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18th Street Gang History: A Comprehensive Examination
Author: Dr. Elena Ramirez, PhD in Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Ramirez has spent over two decades researching Latino gang culture in Los Angeles, publishing extensively on topics including gang violence, social determinants of gang involvement, and community-based interventions. Her work is characterized by rigorous methodology and a commitment to understanding the complex social dynamics fueling gang activity.
Keyword: 18th Street Gang History
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP). OUP is a globally renowned academic publisher with a long history of publishing high-quality, peer-reviewed research across a wide range of disciplines, including criminology and sociology. Their reputation for rigorous editorial processes and scholarly accuracy ensures the credibility of published works.
Editor: Dr. Miguel Alvarez, PhD in Criminology, University of Southern California. Dr. Alvarez specializes in the history and evolution of street gangs in urban environments. His editorial expertise ensures the accuracy and clarity of the presented information.
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive examination of the 18th Street gang's history, tracing its origins, evolution, and impact on communities. It explores the social, economic, and political factors contributing to its rise and enduring presence, acknowledging both the challenges posed by gang violence and the opportunities for intervention and rehabilitation. The article analyzes the gang's internal structure, its relationship with rival gangs, and the strategies employed by law enforcement and community organizations to address gang-related problems.
1. The Genesis of 18th Street Gang History: Roots in Chicano Identity and Social Inequality
The 18th Street gang's history is deeply intertwined with the experiences of Chicanos in Los Angeles during the latter half of the 20th century. Emerging in the 1960s, amidst a climate of racial tension, economic hardship, and limited opportunities, the gang initially served as a form of protection and social identity for young Latino men. The 18th Street Gang history, in its early years, mirrored the broader struggles of the Chicano community against systemic discrimination and marginalization. This period is crucial to understanding the 18th Street Gang history because it laid the foundation for its later growth and expansion. The gang's early members, many of whom were first-generation immigrants or children of immigrants, found solace and a sense of belonging within its ranks. This feeling of community and solidarity, however tragically misguided in its methods, served as a powerful counterpoint to the alienation and discrimination they faced in the wider society. The initial formation of the 18th Street gang history wasn't a singular event, but a gradual process stemming from a confluence of social and economic factors.
2. Expansion and Fragmentation: A Complex Organizational Structure in the 18th Street Gang History
As the gang expanded, its internal structure became increasingly complex. The 18th Street gang history demonstrates a decentralized organizational model, characterized by numerous autonomous "cliques" operating within specific territories. This structure presents both challenges and opportunities for law enforcement. While the lack of a centralized leadership makes it difficult to disrupt the entire organization, it also limits the scope of any individual clique’s influence. This fragmentation, however, also created internal conflicts and power struggles which at times have weakened the gang’s overall effectiveness. The study of the 18th Street Gang history necessitates understanding this complex web of alliances, rivalries, and shifting power dynamics within the gang itself. The ever-shifting nature of clique loyalties adds another layer of complexity in comprehending the 18th Street gang history.
3. The Role of Violence in 18th Street Gang History: Territorial Disputes and Gang Warfare
Violence is unfortunately a defining characteristic of the 18th Street gang history. Territorial disputes with rival gangs, such as the Bloods and Crips, have resulted in countless acts of violence, leaving a trail of destruction and suffering in their wake. However, the 18th Street gang history also reveals instances of internal violence, stemming from power struggles and disagreements among cliques. Analyzing the causes and consequences of this violence is critical to understanding the 18th Street Gang history and developing effective strategies to reduce gang-related crime. The cyclical nature of violence, driven by retaliation and a culture of fear, further complicates the 18th Street gang history and requires nuanced approaches to intervention.
4. Law Enforcement Strategies and the 18th Street Gang History: Suppression, Prevention, and Rehabilitation
Law enforcement strategies aimed at combating the 18th Street gang have varied over time, ranging from aggressive suppression tactics to community-based prevention and rehabilitation programs. The effectiveness of these different approaches remains a subject of ongoing debate. The 18th Street gang history illustrates the complexities of law enforcement's role and the need for a multi-faceted approach that incorporates both enforcement and community involvement. Understanding the limitations and successes of past strategies is vital for future interventions. The 18th Street gang history also highlights the importance of adapting strategies to the specific challenges presented by the decentralized nature of the gang.
5. Community Response and the 18th Street Gang History: The Role of Social Programs and Community Initiatives
Communities affected by the 18th Street gang have played a crucial role in shaping its history. Community-based initiatives aimed at providing alternatives to gang involvement, offering education and job training, and fostering a sense of community have demonstrated some success in reducing gang-related crime. However, the 18th Street gang history also shows the limitations of these efforts, particularly when faced with systemic issues such as poverty, inequality, and lack of access to resources. Examining the role of community involvement in addressing gang-related issues is crucial to fully understanding the 18th Street gang history and paving the way for more effective interventions.
6. The 18th Street Gang History and the Evolution of Gang Culture
The 18th Street gang’s history is not simply a chronicle of violence and crime; it also reflects broader trends in gang culture and the evolution of gang dynamics. Its evolution over the decades, including adaptations to changing social and political landscapes, provides valuable insights into the complex interplay of social, economic, and cultural factors that shape gang behavior. The 18th Street gang history serves as a case study for understanding how gangs adapt and evolve in response to societal changes and law enforcement strategies.
7. The 18th Street Gang History and its Impact on Society
The 18th Street gang's history has had a profound and lasting impact on the communities where it operates. Beyond the direct consequences of violence and crime, its presence has fostered a climate of fear, distrust, and social fragmentation. Understanding this impact is essential to developing effective strategies for addressing the root causes of gang violence and building safer, more resilient communities. The 18th Street gang history demonstrates how gang activity can undermine social cohesion and create barriers to economic and social advancement.
8. Challenges and Opportunities: Addressing the Legacy of the 18th Street Gang History
The 18th Street gang's history presents significant challenges for law enforcement, community organizations, and policymakers. However, it also offers opportunities for innovative approaches to crime prevention, gang intervention, and community development. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates various levels of intervention, from law enforcement and social services to educational and economic initiatives. The 18th Street gang history underscores the need for a multifaceted and collaborative approach to effectively tackle gang-related issues.
9. Conclusion
The 18th Street gang history is a complex and multifaceted story. Understanding its origins, evolution, and impact requires a nuanced approach that takes into account the social, economic, and political contexts that shaped its development. While the gang's history is undeniably marked by violence and crime, it also reveals opportunities for intervention and prevention. By learning from past mistakes and embracing innovative strategies, communities and law enforcement can work towards breaking the cycle of violence and creating safer, more just environments for all. The 18th Street gang history serves as a stark reminder of the devastating consequences of social inequality and the urgent need for comprehensive strategies to address the root causes of gang violence.
FAQs
1. When was the 18th Street Gang founded? The exact founding date is difficult to pinpoint, with estimates ranging from the late 1950s to the early 1960s. Its emergence was gradual, a product of social and economic conditions in the time.
2. What are the main rivals of the 18th Street Gang? The 18th Street Gang is involved in ongoing conflicts with various gangs, most notably the MS-13 and various subsets of the Bloods and Crips gangs.
3. What is the gang's organizational structure? The 18th Street Gang is characterized by a decentralized structure, composed of numerous autonomous cliques operating within specific territories.
4. What are the primary criminal activities of the 18th Street Gang? The gang engages in a wide range of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, extortion, robbery, and assault.
5. How effective have law enforcement strategies been against the 18th Street Gang? The effectiveness of law enforcement strategies has varied over time and remains a subject of debate, with some strategies proving more effective than others depending on the specific context.
6. What role have community programs played in addressing the gang problem? Community programs have played a significant role, offering alternatives to gang involvement, though their impact is often limited by broader societal issues.
7. What are the long-term consequences of gang activity on communities? Long-term consequences include increased fear, reduced property values, and strained community relations.
8. Are there any successful examples of gang intervention and rehabilitation programs? Yes, several successful programs have demonstrated promising results, focusing on education, job training, and community engagement.
9. What are the key challenges in combating the 18th Street Gang? Key challenges include the gang's decentralized structure, the root causes of gang involvement, and the lack of resources in affected communities.
Related Articles:
1. "The Rise of Chicano Gangs in Los Angeles: A Sociohistorical Analysis": Explores the socio-economic factors that contributed to the rise of Chicano gangs in Los Angeles, placing the 18th Street Gang within its historical context.
2. "Gang Violence and Urban Decay: A Case Study of the 18th Street Gang's Impact on South Central Los Angeles": Examines the devastating effects of gang violence on a specific community.
3. "Law Enforcement Strategies Against the 18th Street Gang: A Critical Evaluation": Analyzes the effectiveness of various law enforcement strategies used to combat the gang.
4. "Community-Based Interventions and Gang Prevention: Lessons from the 18th Street Gang's History": Explores successful community-based approaches to gang prevention and intervention.
5. "The Internal Dynamics of the 18th Street Gang: Power Struggles and Clique Rivalries": Focuses on the internal conflicts and power dynamics within the gang.
6. "The 18th Street Gang and the Criminal Justice System: A Critical Analysis": Examines the relationship between the 18th Street Gang and the criminal justice system.
7. "The 18th Street Gang and its Relationship with Other Latino Gangs": Explores the complex relationships between the 18th Street Gang and other Latino gangs.
8. "Rehabilitation and Reintegration: Success Stories from Former 18th Street Gang Members": Shares stories of former gang members who successfully transitioned into law-abiding lives.
9. "The Cultural Significance of Graffiti and Gang Symbols in the 18th Street Gang History": Examines the use of graffiti and gang symbols as a form of communication and territorial marking.
| 18th street gang history: The History of Street Gangs in the United States James C. Howell, 2015-06-09 This book is an historical account of the emergence of youth gangs and the transformation of these into street gangs in the United States. The author traces the emergence of these gangs in the four major geographical regions over the span of two centuries, from the early 1800s to 2012. The author’s authoritative analysis explains gang emergence and expansion from play groups to heavily armed street gangs responsible for a large proportion of urban crimes, including drive-by shootings that often kill innocent bystanders. Nationwide, street gangs now account for 1 in 6 homicides each year, and for 1 in 4 in very large cities. In recent years, the number of gangs, gang members, and gang homicides increased, even though the U.S. has seen a sharp drop in violent and property crimes over the past decade. The author’s historical analysis reveals the key contributing factors to transformation of youth gangs, including social disorganization that occurred following large-scale immigration early in American history and urban policies that pushed minorities to inner city areas and public housing projects. This analysis includes the influence of prison gangs on street gangs. The first generation of prison gangs emerged spontaneously in response to dangers inside prisons. The second generation was for many years extensions of street gangs that grew enormously during the 1980s and 1990s, particularly in large urban areas in which public housing projects have served as incubators for street gangs. The third generation of prison gangs is extremely active in street-level criminal enterprises in varied forms, often highly structured and well managed organizations that are actively involved in drug trafficking. In recent years, returning inmates are a predominant influence on local gang violence. Now, prison gangs and street gangs often work together in street-level criminal enterprises. This book identifies the most promising ways that gang violence can be reduced. The best long-term approach is a combination of gang prevention, intervention, and suppression strategies and programs. Targeted suppression of gang violence is imperative. Street-workers that serve as violence interrupters can break the cycle of contagious gang violence. |
| 18th street gang history: Gang Investigations Derrick Watkins, Richard Ashby, 2007 Criminal Investigations & Forensic Science |
| 18th street gang history: Gangs in America's Communities James C. Howell, Elizabeth Griffiths, 2018-02-08 Gangs in America's Communities, Third Edition blends theory with current research to help you identify essential features associated with youth violence and gangs, as well as apply strategies for gang control and prevention. Authors Dr. James C. Howell and Dr. Elizabeth Griffiths introduce you to theories of gang formation, illustrate various ways of defining and classifying gangs, and discuss national trends in gang presence and gang-related violence across American cities. They also offer evidence-based strategies for positioning communities to prevent, intervene, and address gang activity. New to the Third Edition: A series of new case studies document the evolution of numerous gangs in large cities, including the community aspect, evolutionary nature, and how cities influence levels of violence. New discussions highlighting the role of social media, insights into how gangs use it to recruit members, and the response from law enforcement. Current nationwide gang trends are discussed to encourage you to analyze and interpret the most recent statistics for which representative data is available. Updated macro and micro gang theories enable you to explore a recent encapsulation of leading developmental models. New discussions around female gang members offer you potentially effective programs for discouraging females from joining gangs—along with highly regarded delinquency prevention and reduction programs that have the potency to be effective in reducing gang crimes among young women. A comprehensive gang prevention, intervention, and suppression program in Multnomah County, Oregon shows how theory was successfully applied to reduce gang activity in a local community. New research on “gang structures” and their rates of crime illustrate the connections between violent crimes and the amount of violent offenders within a gang. Additional discussion of distinguishing features (e.g., typologies) of major gangs, and numerous examples of gang symbols, tattoos, and graffiti has been added to help readers identify and differentiate various types of gangs. |
| 18th street gang history: Global Crime [2 volumes] Philip L. Reichel, 2019-07-08 A definitive resource for understanding such far-reaching and often interconnected crimes as cyber theft, drug trafficking, human smuggling, identity theft, wildlife poaching, and sex tourism. While many international corporations have benefited from the global economy and distribution of information, globalization has also had serious negative consequences. This important reference work offers students and general readers a critical understanding of how technology, governments, political unrest, war, and economic strife contribute to an increase in global crime. This A–Z encyclopedia covers key people, events, and organizations and includes key documents that will help readers to understand the numerous problems created by the many transnational crimes that are growing in severity and frequency around the world. Entries address perpetrators and their methods; victims; who really profits; and law enforcement responses. In addition to cyber theft and sales of weapons and narcotics, the set provides a detailed look at global crimes not typically covered, such as corruption, fraudulent medicine, illegal sports betting, organ trafficking, maritime piracy, trafficking in cultural property, and wildlife and forest crime. Although some historical events and people are included, the focus is on recent and contemporary topics. |
| 18th street gang history: Gangland [2 volumes] Laura L. Finley, 2018-10-01 This two-volume set integrates informative encyclopedia entries and essential primary documents to provide an illuminating overview of trends in gang membership and activity in America in the 21st century. Gangland: An Encyclopedia of Gang Life from Cradle to Grave includes extended discussion of specific gangs; types of gangs based on ethnicity and environment (rural, suburban, and urban); recruitment and retention methods; leadership structure and other internal dynamics of various gangs; impacts of gang membership on extended family; the historical evolution of gangs in American society; depictions of gang life in popular culture; violent and nonviolent gang activities; and programs, policies, agencies, and organizations that have been crafted to combat gang activities. In addition, the encyclopedia includes a suite of primary sources that offer a look into the personal experiences of gang members, examine efforts by law enforcement and public officials to address gang activity, and address wider societal factors that make eradicating gangs such a difficult task. |
| 18th street gang history: Behind the Closed Doors of the California Youth Authority Tony Walker, In The Closing of the California Youth Authority delves into the compelling history, controversial practices, and transformative journey of an institution that once stood as the cornerstone of juvenile justice in California. This meticulously researched book offers an unflinching look at the rise and fall of the California Youth Authority (CYA), providing an insightful narrative on its impact on youth, communities, and the broader criminal justice system. The Closing of the California Youth Authority is an essential read for anyone interested in the evolution of juvenile justice, the history of corrections in California, and the ongoing quest for effective and humane approaches to youth rehabilitation. This book chronicles a significant chapter in criminal justice history and sparks crucial conversations about the future of juvenile justice in America. |
| 18th street gang history: MS-13 Steven Dudley, 2021-04-29 THE DEFINITIVE ACCOUNT OF THE MOST INFAMOUS STREET GANG IN AMERICA In the 1980s, El Salvador was involved in a bloody fight for control of the government. To escape the guerrilla assaults and death squads many fled to the US. As a survival instinct, they formed a group called the Mara Salvatrucha Stoners, a relatively harmless social network bound by rock and roll. But later, as they brushed against established local gangs, the group took on a harder edge, selling drugs, stealing cars and killing rivals who threatened their territories. As authorities cracked down, gang members were incarcerated and deported. But in the prison system, the group only grew stronger. Today, MS-13 is one of the most infamous street gangs on Earth, with tens of thousands of members operating in a half-dozen nations and two continents, and linked to thousands of grisly murders each year. Through the story of former gang member Norman and his family, journalist Steven Dudley brings readers inside the deadly group. |
| 18th street gang history: Encyclopedia of American Urban History David Goldfield, 2007 Publisher description |
| 18th street gang history: Term Paper Resource Guide to Latino History Michael P. Moreno, Kristin C. Brunnemer, 2010-09-02 This resource guide to 100 key events in Latino history provides students, librarians, and scholars with hundreds of original and compelling term paper ideas and the key print and electronic sources needed for research. Latinos are the largest, fastest growing minority group in the United States, and the ways they have positively impacted our nation are significant and undeniable. This book examines the contributions of Latinos to U.S. history, providing hundreds of possible topics for term papers and research projects along with primary, secondary, web, and multimedia sources of topical information. Subjects such as the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848); the Bracero Program (1942); the United Farm Workers of America Is Formed (1962); and The Great American Boycott (A Day Without Immigrants) of 2006 are just a few samples of the topics included. Each historical event is described briefly, followed by direction toward specific research and writing topics for the student-historian. At least two alternative term paper suggestions complement these ideas, allowing creative, original approaches to historical inquires. |
| 18th street gang history: Urban Issues CQ Researcher,, 2016-09-13 What are the driving forces behind Smart Cities? What are the ramifications of increasing the minimum wage? What are the causes of aging infrastructure and how should they be addressed? These are just some of the provocative questions that are considered in the new edition of Urban Issues. For current coverage of urban politics, readers will appreciate the balanced and unbiased reporting of CQ Researcher. Urban Issues provides a window into how policy is created and implemented in America’s cities and is sure to spark classroom discussions. Each chapter examines the key players, stakes, background, and lessons for the future, while covering the range of facts, analyses, and opinions surrounding each issue. |
| 18th street gang history: Can't Stop Won't Stop Jeff Chang, 2011-05-31 Hip-hop is now a global multi-billion pound industry. It has spawned superstars all across the world. There have been tie-in clothing lines, TV stations, film companies, cosmetics lines. It even has its own sports, its own art style, its own dialect. It is an all-encompassing lifestyle. But where did hip-hop culture begin? Who created it? How did hip-hop become such a phenomenon? Jeff Chang, an American journalist, has written the most comprehensive book on hip-hop to date. He introduces the major players who came up with the ideas that form the basic elements of the culture. He describes how it all began with social upheavals in Jamaica, the Bronx, the Black Belt of Long Island and South Central LA. He not only provides a history of the music, but a fascinating insight into the social background of young black America. Stretching from the early 70s through to the present day, this is the definitive history of hip-hop. It will be essential reading for all DJs, B-Boys, MCs and anyone with an interest in American history. |
| 18th street gang history: StreetCreds Zach Fortier, 2022-12-07 StreetCreds is a look inside the world of street gangs and the cops that work them. I worked the street for many years before I entered the Gang Task Force, joining it with the idea that I could rise to the level of violence of any banger I encountered - a really stupid idea. I grew up in this city, and I worked its streets the best way I knew how, feeling that I had a firsthand understanding of what the citizens were experiencing. The increasing frustration at gang crimes, drive bys, robberies, never feeling safe with your kids in your own neighborhood - I wanted to do what I could to make that fear go away. Once I was inside the task force, though, the reality was a rude awakening. The task force was poorly managed and staffed by detectives mostly out for themselves, and the internal politics made success incredibly difficult and almost impossible - almost, but not quite. Witnessing bad cops, brutal crimes, and realizing the department had been compromised. I left the unit two years later, severely broken, edgy, and dangerously damaged. StreetCreds is the story of how all that came to be. Hold on for a reality check. ~ Zach |
| 18th street gang history: Latino History and Culture David J. Leonard, Carmen R. Lugo-Lugo, 2015-03-17 Latinos are the fastest growing population in America today. This two-volume encyclopedia traces the history of Latinos in the United States from colonial times to the present, focusing on their impact on the nation in its historical development and current culture. Latino History and Culture covers the myriad ethnic groups that make up the Latino population. It explores issues such as labor, legal and illegal immigration, traditional and immigrant culture, health, education, political activism, art, literature, and family, as well as historical events and developments. A-Z entries cover eras, individuals, organizations and institutions, critical events in U.S. history and the impact of the Latino population, communities and ethnic groups, and key cities and regions. Each entry includes cross references and bibliographic citations, and a comprehensive index and illustrations augment the text. |
| 18th street gang history: Jesus and the Gang Jon Wolseth, 2011-02-15 In urban Honduras, gun violence and assault form the pulsing backdrop of everyday life. This book examines the ways that young men and women in working-class neighborhoods of El Progreso, Honduras, understand and respond to gang and gun violence in their communities. Because residents rely on gangs and Catholic and Evangelical Protestant churches to mediate violence in their neighborhoods, these institutions form the fabric of society. While only a small fraction of youths in a neighborhood are active members of a gang, most young men must learn the styles, ways of communicating, and local geography of gangs in order to survive. Due to the absence of gang prevention programs sponsored by the government or outside non-governmental organizations, Catholic and Pentecostal churches have developed their own ways to confront gang violence in their communities. Youths who participate in church organizations do so not only to alter and improve their communities but also to gain emotional and institutional support. Offering firsthand accounts of these youths and how they make use of religious discourse, narrative practices, or the inscription of tattooed images and words on the body to navigate dangerous social settings, Jesus and the Gang is an unflinching look at how these young men turn away from perpetuating the cycle of violence and how Christianity serves a society where belonging is surviving. This book will appeal to readers with an interest in Latin American studies, urban anthropology, and youth studies. With its focus on the lives of young men and women, it’s also a compelling read for anyone interested in the plight of urban youth trying to escape the gang life. |
| 18th street gang history: Nations of Emigrants Susan Bibler Coutin, 2011-05-02 The violence and economic devastation of the 1980–1992 civil war in El Salvador drove as many as one million Salvadorans to enter the United States, frequently without authorization. In Nations of Emigrants, the legal anthropologist Susan Bibler Coutin analyzes the case of emigration from El Salvador to the United States to consider how current forms of migration challenge conventional understandings of borders, citizenship, and migration itself. Interviews with policymakers and activists in El Salvador and the United States are juxtaposed with Salvadoran emigrants' accounts of their journeys to the United States, their lives in this country, and, in some cases, their removal to El Salvador. These interviews and accounts illustrate the dilemmas that migration creates for nation-states as well as the difficulties for individuals who must live simultaneously within and outside the legal systems of two countries. During the 1980s, U.S. officials generally regarded these migrants as economic immigrants who deserved to be deported, rather than as political refugees who merited asylum. By the 1990s, these Salvadorans were made eligible for legal permanent residency, at least in part due to the lives that they had created in the United States. Remarkably, this redefinition occurred during a period when more restrictive immigration policies were being adopted by the U.S. government. At the same time, Salvadorans in the United States, who send relatives more than $3 billion in remittances annually, have become a focus of policymaking in El Salvador and are considered key to its future. |
| 18th street gang history: Gangs and Organized Crime George W. Knox, Gregg Etter, Carter F. Smith, 2018-07-04 In Gangs and Organized Crime, George W. Knox, Gregg W. Etter, and Carter F. Smith offer an informed and carefully investigated examination of gangs and organized crime groups, covering street gangs, prison gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, and organized crime groups from every continent. The authors have spent decades investigating gangs as well as researching their history and activities, and this dual professional-academic perspective informs their analysis of gangs and crime groups. They take a multidisciplinary approach that combines criminal justice, public policy and administration, law, organizational behavior, sociology, psychology, and urban planning perspectives to provide insight into the actions and interactions of a variety of groups and their members. This textbook is ideal for criminal justice and sociology courses on gangs as well as related course topics like gang behavior, gang crime and the inner city, organized crime families, and transnational criminal groups. Gangs and Organized Crime is also an excellent addition to the professional’s reference library or primer for the general reader. More information is available at the supporting website – www.gangsandorganizedcrime.com |
| 18th street gang history: Gangs Scott Cummings, Daniel J. Monti, 1993-01-01 This book is an examination of contemporary gangs in American cities. Gangs have proliferated over the past ten years and pose a new set of challenges to public officials, law enforcement agencies, and urban educators. Most major cities are now confronted with serious problems derived from gang violence, drug traffic, and disruption of the public educational system. In the face of deindustrialization and deepening recession, many minority youngsters view gangs as attractive alternatives to a futile search for employment in a deteriorating urban economy. Perhaps most significant, gangs are now beginning to emerge in small and medium-sized cities. Some of the nation's leading scientists and scholars have been brought together in this book to examine the contemporary contours of America's gang problem, including Daniel J. Monti, Joan Moore, Scott Cummings, Howard Pinderhughes, Diego Vigil, Ray Hutchison, Felix Padilla, Jerome H. Skolnick, Pat Jackson, and Robert A. Destro. New material dealing with wilding gangs, migration and drug trafficking, and public educational disruption appear in this volume. Other topics covered include how gangs are organized, what social function they serve, their relation to conventional society, and the social and psychological factors that contribute to their rise. The relationship of the contemporary gang problem to past research is explored, and a rich variety of case histories and comparative analysis is presented. The book also includes a section on public policy. |
| 18th street gang history: Anger and Rage of Black Women Dorothy Robinson, 2023-04-26 This book is a must read for those who want to delve deep into the psyche, the secrets, and the struggles of black women. It speaks to the daily battles she has to endure in order to survive. Her stories are numerous and filled with unknown facts about her character and her personality. The difficulties in her life were exacerbated by the fact that she was considered a non-person by society for many years. Her feelings of worthlessness and being invisible only added to her emotional turmoil of not being good enough. No one has ever asked the black woman about her life and the untold stories she could tell. This book will reveal some of her deepest secretes that she has kept hidden because she did not want to appear weak. It provides insight into the depth of her life and how she has managed to survive so many atrocities. The stories of her many struggles are too numerous to include in this book but it will give you a glimpse into who the black woman really is and who she is becoming. |
| 18th street gang history: Hispanic & Latino Heritage in Virginia Christine Stoddard, 2016-06-06 Long before the adventures of John Rolfe and Pocahontas, Spanish ships reached Virginia's shore. In the centuries that followed, Hispanics and Latinos settled in Virginia to seek new opportunities away from home. The 1980s saw the beginnings of el Nuevo Sur, or the New South, as Virginia's Latin American population surged. Since then, the now-defunct Virginia Center for Latin American Art briefly showcased Virginia's Latino and Hispanic evolving arts heritage. Restaurants like Pollo Campero and La Tasca have joined the local culinary scene, and schools and churches have forged plans for their changing communities. Join author Christine Stoddard as she traces the vibrant history and culture of Hispanics and Latinos in Virginia. |
| 18th street gang history: How the US Creates Cynthia McKinney, 2018-09-09 Donald Trump’s purported reference to “Sh*thole Countries” has captured the (outraged) attention of the global community. And while there is some dispute as to whether or not the President uttered those exact words, what is not disputed is that the US President derided certain countries while discussing US immigration policy reform, suggesting that the US should have more immigrants from countries like Norway. How the US Creates Sh*thole Countries seizes this unique moment of global focus on the world’s most suffering countries to address some causative factors, and the extent to which their lamentable state is not of their doing. It questions the legitimacy, means and ends of US interventions in their domestic affairs in pursuit of its “interests”, which the US then regards as matters of national security. And from there it proceeds to other questions: Why and how does a country become a US target? What socio-economic, political and military policies— overt and covert—does the US undertake to bring the victim country into line? What are the results for the targeted countries? For US citizens, who have little idea what is going on, but are footing the bill? The seasoned analysts contributing to this book come from all walks of life and every shade of the political spectrum. Some have held high positions in government or at the United Nations; some taught or teach at prestigious universities; some are in forced exile because of their political beliefs and the exercise of their Constitutional rights; some have spent time in prison for acting on their beliefs; one of them sacrificed the limbs on his body. |
| 18th street gang history: Mortal Doubt Anthony W. Fontes, 2018-11-06 The fear of violent crime dominates Guatemala City. In the midst of unprecedented levels of postwar violence, Guatemalans struggle to fathom the myriad forces that have made life in this city so deeply insecure. Born out of histories of state terror, migration, and US deportation, maras (transnational gangs) have become the face of this new era of violence. They are brutal organizations engaged in extortion, contract killings, and the drug trade, and yet they have also become essential to the emergence of a certain kind of social order. Drawing on years of fieldwork inside prisons, police precincts, and gang-dominated neighborhoods, Anthony W. Fontes demonstrates how gang violence has become indissoluble from contemporary social imaginaries and how these gangs provide cover for a host of other criminal actors. Ethnographically rich and unflinchingly critical, Mortal Doubt illuminates the maras’ role in making and mooring collective terror in Guatemala City while tracing the ties that bind this violence to those residing in far safer environs. |
| 18th street gang history: No Boundaries Tom Diaz, 2011-01-25 “Tom Diaz has worn out some shoe leather, much like a good detective, in gathering facts, not myths or urban legends. As a result he has produced an accurate and comprehensive look at a grave and present danger to our society.” —From the Foreword by Chris Swecker, former Assistant Director of the FBI and former head of the FBI’s Criminal Investigation Division No Boundaries is a disturbing account of what many consider the “next Mafia”—Latino crime gangs. Like the Mafia, these gangs operate an international network, consider violence a routine matter, and defy U.S. law enforcement at every level. Also, the gangs spawn kingpins such as the notorious Nelson Varela Martinez Comandari, who nearly became the first “Latin godfather” in the United States. Focusing on the Los Angeles–based Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) and the 18th Street Gang, and the Chicago-based Latin Kings, Tom Diaz describes how neighborhood gangs evolved into extremely brutal, sophisticated criminal enterprises and how local and federal authorities have struggled to suppress them. As he makes clear, the problem of transnational Latino gangs involves complex national and international issues, such as racial tensions, immigration policy, conflict in Latin America, and world economic pressures. |
| 18th street gang history: 2011 The FBI Story United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation. Public Affairs Office, 2012-03-20 A collection of news and feature articles from the Bureau's public website. |
| 18th street gang history: 2011 the FBI Story Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S.), Many of the year's most notable accomplishments are chronicled in this text -- major cyber operations, large-scale health care fraud and gang takedowns, and historic Mafia busts. And most notablly, in less than two months, two of the FBI's Ten Most Wanted Fugitives were removed from the list. On May 1, Osama bin Laden was killed by U.S. forces, not only closing a chapter in the 9/11 terror attacks but yielding valuable new intelligence in the global effort to end violent extremism. And on June 23, notorious Boston mobster James Whitey Bulger was captured by FBI agents in California following a far-reaching public information campaign. |
| 18th street gang history: California Advance Sheet February 2012 Fastcase, |
| 18th street gang history: Gangs and the Military Carter F. Smith, 2017-09-15 Gangs are expanding, evolving, and posing an increasing threat to communities nationwide. This could be due in part to the increased number of gang members with military training. This book explores how military veterans are becoming increasingly involved in street gangs, outlaw motorcycle gangs, and domestic extremist groups. |
| 18th street gang history: Impact on Local Communities of the Release of Unaccompanied Alien Minors and the Need for Consultation and Notification United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Immigration and Border Security, 2015 |
| 18th street gang history: Examining Crime and Justice around the World Janet P. Stamatel, 2020-11-04 A thorough and timely investigation of both well-established and emerging crime and punishment issues, this book provides readers with compelling examples of how different countries around the world confront these problems. This book offers a detailed look at 10 hot topics in crime and punishment that are shared by many countries. Some of these topics are well-established within the field of criminology, such as patterns of criminal behavior, juvenile delinquency, drug trafficking, policing, and punishment; others are emerging topics that have not been well studied across a variety of countries, such as violence against women, hate crimes, and gun control. Within each topic, the book explores how eight countries experience the issue, highlighting similarities across different places as well as unique treatments of the problem. The chapter on punishment addresses the widespread use of incarceration as criminal punishment but also considers different philosophies with respect to the purpose of incarceration and whether or not this strategy is effective in the face of large-scale criminal events, such as mass atrocities. The country narratives provide historical context for understanding the particular crime or punishment issue, current trends, and relevant statistical data for describing the extent of the issue and changes over time, in addition to contemporary examples of the issue. |
| 18th street gang history: The Torreon Cabin Murders Maurice Moya, 2015-03-10 The Torreon Cabin Murders in December of 1995 was one of the most heinous cases in the history of the state of New Mexico. A young man and his live-in girl friend were murdered execution style in a cabin in Cibola National Forest near a small town called Torreon. Her two young sons were then locked in the cabin to die of starvation and dehydration by the murderer. Later, the young man’s father discovered the bodies and New Mexico State Police and a gang detective from the Albuquerque Police Department were assigned to investigate the four deaths. No crime scene team was sent to the cabin to look for evidence, according to the author. Investigators came up with prime suspects and with the guidance of the District Attorney’s office took numerous statements from two of them until they were able to obtain what appeared to some to be false confessions. Three young men were eventually charged with the death penalty. But was the real killer in the Torreon cabin murders released on the public to continue his crimes? Let the reader decide. |
| 18th street gang history: The Malignant Ideology Stephen J. Williams, 2012-04-23 The Malignant Ideology is a journey that explores the connection between black history and the gang violence endemic within our inner-city urban communities. Stephen J. Williams has diagnosed urban gang violence as a symptom of an actual de facto disease that has infected the manner in which an entire subculture has been conditioned to think. He traces this ideological malignancy back to West African tribalism, throughout slavery and African-American history, and makes the requisite connection between the circumstances, situations, and conditions perpetuated against blacks in America to the factors that contribute to the gang violence endemic within our inner-city urban communities. Having thoroughly diagnosed the many symptoms that cause gang violence to erupt, The Malignant Ideology provides a comprehensive prescription that, if taken as prescribed, has the power to fully eradicate gang violence in America. |
| 18th street gang history: Democracy and Security in Latin America Gabriel Marcella, Orlando J. Pérez, Brian Fonseca, 2021-11-05 The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for governments to generate the necessary capacity to address important security and institutional challenges; this volume deepens our understanding of the nature and extent of state governance in Latin America. State capacity is multidimensional, with all elements interacting to produce stable governance and security. As such, a collection of scholars and practitioners use an explicit interdisciplinary approach, drawing on the contributions of history, political science, economics, public policy, military studies, and other fields to gain a rounded understanding of the link between security and democracy. Democracy and Security in Latin America is divided in two sections: Part 1 focuses on the challenges to governance and key institutions such as police, courts, armed forces. and the prison system. Part 2 features country case studies that illustrate particularly important security challenges and various means by which the state has confronted them. Democracy and Security in Latin America should appeal not only to those seeking to learn more about the capacity of the democratic state in Latin America to effectively provide public security in times of stress, but to all those curious about the reality that a democracy must have security to function. |
| 18th street gang history: The Re-Evolution of American Street Gangs Dale L. June, Mohamad Khatibloo, Gregorio Estevane, 2015-09-25 The problem of gangs and gang subculture is a growing threat to the stability of neighborhoods and entire communities. During the past two decades, gang members have increasingly migrated from large urban centers to suburban areas and other countries. This book addresses the intricacies and diversities of street gangs, drawing on the expertise of high-ranking law enforcement officials monitoring terrorist activity and gang-related crimes as well as professional private investigators who have spent several decades investigating gangs and learning their subculture, lifestyle, motivations, and relationships. Ideal for supplemental reading in gang violence courses on criminal justice, sociology, law, and psychology, this comprehensive anthology presents thorough coverage of a notoriously difficult subject. It explores the following key topics: Social, psychological, and criminal impact of street gangs on juveniles Psychology of gang membership and the pathways that lead into and out of gang culture Relationship between religion and dangerous criminal gangs How U.S.-based gangs are using technology to advance their operations Use of graffiti by street gangs Evolution of gangs and recommendations for preventing future growth Gang enhancement crimes and associated misconduct of police and prosecutors Like any type of crime, street gang criminal activity cannot be totally eliminated. This book aims to provide a better understanding of gangs so that we can influence today’s potential gang members to make the right decisions for their sake and the sake of society. |
| 18th street gang history: Encyclopedia of Latino Culture [3 volumes] Charles M. Tatum, 2013-11-26 This three-volume encyclopedia describes and explains the variety and commonalities in Latina/o culture, providing comprehensive coverage of a variety of Latina/o cultural forms—popular culture, folk culture, rites of passages, and many other forms of shared expression. In the last decade, the Latina/o population has established itself as the fastest growing ethnic group within the United States, and constitutes one of the largest minority groups in the nation. While the different Latina/o groups do have cultural commonalities, there are also many differences among them. This important work examines the historical, regional, and ethnic/racial diversity within specific traditions in rich detail, providing an accurate and comprehensive treatment of what constitutes the Latino experience in America. The entries in this three-volume set provide accessible, in-depth information on a wide range of topics, covering cultural traditions including food; art, film, music, and literature; secular and religious celebrations; and religious beliefs and practices. Readers will gain an appreciation for the historical, regional, and ethnic/racial diversity within specific Latina/o traditions. Accompanying sidebars and spotlight biographies serve to highlight specific cultural differences and key individuals. |
| 18th street gang history: Encyclopedia of Race and Crime Helen Taylor Greene, Shaun L. Gabbidon, 2009-04-14 The organization of the reader′s guide—especially the groupings of landmark cases, race riots, and criminology theories—is impressive ... Other related titles lack the breadth, detail, and accessibility of this work ... Recommended for all libraries; essential for comprehensive social studies collections. —Library Journal As seen almost daily on local and national news, race historically and presently figures prominently in crime and justice reporting within the United States, in the areas of hate crimes, racial profiling, sentencing disparities, wrongful convictions, felon disenfranchisement, political prisoners, juveniles and the death penalty, and culturally specific delinquency prevention programs. The Encyclopedia of Race and Crime covers issues in both historical and contemporary context, with information on race and ethnicity and their impact on crime and the administration of justice. These two volumes offer a greater appreciation for the similar historical experiences of varied racial and ethnic groups and illustrate how race and ethnicity has mattered and continues to matter in the administration of American criminal justice. Key Features Covers a number of broad thematic areas: basic concepts and theories of criminal justice; the police, courts, and corrections; juvenile justice; public policy; the media; organizations; specific groups and populations; and specific cases and biographies Addresses such topics as gender, hate/bias crimes, immigrant experiences, international and cross-cultural issues, race and gangs, and race and law, Presents experiences of all major racial and ethnic groups in the U.S., including Asians, Blacks, Latinos, Native Americans, and Ethnic Whites, as well as religious minorities, such as Muslims Includes coverage of recent incidents like the alleged rape of a black female North Carolina Central University student by white male members of the Duke University Lacrosse Team;, the Jena 6 incident; the Tulia, Texas drug arrests; the Rodney King beating; the O. J. Simpson trials in the 1990s; and more recent racial profiling incidents Two appendices provide information on locating and interpreting statistical data on race and crime, as well as detailed instructions on how to access statistical data on the web for such specific areas as arrests, drugs, gang membership, hate crimes, homicide trends, juvenile justice, prison populations, racial profiling, the death penalty, and victimization Because the topic of race and crime is of wide interest and relevance, entries in this Encyclopedia are written in an accessible style to appeal to a broad audience, making it a welcome addition to academic and public libraries alike. |
| 18th street gang history: Gangs in Central America Clare Ribando Seelke, 2010-05 Contents: (1) Background on Violent Crime; (2) Scope of the Gang Problem: Defining Gangs; Transnational Gangs; Factors Exacerbating the Gang Problem; Poverty and a Lack of Educ. and Employ. Opport.; Societal Stigmas; Role of the Media; Anti-Gang Law Enforce. Efforts; Prisons in Need of Reform; U.S. Deportations; (3) Country Anti-Gang Efforts: Mano Dura (Heavy-Handed) Anti-Gang Policies; Effects of Mano Dura Policies?; Alternative Approaches; Prospects for Country Prevention and Rehab. Efforts; Regional and Multilateral Efforts; OAS; Multilateral Develop. Banks and Donor Agencies; (4) U.S. Policy: Congressional Interest; U.S. Internat. Anti-Gang Efforts; State Dept.; Justice Dept.; USAID; Policy Approaches and Concerns. |
| 18th street gang history: Blood Entanglements Stephen Offutt, 2023-03-28 In many low-income neighborhoods in El Salvador, two groups have significant influence over the public sphere: gangs and evangelical churches. Members of both groups often belong to the same families, use similar organizational strategies, and engage each other in local marketplaces. Pastors and gang leaders compete for power within communities while informally sharing community governance. Entanglements even occur within formal organizations: Gang members can be found in churches and faith-based organizations, while an evangelical presence exists within prisons and other gang-controlled spaces. Blood Entanglements shows the importance of religion in gang-controlled neighborhoods in El Salvador through extensive empirical data and the personal stories of people who live there. Stephen Offutt uses the notion of entanglement to explain how and why evangelicals have such frequent and often intimate interactions with gangs, which are groups that many evangelicals believe are evil. Entanglement, he shows, also sheds light on how evangelicals engage with Latin American society and social problems more generally. The book concludes with policy recommendations for reducing gang prevalence and violence in areas with a prominent evangelical presence. |
| 18th street gang history: Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents Index IV Kristen Boon, Aziz Z. Huq, Douglas Lovelace, 2012 With the publication of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents, Index IV, Oxford University Press continues to provide periodic stand-alone volumes containing cumulative indexes for the individual volumes in the series. Index IV (covering Terrorism Vols. 101-120) adds to the previous index volumes in order to ensure comprehensive searchability within the series. The availability of the cumulative index as well as the volume-specific indexes makes the series more convenient for the reader and provides the researcher with multiple ways to search for information. Index IV also features improved double-columned index formatting, for ease of use in a more compact volume. Although each volume in Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents contains its own volume-specific index, this comprehensive index fully indexes the last twenty volumes in the Terrorism series. Only subject indexes are included in the individual volumes, whereas this comprehensive index includes five different types of indexes including a subject index, an index organized according to the title of the document, an index based on the name of the document's author, an index correlated to the year of the document, and a subject-by-year index. This cumulative index volume therefore provides readers with multiple ways to conduct research within Volumes 101-120 of Terrorism: Commentary on Security Documents. |
| 18th street gang history: Space of Detention Elana Zilberg, 2011-11-07 An ethnographic analysis of the purported transnational gang crisis between the United States and El Salvador, based on extensive research in Los Angeles and San Salvador. |
| 18th street gang history: Behind Bars S. Oboler, 2009-11-23 This book addresses the complex issue of incarceration of Latino/as and offers a comprehensive overview of such topics as deportations in historical context, a case study of latino/a resistance to prisons in the 70s, the issues of youth and and girls prisons, and the post incarceration experience. |
| 18th street gang history: Terrorist Recruitment of U.S. Gangs D. Darell Dones, 2019-11-11 Since the September 11, 2001 US-Terrorist Attacks there has been an overwhelming increase in documented cases of violent acts of extremism made possible by radical terrorist recruitment of domestic gangs. These new, global criminal alliances combine tech-savvy radical extremists and the local knowledge and manpower of U.S.-based gangs creating a greater potential for biological attacks. As a result, both law enforcement and intelligence agencies have been forced to align their coordination efforts to a greater extent with colleges, universities, private infrastructures, and the military to shift national security efforts from reactive to proactive. D. Darell Dones examines the parallel terrorist-gang activities and prevailing psychosocial factors that explain the varying radical beliefs, causations, and behavioral mindset of these criminal partnerships. |
18th Street gang - Wikipedia
The 18th Street Gang was formed in the Rampart District of Los Angeles in the 1960s by Mexican-Americans and other immigrant youths who were not accepted into existing Hispanic gangs, …
Eighteenth Street: The Origins of ‘Barrio 18’ - Small Wars Journal
Aug 31, 2020 · Eighteenth Street grew from its roots as a faction of the Clanton Street gang, to a separate gang in the Pico-Union District, into a major player in the Los Angeles gang milieu, and …
A Look at the 18th Street Gang - GORILLA CONVICT
Mar 20, 2020 · In the chronicles of California street lore, the 18th Street gang, also known as M18, Calle 18, Barrio 18, La18 or Mara-18 in Central America, reigns supreme as one of the …
Origins of the Eighteenth Street Gang | Destiny's Children
In the 1960s while idealism sparked a decade of non-violent mass activism for change, the deep and accelerating alienation in Los Angeles barrios transformed the old pachucos into a new breed of …
Inside the 18th Street Gang: An In-Depth Profile of the Barrio 18 Gang
Nov 20, 2023 · The 18th Street gang, or Barrio 18, is a transnational criminal organization that began in Los Angeles in the 1960s, initially as a multi-ethnic street gang. Known for its violent …
18th Street gang - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 18th Street Gang, also called Eighteen St, Barrio 18, Mara 18, or 18 in North America, [1] [15] [16] [17] is a Central American and Mexican street gang in Los Angeles. [18] It is one of the …
NCGIA Gang Profiles and Photos
History: The 18th Street Gang is one of the largest street gangs in the United States, Mexico, and Central America. 18th Street originated in the 1960s near 18th Street and Union Avenue in …
Inside the ‘Barrio 18’ Street Gang, Where Members Cannot Leave
Apr 10, 2023 · It started as a small-time street gang in 1950’s Los Angeles, and took its name from where it was based: 18th Street, in the city’s Rampart District. It evolved over the years, until the …
Eighteenth Street: The Origins of ‘Barrio 18’
Eighteenth Street grew from its roots as a faction of the Clanton Street gang, to a separate gang in the Pico-Union District, into a major player in the Los Angeles gang milieu, and then gained …
Barrio-18 Overview | Recent Central American History
Apr 2, 2019 · Barrio 18, otherwise known as 18th Street Gang or M-18, is a street gang originating in Los Angeles, gaining prominence in the 1980s and 90s. While the gang began with only Mexican …
18th Street gang - Wikipedia
The 18th Street Gang was formed in the Rampart District of Los Angeles in the 1960s by Mexican-Americans and other immigrant youths who were not accepted into existing …
Eighteenth Street: The Origins of ‘Barrio 18’ - Small Wars Journal
Aug 31, 2020 · Eighteenth Street grew from its roots as a faction of the Clanton Street gang, to a separate gang in the Pico-Union District, into a major player in the Los Angeles gang …
A Look at the 18th Street Gang - GORILLA CONVICT
Mar 20, 2020 · In the chronicles of California street lore, the 18th Street gang, also known as M18, Calle 18, Barrio 18, La18 or Mara-18 in Central America, reigns supreme as one of …
Origins of the Eighteenth Street Gang | Destiny's Children
In the 1960s while idealism sparked a decade of non-violent mass activism for change, the deep and accelerating alienation in Los Angeles barrios transformed the old …
Inside the 18th Street Gang: An In-Depth Profile of the Barrio 18 Gang
Nov 20, 2023 · The 18th Street gang, or Barrio 18, is a transnational criminal organization that began in Los Angeles in the 1960s, initially as a multi-ethnic street gang. Known for its …
