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| future of english language: The Impact and Future of English as a Global Language denis kastrati, 2020-07-22 Essay from the year 2017 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 10, , course: Lexicology and Etymology, language: English, abstract: This paper reviews and discusses English as a global language, as we know that English language is one of the most spoken languages in the world. Language is said to be the mirror of mind, language is a part of communication. English language is part of the Indo-European language family. English language is branch of the Germanic family. This paper is divided into three main sections. The first section gives an introduction on English as a global Language, then English as a lingua franca, and the future of English. |
| future of english language: The Future of English? David Graddol, 1997 |
| future of english language: Language Contact and the Future of English Ian Mackenzie, 2017-12-15 This book reflects on the future of the English language as used by native speakers, speakers of nativized New Englishes, and users of English as a lingua franca (ELF). The volume begins by outlining the current position of English in the world and accounts for the differences among native and nativized varieties and ELF usages. It offers a historical perspective on the impact of language contact on English and discusses whether the lexicogrammatical features of New Englishes and ELF are shaped by imperfect learning or deliberate language change. The book also considers the consequences of writing in a second language and questions the extent to which non-native English-speaking academics and researchers should be required to conform to ‘Anglo’ patterns of text organization and ‘English Academic Discourse.’ The book then examines the converse effect of English on other languages through bilingualism and translation. This volume is essential reading for students and scholars in English language, sociolinguistics, language acquisition, and language policy. |
| future of english language: The Future of English in Asia Michael O'Sullivan, David Huddart, Carmen Lee, 2015-10-05 This collection is unique in bringing together key thinkers on language and literature to discuss the future of English in Asia. Many of the contributors are themselves responsible for important sub-genres in English linguistics and literary studies and this collection gives them the opportunity to respond to each other directly. The different chapters also respond to different contemporary debates and emerging trends and discourses that are hugely important for the future of English language teaching in schools across Asia. This volume is also ground-breaking in bringing English literary studies and Applied English Linguistics together in the contemporary Asian context. The Future of English in Asia includes studies on the following subject areas: Cultural Translation in World Englishes, Multilingual Education, English Futures and the function of Literature, English Literary Studies in Japan, and English and Social Media in Asia. Well into this century, it appears that it is still very difficult to know what to expect when it comes to the future of English. The future of English will continue to be determined by complex local contexts. As it has in other parts of the world, the future of English in Asia will continue to rely on the proliferation of its transformations as much as its hegemonic status. This volume reflects the widespread acknowledgement that whatever future English has will inevitably be shaped by its fate in Asia. The collection will be a welcome resource for scholars and students of English linguistics, English literary studies, and topics related to the teaching of English in Asia. |
| future of english language: Does Science Need a Global Language? Scott L. Montgomery, 2013-05-06 In early 2012, the global scientific community erupted with news that the elusive Higgs boson had likely been found, providing potent validation for the Standard Model of how the universe works. Scientists from more than one hundred countries contributed to this discovery—proving, beyond any doubt, that a new era in science had arrived, an era of multinationalism and cooperative reach. Globalization, the Internet, and digital technology all play a role in making this new era possible, but something more fundamental is also at work. In all scientific endeavors lies the ancient drive for sharing ideas and knowledge, and now this can be accomplished in a single tongue— English. But is this a good thing? In Does Science Need a Global Language?, Scott L. Montgomery seeks to answer this question by investigating the phenomenon of global English in science, how and why it came about, the forms in which it appears, what advantages and disadvantages it brings, and what its future might be. He also examines the consequences of a global tongue, considering especially emerging and developing nations, where research is still at a relatively early stage and English is not yet firmly established. Throughout the book, he includes important insights from a broad range of perspectives in linguistics, history, education, geopolitics, and more. Each chapter includes striking and revealing anecdotes from the front-line experiences of today’s scientists, some of whom have struggled with the reality of global scientific English. He explores topics such as student mobility, publication trends, world Englishes, language endangerment, and second language learning, among many others. What he uncovers will challenge readers to rethink their assumptions about the direction of contemporary science, as well as its future. |
| future of english language: English as a Global Language David Crystal, 2012-03-29 Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language. |
| future of english language: The Future of English? David Graddol, 1999 |
| future of english language: The future of dialects Marie-Hélène Côté, Remco Knooihuizen, John Nerbonne, 2016-02-05 Traditional dialects have been encroached upon by the increasing mobility of their speakers and by the onslaught of national languages in education and mass media. Typically, older dialects are “leveling” to become more like national languages. This is regrettable when the last articulate traces of a culture are lost, but it also promotes a complex dynamics of interaction as speakers shift from dialect to standard and to intermediate compromises between the two in their forms of speech. Varieties of speech thus live on in modern communities, where they still function to mark provenance, but increasingly cultural and social provenance as opposed to pure geography. They arise at times from the need to function throughout the different groups in society, but they also may have roots in immigrants’ speech, and just as certainly from the ineluctable dynamics of groups wishing to express their identity to themselves and to the world. The future of dialects is a selection of the papers presented at Methods in Dialectology XV, held in Groningen, the Netherlands, 11-15 August 2014. While the focus is on methodology, the volume also includes specialized studies on varieties of Catalan, Breton, Croatian, (Belgian) Dutch, English (in the US, the UK and in Japan), German (including Swiss German), Italian (including Tyrolean Italian), Japanese, and Spanish as well as on heritage languages in Canada. |
| future of english language: The Future of Language David Crystal, 2009 For the first time, The Future of Language brings together three of Professor David Crystal’s most popular lectures on the future of language. One of the world’s foremost experts on language and English language, and arguably the most accessible and entertaining writer and lecturer in this area, Crystal delivers these informative and highly enjoyable performance lectures exploring key contemporary language issues: 'The Future of Englishes', 'Language Death' and 'Internet Linguistics'. This accompanying book supplements the DVD with Crystal’s comprehensive commentary on the lectures. A short overview of the main themes discussed across the three lectures is followed by sections devoted to each of the three lectures. Each sections provides a more detailed introduction to the lecture topic, a synopsis of all the main points covered and a cultural usage commentary explaining and analysing points of interest, along with further reading and activities for the classroom that enable students to begin engaging with language straight away. An index for both the DVD and the book is provided so users can search for topics of interest easily. Timecodes are also included so users can easily pinpoint the commentary items. The book concludes with Crystal's reflections on how the three interrelated topics covered will continue to interact and contribute to the evolution of language. This is an ideal resource for all university and A-level English Language and Linguistics departments and will be of interest to anyone involved in the study of language, especially those involved with teaching or learning English as a second language. |
| future of english language: English as a Contact Language Daniel Schreier, Marianne Hundt, 2013-01-17 Recent developments in contact linguistics suggest considerable overlap of branches such as historical linguistics, variationist sociolinguistics, pidgin/creole linguistics, language acquisition, etc. This book highlights the complexity of contact-induced language change throughout the history of English by bringing together cutting-edge research from these fields. Special focus is on recent debates surrounding substratal influence in earlier forms of English (particularly Celtic influence in Old English), on language shift processes (the formation of Irish and overseas varieties) but also on dialects in contact, the contact origins of Standard English, the notion of new epicentres in World English, the role of children and adults in language change as well as transfer and language learning. With contributions from leading experts, the book offers fresh and exciting perspectives for research and is at the same time an up-to-date overview of the state of the art in the respective fields. |
| future of english language: The Bilingual Revolution Fabrice Jaumont, 2017 The Bilingual Revolution is a collection of inspirational vignettes and practical advice that tells the story of the parents and educators who founded dual language programs in New York City public schools. The book doubles as a how to manual for setting up your own bilingual school and, in so doing, launching your own revolution. |
| future of english language: Future of the English Language Sir Henry John Newbolt, |
| future of english language: Global Englishes for Language Teaching Heath Rose, Nicola Galloway, 2019-01-24 Provides a ground-breaking attempt to unite discussions on the pedagogical implications of the global spread of English, and lobby for change. |
| future of english language: Does Spelling Matter? Simon Horobin, 2013-03-28 The book narrates the history of English spelling from the Anglo-Saxons to the present-day. It also examines the changing attitudes to spelling, including numerous proposals for spelling reform, ranging from the introduction of new alphabets to more modest attempts to rid English of its silent letters, and the differing agendas they reveal. |
| future of english language: English Next David Graddol, 2006 |
| future of english language: Essay about the history and future of English Marion Moll, 2018-02-09 Essay from the year 2015 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Other, grade: 1, Dublin City University, language: English, abstract: This essay is about the development of english in the worldwide context. In our highly technological, modern and above all fast paced world, instant communication is not only an auxiliary but also a necessity. To be successful and to compete in a global economy, one has to be seen and heard by as many different parties as possible, as quickly as possible. However, in in a worldwide context, the content is not the only thing that is important. What causes more difficulty is the question of understanding. It is very likely that the addresser and the addressee do not come from the same country or even the same continent. In order to enable communication despite the language barrier, there has to be a language that can serve as a medium of connection between two parties. This language nowadays is English, spoken all over the world by almost 1 Billion people, 600 Million of which are non-native, or second language, speakers. Even though it may not be the ‘biggest’ language in the world when it comes to the total number of speakers, Mandarin Chinese heads the table with 1.1 Billion speakers, there are other aspects that make English the ‘biggest’ language globally. Lu (2008) identifies some of them as ease of learning and use, broad acceptance of culture that the language represents, widely scattered users and the possibility to avail of audio-visual and literary publications in order to use the language actively. |
| future of english language: Hawaiian Language Albert J. Schütz, 2020-05-31 With color and black-and-white illustrations throughout, Hawaiian Language: Past, Present, Future presents aspects of Hawaiian and its history that are rarely treated in language classes. The major characters in this book make up a diverse cast: Dutch merchants, Captain Cook’s naturalist and philologist William Anderson, ‘Ōpūkaha‘ia (the inspiration for the Hawaiian Mission), the American lexicographer Noah Webster, philologists in New England, missionary-linguists and their Hawaiian consultants, and many minor players. The account begins in prehistory, placing the probable origins of the ancestor of Polynesian languages in mainland Asia. An evolving family tree reflects the linguistic changes that took place as these people moved east. The current versions are examined from a Hawaiian-centered point of view, comparing the sound system of the language with those of its major relatives in the Polynesian triangle. More recent historical topics begin with the first written samples of a Polynesian language in 1616, which led to the birth of the idea of a widespread language family. The next topic is how the Hawaiian alphabet was developed. The first efforts suffered from having too many letters, a problem that was solved in 1826 through brilliant reasoning by its framers and their Hawaiian consultants. The opposite problem was that the alphabet didn’t have enough letters: analysts either couldn’t hear or misinterpreted the glottal stop and long vowels. The end product of the development of the alphabet—literacy—is more complicated than some statistics would have us believe. As for its success or failure, both points of view, from contemporary observers, are presented. Still, it cannot be denied that literacy had a tremendous and lasting effect on Hawaiian culture. The last part of the book concentrates on the most-used Hawaiian reference works—dictionaries. It describes current projects that combine print and manuscript collections on a searchable website. These projects can include the growing body of manuscript and print material that is being made available through recent and ongoing research. As for the future, a proposed monolingual dictionary would allow users to avoid an English bridge to understanding, and move directly to a definition that includes Hawaiian cultural features and a Hawaiian worldview. |
| future of english language: The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes Andy Kirkpatrick, 2020-12-31 The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes constitutes a comprehensive introduction to the study of World Englishes. Split into six sections with 40 contributions, this Handbook discusses how English is operating in a wide range of fields from business to popular culture and from education to new literatures in English and its increasing role as an international lingua franca. Bringing together more than 40 of the world’s leading scholars in World Englishes, the sections cover historical perspectives, regional varieties of English from across the world, recent and emerging trends and the pedagogical implications and the future of Englishes. The Handbook provides a thorough and updated overview of the field, taking into account the new directions in which the discipline is heading. This second edition includes up-to-date descriptions of a wide range of varieties of English and how these reflect the cultures of their new users, including new chapters on varieties in Bangladesh, Uganda, the Maldives and South Africa, as well as covering hot topics such as translanguaging and English after Brexit. With a new substantial introduction from the editor, the Handbook is an ideal resource for students of applied linguistics, as well as those in related degrees such as applied English language and TESOL/TEFL. |
| future of english language: Politics and the English Language George Orwell, 2021-01-01 George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Politics and the English Language, the second in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell takes aim at the language used in politics, which, he says, ‘is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind’. In an age where the language used in politics is constantly under the microscope, Orwell’s Politics and the English Language is just as relevant today, and gives the reader a vital understanding of the tactics at play. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times |
| future of english language: Future Perspectives for English Language Teaching Werner Delanoy, Laurenz Volkmann, 2008 |
| future of english language: Because Internet Gretchen McCulloch, 2020-07-21 AN INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER!! Named a Best Book of 2019 by TIME, Amazon, and The Washington Post A Wired Must-Read Book of Summer “Gretchen McCulloch is the internet’s favorite linguist, and this book is essential reading. Reading her work is like suddenly being able to see the matrix.” —Jonny Sun, author of everyone's a aliebn when ur a aliebn too Because Internet is for anyone who's ever puzzled over how to punctuate a text message or wondered where memes come from. It's the perfect book for understanding how the internet is changing the English language, why that's a good thing, and what our online interactions reveal about who we are. Language is humanity's most spectacular open-source project, and the internet is making our language change faster and in more interesting ways than ever before. Internet conversations are structured by the shape of our apps and platforms, from the grammar of status updates to the protocols of comments and @replies. Linguistically inventive online communities spread new slang and jargon with dizzying speed. What's more, social media is a vast laboratory of unedited, unfiltered words where we can watch language evolve in real time. Even the most absurd-looking slang has genuine patterns behind it. Internet linguist Gretchen McCulloch explores the deep forces that shape human language and influence the way we communicate with one another. She explains how your first social internet experience influences whether you prefer LOL or lol, why ~sparkly tildes~ succeeded where centuries of proposals for irony punctuation had failed, what emoji have in common with physical gestures, and how the artfully disarrayed language of animal memes like lolcats and doggo made them more likely to spread. |
| future of english language: The Language Wars Henry Hitchings, 2011-10-25 The English language is a battlefield. Since the age of Shakespeare, arguments over correct usage have been bitter, and have always really been about contesting values-morality, politics, and class. The Language Wars examines the present state of the conflict, its history, and its future. Above all, it uses the past as a way of illuminating the present. Moving chronologically, the book explores the most persistent issues to do with English and unpacks the history of proper usage. Where did these ideas spring from? Who has been on the front lines in the language wars? The Language Wars examines grammar rules, regional accents, swearing, spelling, dictionaries, political correctness, and the role of electronic media in reshaping language. It also takes a look at such details as the split infinitive, elocution, and text messaging. Peopled with intriguing characters such as Jonathan Swift, Lewis Carroll, and Lenny Bruce, The Language Wars is an essential volume for anyone interested in the state of the English language today or its future. |
| future of english language: The Fall of Language in the Age of English Minae Mizumura, 2015-01-06 Winner of the Kobayashi Hideo Award, The Fall of Language in the Age of English lays bare the struggle to retain the brilliance of one's own language in this period of English-language dominance. Born in Tokyo but raised and educated in the United States, Minae Mizumura acknowledges the value of a universal language in the pursuit of knowledge yet also embraces the different ways of understanding offered by multiple tongues. She warns against losing this precious diversity. Universal languages have always played a pivotal role in advancing human societies, Mizumura shows, but in the globalized world of the Internet, English is fast becoming the sole common language of humanity. The process is unstoppable, and striving for total language equality is delusional—and yet, particular kinds of knowledge can be gained only through writings in specific languages. Mizumura calls these writings texts and their ultimate form literature. Only through literature and, more fundamentally, through the diverse languages that give birth to a variety of literatures, can we nurture and enrich humanity. Incorporating her own experiences as a writer and a lover of language and embedding a parallel history of Japanese, Mizumura offers an intimate look at the phenomena of individual and national expression. |
| future of english language: The Rise of English Rosemary C. Salomone, 2022 A sweeping account of the global rise of English and the high-stakes politics of languageSpoken by a quarter of the world's population, English is today's lingua franca- - its common tongue. The language of business, popular media, and international politics, English has become commodified for its economic value and increasingly detached from any particular nation. This meteoric riseof English has many obvious benefits to communication. Tourists can travel abroad with greater ease. Political leaders can directly engage their counterparts. Researchers can collaborate with foreign colleagues. Business interests can flourish in the global economy.But the rise of English has very real downsides as well. In Europe, imperatives of political integration and job mobility compete with pride in national language and heritage. In the United States and England, English isolates us from the cultural and economic benefits of speaking other languages.And in countries like India, South Africa, Morocco, and Rwanda, it has stratified society along lines of English proficiency.In The Rise of English, Rosemary Salomone offers a commanding view of the unprecedented spread of English and the far-reaching effects it has on global and local politics, economics, media, education, and business. From the inner workings of the European Union to linguistic battles over influence inAfrica, Salomone draws on a wealth of research to tell the complex story of English - and, ultimately, to argue for English not as a force for domination but as a core component of multilingualism and the transcendence of linguistic and cultural borders. |
| future of english language: Past, Present and Future of a Language Border Catharina Peersman, Gijsbert Rutten, Rik Vosters, 2015-07-24 This volume revisits the issue of language contact and conflict in the Low Countries across space and time. The contributions deal with important sites of Germanic-Romance contact along the different language borders, covering languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Luxembourgish. This first monograph in English on the topic broadens our understanding of current-day issues by integrating a historical perspective, showing how language contact and conflict operated from the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Period, the 18th and 19th centuries, and into the 20th and 21st centuries. |
| future of english language: The English Languages Thomas Burns McArthur, 1998-04-23 Plural? monolithic? legion? - Tom McArthur explores the nature of English in its local and global contexts. |
| future of english language: The Last Lingua Franca Nicholas Ostler, 2010-11-23 Examines the rise and fall of English as the most widely spoken language in human history and discusses what language will overtake its dominance as English-speaking nations are challenged by the rising wealth of Brazil, Russia, India and China. |
| future of english language: World Englishes Jennifer Jenkins, 2003 Assuming no prior knowledge, this book offers an accessible overview of English dialects, with activities, study questions, sample analyses, commentaries & key readings. It is structured around four sections: introduction, development, exploration & extension. |
| future of english language: Dialect Diversity in America William Labov, 2012-12-17 The sociolinguist William Labov has worked for decades on change in progress in American dialects and on African American Vernacular English (AAVE). In Dialect Diversity in America, Labov examines the diversity among American dialects and presents the counterintuitive finding that geographically localized dialects of North American English are increasingly diverging from one another over time. Contrary to the general expectation that mass culture would diminish regional differences, the dialects of Los Angeles, Dallas, Chicago, Birmingham, Buffalo, Philadelphia, and New York are now more different from each other than they were a hundred years ago. Equally significant is Labov's finding that AAVE does not map with the geography and timing of changes in other dialects. The home dialect of most African American speakers has developed a grammar that is more and more different from that of the white mainstream dialects in the major cities studied and yet highly homogeneous throughout the United States. Labov describes the political forces that drive these ongoing changes, as well as the political consequences in public debate. The author also considers the recent geographical reversal of political parties in the Blue States and the Red States and the parallels between dialect differences and the results of recent presidential elections. Finally, in attempting to account for the history and geography of linguistic change among whites, Labov highlights fascinating correlations between patterns of linguistic divergence and the politics of race and slavery, going back to the antebellum United States. Complemented by an online collection of audio files that illustrate key dialectical nuances, Dialect Diversity in America offers an unparalleled sociolinguistic study from a preeminent scholar in the field. |
| future of english language: The Secret Life of Words Henry Hitchings, 2009-09-29 Words are essential to our everyday lives. An average person spends his or her day enveloped in conversations, e-mails, phone calls, text messages, directions, headlines, and more. But how often do we stop to think about the origins of the words we use? Have you ever thought about which words in English have been borrowed from Arabic, Dutch, or Portuguese? Try admiral, landscape, and marmalade, just for starters. The Secret Life of Words is a wide-ranging account not only of the history of English language and vocabulary, but also of how words witness history, reflect social change, and remind us of our past. Henry Hitchings delves into the insatiable, ever-changing English language and reveals how and why it has absorbed words from more than 350 other languages—many originating from the most unlikely of places, such as shampoo from Hindi and kiosk from Turkish. From the Norman Conquest to the present day, Hitchings narrates the story of English as a living archive of our human experience. He uncovers the secrets behind everyday words and explores the surprising origins of our most commonplace expressions. The Secret Life of Words is a rich, lively celebration of the language and vocabulary that we too often take for granted. |
| future of english language: English Language Education in a Global World Lap Tuen Wong, Aditi Dubey-Jhaveri, 2015 With English becoming the world's foremost lingua franca, the pressure to improve English language education (ELE) has been steadily increasing. Consequently, the nature of ELE has changed drastically in the last decade. This has not only brought about a number of changes in the way English is taught and learnt, but it has also led to various innovative practices around the world. As a result, this edited book aims to shed light on the new theoretical and methodological developments in the field of ELE as well as the major issues and difficulties faced by practitioners in different parts of the globe. One very important variable that the book takes into account is the role that English already plays in a particular society since this may affect the views that teachers and students hold of the language. This in turn can significantly influence the way English is taught and learnt in given political, economic and socio-cultural settings. The purpose of this book is therefore to provide a comprehensive overview of the pedagogical methods, policies and problems that underlie English language education in ten different regions across the world, including: the USA, Canada, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, India, Singapore, Japan, China and Hong Kong. In doing so, the different chapters in the book emphasize the importance of responding to linguistic and other forms of diversity in order to develop English language education in a globalized world. This book will be useful for teachers and students of English language, for English language curriculum and materials developers, and for those involved in educational policy-making and language acquisition research. Written by experts in the field, the range of content covered in the book's chapters will also help policy-makers, researchers and practitioners develop effective English language education practices and policies, and propose solutions to emerging issues in English language teaching and learning in different environments around the world. The newly-developed arguments and concerns pertaining to English language education will serve as future reference for professionals interested in this area of expertise. |
| future of english language: A History of IATEFL Shelagh Rixon, Richard Smith, 2017 |
| future of english language: World English Janina Brutt-Griffler, 2002-01-01 This text traces the history of English language spread from the 18th to the beginning of the 21st century, combining that with a study of its langauge change. It links linguistic and sociolinguistic variables that have conditioned the evolution and change of English, putting forward a new framework of language spread and change. |
| future of english language: The Future of Spanish in the United States José Antonio Alonso, Jorge Durand, Rodolfo Gutiérrez , 2014-12-04 U.S. leadership will be a strong factor in the persistence of Spanish in its midst as a living language will be a powerful factor in the strengthening of the language on the international stage. In this volume, a number of specialists, all professors of Latino origins currently working in U.S. universities, analyze a variety of factors, from different perspectives, that play a role in the present and future vitality of Spanish as a second language in the U.S. The result is a rich and complex work surrounding a crucial issue that will influence the future of Spanish as an international language. |
| future of english language: The Rise of Chinese as a Global Language Jeffrey Gil, 2021-06-07 This book investigates the macroacquisition of Chinese – its large-scale acquisition and adoption for various purposes by individuals, governments and organisations – and the implications of this process for the future of English as a global language. The author contextualises the macroacquisition of Chinese within the global ecology of languages, then analyses the factors responsible for the macroacquisition of Chinese, showing, in contrast to most academic and popular commentary, that a character-based writing system will not stop Chinese from becoming a global language. He then articulates three possible future scenarios: English remaining a dominant global language, English and Chinese both being global languages, and Chinese becoming a global language instead of English. The book concludes by outlining directions for further research on the acquisition and use of Chinese around the world. It will be of interest to students and scholars with an interest in English as a global language, Chinese as a second/foreign language, language education policy, and applied linguistics more generally. |
| future of english language: Never Let Me Go Kazuo Ishiguro, 2009-03-19 NOBEL PRIZE WINNER • The moving, suspenseful, beautifully atmospheric modern classic from the acclaimed author of The Remains of the Day and Klara and the Sun—“a Gothic tour de force (The New York Times) with an extraordinary twist. “Brilliantly executed.” —Margaret Atwood “A page-turner and a heartbreaker.” —TIME “Masterly.” —Sunday Times As children, Kathy, Ruth, and Tommy were students at Hailsham, an exclusive boarding school secluded in the English countryside. It was a place of mercurial cliques and mysterious rules where teachers were constantly reminding their charges of how special they were. Now, years later, Kathy is a young woman. Ruth and Tommy have reentered her life. And for the first time she is beginning to look back at their shared past and understand just what it is that makes them special—and how that gift will shape the rest of their time together. |
| future of english language: English as a Lingua Franca Ian Mackenzie, 2014-03-14 English as a Lingua Franca: Theorizing and Teaching English examines the English used among non-native speakers around the world today and its relation to English as a native language, as well as the implications for English language teaching. Challenging and incisive, this book analyses positive and negative accounts of English as a lingua franca, and its linguistic features, within the context of: native and World Englishes multilingualism and intercultural communication sociolinguistic issues including accent and identity classroom teaching and learning English as a Lingua Franca is a useful guide for teachers and trainee teachers, and will be essential reading for advanced students and linguists concerned with multilingualism, language contact, language learning, language change, and the place of English in the world today. |
| future of english language: The Politics of English as a World Language Christian Mair, 2003 The complex politics of English as a world language provides the backdrop both for linguistic studies of varieties of English around the world and for postcolonial literary criticism. The present volume offers contributions from linguists and literary scholars that explore this common ground in a spirit of open interdisciplinary dialogue. Leading authorities assess the state of the art to suggest directions for further research, with substantial case studies ranging over a wide variety of topics - from the legitimacy of language norms of lingua franca communication to the recognition of newer post-colonial varieties of English in the online OED. Four regional sections treat the Caribbean (including the diaspora), Africa, the Indian subcontinent, and Australasia and the Pacific Rim. Each section maintains a careful balance between linguistics and literature, and external and indigenous perspectives on issues. The book is the most balanced, complete and up-to-date treatment of the topic to date. |
| future of english language: The Cambridge Handbook of English Historical Linguistics Merja Kytö, Päivi Pahta, 2016-05-03 English historical linguistics is a subfield of linguistics which has developed theories and methods for exploring the history of the English language. This Handbook provides an account of state-of-the-art research on this history. It offers an in-depth survey of materials, methods, and language-theoretical models used to study the long diachrony of English. The frameworks covered include corpus linguistics, historical sociolinguistics, historical pragmatics and manuscript studies, among others. The chapters, by leading experts, examine the interplay of language theory and empirical data throughout, critically assessing the work in the field. Of particular importance are the diverse data sources which have become increasingly available in electronic form, allowing the discipline to develop in new directions. The Handbook offers access to the rich and many-faceted spectrum of work in English historical linguistics, past and present, and will be useful for researchers and students interested in hands-on research on the history of English. |
| future of english language: Spanglish Ilan Stavans, 2004-08-03 With the release of the census figures in 2000, Latino America wasanointed the future driving force of American culture. The emergence of Spanglish as a form of communication is one of the more influential markers of an America gone Latino. Spanish, present on this continent since the fifteenth century, when Iberian explorers sought to colonize territories in what are now Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and California, has become ubiquitous in the last few decades. The nation's unofficial second language, it is highly visible on several 24-hour TV networks and on more than 200 radio stations across the country. But Spanish north of the Rio Grande has not spread in its pure Iberian form. On the contrary, a signature of the brewing Latin Fever that has swept the United States since the mid-1980s is the astonishing creative linguistic amalgam of tongues used by people of Hispanic descent, not only in major cities but in rural areas as well -- neither Spanish nor English, but a hybrid, known only as Spanglish. |
std::future - cppreference.com
Mar 12, 2024 · The class template std::future provides a mechanism to access the result of asynchronous operations: . An asynchronous operation (created via std::async, …
std::async - cppreference.com
Oct 28, 2024 · Lazy evaluation is performed: . The first call to a non-timed wait function on the std::future that std::async returned to the caller will evaluate INVOKE (std:: move (g), std:: …
std::future::get - cppreference.com
Feb 22, 2024 · The get member function waits (by calling wait()) until the shared state is ready, then retrieves the value stored in the shared state (if any).
std::future:: wait_for - Reference
Aug 27, 2021 · If the future is the result of a call to std::async that used lazy evaluation, this function returns immediately without waiting. This function may block for longer than …
How to suppress Pandas Future warning? - Stack Overflow
When I run the program, Pandas gives 'Future warning' like below every time. D:\Python\lib\site-packages\pandas\core\frame.py:3581: FutureWarning: rename with inplace=True will return …
std::future::wait - cppreference.com
Aug 27, 2021 · atomic_compare_exchange_weak atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit atomic_compare_exchange_strong atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit
Mockito is currently self-attaching to enable the inline-mock …
Dec 13, 2024 · I get this warning while testing in Spring Boot: Mockito is currently self-attaching to enable the inline-mock-maker. This will no longer work in future releases of the JDK. Please …
python - ERROR: Failed to build installable wheels for some …
Jul 2, 2024 · I am trying to install Pyrebase to my NewLoginApp Project using PyCharm IDE and Python. I checked and upgraded the version of the software and I selected the project as my …
std::thread - cppreference.com
Oct 24, 2023 · The class thread represents a single thread of execution.Threads allow multiple functions to execute concurrently.
Public Roadmap for Fortnite Creators - Announcements - Epic …
Aug 30, 2023 · Hi all, Check out the first iteration of the public roadmap for Fortnite creators, which includes upcoming features for UEFN, the Fortnite Creative toolset, Discover, and more! …
Language Trends 2022 - British Council
was introduced in 2010 and encourages all pupils to study a GCSE1 in English language, English literature, mathematics, the sciences, a language (ancient or modern) and geography or history. …
THE ENGLISH TENSES PRACTICAL GRAMMAR GUIDE
their uses often arises from native English speakers’ ability to bend the rules of the language. In many cases the rules give way to general patterns, which can be difficult to master – this book is …
Taglish: A Future Filipino-English Creole? - Western …
English are smarter and better, more and more Filipinos are favoring English over their native dialect. In fact, according to the 2016 census, out of 103.7 million population, there are roughly …
Professional vision of future English language teachers: …
41 Professional vision of future English language teachers: subject-specific noticing and knowledge-based reasoning Klára Uličná Professional vision is a concept which describes seeing ...
The emotional intelligence development of future English …
development for future English language teachers is based on the provisions of the emotional-conceptual approach which includes three stages of teaching: nomination, description and …
Future: English for Results, Level 3 Correlated to English …
English Proficiency Standards for Adult Education Level 3 Future, Level 3 Student Edition CCR Standards ELP Standard 1 An ELL can… construct meaning from oral presentations and literary …
The Past and Future of English Language Teaching
English language teaching and learning; Grammar-based; Alternative; Communicative approach; Critical; Prospect; Post methods era in china . Abstract: This paper focuses on the development …
PEARSON ELT - Future - English For Results
Future: English for Results is a six-level, multi-skill course correlated to state and national standards. It helps students acquire essential language and 21st-century soft skills and equips …
ENGLISH VOICE AND ITS PROSODIC CHARACTERISTICS …
The participants were 60 students – future English language and literature teachers – who agreed to take part in the research. Data analysis tools comprise pedagogical observation, questionnaires, …
Unit 8 - Future tenses - ESL EXTRA
English Grammar - The Tense System Future Tenses The future is one of the most complex areas of the English language. So many different tenses and ideas can be used with future meanings. The …
Exploring the Implications of ChatGPT for Language Learning …
suggestions for future research on using ChatGPT in language learning in higher education, such as studying the effectiveness of ChatGPT-assisted ... Indonesian Journal of English Language …
My Self-Perspective as Future English Language Teacher …
The preparation of English language teachers to become beacons of global competitiveness necessitates teacher education institutions in the world to put emphasis on the mentoring …
НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ
Bolotnikov S.Y. Formation of linguocultural competence of future english language teachers. Актуальнi питання гуманiтарних наук: міжвуз. зб. наук. пр. молодих вчених ... only in the …
English vocabulary: Talking about the future - lingoda.swiss …
LANGUAGE Beginner A2_1065V_EN English. ... English vocabulary: Talking about the future Author: Lingoda GmbH Subject: In this lesson you will learn words and phrases about the future and …
English grammar: advanced uses of the future - Swiss …
LANGUAGE . Intermediate . B2_2032G_EN . English . www.lingoda.com . 2 . ... Fill in the gaps using either the future continuous or the future perfect. www.lingoda.com 8 Speaking . Tell your …
ENGLISH AS A GLOBAL LANGUAGE: ITS HISTORICAL PAST …
own language, while making use of English. The future of English is pre-dicted to give us a direction to our activities in relation to a possible future of English. Key words: English, global language, …
Issues and Challenges of English Language Teacher-Trainees …
English language teaching and understand their individual teaching capability, professional standard, and to construct new knowledge (Kaldi & Pyrgiotakis, 2009) in order to create ...
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC COMPETENCE …
language linguistically and socially appropriately. However, recent studies highlight to activate such communicative skills among future EFL teachers regardless of their proficiency level of linguistic …
A Set Of Methodological Tools For The Formation Of
selection, future English language teachers INTRODUCTION The current refreshed curriculum is the product of the project aimed at achieving lasting improvement in the standard of English …
Enhancing learner autonomy in ELT through lesson planning in …
authors hope that the current article serves as a guideline for future English language teachers on lesson planning and promotes learner autonomy. 2181-3701/© 2024 in Science LLC.
Future trends and research issues of technology-enhanced …
student-led collaborative planning, and individual planning on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ computer-mediated L2 writing tasks. Kuo, Chu, and Huang (2015) developed an online …
The Future of English as a World Language - David Crystal
The Future of English as a World Language Oavid Crystal debates the future of the English language Imagine we are at the beginning of a new millennium - the last one, that is - YIK. We are in the …
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE …
AND EVALUATION COURSE FOR FUTURE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN TURKEY Çiler Hatipoğlu Introduction the teaching content, methodology and Assessment is one of the …
Navigating Challenges: English Language Education in Rural …
on determining the alignment and complementarity of pre-service teacher education for future English language educators and actual secondary teaching practice in Indonesia. In addition, in …
English (ENG) - Saint Joseph's University Academic Catalog
Attributes: English Area 4- British/Irish, GEP Art/Literature, Non-Western Studies (GEP), Undergraduate ENG 203 English Grammar (3 credits) To prepare current and future English …
Building Professional Competences of English Language …
teaching linguists, future foreign language teachers. The competence approach to the professional education of future teachers allows assigning the spectrum of abilities, the graduate of this …
Impact of English Proficiency on Academic Performance of
between English language proficiency and academic achievement of international students in U.S. institutions of higher education (Wongtrirat, 2010). The studies reviewed were conducted …
English language education in the era of generative
Currently the education community has more questions than answers about the impact and use of generative AI (genAI hereafter). This paper follows on from the Cambridge University Press & …
Distance education in Kazakhstan: Enhancing digital …
Therefore, it is crucial that future English language teachers are equipped with the necessary digital proficiency to integrate technology into their teaching practices, addressing the evolving needs …
Current status and research trend of English language
It will present current research status, topics, and future directions in English language assessment. Compared with traditional content-based analysis, bibliometric analysis based on large-scale …
The future of English in global higher education: Shifting …
historical changes in English language education around the world, then discuss the current trends in terms of the way English is positioned in higher education. From this historic standpoint, it will …
English Grammar: Review of all future tenses - Swiss …
LANGUAGE . Intermediate . B2_3045G_EN . English . www.lingoda.com . 2 . ... Simple and continuous future tenses allow you to talk about what will happen or to make predictions. You …
SMART LEARNING OF FUTURE ENGLISH LANGUAGE …
Smart Learning of Future English Language Teachers .. 91 However, the author of the paper suggests a blended learning approach as some interaction, even if it is a distance interaction, of …
English language and pedagogical competency of - Frontiers
challenges. TEIs also play a critical role in preparing future English teachers by integrating language pedagogy with effective teaching strategies, providing practical experience, fostering reflective …
“Inspired to be a teacher seriously”: An autoethnography of …
2017). These foundational elements are critical for equipping future English language teachers with the tools to navigate the complexities of language instruction in diverse educational settings. …
Does the future of English language assessment start with AI?
the exact level of English you need. Individual scores Candidates receive a Cambridge English Scale score for each of the four skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking) and Use of English. With …
SUMMATIVE EVALUATION OF AN ENGLISH LANGUAGE …
issue of future language teachers‟ preparation in the field of foreign language testing and evaluation has been a hotly debated topic in the field of education in the recent years (Brindley 2001; …
English Language Arts Updates - sparchives.gadoe.org
8 Richard Woods, Georgia’s School Superintendent| Georgia Department of Education | Educating Georgia’s Future Using the Six Ts to Engage Our Most Reluctant Learners Cris Tovani Part I: …
UNIT I ENGLISH IN INDIA PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
ENGLISH IN INDIA – PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE English, the much loved and hated surrogate child of the British rule in India, has managed to ... However, the role of English as a utility …
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING IN PHILOLOGICAL HIGHER …
The development of the English language communicative competence in the future teachers is a complex, plural-motivated process, which uses diverse cognitive and metacognitive resources. …
Exploring Pre-service Teachers’ Beliefs about English …
teaching motivation and identity as a future English language teacher. Just as self-evaluation makes language learners more aware of their ... (SAT) for English language teachers, Borg and Edmett …
A FOREIGN LANGUAGE OR THE SECOND LANGUAGE: THE …
A FOREIGN LANGUAGE OR THE SECOND LANGUAGE: THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH IN BANGLADESH Rowshon Ara Eastern university, Bangladesh Email: rowson@easternuni.edu.bd DOI: …
Artificial intelligence and English language teaching: …
10 Artificial intelligence and English language teaching: Preparing for the future widely regarded as leading the AI superpowers – accounted for only 9.4 per cent in the same period.
English Language Fellow Program - U.S. Embassy in Mongolia
teach English to future English language teachers iii. observe classes b) Professional Development i. offer workshops to colleagues at their host institutions and to teachers of English in the …
Blueprint for Maryland’s Future: English Learner (EL) …
English Language Arts and Science are taught in English Students are chosen to participate by applying to a lottery in the school. Only in-boundary are ... Blueprint for Maryland s Future: …
The Complete List of English Verb Tenses - Espresso English
Future Continuous Use the future continuous tense in English… For actions that will be in progress at a time in the future: Don’t call me at 6, because I’ll be driving home from work. At 10:30 …
World English: Past, Present, Future David Crystal University …
figures should not be missed. The population growth in areas where English is a second language is about three times that in areas where it is a first language. This means that second-language …
Effective Instruction for English Learners - JSTOR
Number of English Language Learners (ELL) by State, 2007-08 English learners, another group of English learners, are mainly U.S. -born but lack ... 106 THE FUTURE OF CHILDREN situation, …
