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| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Estimation Steve McConnell, 2006-02-22 Often referred to as the “black art” because of its complexity and uncertainty, software estimation is not as difficult or puzzling as people think. In fact, generating accurate estimates is straightforward—once you understand the art of creating them. In his highly anticipated book, acclaimed author Steve McConnell unravels the mystery to successful software estimation—distilling academic information and real-world experience into a practical guide for working software professionals. Instead of arcane treatises and rigid modeling techniques, this guide highlights a proven set of procedures, understandable formulas, and heuristics that individuals and development teams can apply to their projects to help achieve estimation proficiency. Discover how to: Estimate schedule and cost—or estimate the functionality that can be delivered within a given time frame Avoid common software estimation mistakes Learn estimation techniques for you, your team, and your organization * Estimate specific project activities—including development, management, and defect correction Apply estimation approaches to any type of project—small or large, agile or traditional Navigate the shark-infested political waters that surround project estimates When many corporate software projects are failing, McConnell shows you what works for successful software estimation. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Estimation Without Guessing George Dinwiddie, 2019-12-19 Estimating software development often produces more angst than value, but it doesn't have to. Identify the needs behind estimate requests and determine how to meet those needs simply and easily. Choose estimation techniques based on current needs and available information, gaining benefit while reducing cost and effort. Detect bad assumptions that might sink your project if you don't adjust your plans. Discover what to do when an estimate is wrong, how to recover, and how to use that knowledge for future planning. Learn to communicate about estimates in a healthy and productive way, maximizing advantage to the organization and minimizing damage to the people. In a world where most developers hate estimation and most managers fear disappointment with the results, there is hope for both. It requires giving up some widely held misconceptions. Let go of the notion that an estimate is an estimate and estimate for the particular need you, and your organization, have. Realize that estimates have a limited shelf-life, and reestimate frequently if it's important. When reality differs from your estimate, don't lament; mine that disappointment for the gold that can be the longer-term jackpot. Estimate in comparison to past experience, by modeling the work mathematically, or a hybrid of both. Learn strategies for effective decomposition of work and aspects of the work that likely affect your estimates. Hedge your bets by comparing the results of different approaches. Find out what to do when an estimate proves wrong. And they will. They're estimates, after all. You'll discover that you can use estimates to warn you of danger so you can take appropriate action in time. Learn some crucial techniques to understand and communicate with those who need to understand. Address both the technical and sociological aspects of estimation, and you'll help your organization achieve its desired goals with less drama and more benefit. What You Need: No software needed, just your past experience and concern for the outcomes. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools & Techniques Murali Chemuturi, 2009-07-15 Almost every software project begins with the utterances, “What will this cost?” and “When will this project be done?” Once those words are spoken, project stakeholders begin to wrestle with how to produce an estimate. Accurately estimating the cost or time to complete a software project is a serious problem for many software engineers, developers and project managers who struggle with costs running double original estimates, putting their careers at risk. It is reported that nearly 50% of all software projects are shelved and that one of the major causes is poor estimation practices. If developing software for internal use, poor estimates can represent a significant drain on corporate profits. Worldwide growth in the number of companies specializing in the development of software for use by other companies is staggering. India alone has nearly 20,000 such companies. Intense competition has led to an increased demand for fixed-bid pricing in client/vendor relationships, and has made effective cost estimation even more important and, in many cases, critical to a firm's survival. There are many methods of estimation. Each method has its strengths and weaknesses, proponents and opponents. Knowing how and which one to use on a given project is key to developing acceptable estimates for either internal or external projects.Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools, & Techniques covers all facets of software estimation. It provides a detailed explanation of the various methods for estimating software size, development effort, cost, and schedule, including a comprehensive explanation of Test Effort Estimation. Emphasizing that software estimation should be based on a well-defined process, it presents software estimation best practices and shows how to avoid common pitfalls. This guide offers direction on which methods are most appropriate for each of the different project types commonly executed in the software development space and criteria for selecting software estimation tools. This comprehensive desk reference explains software estimation from scratch to help the beginner and features advanced techniques for more experienced estimators. It details project scheduling, including resource leveling and the concept of productivity, as applicable to software estimators, demonstrating the many benefits of moving from the current macro-productivity approach to a micro-productivity approach in software estimation. Software Estimation Best Practices, Tools, & Techniques: A Complete Guide for Software Project Estimators caters to the needs of all software project stakeholders, from novice to expert. It provides the valuable guidance needed to estimate the cost and time required to complete software projects within a reasonable margin of error for effective software development. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Project Effort Estimation Adam Trendowicz, Ross Jeffery, 2014-05-07 Software effort estimation is one of the oldest and most important problems in software project management, and thus today there are a large number of models, each with its own unique strengths and weaknesses in general, and even more importantly, in relation to the environment and context in which it is to be applied. Trendowicz and Jeffery present a comprehensive look at the principles of software effort estimation and support software practitioners in systematically selecting and applying the most suitable effort estimation approach. Their book not only presents what approach to take and how to apply and improve it, but also explains why certain approaches should be used in specific project situations. Moreover, it explains popular estimation methods, summarizes estimation best-practices, and provides guidelines for continuously improving estimation capability. Additionally, the book offers invaluable insights into project management in general, discussing issues including project trade-offs, risk assessment, and organizational learning. Overall, the authors deliver an essential reference work for software practitioners responsible for software effort estimation and planning in their daily work and who want to improve their estimation skills. At the same time, for lecturers and students the book can serve as the basis of a course in software processes, software estimation, or project management. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Cost Estimation and Sizing Methods Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, Felicia Wu, Rosalind Lewis, 2005 Recommends an approach to improving the utility and accuracy of software cost estimates by exposing uncertainty (in understanding the project) and reducing the risks associated with developing the estimates. The approach focuses on characteristics of the estimation process (such as which methods and models are most appropriate for a given situation) and the nature of the data used (such as software size), describing symptoms and warning signs of risk in each factor, and risk-mitigation strategies. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Agile Estimating and Planning Mike Cohn, 2005-11-01 Agile Estimating and Planning is the definitive, practical guide to estimating and planning agile projects. In this book, Agile Alliance cofounder Mike Cohn discusses the philosophy of agile estimating and planning and shows you exactly how to get the job done, with real-world examples and case studies. Concepts are clearly illustrated and readers are guided, step by step, toward how to answer the following questions: What will we build? How big will it be? When must it be done? How much can I really complete by then? You will first learn what makes a good plan-and then what makes it agile. Using the techniques in Agile Estimating and Planning, you can stay agile from start to finish, saving time, conserving resources, and accomplishing more. Highlights include: Why conventional prescriptive planning fails and why agile planning works How to estimate feature size using story points and ideal days–and when to use each How and when to re-estimate How to prioritize features using both financial and nonfinancial approaches How to split large features into smaller, more manageable ones How to plan iterations and predict your team's initial rate of progress How to schedule projects that have unusually high uncertainty or schedule-related risk How to estimate projects that will be worked on by multiple teams Agile Estimating and Planning supports any agile, semiagile, or iterative process, including Scrum, XP, Feature-Driven Development, Crystal, Adaptive Software Development, DSDM, Unified Process, and many more. It will be an indispensable resource for every development manager, team leader, and team member. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Measurement and Estimation Linda M. Laird, M. Carol Brennan, 2006-06-05 An effective, quantitative approach for estimating and managing software projects How many people do I need? When will the quality be good enough for commercial sale? Can this really be done in two weeks? Rather than relying on instinct, the authors of Software Measurement and Estimation offer a new, tested approach that includes the quantitative tools, data, and knowledge needed to make sound estimations. The text begins with the foundations of measurement, identifies the appropriate metrics, and then focuses on techniques and tools for estimating the effort needed to reach a given level of quality and performance for a software project. All the factors that impact estimations are thoroughly examined, giving you the tools needed to regularly adjust and improve your estimations to complete a project on time, within budget, and at an expected level of quality. This text includes several features that have proven to be successful in making the material accessible and easy to master: * Simple, straightforward style and logical presentation and organization enables you to build a solid foundation of theory and techniques to tackle complex estimations * Examples, provided throughout the text, illustrate how to use theory to solve real-world problems * Projects, included in each chapter, enable you to apply your newfound knowledge and skills * Techniques for effective communication of quantitative data help you convey your findings and recommendations to peers and management Software Measurement and Estimation: A Practical Approach allows practicing software engineers and managers to better estimate, manage, and effectively communicate the plans and progress of their software projects. With its classroom-tested features, this is an excellent textbook for advanced undergraduate-level and graduate students in computer science and software engineering. An Instructor Support FTP site is available from the Wiley editorial department. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: A Comparison of Effort Estimation Techniques on Software Projects KARL. COX, 2023-06 Effort estimation is a core practice in software projects to help project managers work out the duration and cost of their project. This book compares different industry approaches to effort estimation and explains how to use each in a straightforward way with a real-life case study example so the reader can learn to apply it immediately. The approaches covered here range from more traditional function points to agile story points and Kanban estimation techniques. The reader will also learn how to answer the question all managers dread: How is your project going? with earned value analysis. There are exercises for the reader to apply the approaches with answers and explanations provided. This highly readable book is a valuable, go-to resource for software project managers, teachers of software project management, and students of computer science, information systems and software engineering who will become the project managers of the future. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Handbook of Software Engineering & Knowledge Engineering Shi Kuo Chang, 2002 This is the first handbook to cover comprehensively both software engineering and knowledge engineering -- two important fields that have become interwoven in recent years. Over 60 international experts have contributed to the book. Each chapter has been written in such a way that a practitioner of software engineering and knowledge engineering can easily understand and obtain useful information. Each chapter covers one topic and can be read independently of other chapters, providing both a general survey of the topic and an in-depth exposition of the state of the art. Practitioners will find this handbook useful when looking for solutions to practical problems. Researchers can use it for quick access to the background, current trends and most important references regarding a certain topic.The handbook consists of two volumes. Volume One covers the basic principles and applications of software engineering and knowledge engineering.Volume Two will cover the basic principles and applications of visual and multimedia software engineering, knowledge engineering, data mining for software knowledge, and emerging topics in software engineering and knowledge engineering. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Practical Software Project Estimation: A Toolkit for Estimating Software Development Effort & Duration Peter Hill, International Software Benchmarking Standards Group, 2010-08-29 Product verifiable, defensible, and achievable software estimates Based on data collected by the International Software Benchmarking Standards Group (ISBSG), Practical Software Project Estimation explains how to accurately forecast the size, cost, and schedule of software projects. Get expert advice on generating accurate estimates, minimizing risks, and planning and managing projects. Valuable appendixes provide estimation equations, delivery rate tables, and the ISBSG Repository demographics. Verify project objectives and requirements Determine, validate, and refine software functional size Produce indicative estimates using regression equations Predict effect and duration through comparison and analogy Build estimation frameworks Perform benchmarks using the ISBSG Repository Compare IFPUG, COSMIC, and FiSMA sizing methods Peter Hill is the chief executive officer and a director of the ISBSG. He has been in the information services industry for more than 40 years and has compiled and edited five books for the ISBSG. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Component-Based Systems Kirti Seth, Ashish Seth, Aprna Tripathi, 2020-10-28 Businesses today are faced with a highly competitive market and fast-changing technologies. In order to meet demanding customers’ needs, they rely on high quality software. A new field of study, soft computing techniques, is needed to estimate the efforts invested in component-based software. Component-Based Systems: Estimating Efforts Using Soft Computing Techniques is an important resource that uses computer-based models for estimating efforts of software. It provides an overview of component-based software engineering, while addressing uncertainty involved in effort estimation and expert opinions. This book will also instruct the reader how to develop mathematical models. This book is an excellent source of information for students and researchers to learn soft computing models, their applications in software management, and will help software developers, managers, and those in the industry to apply soft computing techniques to estimate efforts. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Practical Software Estimation M. A. Parthasarathy, 2003-02-25 A clearly written book that is a useful primer for a very complicated set of topics. --Capers Jones, Chief Scientist Emeritus, Software Productivity Research LLC Practical Software Estimation brings together today's most valuable tips, techniques, and best practices for accurately estimating software project efforts, costs, and schedules. Written by a leading expert in the field, it addresses the full spectrum of real-world challenges faced by those who must develop reliable estimates. M. A. Parthasarathy draws on the immense experience of Infosys, one of the world's largest and most respected providers of IT-enabled business solutions, to bring you the only book with detailed guidance on estimating insourced and outsourced software projects, as well as projects that blend both approaches. He demonstrates how to successfully utilize Function Point (FP) methods, the industry's leading estimation model. Then, using real case studies, he systematically identifies pitfalls that can lead to inaccurate estimates--and offers proven solutions. Coverage includes How to estimate all types of software projects, including fresh development, reengineering, and maintenance How to incorporate the impact of core project elements on estimates: scope, environment, experience, and tools FP analysis from start to finish: data and transaction functions, general system characteristics, and more FP methods for any platform or business function Innovative re-estimation methods to track progress How to quote RFPs and prepare contracts: fixed price, time/material, and project execution lifecycle models Alternatives to FP: Delphi, COCOMO II, and COSMIC-FFP How to choose the right estimation tools Practical Software Estimation is the definitive reference for anyone who must estimate software projects accurately: project and IT managers, individual developers, system designers, architects, executives, consultants, and outsourcers alike. List of Figures List of Tables Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Role of Estimation in Software Projects Chapter 3: A Study of Function Point Analysis Chapter 4: Data Functions Chapter 5: Transactional Functions Chapter 6: General System Characteristics Chapter 7: Size, Effort, and Scheduling of Projects Chapter 8: Estimation Flavors Chapter 9: A Sense of Where You Are Chapter 10: Tips, Tricks, and Traps Chapter 11: Insourcing versus Outsourcing Chapter 12: Key Factors in Software Contracts Chapter 13: Project Estimation and Costing Chapter 14: Other Estimation Methods Chapter 15: Estimation Tools Chapter 16: Estimation Case Study Appendix A: Reference Tables: Transaction Function Counts Appendix B: Reference Tables: Data Function Points Bibliography Index |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Code Complete Steve McConnell, 2004-06-09 Widely considered one of the best practical guides to programming, Steve McConnell’s original CODE COMPLETE has been helping developers write better software for more than a decade. Now this classic book has been fully updated and revised with leading-edge practices—and hundreds of new code samples—illustrating the art and science of software construction. Capturing the body of knowledge available from research, academia, and everyday commercial practice, McConnell synthesizes the most effective techniques and must-know principles into clear, pragmatic guidance. No matter what your experience level, development environment, or project size, this book will inform and stimulate your thinking—and help you build the highest quality code. Discover the timeless techniques and strategies that help you: Design for minimum complexity and maximum creativity Reap the benefits of collaborative development Apply defensive programming techniques to reduce and flush out errors Exploit opportunities to refactor—or evolve—code, and do it safely Use construction practices that are right-weight for your project Debug problems quickly and effectively Resolve critical construction issues early and correctly Build quality into the beginning, middle, and end of your project |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Agile Processes, in Software Engineering, and Extreme Programming Helen Sharp, Tracy Hall, 2016-05-14 This book contains the refereed proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Agile Software Development, XP 2016, held in Edinburgh, UK, in May 2016. While agile development has already become mainstream in industry, this field is still constantly evolving and continues to spur an enormous interest both in industry and academia. To this end, the XP conference attracts a large number of software practitioners and researchers, providing a rare opportunity for interaction between the two communities. The 14 full papers accepted for XP 2016 were selected from 42 submissions. Additionally, 11 experience reports (from 25 submissions) 5 empirical studies (out of 12 submitted) and 5 doctoral papers (from 6 papers submitted) were selected, and in each case the authors were shepherded by an experienced researcher. Generally, all of the submitted papers went through a rigorous peer-review process. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Agile Estimation Techniques and Innovative Approaches to Software Process Improvement Colomo-Palacios, Ricardo, 2014-02-28 Applying methodologies of Software Process Improvement (SPI) is an effective way for businesses to remain competitive in the software industry. However, many organizations find implementing software process initiatives challenging. Agile Estimation Techniques and Innovative Approaches to Software Process Improvement reviews current SPI techniques and applications through discussions on current and future trends as well as the presentation of case studies on SPI implementation. Ideal for use by academics, students, and policy-makers, as well as industry professionals and managers, this publication provides a complete overview of current tools and methodologies regarding Software Process Improvement. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Engineering Richard W. Selby, 2007-06-04 This is the most authoritative archive of Barry Boehm's contributions to software engineering. Featuring 42 reprinted articles, along with an introduction and chapter summaries to provide context, it serves as a how-to reference manual for software engineering best practices. It provides convenient access to Boehm's landmark work on product development and management processes. The book concludes with an insightful look to the future by Dr. Boehm. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: A Discipline for Software Engineering Watts S. Humphrey, 1995-09 |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Agile Practice Guide , 2017-09-06 Agile Practice Guide – First Edition has been developed as a resource to understand, evaluate, and use agile and hybrid agile approaches. This practice guide provides guidance on when, where, and how to apply agile approaches and provides practical tools for practitioners and organizations wanting to increase agility. This practice guide is aligned with other PMI standards, including A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide) – Sixth Edition, and was developed as the result of collaboration between the Project Management Institute and the Agile Alliance. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Encyclopedia of Software Engineering John J. Marciniak, 2002 Covering all aspects of engineering for practitioners who design, write, or test computer programs, this updated edition explores all the issues and principles of software design and engineering. With terminology that adheres to the standard set by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the book features over 500 entries in 35 taxonomic areas, as well as biographies of over 100 personalities who have made an impact in the field. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Practice Standard for Project Estimating - Second Edition Project Management Institute, 2020-04-24 Project estimating plays a vital role in project management. Typically completed in the initial planning stages, accurate project estimation can be a difficult task. Organizations and project managers should use these initial estimates to baseline the project schedule and cost, then refine these estimates as the project develops. Accurate estimation and refinement of the estimates leads to better and earlier decision making, thus maximizing value.Developed within the framework of A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK&® Guide) &– Sixth Edition and other PMI standards, the Practice Standard for Project Estimating &– Second Edition focuses on providing models for the project management profession in both plan-driven and change-driven adaptive (agile) life cycles. This practice standard describes the aspects of project estimating that are recognized as good practice on most projects most of the time and that are widely recognized and consistently applied.PMI practice standards describe processes, activities, constraints, inputs, and outputs for specific discipline subject areas and are targeted to all practitioners within projectized organizations, not just project managers. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Building Mobile Apps at Scale Gergely Orosz, 2021-04-06 While there is a lot of appreciation for backend and distributed systems challenges, there tends to be less empathy for why mobile development is hard when done at scale. This book collects challenges engineers face when building iOS and Android apps at scale, and common ways to tackle these. By scale, we mean having numbers of users in the millions and being built by large engineering teams. For mobile engineers, this book is a blueprint for modern app engineering approaches. For non-mobile engineers and managers, it is a resource with which to build empathy and appreciation for the complexity of world-class mobile engineering. The book covers iOS and Android mobile app challenges on these dimensions: Challenges due to the unique nature of mobile applications compared to the web, and to the backend. App complexity challenges. How do you deal with increasingly complicated navigation patterns? What about non-deterministic event combinations? How do you localize across several languages, and how do you scale your automated and manual tests? Challenges due to large engineering teams. The larger the mobile team, the more challenging it becomes to ensure a consistent architecture. If your company builds multiple apps, how do you balance not rewriting everything from scratch while moving at a fast pace, over waiting on centralized teams? Cross-platform approaches. The tooling to build mobile apps keeps changing. New languages, frameworks, and approaches that all promise to address the pain points of mobile engineering keep appearing. But which approach should you choose? Flutter, React Native, Cordova? Native apps? Reuse business logic written in Kotlin, C#, C++ or other languages? What engineering approaches do world-class mobile engineering teams choose in non-functional aspects like code quality, compliance, privacy, compliance, or with experimentation, performance, or app size? |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Tools and Techniques for Software Development in Large Organizations: Emerging Research and Opportunities Pendyala, Vishnu, 2019-12-20 The development of software has expanded substantially in recent years. As these technologies continue to advance, well-known organizations have begun implementing these programs into the ways they conduct business. These large companies play a vital role in the economic environment, so understanding the software that they utilize is pertinent in many aspects. Researching and analyzing the tools that these corporations use will assist in the practice of software engineering and give other organizations an outline of how to successfully implement their own computational methods. Tools and Techniques for Software Development in Large Organizations: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that discusses advanced software methods that prominent companies have adopted to develop high quality products. This book will examine the various devices that organizations such as Google, Cisco, and Facebook have implemented into their production and development processes. Featuring research on topics such as database management, quality assurance, and machine learning, this book is ideally designed for software engineers, data scientists, developers, programmers, professors, researchers, and students seeking coverage on the advancement of software devices in today’s major corporations. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Computational Intelligence Techniques and Their Applications to Software Engineering Problems Ankita Bansal, Abha Jain, Sarika Jain, Vishal Jain, Ankur Choudhary, 2020-09-27 Computational Intelligence Techniques and Their Applications to Software Engineering Problems focuses on computational intelligence approaches as applicable in varied areas of software engineering such as software requirement prioritization, cost estimation, reliability assessment, defect prediction, maintainability and quality prediction, size estimation, vulnerability prediction, test case selection and prioritization, and much more. The concepts of expert systems, case-based reasoning, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, swarm computing, and rough sets are introduced with their applications in software engineering. The field of knowledge discovery is explored using neural networks and data mining techniques by determining the underlying and hidden patterns in software data sets. Aimed at graduate students and researchers in computer science engineering, software engineering, information technology, this book: Covers various aspects of in-depth solutions of software engineering problems using computational intelligence techniques Discusses the latest evolutionary approaches to preliminary theory of different solve optimization problems under software engineering domain Covers heuristic as well as meta-heuristic algorithms designed to provide better and optimized solutions Illustrates applications including software requirement prioritization, software cost estimation, reliability assessment, software defect prediction, and more Highlights swarm intelligence-based optimization solutions for software testing and reliability problems |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Research Anthology on Agile Software, Software Development, and Testing Management Association, Information Resources, 2021-11-26 Software development continues to be an ever-evolving field as organizations require new and innovative programs that can be implemented to make processes more efficient, productive, and cost-effective. Agile practices particularly have shown great benefits for improving the effectiveness of software development and its maintenance due to their ability to adapt to change. It is integral to remain up to date with the most emerging tactics and techniques involved in the development of new and innovative software. The Research Anthology on Agile Software, Software Development, and Testing is a comprehensive resource on the emerging trends of software development and testing. This text discusses the newest developments in agile software and its usage spanning multiple industries. Featuring a collection of insights from diverse authors, this research anthology offers international perspectives on agile software. Covering topics such as global software engineering, knowledge management, and product development, this comprehensive resource is valuable to software developers, software engineers, computer engineers, IT directors, students, managers, faculty, researchers, and academicians. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Cost Estimation Gregory K. Mislick, Daniel A. Nussbaum, 2015-05-04 Presents an accessible approach to the cost estimation tools, concepts, and techniques needed to support analytical and cost decisions Written with an easy-to-understand approach, Cost Estimation: Methods and Tools provides comprehensive coverage of the quantitative techniques needed by professional cost estimators and for those wanting to learn about this vibrant career field. Featuring the underlying mathematical and analytical principles of cost estimation, the book focuses on the tools and methods used to predict the research and development, production, and operating and support costs for successful cost estimation in industrial, business, and manufacturing processes. The book begins with a detailed historical perspective and key terms of the cost estimating field in order to develop the necessary background prior to implementing the presented quantitative methods. The book proceeds to fundamental cost estimation methods utilized in the field of cost estimation, including working with inflation indices, regression analysis, learning curves, analogies, cost factors, and wrap rates. With a step-by-step introduction to the practicality of cost estimation and the available resources for obtaining relevant data, Cost Estimation: Methods and Tools also features: Various cost estimating tools, concepts, and techniques needed to support business decisions Multiple questions at the end of each chapter to help readers obtain a deeper understanding of the discussed methods and techniques An overview of the software used in cost estimation, as well as an introduction to the application of risk and uncertainty analysis A Foreword from Dr. Douglas A. Brook, a professor in the Graduate School of Business and Public Policy at the Naval Postgraduate School, who spent many years working in the Department of Defense acquisition environment Cost Estimation: Methods and Tools is an excellent reference for academics and practitioners in decision science, operations research, operations management, business, and systems and industrial engineering, as well as a useful guide in support of professional cost estimation training and certification courses for practitioners. The book is also appropriate for graduate-level courses in operations research, operations management, engineering economics, and manufacturing and/or production processes. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: A Comparison of Effort Estimation Techniques on Software Projects Karl Cox, 2023-04-05 Effort estimation is a core practice in software projects to help project managers work out the duration and cost of their project. This book compares different industry approaches to effort estimation and explains how to use each in a straightforward way with a real-life case study example so the reader can learn to apply it immediately. The approaches covered here range from more traditional function points to agile story points and Kanban estimation techniques. The reader will also learn how to answer the question all managers dread: “How is your project going?” with earned value analysis. There are exercises for the reader to apply the approaches with answers and explanations provided. This highly readable book is a valuable, go-to resource for software project managers, teachers of software project management, and students of computer science, information systems and software engineering who will become the project managers of the future. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Engineering Economics Barry W. Boehm, 1981 Software Engineering Economics is an invaluable guide to determining software costs, applying the fundamental concepts of microeconomics to software engineering, and utilizing economic analysis in software engineering decision making. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Cost Estimation with Cocomo II Barry W. Boehm, 2000 Don't become a statistic--take control of your software projects and plan for success! Success in all types of organization depends increasingly on the development of customized software solutions, yet more than half of software projects now in the works will exceed both their schedules and their budgets by more than 50%. While some types of overruns remain unpredictable, most can be avoided by sound modeling. COCOMO II provides you with a thorough rework of the classic COCOMO model to address modern software processes and construction techniques along with representative examples of applying the models to key software decision situations. It was calibrated and validated using innovative statistical techniques to fit both expert judgment and 161 carefully collected project data points. The book also introduces emerging COCOMO II extensions for cost and schedule estimation of COTS integration and rapid development. You'll also: Learn firsthand from knowledgeable authors--over 100 person-years of software cost estimation experience Make better software decisions by exploring their cost implications Use the cost and schedule estimates to better plan and control your projects and manage your risks Get started now with the software on the accompanying CD Keep up to date with the authors' Web site Software engineers, managers, and students will all find Software Cost Estimation with COCOMO II an invaluable guide to developing and managing successful software projects on time and under budget. About the CD-ROM The accompanying CD-ROM includes a current copy of COCOMO II, along with demonstration versions of three commercial COCOMO II packages and an extensive documentation suite. All examples from the book are provided live, so you can work them hands on, along with the reading. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Rapid Development Steve McConnell, 1996-07-02 Corporate and commercial software-development teams all want solutions for one important problem—how to get their high-pressure development schedules under control. In RAPID DEVELOPMENT, author Steve McConnell addresses that concern head-on with overall strategies, specific best practices, and valuable tips that help shrink and control development schedules and keep projects moving. Inside, you’ll find: A rapid-development strategy that can be applied to any project and the best practices to make that strategy work Candid discussions of great and not-so-great rapid-development practices—estimation, prototyping, forced overtime, motivation, teamwork, rapid-development languages, risk management, and many others A list of classic mistakes to avoid for rapid-development projects, including creeping requirements, shortchanged quality, and silver-bullet syndrome Case studies that vividly illustrate what can go wrong, what can go right, and how to tell which direction your project is going RAPID DEVELOPMENT is the real-world guide to more efficient applications development. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Applied Software Project Management Andrew Stellman, Jennifer Greene, 2005-11-18 If you're looking for solid, easy-to-follow advice on estimation, requirements gathering, managing change, and more, you can stop now: this is the book for you.--Scott Berkun, Author of The Art of Project Management What makes software projects succeed? It takes more than a good idea and a team of talented programmers. A project manager needs to know how to guide the team through the entire software project. There are common pitfalls that plague all software projects and rookie mistakes that are made repeatedly--sometimes by the same people! Avoiding these pitfalls is not hard, but it is not necessarily intuitive. Luckily, there are tried and true techniques that can help any project manager. In Applied Software Project Management, Andrew Stellman and Jennifer Greene provide you with tools, techniques, and practices that you can use on your own projects right away. This book supplies you with the information you need to diagnose your team's situation and presents practical advice to help you achieve your goal of building better software. Topics include: Planning a software project Helping a team estimate its workload Building a schedule Gathering software requirements and creating use cases Improving programming with refactoring, unit testing, and version control Managing an outsourced project Testing software Jennifer Greene and Andrew Stellman have been building software together since 1998. Andrew comes from a programming background and has managed teams of requirements analysts, designers, and developers. Jennifer has a testing background and has managed teams of architects, developers, and testers. She has led multiple large-scale outsourced projects. Between the two of them, they have managed every aspect of software development. They have worked in a wide range of industries, including finance, telecommunications, media, nonprofit, entertainment, natural-language processing, science, and academia. For more information about them and this book, visit stellman-greene.com |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Righting Software Juval Löwy, 2019-11-27 Right Your Software and Transform Your Career Righting Software presents the proven, structured, and highly engineered approach to software design that renowned architect Juval Löwy has practiced and taught around the world. Although companies of every kind have successfully implemented his original design ideas across hundreds of systems, these insights have never before appeared in print. Based on first principles in software engineering and a comprehensive set of matching tools and techniques, Löwy’s methodology integrates system design and project design. First, he describes the primary area where many software architects fail and shows how to decompose a system into smaller building blocks or services, based on volatility. Next, he shows how to flow an effective project design from the system design; how to accurately calculate the project duration, cost, and risk; and how to devise multiple execution options. The method and principles in Righting Software apply regardless of your project and company size, technology, platform, or industry. Löwy starts the reader on a journey that addresses the critical challenges of software development today by righting software systems and projects as well as careers—and possibly the software industry as a whole. Software professionals, architects, project leads, or managers at any stage of their career will benefit greatly from this book, which provides guidance and knowledge that would otherwise take decades and many projects to acquire. Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Computer Engineering: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications Management Association, Information Resources, 2011-12-31 This reference is a broad, multi-volume collection of the best recent works published under the umbrella of computer engineering, including perspectives on the fundamental aspects, tools and technologies, methods and design, applications, managerial impact, social/behavioral perspectives, critical issues, and emerging trends in the field--Provided by publisher. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment Adam Trendowicz, 2013-01-10 Software effort estimation is a key element of software project planning and management. Yet, in industrial practice, the important role of effort estimation is often underestimated and/or misunderstood. In this book, Adam Trendowicz presents the CoBRA method (an abbreviation for Cost Estimation, Benchmarking, and Risk Assessment) for estimating the effort required to successfully complete a software development project, which uniquely combines human judgment and measurement data in order to systematically create a custom-specific effort estimation model. CoBRA goes far beyond simply predicting the development effort; it supports project decision-makers in negotiating the project scope, managing project risks, benchmarking productivity, and directing improvement activities. To illustrate the method’s practical use, the book reports several real-world cases where CoBRA was applied in various industrial contexts. These cases represent different estimation contexts in terms of software project environment, estimation objectives, and estimation constraints. This book is the result of a successful collaboration between the process management division of Fraunhofer IESE and many software companies in the field of software engineering technology transfer. It mainly addresses software practitioners who deal with planning and managing software development projects as part of their daily work, and is also of interest for students or courses specializing in software engineering or software project management. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Statistical Software Engineering National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, Panel on Statistical Methods in Software Engineering, 1996-03-15 This book identifies challenges and opportunities in the development and implementation of software that contain significant statistical content. While emphasizing the relevance of using rigorous statistical and probabilistic techniques in software engineering contexts, it presents opportunities for further research in the statistical sciences and their applications to software engineering. It is intended to motivate and attract new researchers from statistics and the mathematical sciences to attack relevant and pressing problems in the software engineering setting. It describes the big picture, as this approach provides the context in which statistical methods must be developed. The book's survey nature is directed at the mathematical sciences audience, but software engineers should also find the statistical emphasis refreshing and stimulating. It is hoped that the book will have the effect of seeding the field of statistical software engineering by its indication of opportunities where statistical thinking can help to increase understanding, productivity, and quality of software and software production. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Controlling Software Projects Tom DeMarco, 1982 Controlling Software Projects shows managers how to organize software projects so they are objectively measurable, and prescribes techniques for making early and accurate projections of time and cost to deliver. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Applying Use Cases Geri Schneider, Jason P. Winters, 2001-03-31 Use case analysis is a methodology for defining the outward features of a software system from the user's point of view. Applying Use Cases, Second Edition, offers a clear and practical introduction to this cutting-edge software development technique. Using numerous realistic examples and a detailed case study, you are guided through the application of use case analysis in the development of software systems. This new edition has been updated and expanded to reflect the Unified Modeling Language (UML) version 1.3. It also includes more complex and precise examples, descriptions of the pros and cons of various use case documentation techniques, and discussions on how other modeling approaches relate to use cases. Applying Use Cases, Second Edition, walks you through the software development process, demonstrating how use cases apply to project inception, requirements and risk analysis, system architecture, scheduling, review and testing, and documentation. Key topics include: Identifying use cases and describing actors Writing the flow of events, including basic and alternative paths Reviewing use cases for completeness and correctness Diagramming use cases with activity diagrams and sequence diagrams Incorporating user interface description and data description documents Testing architectural patterns and designs with use cases Applying use cases to project planning, prototyping, and estimating Identifying and diagramming analysis classes from use cases Applying use cases to user guides, test cases, and training material An entire section of the book is devoted to identifying common mistakes and describing their solutions. Also featured is a handy collection of documentation templates and an abbreviated guide to UML notation. You will come away from this book with a solid understanding of use cases, along with the skills you need to put use case analysis to work. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Estimating Software Costs Capers Jones, 2007-05-10 Deliver bug-free software projects on schedule and within budget Get a clear, complete understanding of how to estimate software costs, schedules, and quality using the real-world information contained in this comprehensive volume. Find out how to choose the correct hardware and software tools, develop an appraisal strategy, deploy tests and prototypes, and produce accurate software cost estimates. Plus, you'll get full coverage of cutting-edge estimating approaches using Java, object-oriented methods, and reusable components. Plan for and execute project-, phase-, and activity-level cost estimations Estimate regression, component, integration, and stress tests Compensate for inaccuracies in data collection, calculation, and analysis Assess software deliverables and data complexity Test design principles and operational characteristics using software prototyping Handle configuration change, research, quality control, and documentation costs Capers Jones' work offers a unique contribution to the understanding of the economics of software production. It provides deep insights into why our advances in computing are not matched with corresponding improvements in the software that drives it. This book is absolutely required reading for an understanding of the limitations of our technological advances. --Paul A. Strassmann, former CIO of Xerox, the Department of Defense, and NASA |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Handbook of Research on E-Services in the Public Sector: E-Government Strategies and Advancements Al Ajeeli, Abid Thyab, Al-Bastaki, Yousif A. Latif, 2010-08-31 This book assists its readers in recommending formulation of ICT strategies for e-government implementation and maintenance from the perspective of acknowledging the importance of e-Governance for building institutions to achieve transparency and accountability, and eventually democratic governance--Provided by publisher. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work Martin Brook, 2016-12-08 Estimators need to understand the consequences of entering into a contract, often defined by complex conditions and documents, as well as to appreciate the technical requirements of the project. Estimating and Tendering for Construction Work, 5th edition, explains the job of the estimator through every stage, from early cost studies to the creation of budgets for successful tenders. This new edition reflects recent developments in the field and covers: new tendering and procurement methods the move from basic estimating to cost-planning and the greater emphasis placed on partnering and collaborative working the New Rules of Measurement (NRM1 and 2), and examines ways in which practicing estimators are implementing the guidance emerging technologies such as BIM (Building Information Modelling) and estimating systems which can interact with 3D design models With the majority of projects procured using design-and-build contracts, this edition explains the contractor’s role in setting costs, and design statements, to inform and control the development of a project’s design. Clearly-written and illustrated with examples, notes and technical documentation, this book is ideal for students on construction-related courses at HNC/HND and Degree levels. It is also an important source for associated professions and estimators at the outset of their careers. |
| estimation techniques in software engineering: Software Engineering and Computer Systems, Part I Jasni Mohamad Zain, Wan Maseri Wan Mohd, Eyas El-Qawasmeh, 2011-06-24 This Three-Volume-Set constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Second International Conference on Software Engineering and Computer Systems, ICSECS 2011, held in Kuantan, Malaysia, in June 2011. The 190 revised full papers presented together with invited papers in the three volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from numerous submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on software engineering; network; bioinformatics and e-health; biometrics technologies; Web engineering; neural network; parallel and distributed; e-learning; ontology; image processing; information and data management; engineering; software security; graphics and multimedia; databases; algorithms; signal processing; software design/testing; e- technology; ad hoc networks; social networks; software process modeling; miscellaneous topics in software engineering and computer systems. |
Estimation - Wikipedia
Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate or approximation, which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. The …
Estimation (Introduction) - Math is Fun
After doing some practice, read our page on Estimation Tips and Tricks. Estimating Counts, Lengths and More. Estimation is not always about doing calculations. It is important for you to be able to …
ESTIMATION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ESTIMATION is judgment, opinion. How to use estimation in a sentence.
Estimation | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
estimation, in statistics, any of numerous procedures used to calculate the value of some property of a population from observations of a sample drawn from the population. A point estimate, for …
Estimation in Statistics - GeeksforGeeks
May 8, 2024 · Estimation in statistics involves using sample data to make educated guesses about a population's characteristics, such as mean, variance, or proportion. The population refers to the …
What Is Estimation In Maths? Definition, Examples, Facts
Definition for estimate in math is an approximate value close enough to the correct value. A lot of guesses are made to make math easier and clearer. Estimation is a rough calculation of the …
ESTIMATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ESTIMATION definition: 1. your opinion of someone or something: 2. a guess or calculation about the cost, size, value…. Learn more.
What is estimating? - BBC Bitesize
Estimating means making numbers simpler but keeping their value close to what it was. The result is not exact, but it gives an idea of what the total will be. There are steps which can be...
Estimation in Statistics
Describes the estimation process in statistics. Covers point estimates, interval estimates, confidence intervals, confidence levels, and margin of error.
Estimation | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
An estimation is an approximation of a value. We estimate when we do not need an exact answer but just one that is close enough. Some questions ask us to find the "closest approximation" or …
Estimation - Wikipedia
Estimation (or estimating) is the process of finding an estimate or approximation, which is a value that is usable for some purpose even if input data may be incomplete, uncertain, or unstable. …
Estimation (Introduction) - Math is Fun
After doing some practice, read our page on Estimation Tips and Tricks. Estimating Counts, Lengths and More. Estimation is not always about doing calculations. It is important for you to …
ESTIMATION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ESTIMATION is judgment, opinion. How to use estimation in a sentence.
Estimation | Definition, Examples, & Facts | Britannica
estimation, in statistics, any of numerous procedures used to calculate the value of some property of a population from observations of a sample drawn from the population. A point estimate, for …
Estimation in Statistics - GeeksforGeeks
May 8, 2024 · Estimation in statistics involves using sample data to make educated guesses about a population's characteristics, such as mean, variance, or proportion. The population …
What Is Estimation In Maths? Definition, Examples, Facts
Definition for estimate in math is an approximate value close enough to the correct value. A lot of guesses are made to make math easier and clearer. Estimation is a rough calculation of the …
ESTIMATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ESTIMATION definition: 1. your opinion of someone or something: 2. a guess or calculation about the cost, size, value…. Learn more.
What is estimating? - BBC Bitesize
Estimating means making numbers simpler but keeping their value close to what it was. The result is not exact, but it gives an idea of what the total will be. There are steps which can be...
Estimation in Statistics
Describes the estimation process in statistics. Covers point estimates, interval estimates, confidence intervals, confidence levels, and margin of error.
Estimation | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
An estimation is an approximation of a value. We estimate when we do not need an exact answer but just one that is close enough. Some questions ask us to find the "closest approximation" or …
