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| gas to liquid process chemistry: Gas-Liquid And Liquid-Liquid Separators Maurice Stewart, Ken Arnold, 2008-10-02 Gas-Liquid And Liquid-Liquid Separators is practical guide designed to help engineers and operators develop a ?feel? for selection, specification, operating parameters, and trouble-shooting separators; form an understanding of the uncertainties and assumptions inherent in operating the equipment. The goal is to help familiarize operators with the knowledge and tools required to understand design flaws and solve everyday operational problems for types of separators. Gas-Liquid And Liquid-Liquid Separators is divided into six parts: Part one and two covers fundamentals such as: physical properties, phase behaviour and calculations. Part three through five is dedicated to topics such as: separator construction, factors affecting separation, vessel operation, and separator operation considerations. Part six is devoted to the ASME codes governing wall thickness determination of vessel weight fabrication, inspection, alteration and repair of separators - 500 illustrations - Easy to understand calculations methods - Guide for protecting downstream equipment - Helps reduce the loss of expensive intermediate ends - Helps increase product purity |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Biodiesel Science and Technology Jan C.J. Bart, N Palmeri, Stefano Cavallaro, 2010-02-19 Biodiesel production is a rapidly advancing field worldwide, with biodiesel fuel increasingly being used in compression ignition (diesel) engines. Biodiesel has been extensively studied and utilised in developed countries, and it is increasingly being introduced in developing countries, especially in regions with high potential for sustainable biodiesel production.Initial sections systematically review feedstock resources and vegetable oil formulations, including the economics of vegetable oil conversion to diesel fuel, with additional coverage of emerging energy crops for biodiesel production. Further sections review the transesterification process, including chemical (catalysis) and biochemical (biocatalysis) processes, with extended coverage of industrial process technology and control methods, and standards for biodiesel fuel quality assurance. Final chapters cover the sustainability, performance and environmental issues of biodiesel production, as well as routes to improve glycerol by-product usage and the development of next-generation products.Biodiesel science and technology: From soil to oil provides a comprehensive reference to fuel engineers, researchers and academics on the technological developments involved in improving biodiesel quality and production capacity that are crucial to the future of the industry. - Evaluates biodiesel as a renewable energy source and documents global biodiesel development - The outlook for biodiesel science and technology is presented exploring the challenges faced by the global diesel industry - Reviews feedstock resources and vegetable oil formation including emerging crops and the agronomic potential of underexploited oil crops |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: The Properties of Gases and Liquids 5E Bruce E. Poling, John M. Prausnitz, John P. O'Connell, 2000-11-27 Must-have reference for processes involving liquids, gases, and mixtures Reap the time-saving, mistake-avoiding benefits enjoyed by thousands of chemical and process design engineers, research scientists, and educators. Properties of Gases and Liquids, Fifth Edition, is an all-inclusive, critical survey of the most reliable estimating methods in use today --now completely rewritten and reorganized by Bruce Poling, John Prausnitz, and John O’Connell to reflect every late-breaking development. You get on-the-spot information for estimating both physical and thermodynamic properties in the absence of experimental data with this property data bank of 600+ compound constants. Bridge the gap between theory and practice with this trusted, irreplaceable, and expert-authored expert guide -- the only book that includes a critical analysis of existing methods as well as hands-on practical recommendations. Areas covered include pure component constants; thermodynamic properties of ideal gases, pure components and mixtures; pressure-volume-temperature relationships; vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of pure fluids; fluid phase equilibria in multicomponent systems; viscosity; thermal conductivity;diffusion coefficients; and surface tension. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes Sami Matar Ph.D., Lewis F. Hatch Ph.D., 2001-07-26 In Chemistry of Petrochemical Processes, readers find a handy and valuable source of information containing insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis. The book reviews and describes the reactions and processes involved in transforming petroleum-based hydrocarbons into the chemicals that form the basis of the multi-billion dollar petrochemical industry. In addition, the book includes information on new process developments for the production of raw materials and intermediates for petrochemicals that have surfaced since the book's first edition. - Provides a quick understanding of the chemical reactions associated with oil and gas processing - Contains insights into petrochemical reactions and products, process technology, and polymer synthesis |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Natural Gas Conversion V A. Parmaliana, D. Sanfilippo, F. Frusteri, A. Vaccari, F. Arena, 1998-09-17 On January 1988, the ascertained and economically accessible reserves of Natural Gas (NG) amounted to over 144,000 billion cubic meters worldwide, corresponding to 124 billion tons of oil equivalents (comparable with the liquid oil reserves, which are estimated to be 138 billion TOE). It is hypothesized that the volume of NG reserve will continue to grow at the same rate of the last decade. Forecasts on production indicate a potential increase from about 2,000 billion cubic meters in 1990 to not more than 3,300 billion cubic meters in 2010, even in a high economic development scenario. NG consumption represents only one half of oil: 1.9 billion TOE/y as compared to 3.5 of oil. Consequently, in the future gas will exceed oil as a carbon atom source. In the future the potential for getting energetic vectors or petrochemicals from NG will continue to grow.The topics covered in Natural Gas Conversion V reflect the large global R&D effort to look for new and economic ways of NG exploitation. These range from the direct conversion of methane and light paraffins to the indirect conversion through synthesis gas to fuels and chemicals. Particularly underlined and visible are the technologies already commercially viable.These proceedings prove that mature and technologically feasible processes for natural gas conversion are already available and that new and improved catalytic approaches are currently developing, the validity and feasibility of which will soon be documented. This is an exciting area of modern catalysis, which will certainly open novel and rewarding perspectives for the chemical, energy and petrochemical industries. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Chemistry Bruce Averill, Patricia Eldredge, 2007 Emphasises on contemporary applications and an intuitive problem-solving approach that helps students discover the exciting potential of chemical science. This book incorporates fresh applications from the three major areas of modern research: materials, environmental chemistry, and biological science. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces Jennifer A. Faust, James E. House, 2018-06-04 Physical Chemistry of Gas-Liquid Interfaces, the first volume in the Developments in Physical & Theoretical Chemistry series, addresses the physical chemistry of gas transport and reactions across liquid surfaces. Gas-liquid interfaces are all around us, especially within atmospheric systems such as sea spry aerosols, cloud droplets, and the surface of the ocean. Because the reaction environment at liquid surfaces is completely unlike bulk gas or bulk liquid, chemists must readjust their conceptual framework when entering this field. This book provides the necessary background in thermodynamics and computational and experimental techniques for scientists to obtain a thorough understanding of the physical chemistry of liquid surfaces in complex, real-world environments. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Fischer-Tropsch Technology André Steynberg, Mark Dry, 2004-10-30 Fischer-Tropsch Technology is a unique book for its state-of-the-art approach to Fischer Tropsch (FT) technology. This book provides an explanation of the basic principles and terminology that are required to understand the application of FT technology. It also contains comprehensive references to patents and previous publications. As the first publication to focus on theory and application, it is a contemporary reference source for students studying chemistry and chemical engineering. Researchers and engineers active in the development of FT technology will also find this book an invaluable source of information. * Is the first publication to cover the theory and application for modern Fischer Tropsch technology * Contains comprehensive knowledge on all aspects relevant to the application of Fischer Tropsch technology* No other publication looks at past, present and future applications |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing Saeid Mokhatab, William A. Poe, John Y. Mak, 2018-10-26 Written by an internationally-recognized team of natural gas industry experts, the fourth edition of Handbook of Natural Gas Transmission and Processing is a unique, well-researched, and comprehensive work on the design and operation aspects of natural gas transmission and processing. Six new chapters have been added to include detailed discussion of the thermodynamic and energy efficiency of relevant processes, and recent developments in treating super-rich gas, high CO2 content gas, and high nitrogen content gas with other contaminants. The new material describes technologies for processing today's unconventional gases, providing a fresh approach in solving today's gas processing challenges including greenhouse gas emissions. The updated edition is an excellent platform for gas processors and educators to understand the basic principles and innovative designs necessary to meet today's environmental and sustainability requirement while delivering acceptable project economics. - Covers all technical and operational aspects of natural gas transmission and processing. - Provides pivotal updates on the latest technologies, applications, and solutions. - Helps to understand today's natural gas resources, and the best gas processing technologies. - Offers design optimization and advice on the design and operation of gas plants. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes G.F. Froment, K.C. Waugh, 2001-04-03 Reaction Kinetics and the Development and Operation of Catalytic Processes is a trendsetter. The Keynote Lectures have been authored by top scientists and cover a broad range of topics like fundamental aspects of surface chemistry, in particular dynamics and spillover, the modeling of reaction mechanisms, with special focus on the importance of transient experimentation and the application of kinetics in reactor design. Fundamental and applied kinetic studies are well represented. More than half of these deal with transient kinetics, a new trend made possible by recent sophisticated experimental equipment and the awareness that transient experimentation provides more information and insight into the microphenomena occurring on the catalyst surface than steady state techniques. The trend is not limited to purely kinetic studies since the great majority of the papers dealing with reactors also focus on transients and even deliberate transient operation. It is to be expected that this trend will continue and amplify as the community becomes more aware of the predictive potential of fundamental kinetics when combined with detailed realistic modeling of the reactor operation. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Rutley’s Elements of Mineralogy C.D. Gribble, 2012-12-06 Rutley's elements of mineralogy has been around for a long time, certainly throughout my own lifetime; and if my great grandfather had read geology, it would have been prescribed reading for him too! It has been rewritten and revised frequently since fir~t conceived by Frank Rutley in the late 19th century. Major revisions occurred in 1902, and then in 1914, when H. H. Read first took over the authorship, and thereafter in 1936 and in 1965 when the last major changes occurred. It was with some trepidation that I agreed to attempt this revision. I had been asked to do it by Janet Watson in 1979, but various commitments delayed my start on it until 1984. This 27th edition encompasses a number of changes. Chapters 1-5 have the same headings as before, but considerable changes have been made in all of them, particularly 1, 3, 4 and 5. Comments sought prior to the revision revealed considerable disagreement about the role of blowpipe analyses in the book. I have only once had blowpipe analyses demon strated to me, and have never used them; but there is no doubt that they are employed in many countries, and many of the tests (flame colour, bead, etc. ) are still useful as rapid indicators of which element is present in a mineral. I have therefore kept blowpipe analysis information in Rutley, but have relegated it to an appendix. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Chemistry 2e Paul Flowers, Richard Langely, William R. Robinson, Klaus Hellmut Theopold, 2019-02-14 Chemistry 2e is designed to meet the scope and sequence requirements of the two-semester general chemistry course. The textbook provides an important opportunity for students to learn the core concepts of chemistry and understand how those concepts apply to their lives and the world around them. The book also includes a number of innovative features, including interactive exercises and real-world applications, designed to enhance student learning. The second edition has been revised to incorporate clearer, more current, and more dynamic explanations, while maintaining the same organization as the first edition. Substantial improvements have been made in the figures, illustrations, and example exercises that support the text narrative. Changes made in Chemistry 2e are described in the preface to help instructors transition to the second edition. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Intensification of Liquid–Liquid Processes Laurence R. Weatherley, 2020-04-16 Explore and review novel techniques for intensifying transport and reaction in liquid-liquid and related systems with this essential toolkit. Topics include discussion of the principles of process intensification, the nexus between process intensification and sustainable engineering, and the fundamentals of liquid-liquid contacting, from an expert with over forty-five years' experience in the field. Providing promising directions for investment and for new research in process intensification, in addition to a unique review of the fundamentals of the topic, this book is the perfect guide for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, developers, and research staff in chemical engineering and biochemical engineering. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: On the Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States J. D. Van Der Waals, John Shipley Rowlinson, 2004-01-01 This much-cited thesis by J. D. van der Waals, the recipient of the 1910 Nobel Prize in physics, is accompanied by an introductory essay by J. S. Rowlinson and another work by van der Waals on the theory of liquid mixtures. 1988 edition. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Plasma Chemistry and Catalysis in Gases and Liquids Vasile I. Parvulescu, Monica Magureanu, Petr Lukes, 2013-03-19 Filling the gap for a book that covers not only plasma in gases but also in liquids, this is all set to become the standard reference for this topic. It provides a broad-based overview of plasma-chemical and plasmacatalytic processes generated by electrical discharges in gases, liquids and gas/liquid environments in both fundamental and applied aspects by focusing on their environmental and green applications and also taking into account their practical and economic viability. With the topics addressed by an international group of major experts, this is a must-have for scientists, engineers, students and postdoctoral researchers specializing in this field. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Adsorption, Ion Exchange and Catalysis Stavros G. Poulopoulos, Vassilis J. Inglezakis, 2006-08-23 Adsorption, Ion Exchange and Catalysis is essentially a mixture of environmental science and chemical reactor engineering. More specifically, three important heterogeneous processes, namely, adsorption, ion exchange and catalysis, are analysed, from fundamental kinetics to reactor design with emphasis on their environmental applications. In Chapter 1, the subject of air and water pollution is dealt with. Data about pollutants and emission sources are given and the treatment methods are shortly presented. In Chapter 2, the very basics and historical development of adsorption, ion exchange and catalysis are presented as well as their environmental applications. Chapter 3 is devoted to heterogeneous processes and reactor analysis. All types of reactors are described in depth and reactor modelling, hydraulics and mass/heat transfer phenomena are examined for each type of reactor. Chapters 4 and 5 are dedicated to adsorption & ion exchange and catalysis, respectively. The basic principles are presented including kinetics, equilibrium, mass/heat transfer phenomena as well as the analytical solutions of the reactor models presented in Chapter 3. In the sixth chapter, the subject of scale up is approached. The two Annexes at the end of the book contain physical properties of substances of environmental interest as well as unit conversion tables. Finally, nearly all the examples contained are based on real experimental data found in literature with environmental interest. Most of the examples consider all aspects of operation design – kinetics, hydraulics and mass transfer.* Provides basic knowledge of major environmental problems and connects them to chemical engineering |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Gas Extraction Gerd Brunner, 2013-06-29 Application of compressed gases as solvents has found widespread interest within the scientific community. Its processes have industrial applications. Gas Extraction deals with the possibilities of supercritical gases as solvents for separation processes. The volume combines physico-chemical aspects with chemical engineering methods. The text generalizes as far as possible, and treats examples in detail. Gas Extraction covers, for the first time, the subject in textbook form. Most of the examples provide new results that will be helpful for practicing scientists, engineers, and students who want to make use of the techniques. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Performance Management for the Oil, Gas, and Process Industries Robert Bruce Hey, 2017-04-06 Performance Management for the Oil, Gas, and Process Industries: A Systems Approach is a practical guide on the business cycle and techniques to undertake step, episodic, and breakthrough improvement in performance to optimize operating costs. Like many industries, the oil, gas, and process industries are coming under increasing pressure to cut costs due to ongoing construction of larger, more integrated units, as well as the application of increasingly stringent environmental policies. Focusing on the 'value adder' or 'revenue generator' core system and the company direction statement, this book describes a systems approach which assures significant sustainable improvements in the business and operational performance specific to the oil, gas, and process industries. The book will enable the reader to: utilize best practice principles of good governance for long term performance enhancement; identify the most significant performance indicators for overall business improvement; apply strategies to ensure that targets are met in agreed upon time frames. - Describes a systems approach which assures significant sustainable improvements in the business and operational performance specific to the oil, gas, and process industries - Helps readers set appropriate and realistic short-term/ long-term targets with a pre-built facility health checker - Elucidates the relationship between PSM, OHS, and Asset Integrity with an increased emphasis on behavior-based safety - Discusses specific oil and gas industry issues and examples such as refinery and gas plant performance initiatives and hydrocarbon accounting |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Petroleum and Gas Field Processing H.K. Abdel-Aal, Mohamed Aggour, M.A. Fahim, 2003-07-03 The immediate product extracted from oil and gas wells consists of mixtures of oil, gas, and water that is difficult to transport, requiring a certain amount of field processing. This reference analyzes principles and procedures related to the processing of reservoir fluids for the separation, handling, treatment, and production of quality petroleum oil and gas products. It details strategies in equipment selection and system design, field development and operation, and process simulation and control to increase plant productivity and safety and avoid losses during purification, treatment, storage, and export. Providing guidelines for developing efficient and economical treatment systems, the book features solved design examples that demonstrate the application of developed design equations as well as review problems and exercises of key engineering concepts in petroleum field development and operation. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Review and Evaluation of Alternative Chemical Disposal Technologies National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, Panel on Review and Evaluation of Alternative Chemical Disposal Technologies, 1996-11-15 In 1994 the National Research Council published Recommendations for the Disposal of Chemical Agents and Munitions, which assessed the status of various alternative destruction technologies in comparison to the Army's baseline incineration system. The volume's main finding was that no alternative technology was preferable to incineration but that work should continue on the neutralization technologies under Army consideration. In light of the fact that alternative technologies have evolved since the 1994 study, this new volume evaluates five Army-chosen alternatives to the baseline incineration system for the disposal of the bulk nerve and mustard agent stored in ton containers at Army sites located in Newport, Indiana, and Aberdeen, Maryland, respectively. The committee assessed each technology by conducting site visits to the locations of the technology proponent companies and by meeting with state regulators and citizens of the affected areas. This volume makes recommendations to the Army on which, if any, of the five technologies has reached a level of maturity appropriate for consideration for pilot-scale testing at the two affected sites. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Chemical Micro Process Engineering Volker Hessel, Holger Löwe, Andreas Muller, Gunther Kolb, 2006-03-06 Micro process engineering is approaching both academia and industry. With the provision of micro devices, systems and whole plants by commercial suppliers, one main barrier for using these units has been eliminated. This book focuses on processes and their plants rather than on devices: what is 'before', 'behind' and 'around' micro device fabrication - and gives a comprehensive and detailed overview on the micro-reactor plants and three topic-class applications which are mixing, fuel processing, and catalyst screening. Thus, the book reflects the current level of development from 'micro-reactor design' to 'micro-reactor process design'. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Gas Processing Symposium Farid Benyahia, Fadwa ElJack, 2010-06-29 Advances in Gas Processing: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Gas Processing Symposium 11-1 4 January, 2010, Doha, Qatar, reviews the state of knowledge in gas processing. The contributions are organized around five main themes: (i) environmental sustainability; (ii) natural gas processing technologies; (iii) energy efficiency in operations; (iv) design and safety; and (v) operational excellence. The papers on environmental sustainability cover topics such as the biogasification of waste monoethanolamine; the role of LNG in a carbon constrained world; and sustainable water management. The papers on natural gas processing technologies include the removal of acid gases from natural gas streams via membrane technology and selective control of Fischer-Tropsch synthesis hydrocarbons product distribution. The papers on energy efficiency in operations cover lifted turbulent jet flame in a cross-flow; novel hybrid biomass and coal processes; and the adoption of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The papers on design and safety include studies on the optimal design and operation of a GTL process and efficient design, operating, and control strategies for LNG plants. The papers on operational excellence deal with topics such as chemicals in gas processing; the monitoring and optimization of hydrocarbon separation equipment; and the inhibition of gas hydrate formation.* Provides a state-of-the-art review of gas processing technologies * Covers design, operating tools, and methodologies * Includes case studies and practical applications |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Natural Gas Conversion IV M. de Pontes, R.L. Espinoza, C.P. Nicolaides, J.H. Scholtz, M.S. Scurrell, 1997-03-14 The Fourth International Natural Gas Conversion Symposium was attended by 180 delegates from 25 countries. Representation was evenly balanced between industry and academia. The opening address was delivered by Mr Roy Pithey, Chairman of South Africa's Central Energy Fund, who dealt with the importance and utilisation of natural gas in sub-Saharan Africa. Plenary lectures were presented by Professors E. Iglesia (Catalyst design and selectivity for F-T synthesis) and E.E. Wolf (Oxidative Coupling Methane). A number of keynote addresses were delivered:- Dr T. Fleisch (Amoco) described the use of DME as a transport fuel and the work which has been carried out in this area in collaboration with Haldor Topsoe- Professor L.D. Schmidt (Univ. of Minnesota) explained his work on the direct conversion of methane at high velocities- Dr B. Jager (SASTECH R & D) reported on the recent developments in slurry and fluidized bed F-T reactors as SASOL- Dr J. Rostrup-Nielsen (Haldor Topsoe) discussed the role of catalysis in the conversion of natural gas for power generation.Areas signalled for further research were: direct conversion of methane to intermediate monomers; methanol conversion to higher alcohols; CO/H2 conversion in a commercially viable route to higher alcohols; and CO/H2 conversion to high quality gasoline. It is obvious that such developments would fit into the energy cycle which has moved from wood, to coal, to oil, to gas, and will most probably move to hydrogen. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Analysis, Synthesis and Design of Chemical Processes Richard Turton, Richard C. Bailie, Wallace B. Whiting, Joseph A. Shaeiwitz, 2008-12-24 The Leading Integrated Chemical Process Design Guide: Now with New Problems, New Projects, and More More than ever, effective design is the focal point of sound chemical engineering. Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, Third Edition, presents design as a creative process that integrates both the big picture and the small details–and knows which to stress when, and why. Realistic from start to finish, this book moves readers beyond classroom exercises into open-ended, real-world process problem solving. The authors introduce integrated techniques for every facet of the discipline, from finance to operations, new plant design to existing process optimization. This fully updated Third Edition presents entirely new problems at the end of every chapter. It also adds extensive coverage of batch process design, including realistic examples of equipment sizing for batch sequencing; batch scheduling for multi-product plants; improving production via intermediate storage and parallel equipment; and new optimization techniques specifically for batch processes. Coverage includes Conceptualizing and analyzing chemical processes: flow diagrams, tracing, process conditions, and more Chemical process economics: analyzing capital and manufacturing costs, and predicting or assessing profitability Synthesizing and optimizing chemical processing: experience-based principles, BFD/PFD, simulations, and more Analyzing process performance via I/O models, performance curves, and other tools Process troubleshooting and “debottlenecking” Chemical engineering design and society: ethics, professionalism, health, safety, and new “green engineering” techniques Participating successfully in chemical engineering design teams Analysis, Synthesis, and Design of Chemical Processes, Third Edition, draws on nearly 35 years of innovative chemical engineering instruction at West Virginia University. It includes suggested curricula for both single-semester and year-long design courses; case studies and design projects with practical applications; and appendixes with current equipment cost data and preliminary design information for eleven chemical processes–including seven brand new to this edition. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Oil and Gas Production Handbook: An Introduction to Oil and Gas Production Havard Devold, 2013 |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Methane Conversion D.M. Bibby, C.D. Chang, S. Yurchak, R.F. Howe, 1988-03-01 This proceedings volume comprises the invited plenary lectures, contributed and poster papers presented at a symposium organised to mark the successful inauguration of the world's first commercial plant for production of gasoline from natural gas, based on the Mobil methanol-to-gasoline process. The objectives of the Symposium were to present both fundamental research and engineering aspects of the development and commercialization of gas-to-gasoline processes. These include steam reforming, methanol synthesis and methanol-to-gasoline. Possible alternative processes e.g. MOGD, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of hydrocarbons, and the direct conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons were also considered.The papers in this volume provide a valuable and extremely wide-ranging overview of current research into the various options for natural gas conversion, giving a detailed description of the gas-to-gasoline process and plant. Together, they represent a unique combination of fundamental surface chemistry catalyst characterization, reaction chemistry and engineering scale-up and commercialization. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Packed Bed Columns Nikolai Kolev, 2006-08-08 Packed bed columns are largely employed for absorption, desorption, rectification and direct heat transfer processes in chemical and food industry, environmental protection and also processes in thermal power stations like water purification, flue gas heat utilization and SO2 removal. These Separation processes, are estimated to account for 40%-70% of capital and operating costs in process industry. Packed bed columns are widely employed in this area. Their usage also for direct heat transfer between gas and liquid, enlarge their importance. They are the best apparatuses, from thermodynamical point of view, for mass and heat transfer processes between gas and liquid phase. Their wide spreading is due to low capital investments and operating costs. Since 1995 there has not been published a specialised book in this area, and this is a period of quick development of packed columns. Packed Bed Columns reflects the state of this field including the author's experience on creating and investigating of new packings, column internals and industrial columns. - Considers the theories of mass transfer processes and shows how they help the construction of highly effective packings - Complete information about the performance characteristics of different modern types of highly effective packings - Considers the models for calculation and areas of their application |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Beyond the Molecular Frontier National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Chemical Sciences and Technology, Committee on Challenges for the Chemical Sciences in the 21st Century, 2003-03-19 Chemistry and chemical engineering have changed significantly in the last decade. They have broadened their scopeâ€into biology, nanotechnology, materials science, computation, and advanced methods of process systems engineering and controlâ€so much that the programs in most chemistry and chemical engineering departments now barely resemble the classical notion of chemistry. Beyond the Molecular Frontier brings together research, discovery, and invention across the entire spectrum of the chemical sciencesâ€from fundamental, molecular-level chemistry to large-scale chemical processing technology. This reflects the way the field has evolved, the synergy at universities between research and education in chemistry and chemical engineering, and the way chemists and chemical engineers work together in industry. The astonishing developments in science and engineering during the 20th century have made it possible to dream of new goals that might previously have been considered unthinkable. This book identifies the key opportunities and challenges for the chemical sciences, from basic research to societal needs and from terrorism defense to environmental protection, and it looks at the ways in which chemists and chemical engineers can work together to contribute to an improved future. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Coal Gasification and Its Applications David A. Bell, Brian F. Towler, Maohong Fan, 2010-12-08 Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes.This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes.The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books.• Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes • Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes • Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products • Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books - Provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of the coal conversion processes - Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes - Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design JohnJ. McKettaJr, 2017-11-22 Written by engineers for engineers (with over 150 International Editorial Advisory Board members),this highly lauded resource provides up-to-the-minute information on the chemical processes, methods, practices, products, and standards in the chemical, and related, industries. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: The Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis Robert Bernard Anderson, Herbert Kölbel, Miloš Rálek, 1984 |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Natural Gas James G. Speight, 2018-11-26 Natural Gas: A Basic Handbook, Second Edition provides the reader with a quick and accessible introduction to a fuel source/industry that is transforming the energy sector. Written at an introductory level, but still appropriate for engineers and other technical readers, this book provides an overview of natural gas as a fuel source, including its origins, properties and composition. Discussions include the production of natural gas from traditional and unconventional sources, the downstream aspects of the natural gas industry. including processing, storage, and transportation, and environmental issues and emission controls strategies. This book presents an ideal resource on the topic for engineers new to natural gas, for advisors and consultants in the natural gas industry, and for technical readers interested in learning more about this clean burning fuel source and how it is shaping the energy industry. - Updated to include newer sources like shale gas - Includes new discussions on natural gas hydrates and flow assurance - Covers environmental issues - Contain expanded coverage of liquefied natural gas (LNG) |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Process Analysis and Simulation in Chemical Engineering Iván Darío Gil Chaves, Javier Ricardo Guevara López, José Luis García Zapata, Alexander Leguizamón Robayo, Gerardo Rodríguez Niño, 2015-11-27 This book offers a comprehensive coverage of process simulation and flowsheeting, useful for undergraduate students of Chemical Engineering and Process Engineering as theoretical and practical support in Process Design, Process Simulation, Process Engineering, Plant Design, and Process Control courses. The main concepts related to process simulation and application tools are presented and discussed in the framework of typical problems found in engineering design. The topics presented in the chapters are organized in an inductive way, starting from the more simplistic simulations up to some complex problems. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation, Second Edition Roland N. Pittman, 2016-08-18 This presentation describes various aspects of the regulation of tissue oxygenation, including the roles of the circulatory system, respiratory system, and blood, the carrier of oxygen within these components of the cardiorespiratory system. The respiratory system takes oxygen from the atmosphere and transports it by diffusion from the air in the alveoli to the blood flowing through the pulmonary capillaries. The cardiovascular system then moves the oxygenated blood from the heart to the microcirculation of the various organs by convection, where oxygen is released from hemoglobin in the red blood cells and moves to the parenchymal cells of each tissue by diffusion. Oxygen that has diffused into cells is then utilized in the mitochondria to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of all cells. The mitochondria are able to produce ATP until the oxygen tension or PO2 on the cell surface falls to a critical level of about 4–5 mm Hg. Thus, in order to meet the energetic needs of cells, it is important to maintain a continuous supply of oxygen to the mitochondria at or above the critical PO2 . In order to accomplish this desired outcome, the cardiorespiratory system, including the blood, must be capable of regulation to ensure survival of all tissues under a wide range of circumstances. The purpose of this presentation is to provide basic information about the operation and regulation of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as the properties of the blood and parenchymal cells, so that a fundamental understanding of the regulation of tissue oxygenation is achieved. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes Nayef Ghasem, Redhouane Henda, 2014-11-10 Principles of Chemical Engineering Processes: Material and Energy Balances introduces the basic principles and calculation techniques used in the field of chemical engineering, providing a solid understanding of the fundamentals of the application of material and energy balances. Packed with illustrative examples and case studies, this book: Discusses problems in material and energy balances related to chemical reactors Explains the concepts of dimensions, units, psychrometry, steam properties, and conservation of mass and energy Demonstrates how MATLAB® and Simulink® can be used to solve complicated problems of material and energy balances Shows how to solve steady-state and transient mass and energy balance problems involving multiple-unit processes and recycle, bypass, and purge streams Develops quantitative problem-solving skills, specifically the ability to think quantitatively (including numbers and units), the ability to translate words into diagrams and mathematical expressions, the ability to use common sense to interpret vague and ambiguous language in problem statements, and the ability to make judicious use of approximations and reasonable assumptions to simplify problems This Second Edition has been updated based upon feedback from professors and students. It features a new chapter related to single- and multiphase systems and contains additional solved examples and homework problems. Educational software, downloadable exercises, and a solutions manual are available with qualifying course adoption. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Chemical Process Design and Simulation: Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys Applications Juma Haydary, 2019-01-16 A comprehensive and example oriented text for the study of chemical process design and simulation Chemical Process Design and Simulation is an accessible guide that offers information on the most important principles of chemical engineering design and includes illustrative examples of their application that uses simulation software. A comprehensive and practical resource, the text uses both Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys simulation software. The author describes the basic methodologies for computer aided design and offers a description of the basic steps of process simulation in Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys. The text reviews the design and simulation of individual simple unit operations that includes a mathematical model of each unit operation such as reactors, separators, and heat exchangers. The author also explores the design of new plants and simulation of existing plants where conventional chemicals and material mixtures with measurable compositions are used. In addition, to aid in comprehension, solutions to examples of real problems are included. The final section covers plant design and simulation of processes using nonconventional components. This important resource: Includes information on the application of both the Aspen Plus and Aspen Hysys software that enables a comparison of the two software systems Combines the basic theoretical principles of chemical process and design with real-world examples Covers both processes with conventional organic chemicals and processes with more complex materials such as solids, oil blends, polymers and electrolytes Presents examples that are solved using a new version of Aspen software, ASPEN One 9 Written for students and academics in the field of process design, Chemical Process Design and Simulation is a practical and accessible guide to the chemical process design and simulation using proven software. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Chemical Engineering Design Gavin Towler, Ray Sinnott, 2012-01-25 Chemical Engineering Design, Second Edition, deals with the application of chemical engineering principles to the design of chemical processes and equipment. Revised throughout, this edition has been specifically developed for the U.S. market. It provides the latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards. It contains new discussions of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development, and revamp design; extended coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing, and economics; and new chapters on equipment selection, reactor design, and solids handling processes. A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data, and Excel spreadsheet calculations, plus over 150 Patent References for downloading from the companion website. Extensive instructor resources, including 1170 lecture slides and a fully worked solutions manual are available to adopting instructors. This text is designed for chemical and biochemical engineering students (senior undergraduate year, plus appropriate for capstone design courses where taken, plus graduates) and lecturers/tutors, and professionals in industry (chemical process, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical sectors). New to this edition: - Revised organization into Part I: Process Design, and Part II: Plant Design. The broad themes of Part I are flowsheet development, economic analysis, safety and environmental impact and optimization. Part II contains chapters on equipment design and selection that can be used as supplements to a lecture course or as essential references for students or practicing engineers working on design projects. - New discussion of conceptual plant design, flowsheet development and revamp design - Significantly increased coverage of capital cost estimation, process costing and economics - New chapters on equipment selection, reactor design and solids handling processes - New sections on fermentation, adsorption, membrane separations, ion exchange and chromatography - Increased coverage of batch processing, food, pharmaceutical and biological processes - All equipment chapters in Part II revised and updated with current information - Updated throughout for latest US codes and standards, including API, ASME and ISA design codes and ANSI standards - Additional worked examples and homework problems - The most complete and up to date coverage of equipment selection - 108 realistic commercial design projects from diverse industries - A rigorous pedagogy assists learning, with detailed worked examples, end of chapter exercises, plus supporting data and Excel spreadsheet calculations plus over 150 Patent References, for downloading from the companion website - Extensive instructor resources: 1170 lecture slides plus fully worked solutions manual available to adopting instructors |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Natural Gas Conversion VI T.H. Fleisch, Enrique Iglesia, J.J. Spivey, 2001-06-01 This volume contains peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the scientific and technological advances presented at the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Sumposium held in Alaska in June 2001. This symposium continues the tradition of excellence and the status as the premier technical meeting in this area established by previous meetings.The 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is conducted under the overall direction of the Organizing Committee. The Program Committee was responsible for the review, selection, editing of most of the manuscripts included in this volum. A standing International Advisory Board has ensured the effective long-term planning and the continuity and technical excellence of these meetings. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Separation Technologies for the Industries of the Future Panel on Separation Technology for Industrial Reuse and Recycling, Committee on Industrial Technology Assessments, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Materials Advisory Board, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council, 1999-01-22 Separation processesor processes that use physical, chemical, or electrical forces to isolate or concentrate selected constituents of a mixtureare essential to the chemical, petroleum refining, and materials processing industries. In this volume, an expert panel reviews the separation process needs of seven industries and identifies technologies that hold promise for meeting these needs, as well as key technologies that could enable separations. In addition, the book recommends criteria for the selection of separations research projects for the Department of Energy's Office of Industrial Technology. |
| gas to liquid process chemistry: Mass Transfer with Chemical Reaction in Multiphase Systems E. Alper, 2013-11-11 The phenomenon of mass transfer with chemical reaction takes place whenever one phase is brought into contact with one or more other phases not in chemical equilibrium with it. This phenomenon has industrial, biological and physiological importance. In chemical process engineering, it is encountered in both separ ation processes and reaction engineering. In some cases, a chemical reaction may deliberately be employed for speeding up the rate of mass transfer and/or for increasing the capacity of the solvent; in other cases the multiphase reaction system is a part of the process with the specific aim of product formation. Finally, in some cases, for instance distillation with chemical reaction, both objectives are involved. Although the subject is clearly a chemical engineering undertakin~, it requires often a good understanding of other subjects, such as chemistry and fluid mechanics etc., leading to publications in diversified areas. On the other har.d, the subject has always been a major field and one of the most fruitful for chemical engineers. |
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