychological research methods. However, it also includes directions for more detailed and advanced study for the interested student. Fundamentals of Psychology incorporates many helpful textbook features which will aid students and reinforce learning, such as: Key-term definitions Extremely clear end-of-chapter summaries Annotated further reading sections Evaluations of significant research findings Numerous illustrations presented in attractive full color. This textbook is also accompanied by a comprehensive program of resources for both students and instructors, which is available free to qualifying adopters. The resources include a web-based Student Learning Program, as well as chapter-by-chapter lecture slides and an interactive chapter-by-chapter multiple-choice question test bank. Combining exceptional content, abundant pedagogical features, and a lively full-color design, Fundamentals of Psychology is an essential resource for anyone new to the subject and more particularly those beginning undergraduate courses. The book will also be ideal for students studying psychology within education, nursing and other healthcare professions. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Developmental Psychology Jacki Watts, Kate Cockcroft, 2009 Offers a theory-driven approach to understanding human development from two perspectives - the psychoanalytic and the cognitive. This book presents thoughts on the South African context and the impact it has on development. It is suitable for undergraduates, postgraduates and health professionals. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Real World Psychology Catherine Ashley Sanderson, Karen Huffman, 2024 Real World Psychology: Applications of Psychological Science, 4th Edition provides a complete, college-level survey of the field of psychology and an understanding of its scientific nature and research methods. As its title implies, the text emphasizes scientific thinking and practical applications of psychological science that can expand, enhance, and change students' experience of the real world around them. Updated with abundant new references since the 3rd edition's publication in 2019, this new edition highlights recent research that underscores the importance and power of psychology in our everyday lives and interactions, and the authors' careful and deliberate attention to issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion ensures the representation of multiple perspectives and experiences throughout a text in which all students can find respect and a sense of belonging.-- |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Advances in Experimental Social Psychology Mark P. Zanna, 1996 Advances in Experimental Social Psychology continues to be one of the most sought after and most often cited series in this field. Containing contributions of major empirical and theoretical interest, this series represents the best and the brightest in new research, theory, and practice in social psychology. Volume 28 includes contributions on arousal regulation, social perception, social norms, and nonverbal behavior. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Psychological Science Catherine A. Sanderson, Karen R. Huffman, 2023-04-11 Psychological Science: The Curious Mind, by award-winning authors and professors Catherine A. Sanderson and Karen Huffman, introduces 21st-century, digital-native students to the fascinating field of psychology. This new program emphasizes the importance of developing scientific literacy and an understanding of research and research methods. The program uses an inviting why-focused framework that taps into students' natural curiosity, incorporating active learning and real-life application to engage students. Psychological Science: The Curious Mind embraces the guidelines released by the American Psychological Association (APA)'s Introductory Psychology Initiative (IPI) in 2021. It provides an excellent framework for instructors who want to implement those guidelines in their Introductory Psychology courses, and it provides students with the content and motivation to achieve the course's ultimate outcome: an enduring, foundational understanding of psychological science. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Study Guide for Psychology, Third Edition Cornelius Rea, Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Hockenbury, 2002-08-02 New edition of the Hockenburys' text, which draws on their extensive teaching and writing experiences to speak directly to students who are new to psychology. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology Harold L. Miller, Jr., 2016-05-24 Drawing together a team of international scholars, The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology examines the contemporary landscape of all the key theories and theorists, presenting them in the context needed to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Key features include: · Approximately 300 signed entries fill two volumes · Entries are followed by Cross-References and Further Readings · A Reader's Guide in the front matter groups entries thematically · A detailed Index and the Cross-References provide for effective search-and-browse in the electronic version · Back matter includes a Chronology of theory within the field of psychology, a Master Bibliography, and an annotated Resource Guide to classic books in this field, journals, associations, and their websites The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Psychology is an exceptional and scholarly source for researching the theory of psychology, making it a must-have reference for all academic libraries. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Cognitive Psychology PressGrup Academician Team, Despite its essential role, memory consolidation can also be susceptible to interference, leading to forgetting or distortion of memories. Retroactive interference occurs when newly acquired information disrupts the retention of previously learned material. This effect can hinder the consolidation of older memories and highlights the competitive nature of memory processing. Furthermore, contextual factors, such as environmental cues and emotional states during the consolidation phase, influence how well memories are retained. For example, memories tested in the same context in which they were encoded tend to demonstrate enhanced recall, a phenomenon known as context-dependent retrieval. This principle underscores that both encoding and consolidation work synergistically to optimize memory performance. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Cracking the AP Psychology Exam, 2016 Edition Princeton Review, 2015-09-08 EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO SCORE A PERFECT 5. Equip yourself to ace the AP Psychology Exam with The Princeton Review's comprehensive study guide—including thorough content reviews, targeted strategies for every question type, access to our AP Connect portal online, and 2 full-length practice tests with complete answer explanations. This eBook edition is optimized for on-screen learning with cross-linked questions, answers, and explanations. We don't have to tell you how tough it can be to master AP Psychology—or how vital a stellar exam can be to making your college application competitive at the most selective schools. Written by the experts at The Princeton Review, Cracking the AP Physics C Exam arms you to take on the test with: Techniques That Actually Work. • Tried-and-true strategies to avoid traps and beat the test • Tips for pacing yourself and guessing logically • Essential tactics to help you work smarter, not harder Everything You Need to Know for a High Score. • Comprehensive content reviews for all test topics • Up-to-date information on the 2016 AP Psychology Exam • Engaging activities to help you critically assess your progress • Access to AP Connect, our online portal for helpful pre-college information and exam updates Practice Your Way to Perfection. • 2 full-length practice tests with detailed answer explanations • Practice drills at the end of each content review chapter • Detailed step-by-step explanations of sample questions to help you create your own personal pacing strategy |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: An Introduction to Applied Cognitive Psychology Anthony Esgate, David Groome, 2005 This book offers a student friendly review of recent research in the application of cognitive methods, theories and models to real-world scenarios. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Discovering Psychology: The Human Experience Telecourse Study Guide Don H. Hockenbury, Sandra E. Hockenbury, 2006-07-21 This briefer, streamlined version of Don and Sandra Hockenbury's acclaimed text, Psychology, Second Edition, warmly invites students to explore the science that speaks most directly to their everyday lives. Using a narrative rich with engaging anecdotes and real-life stories--often drawn from the authors' own lives and experiences--Discovering Psychology helps to clarify abstract concepts and psychological principles. With its smart pedagogy, attractive design and state-of-the-classroom media and supplements package, there is no text better equipped for introducing students to the science that speaks most directly to their everyday lives. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Revise in a Month VCE Psychology Julian Fraillon, 2005 |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Principles of Memory Aimée M. Surprenant, Ian Neath, 2013-03-07 This monograph proposes 7 principles of human memory. These principles are qualitative statements of empirical regularities that can serve as intermediary explanations and which follow from viewing memory as a function. |
| encoding specificity principle psychology definition: Visualizing Psychology Siri Carpenter, Karen R. Huffman, 2013-01-01 This text is an unbound, binder-ready edition. Visualizing Psychology, Third Edition helps students examine their own personal studying and learning styles with several new pedagogical aids--encouraging students to apply what they are learning to their everyday lives while offering ongoing study tips and psychological techniques for mastering the material. Most importantly, students are provided with numerous opportunities to immediately access their understanding. |
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