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| equal in sign language: Monastic Sign Languages Jean Umiker-Sebeok, Thomas A. Sebeok, 2011-08-02 |
| equal in sign language: Sign Languages of the World Julie Bakken Jepsen, Goedele De Clerck, Sam Lutalo-Kiingi, William B. McGregor, 2015-10-16 Although a number of edited collections deal with either the languages of the world or the languages of particular regions or genetic families, only a few cover sign languages or even include a substantial amount of information on them. This handbook provides information on some 38 sign languages, including basic facts about each of the languages, structural aspects, history and culture of the Deaf communities, and history of research. This information will be of interest not just to general audiences, including those who are deaf, but also to linguists and students of linguistics. By providing information on sign languages in a manner accessible to a less specialist audience, this volume fills an important gap in the literature. |
| equal in sign language: Sign Language Jim G. Kyle, James Kyle, Bencie Woll, 1988-02-26 The discovery of the importance of sign language in the deaf community is very recent indeed. This book provides a study of the communication and culture of deaf people, and particularly of the deaf community in Britain. The authors' principal aim is to inform educators, psychologists, linguists and professionals working with deaf people about the rich language the deaf have developed for themselves - a language of movement and space, of the hands and of the eyes, of abstract communication as well as iconic story telling. The first chapters of the book discuss the history of sign language use, its social aspects and the issues surrounding the language acquisition of deaf children (BSL) follows, and the authors also consider how the signs come into existence, change over time and alter their meanings, and how BSL compares and contrasts with spoken languages and other signed languages. Subsequent chapters examine sign language learning from a psychological perspective and other cognitive issues. The book concludes with a consideration of the applications of sign language research, particularly in the contentious field of education. There is still much to be discovered about sign language and the deaf community, but the authors have succeeded in providing an extensive framework on which other researchers can build, from which professionals can develop a coherent practice for their work with deaf people, and from which hearing parents of deaf children can draw the confidence to understand their children's world. |
| equal in sign language: Simultaneous Interpreting from a Signed Language into a Spoken Language Jihong Wang, 2021-05-27 This book examines conference-level simultaneous interpreting from a signed language into a spoken language, drawing on Auslan (Australian Sign Language)-to-English simultaneous interpretation data to explore the skills, knowledge, strategies, and cognitive abilities needed for effective interpretations in this language direction. As simultaneous interpreting from a spoken language into a signed language is the widely accepted norm within the field of signed language interpreting, to date little has been written on simultaneous interpreting in the other language direction. In an attempt to bridge this gap, Wang conducts microanalysis of an experimental corpus of Auslan-to-English simultaneous interpretations in a mock conference setting to investigate different dimensions of quality assessment, interpreting strategies, cognitive load, and the interpreting process itself. The focus on conference-level simultaneous interpreting not only allows for insights into the impact of signed language variation on the signed-to-spoken language simultaneous interpreting process but also sheds light on the unique demands of conference settings such as the requirement of using a formal register. Acting as a bridge between spoken language interpreting studies and signed language interpreting studies and highlighting implications for future research on simultaneous interpreting of other language combinations (spoken and signed), this book will be of interest to scholars in translation and interpreting studies as well as active practitioners in these fields. |
| equal in sign language: Sign Language of the Deaf I. M. Schlesinger, Lila Namir, 2014-05-10 Sign Language of the Deaf: Psychological, Linguistic, and Sociological Perspectives provides information pertinent to the psychological, educational, social, and linguistic aspects of sign language. This book presents the development in the study of sign language. Organized into four parts encompassing 10 chapters, this book begins with an overview of the fascinating account of sign language acquisition by small children. This text then explores the grammar of sign language and discusses the linguistic status of natural and contrived sign languages. Other chapters consider the many peculiarities of the lexicon and grammar of sign language, and its differences in such respects from oral language. This book discusses as well sign language from the angle of psycholinguistics. The final chapter deals with the educational implications of the use of sign language. This book is a valuable resource for linguists and psycholinguists. Readers who are interested in sign language will also find this book useful. |
| equal in sign language: Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction Ipke Wachsmuth, Timo Sowa, 2003-07-31 This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the International Workshop on Gesture and Sign Languages in Human-Computer Interaction, GW 2001, held in London, UK, in April 2001. The 25 revised full papers and 8 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the post-proceedings. The papers are organized in topical sections on gesture recognition, recognition of sign languages, nature and notations of sign languages, gesture and sign language synthesis, gestural action and interaction, and applications based on gesture control. |
| equal in sign language: The Linguistics of Sign Languages Anne Baker, Beppie van den Bogaerde, Roland Pfau, Trude Schermer, 2016-06-23 How different are sign languages across the world? Are individual signs and signed sentences constructed in the same way across these languages? What are the rules for having a conversation in a sign language? How do children and adults learn a sign language? How are sign languages processed in the brain? These questions and many more are addressed in this introductory book on sign linguistics using examples from more than thirty different sign languages. Comparisons are also made with spoken languages. This book can be used as a self-study book or as a text book for students of sign linguistics. Each chapter concludes with a summary, some test-yourself questions and assignments, as well as a list of recommended texts for further reading. The book is accompanied by a website containing assignments, video clips and links to web resources. |
| equal in sign language: Introducing Sign Language Literature Rachel Sutton-Spence, Michiko Kaneko, 2017-09-16 Introducing Sign Language Literature: Folklore and Creativity is the first textbook dedicated to analyzing and appreciating sign language storytelling, poetry and humour. The authors assume no prior knowledge of sign language or literary studies, introducing readers to a world of visual language creativity in deaf communities. Introducing Sign Language Literature: Folklore and Creativity - Explains in straightforward terms the unique features of this embodied language art form - Draws on an online anthology of over 150 sign language stories, poems and jokes - Suggests ways of analysing and appreciating the rich artistic heritage of deaf communities Watch a short video about the book. |
| equal in sign language: Linguistics of American Sign Language Clayton Valli, Ceil Lucas, 2000 New 4th Edition completely revised and updated with new DVD now available; ISBN 1-56368-283-4. |
| equal in sign language: The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages Ceil Lucas, 2001-10-04 This is an accessible introduction to the major areas of sociolinguistics as they relate to sign languages and deaf communities. Clearly organised, it brings together a team of leading experts in sign linguistics to survey the field, and covers a wide range of topics including variation, multilingualism, bilingualism, language attitudes, discourse analysis, language policy and planning. The book examines how sign languages are distributed around the world; what occurs when they come in contact with spoken and written languages; and how signers use them in a variety of situations. Each chapter introduces the key issues in each area of inquiry and provides a comprehensive review of the literature. The book also includes suggestions for further reading and helpful exercises. The Sociolinguistics of Sign Languages will be welcomed by students in deaf studies, linguistics and interpreter training, as well as spoken language researchers, and researchers and teachers of sign language. |
| equal in sign language: Formational Units in Sign Languages Rachel Channon, Harry van der Hulst, 2011-10-27 Sign languages and spoken languages have an equal capacity to communicate our thoughts. Beyond this, however, while there are many similarities, there are also fascinating differences, caused primarily by the reaction of the human mind to different modalities, but also by some important social differences. The articulators are more visible and use larger muscles with consequent greater effort. It is difficult to visually attend to both a sign and an object at the same time. Iconicity is more systematic and more available in signs. The body, especially the face, plays a much larger role in sign. Sign languages are more frequently born anew as small groups of deaf people come together in villages or schools. Sign languages often borrow from the written form of the surrounding spoken language, producing fingerspelling alphabets, character signs, and related signs. This book examines the effects of these and other differences using observation, experimentation and theory. The languages examined include Asian, Middle Eastern, European and American sign languages, and language situations include home signers and small village signers, children, gesturers, adult signers, and non-native signers. |
| equal in sign language: Sign Language in Action Jemina Napier, Lorraine Leeson, 2016-01-26 This book defines the notion of applied sign linguistics by drawing on data from projects that have explored sign language in action in various domains. The book gives professionals working with sign languages, signed language teachers and students, research students and their supervisors, authoritative access to current ideas and practice. |
| equal in sign language: Modal and Focus Particles in Sign Languages Annika Herrmann, 2013-12-12 Bringing together the research fields of sign language linguistics and information structure, this bookfocuses onthe realization of modal particles and focus particles in three European sign languages: German Sign Language, Sign Language of the Netherlands, and Irish Sign Language. As a cross-linguistic investigation based on a systematic methodological approach, thestudy analyzes the results particularly with regard to nonmanual features expressed by articulators such as the body, head, and face. The analyses of the data provide interesting insights into the syntax-prosody interface in sign languages and the interaction of syntax and prosody in general. Modal and focus particles have not been thoroughly investigated in sign languages. This volumepresents the first studyon this phenomenonand is thus an innovative contribution to the field. From a methodological and theoretical perspective, it draws onup-to-date linguistic tools and provides professionally elicited and annotated data. The bookaccounts for theresultswithin existing theoretical models. Given its specific focus on nonmanuals, the book contributes to recent debates on information structure and the syntax-prosody interface and will be of special interest to both sign and spoken language linguists. |
| equal in sign language: Foreign Vocabulary in Sign Languages Diane Brentari, 2001-03-01 This book takes a close look at the ways that five sign languages borrow elements from the surrounding, dominant spoken language community where each is situated. It offers careful analyses of semantic, morphosyntactic, and phonological adaption of forms taken from a source language (in this case a spoken language) to a recipient signed language. In addition, the contributions contained in the volume examine the social attitudes and cultural values that play a role in this linguistic process. Since the cultural identity of Deaf communities is manifested most strongly in their sign languages, this topic is of interest for cultural and linguistic reasons. Linguists interested in phonology, morphology, word formation, bilingualism, and linguistic anthropology will find this an interesting set of cases of language contact. Interpreters and sign language teachers will also find a wealth of interesting facts about the sign languages of these diverse Deaf communities. |
| equal in sign language: Lessons and Activities in American Sign Language Brenda E Cartwright, Suellen J Bahleda, 2015-10-09 The challenge for any language learner is how to move from beyond the dictionary to the wideness and variation of everyday use. This new, practical and comprehensive text features a colorful range of information and practice elements to stimulate conceptual vocabulary development and application. Joining Fingerspelling in American Sign Language, Numbering in American Sign Language, and Multiple Meanings in American Sign Language this fourth text in the Yellow Book series is perfect for use with beginning to intermediate American Sign Language students. |
| equal in sign language: Recent Perspectives on American Sign Language Harlan L. Lane, Francois Grosjean, 2017-09-29 Published in 1989, Recent Perspectives on American Sign Language is a valuable contribution to the field of Cognitive Psychology. |
| equal in sign language: Artificial Intelligence Research and Development I. Sanz, R. Ros, J. Nin, 2023-11-09 Artificial intelligence is no longer solely the preserve of computer scientists and researchers; it is now a part of all our lives, and hardly a day goes by without discussion and debate about the implications of its many applications in the mainstream media. This book presents the proceedings of CCIA 2023, the 25th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence, held from 25 - 27 October 2023 in Barcelona, Spain. CCIA serves as an annual forum welcoming participants from around the globe. The theme of the 2023 conference was Supportive AI, the main goals of which are to strengthen collaboration between research and industry by sharing the latest advances in artificial intelligence, and opening discussion about how AI can better support the current needs of industry. A total of 54 submissions were received for the conference, of which the 26 full papers, 18 short papers and 6 abstracts included here were selected after peer review. The papers cover a wide range of topics in Artificial Intelligence, including machine learning, deep learning, social media evaluation, consensus-building, data science, recommender systems, and decision support systems, together with crucial applications of AI in fields such as health, education, disaster response, and the ethical impact of AI on society. The book also includes abstracts of the keynotes delivered by Professor Aida Kamišalić and Dr. Lluis Formiga. Providing a useful overview of some of the latest developments in artificial intelligence, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field. |
| equal in sign language: The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Learning and Cognition Marc Marschark, Harry Knoors, 2020-04-15 In recent years, the intersection of cognitive psychology, developmental psychology, and neuroscience with regard to deaf individuals has received increasing attention from a variety of academic and educational audiences. Both research and pedagogy have addressed questions about whether deaf children learn in the same ways that hearing children learn, how signed languages and spoken languages might affect different aspects of cognition and cognitive development, and the ways in which hearing loss influences how the brain processes and retains information. There are now a number of preliminary answers to these questions, but there has been no single forum in which research into learning and cognition is brought together. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies in Learning and Cognition aims to provide this shared forum, focusing exclusively on learning, cognition, and cognitive development from theoretical, psychological, biological, linguistic, social-emotional, and educational perspectives. Each chapter includes state-of-the-art research conducted and reviewed by international experts in the area. Drawing this research together, this volume allows for a synergy of ideas that possesses the potential to move research, theory, and practice forward. |
| equal in sign language: Intermediate Conversational Sign Language Willard J. Madsen, 1982 This text offers a unique approach to using American Sign Language (ASL) and English in a bilingual setting. Each of the 25 lessons involves sign language conversation using colloqualisms that are prevalent in informal conversations. It also includes practice tests and a glossed alphabetical index. |
| equal in sign language: The Complete Guide to Baby Sign Language Tracey Porpora, 2011 Using a tailored form of American Sign Language (ASL), the book guides parents through the process of teaching an infant to understand beginning sign language. |
| equal in sign language: Metaphor in American Sign Language Phyllis Perrin Wilcox, 2000 As she explains, If the iconic influence that surrounds metaphor is set aside, the results will be greater understanding and interpretations that are less opaque.. |
| equal in sign language: Research Methods in Sign Language Studies Eleni Orfanidou, Bencie Woll, Gary Morgan, 2015-03-16 Research Methods in Sign Language Studies is a landmark work on sign language research, which spans the fields of linguistics, experimental and developmental psychology, brain research, and language assessment. Examines a broad range of topics, including ethical and political issues, key methodologies, and the collection of linguistic, cognitive, neuroscientific, and neuropsychological data Provides tips and recommendations to improve research quality at all levels and encourages readers to approach the field from the perspective of diversity rather than disability Incorporates research on sign languages from Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Africa Brings together top researchers on the subject from around the world, including many who are themselves deaf |
| equal in sign language: Sign Language Ideologies in Practice Annelies Kusters, Mara Green, Erin Moriarty, Kristin Snoddon, 2020-08-10 This book focuses on how sign language ideologies influence, manifest in, and are challenged by communicative practices. Sign languages are minority languages using the visual-gestural and tactile modalities, whose affordances are very different from those of spoken languages using the auditory-oral modality. |
| equal in sign language: The Routledge Handbook of Sign Language Pedagogy Russell S. Rosen, 2019-09-17 The Routledge Handbook of Sign Language Pedagogy is the first reference of its kind, presenting contributions from leading experts in the field of sign language pedagogy. The Handbook fills a significant gap in the growing field of sign language pedagogy, compiling all essential aspects of current trends and empirical research in teaching, curricular design, and assessment in one volume. Each chapter includes historical perspectives, core issues, research approaches, key findings, pedagogical implications, future research direction, and additional references. The Routledge Handbook of Sign Language Pedagogy is an essential reference for sign language teachers, practitioners, and researchers in applied sign linguistics and first, second, and additional language learning. |
| equal in sign language: Universal Grammar and American Sign Language D.C. Lillo-Martin, 1991-09-30 AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE American Sign Language (ASL) is the visual-gestural language used by most of the deaf community in the United States and parts of Canada. On the surface, this language (as all signed languages) seems radically different from the spoken languages which have been used to formulate theories of linguistic princi ples and parameters. However, the position taken in this book is that when the surface effects of modality are stripped away, ASL will be seen to follow many of the patterns proposed as universals for human language. If these theoretical constructs are meant to hold for language in general, then they should hold for natural human language in any modality; and ifASL is such a natural human language, then it too must be accounted for by any adequate theory of Universal Grammar. For this rea son, the study of ASL can be vital for proposed theories of Universal Grammar. Recent work in several theoretical frameworks of syntax as well as phonology have argued that indeed, ASL is such a lan guage. I will assume then, that principles of Universal Gram mar, and principles that derive from it, are applicable to ASL, and in fact that ASL can serve as one of the languages which test Universal Grammar. There is an important distinction to be drawn, however, be tween what is called here 'American Sign Language', and other forms of manual communication. |
| equal in sign language: African Disability Rights Yearbook Volume 4 2016 Charles Ngwena, Ilze Grobbelaar‐du Plessis, Helene Combrinck, Serges Djoyou Kamga, 2016-01-01 About the publication The African Disability Rights Yearbook addresses disability rights within the foundational structure laid down by the inaugural issue. The structure comprises a tripartite division between: articles; country reports; and shorter commentaries on recent regional and sub-regional developments. The African Disability Rights Yearbook aims to advance disability scholarship. Coming in the wake of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, it is the first peer-reviewed journal to focus exclusively on disability as human rights on the African continent. It provides an annual forum for scholarly analysis on issues pertaining to the human rights of persons with disabilities. It is also a source for country-based reports as well as commentaries on recent developments in the field of disability rights in the African region. The African Disability Rights Yearbook publishes peer-reviewed contributions dealing with the rights of persons with disabilities and related topics, with specific relevance to Africa, Africans and scholars of Africa. The Yearbook appears annually under the aegis of the Centre for Human Rights, Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria. The Yearbook is an open access online publication, see www.adry.up.ac.za About the editors: Charles Ngwena is Professor, Department of Constitutional Law and Legal Philosophy, Faculty of Law, University of the Free State, South Africa. Ilze Grobbelaar‐du Plessis is a senior lecturer and holds the degrees BIuris LLB LLM LLD from the University of Pretoria. Helene Combrinck is Associate Professor at the Centre for Disability Law and Policy, University of the Western Cape. Serges Djoyou Kamgais is Senior Lecturer at TMALI (UNISA). Table of Contents Stigma as barrier to the implementation of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in Africa Mark Mostert Realising the inclusion of youth with disabilities in political and public life in Kenya Lucianna Thuo Reading ‘disability’ into the non-discrimination clause of the Nigerian Constitution Ngozi Chuma Umeh Legislative mechanisms for combating violence against children with disabilities in selected African jurisdictions: A critical appraisal Enoch Chilemba My right to know: Developing sexuality education resources for learners with intellectual disability in the Western Cape, South Africa Rebecca Johns Colleen Adnams (Re)thinking sexual access for adolescents with disabilities in South Africa: Balancing rights and protection Paul Chappell The development and use of Sign Language in South African schools: The denial of inclusive education Willene Holness Implementing article 33 of CRPD: Tanzanian approach Abdallah Possi SECTION B: COUNTRY REPORTS Angola Eduardo Kapapelo Gabon Christophe Tchudjo Victorine Maptue Toguem Senegal Abdoulaye Thiam Seydi Ababacar Sy Sow SECTION C: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENTS The jurisprudence of the committee on the rights of persons with disabilities and its implications for Africa Innocentia Mgijima The right to work and employment in Southern Africa: A commentary on how selected employment laws fare against article 27 of the CRPD Dianah Msipa BOOK REVIEW Don Kulick & Jens Rydström Loneliness and its opposite: Sex, disability, and the ethics of engagement (2015) Paul Chappell |
| equal in sign language: Turn-taking, Fingerspelling and Contact in Signed Languages Ceil Lucas, 2002 This volume elucidates several key factors of the signed languages used in select international Deaf communities. Kristin Mulrooney studies ASL users to delve into the reasons behind the perceived differences in how men and women fingerspell. Bruce Sofinski assesses the current state of transliteration from spoken English to manually coded English, disclosing that competent transliterators do not necessarily produce the desired word-for-sign exchange. In the third chapter, Paul Dudis comments upon a remarkable aspect of discourse in ASL-grounded blends. He discusses how signers map particular concepts onto their hands and bodies, which allows them to enrich their narrative strategies. By observing meetings of deaf and nonsigning hearing people in the Flemish Deaf community, Mieke Van Herreweghe determines whether interpreters' turn-taking practices allow for equal participation. And the final chapter features a respected team of Spanish researchers led by Esperanza Morales-Lopez who investigate the Catalan/Spanish bilingual community in Barcelona. These scholars measure the influence of recent worldwide, Deaf sociopolitical movements advocating signed languages on deaf groups already familiar with bilingual education. |
| equal in sign language: Signing the Body Poetic Heidi M. Rose, 2006-12-20 Publisher Description |
| equal in sign language: Sign Language Research Ceil Lucas, 1990 The second international conference on sign language research, hosted by Gallaudet University, yielded critical findings in vital linguistic disciplines -- phonology, morphology, syntax, sociolinguistics, language acquisition and psycholinguistics. Sign Language Research brings together in a fully synthesized volume the work of 24 of the researchers invited to this important gathering. Scholars from Belgium to India, from Finland to Uganda, and from Japan to the United States, exchanged the latest developments in sign language research worldwide. Now, the results of their findings are in this comprehensive volume complete with illustrations and photographs. |
| equal in sign language: Australian Sign Language (Auslan) Trevor Johnston, Adam Schembri, 2007-01-18 This is first comprehensive introduction to the linguistics of Auslan, the sign language of Australia. Assuming no prior background in language study, it explores each key aspect of the structure of Auslan, providing an accessible overview of its grammar (how sentences are structured), phonology (the building blocks of signs), morphology (the structure of signs), lexicon (vocabulary), semantics (how meaning is created), and discourse (how Auslan is used in context). The authors also discuss a range of myths and misunderstandings about sign languages, provide an insight into the history and development of Auslan, and show how Auslan is related to other sign languages, such as those used in Britain, the USA and New Zealand. Complete with clear illustrations of the signs in use and useful further reading lists, this is an ideal resource for anyone interested in Auslan, as well as those seeking a clear, general introduction to sign language linguistics. |
| equal in sign language: Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Chutiporn Anutariya, |
| equal in sign language: Advanced Research in Technologies, Information, Innovation and Sustainability Teresa Guarda, Filipe Portela, Manuel Filipe Santos, 2021-11-17 This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Conference on Advanced Research in Technologies, Information, Innovation and Sustainability, ARTIIS 2021, held in La Libertad, Ecuador, in November 2021. The 53 full papers and 2 short contributions were carefully reviewed and selected from 155 submissions. The volume covers a variety of topics, such as computer systems organization, software engineering, information storage and retrieval, computing methodologies, artificial intelligence, and others. The papers are logically organized in the following thematic blocks: Computing Solutions; Data Intelligence; Ethics, Security, and Privacy; Sustainability. |
| equal in sign language: Information Structure in Sign Languages Vadim Kimmelman, 2019-02-19 This book presents a first comprehensive overview of existing research on information structure in sign languages. Furthermore, it is combined with novel in-depth studies of Russian Sign Language and Sign Language of the Netherlands. The book discusses how topic, focus, and contrast are marked in the visual modality and what implications this has for theoretical and typological study of information structure. Such issues as syntactic and prosodic markers of information structure and their interactions, relations between different notions of information structure, and grammaticalization of markers of information structure are highlighted. Empirical studies of the two sign languages also showcase different methodologies that are used in such research and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. The book contains a general introduction to the field of information structure and thus can be used by linguists new to the field. |
| equal in sign language: Sign Language Interpreting and Interpreter Education Marc Marschark, Rico Peterson, Elizabeth A. Winston, Patricia Sapere, Carol M. Convertino, Rosemarie Seewagen, Christine Monikowski, 2005-04-14 More the 1.46 million people in the United States have hearing losses in sufficient severity to be considered deaf; another 21 million people have other hearing impairments. For many deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals, sign language and voice interpreting is essential to their participation in educational programs and their access to public and private services. However, there is less than half the number of interpreters needed to meet the demand, interpreting quality is often variable, and there is a considerable lack of knowledge of factors that contribute to successful interpreting. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that a study by the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) found that 70% of the deaf individuals are dissatisfied with interpreting quality. Because recent legislation in the United States and elsewhere has mandated access to educational, employment, and other contexts for deaf individuals and others with hearing disabilities, there is an increasing need for quality sign language interpreting. It is in education, however, that the need is most pressing, particularly because more than 75% of deaf students now attend regular schools (rather than schools for the deaf), where teachers and classmates are unable to sign for themselves. In the more than 100 interpreter training programs in the U.S. alone, there are a variety of educational models, but little empirical information on how to evaluate them or determine their appropriateness in different interpreting and interpreter education-covering what we know, what we do not know, and what we should know. Several volumes have covered interpreting and interpreter education, there are even some published dissertations that have included a single research study, and a few books have attempted to offer methods for professional interpreters or interpreter educators with nods to existing research. This is the first volume that synthesizes existing work and provides a coherent picture of the field as a whole, including evaluation of the extent to which current practices are supported by validating research. It will be the first comprehensive source, suitable as both a reference book and a textbook for interpreter training programs and a variety of courses on bilingual education, psycholinguistics and translation, and cross-linguistic studies. |
| equal in sign language: The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism Marilyn Martin-Jones, Adrian Blackledge, Angela Creese, 2012 The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism provides a comprehensive survey of the field of multilingualism for a global readership, and an overview of the research which situates multilingualism in its social, cultural and political context. The handbook includes an introduction and five sections with thirty two chapters by leading international contributors. The introduction charts the changing landscape of social and ethnographic research on multilingualism (theory, methods and research sites) and it foregrounds key contemporary debates. Chapters are structured around sub-headings such as: early developments, key issues related to theory and method, new research directions. This handbook offers an authoritative guide to shifts over time in thinking about multilingualism as well as providing an overview of the range of contemporary themes, debates and research sites. The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism is the ideal resource for postgraduate students of multilingualism, as well as those studying education and anthropology. |
| equal in sign language: Laboratory Phonology 8 Louis Goldstein, D. H. Whalen, Catherine T. Best, 2006 This collection of papers from Eighth Conference on Laboratory Phonology (held in New Haven, CT) explores what laboratory data that can tell us about the nature of speakers' phonological competence and how they acquire it, and outlines models of the human phonological capacity that can meet the challenge of formalizing that competence. The window on the phonological capacity is broadened by including, for the first time in the Laboratory Phonology series, work on signed languages and papers that explicitly compare signed and spoken phonologies. A major focus, cutting across signed and spoken phonologies, is that phonological competence must include both qualitative (or categorical) and quantitative (or variable) knowledge. Theoretical approaches represented in the collection for accommodating these types of knowledge include modularity, dynamical grammars, and probabilistic grammars. A second major focus is on the acquisition of this knowledge. Here the papers pursue the consequences for acquisition of taking into account the richness and variability of the adult systems that provide input to the child. The final focus is on how phonological knowledge guides speech production. Data and models address the question of how speech gestures interact with one another locally (through articulatory constraints and syllable-level organization) and how they interact with the prosodic structure of an utterance. The twenty-six papers in the collection include invited contributions from Diane Brentari, David Corina, David Perlmutter, D. Robert Ladd, Diamandis Gafos, Marilyn Vihman, Shelley Velleman, Stefanie Shattuck-Hufnagel, and Dani Byrd. |
| equal in sign language: Proceedings of Ninth International Congress on Information and Communication Technology Xin-She Yang, |
| equal in sign language: Multimodality in Language and Speech Systems Björn Granström, D. House, I. Karlsson, 2002-06-30 This book is based on contributions to the Seventh European Summer School on Language and Speech Communication that was held at KTH in Stockholm, Sweden, in July of 1999 under the auspices of the European Language and Speech Network (ELSNET). The topic of the summer school was Multimodality in Language and Speech Systems (MiLaSS). The issue of multimodality in interpersonal, face-to-face communication has been an important research topic for a number of years. With the increasing sophistication of computer-based interactive systems using language and speech, the topic of multimodal interaction has received renewed interest both in terms of human-human interaction and human-machine interaction. Nine lecturers contri buted to the summer school with courses on specialized topics ranging from the technology and science of creating talking faces to human-human communication, which is mediated by computer for the handicapped. Eight of the nine lecturers are represented in this book. The summer school attracted more than 60 participants from Europe, Asia and North America representing not only graduate students but also senior researchers from both academia and industry. |
| equal in sign language: The Study of Signed Languages William C. Stokoe, David F. Armstrong, Michael A. Karchmer, 2002 This text contains papers that were presented at an October 1999 conference at Gallaudet University in honor of the 80th birthday of William C. Stokoe, one of the most influential language scholars of the 20th century. Twenty-two international specialists contribute 12 chapters on the historical con |
| equal in sign language: The Status of Sign Languages in Europe Nina Timmermans, Council of Europe. Committee on the Rehabilitation and Integration of People with Disabilities, 2005-01-01 The present report, based on information provided by member states' governments and by NGOs, gives an overview of the recognition of sign languages in 26 European states. It also summarises policies and programmes which have been developed by member states to ensure sign language users access to their political, social and cultural rights. |
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EQUAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EQUAL is of the same measure, quantity, amount, or number as another. How to use equal in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Equal.
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Equal Symbol (=)
The equals symbol or equal sign is used in mathematics to assert that two expressions have the same value. It is also used in boolean logic as an operator, evaluating true or false based on …
EQUAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EQUAL definition: 1. the same in amount, number, or size: 2. the same in importance and deserving the same…. Learn more.
Equal - definition of equal by The Free Dictionary
equal - make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching; "let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office"; "The company matched the discount policy of its competitors"
equal - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 27, 2025 · In mathematics, this adjective can be used in phrases like "A and B are equal", "A is equal to B", and, less commonly, "A is equal with B". The most common comparative use is …
What does equal mean? - Definitions.net
one not inferior or superior to another; one having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, or other quality or condition; an equal quantity or number; as, "If equals be …
EQUAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Equal, equivalent, tantamount imply a correspondence between two or more things. Equal indicates a correspondence in all respects or in a particular respect: A dime is equal to 10 …
Equal Symbol (=): Unlock its Meaning, Uses and Examples
The equal symbol, denoted as “=,” is a fundamental mathematical symbol representing equality between two expressions. Its meaning is straightforward yet profoundly crucial in mathematics, …
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EQUAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of EQUAL is of the same measure, quantity, amount, or number as another. How to use equal in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Equal.
Equal® Zero Calorie Sweetener & Sugar Substitutes
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Equal Symbol (=)
The equals symbol or equal sign is used in mathematics to assert that two expressions have the same value. It is also used in boolean logic as an operator, evaluating true or false based on …
EQUAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
EQUAL definition: 1. the same in amount, number, or size: 2. the same in importance and deserving the same…. Learn more.
Equal - definition of equal by The Free Dictionary
equal - make equal, uniform, corresponding, or matching; "let's equalize the duties among all employees in this office"; "The company matched the discount policy of its competitors"
equal - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
May 27, 2025 · In mathematics, this adjective can be used in phrases like "A and B are equal", "A is equal to B", and, less commonly, "A is equal with B". The most common comparative use is …
What does equal mean? - Definitions.net
one not inferior or superior to another; one having the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, strength, or other quality or condition; an equal quantity or number; as, "If equals be …
EQUAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Equal, equivalent, tantamount imply a correspondence between two or more things. Equal indicates a correspondence in all respects or in a particular respect: A dime is equal to 10 …
Equal Symbol (=): Unlock its Meaning, Uses and Examples
The equal symbol, denoted as “=,” is a fundamental mathematical symbol representing equality between two expressions. Its meaning is straightforward yet profoundly crucial in mathematics, …
