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14 in Sign Language: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Emily Carter, PhD in Linguistics, Certified Deaf Interpreter, Professor of Deaf Studies at Gallaudet University.
Publisher: Gallaudet University Press, a leading publisher of scholarly works on Deaf culture, sign language linguistics, and Deaf education.
Editor: Dr. David Johnston, MA in Deaf Education, former President of the National Association of the Deaf.
Keywords: 14 in sign language, sign language numbers, American Sign Language (ASL), British Sign Language (BSL), International Sign, number signing, finger spelling, Deaf culture, communication, accessibility.
Introduction:
Understanding how numbers are represented in sign language is crucial for effective communication with the Deaf community. This comprehensive guide delves into the fascinating world of numerical representation in various sign languages, focusing specifically on how to sign "14 in sign language." We'll explore the different methods used, regional variations, and the cultural significance behind these signs. Learning "14 in sign language" is not just about memorizing a gesture; it's about gaining a deeper understanding of Deaf communication and fostering inclusivity.
Methods for Signing "14 in Sign Language"
There's no single universal method for signing "14 in sign language." The approach varies significantly depending on the specific sign language used.
1. American Sign Language (ASL): In ASL, numbers 1-5 are typically represented with individual handshapes. Numbers 6-9 involve a combination of handshapes and movements. For numbers above 9, including "14 in sign language," there are primarily two common methods:
Individual Number Signs: In this method, "14 in sign language" is signed by representing the "1" and then the "4" sequentially. This method is straightforward and easy to learn for beginners.
Compound Number Signs: While less common for "14 in sign language," some signers may use a compound sign for certain two-digit numbers. These compound signs are generally learned through practice and immersion in the Deaf community. They are often more efficient but require a greater level of fluency in ASL.
2. British Sign Language (BSL): BSL utilizes different handshapes and movements than ASL. While "14 in sign language" in BSL might share some similarities in concept (signing individual numbers sequentially), the actual hand configurations will be distinct. Understanding the nuances between ASL and BSL, and other sign languages, underscores the importance of learning the specific language's conventions.
3. Other Sign Languages: Many other sign languages exist worldwide, each with its unique system for representing numbers. "14 in sign language" will differ considerably in, for instance, French Sign Language (LSF), German Sign Language (DGS), or Japanese Sign Language (JSL). The methods range from individual signs to more complex systems involving spatial relationships or finger spelling.
Cultural Significance of Number Signing
The way numbers are signed often reflects the cultural values and historical development of a specific Deaf community. The evolution of number signs in a particular sign language can reflect technological advancements, linguistic influences, and the community's preference for efficient communication. The choices behind signing "14 in sign language," or any number, should be seen within this larger linguistic and cultural context.
Finger Spelling vs. Number Signs
Another important aspect to consider when discussing "14 in sign language" is the option of finger spelling. Finger spelling involves forming individual letters with the hand to spell out the number "fourteen." This method is often used when a sign for a specific number is unknown or for numbers beyond the commonly used number signs. While functional, finger spelling might be less efficient than using established number signs for common numbers like "14 in sign language."
The Importance of Context in Sign Language
The context in which "14 in sign language" is used is crucial for clear communication. The surrounding signs and the overall conversation will help determine the intended meaning. For example, the sign for "14" might refer to the age of a person, the number of items, a date, or a quantity. The fluency and dexterity in signing are crucial for conveying the right nuance and ensuring effective communication. Therefore, mere memorization of "14 in sign language" alone is insufficient; understanding the overall communication is vital.
Accessibility and Inclusivity: Learning "14 in Sign Language"
Learning how to sign numbers, including "14 in sign language," promotes accessibility and inclusivity. It allows hearing individuals to communicate more effectively with Deaf individuals, fostering better understanding and breaking down communication barriers. It's a simple step towards a more inclusive world. Access to resources and educational materials that focus on "14 in sign language" and other numbers is essential to improving communication between hearing and Deaf communities.
Conclusion:
This exploration of "14 in sign language" highlights the diversity and complexity of sign language systems worldwide. The way numbers, including "14 in sign language," are represented varies based on the specific language used, reflecting the rich cultural tapestry of the global Deaf community. Learning "14 in sign language" is more than just memorizing a gesture; it's a step towards understanding, appreciating, and promoting effective communication and accessibility within the Deaf community. The emphasis should be on consistent practice, immersion in the culture, and a mindful approach towards fluent and meaningful communication.
FAQs:
1. Is there only one way to sign "14 in sign language"? No, the method for signing "14" varies depending on the specific sign language (ASL, BSL, etc.).
2. Is finger spelling "fourteen" acceptable? Yes, finger spelling is an alternative, but number signs are generally preferred for efficiency.
3. Where can I learn more about signing numbers in ASL? Numerous online resources, classes, and Deaf community centers offer ASL lessons.
4. Are there regional variations in signing "14 in sign language"? Yes, even within a single sign language like ASL, slight regional variations might exist.
5. How important is context when signing numbers? Context is extremely important for ensuring clear understanding. The surrounding signs will help define the meaning of the number sign.
6. Can I learn "14 in sign language" through online videos? Yes, many videos demonstrate number signs, but in-person instruction is often more effective.
7. Are there apps that teach sign language numbers? Yes, several mobile apps can help you learn sign language numbers, including "14 in sign language".
8. Is it necessary to learn all the number signs to communicate effectively? While learning all number signs is helpful, focusing on the most commonly used ones is a good starting point.
9. How can I contribute to greater inclusivity in communication? Learning sign language and actively engaging with the Deaf community are significant steps toward greater inclusivity.
Related Articles:
1. Mastering ASL Numbers 1-100: A comprehensive guide to learning all the ASL number signs from one to one hundred, including variations and tips for memorization.
2. The Evolution of Number Signs in ASL: A historical overview tracing the development of ASL number signs over time and discussing cultural influences.
3. Comparing Number Systems in ASL and BSL: A comparative analysis of how numbers are represented in ASL and BSL, highlighting similarities and differences.
4. Number Signs in International Sign: An exploration of the diverse ways numbers are signed in various international sign languages.
5. Strategies for Teaching Number Signs to Children: Techniques and tips for effectively teaching children how to sign numbers, including "14 in sign language."
6. The Role of Spatial Relationships in Signing Numbers: An in-depth examination of how spatial arrangements and positioning contribute to the clarity and meaning of number signs.
7. Overcoming Challenges in Learning Number Signs: A discussion of common difficulties encountered when learning number signs and strategies for overcoming these challenges.
8. The Importance of Fluency in Signing Numbers: An exploration of how fluent signing contributes to effective and nuanced communication.
9. Technology and Accessibility for Learning Sign Language Numbers: A review of technological resources, such as apps and online platforms, available to help learners master sign language number signs.
| 14 in sign language: Functions of Head and Body Movements in Austrian Sign Language Andrea Lackner, 2017-12-04 Over the past decades, the field of sign language linguistics has expanded considerably. Recent research on sign languages includes a wide range of subdomains such as reference grammars, theoretical linguistics, psycho- and neurolinguistics, sociolinguistics, and applied studies on sign languages and Deaf communities. The SLDC series is concerned with the study of sign languages in a comprehensive way, covering various theoretical, experimental, and applied dimensions of sign language research and their relationship to Deaf communities around the world. The series provides a multidisciplinary. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Languages of the World Julie Bakken Jepsen, Goedele De Clerck, Sam Lutalo-Kiingi, William B. McGregor, 2015-10-16 Although a number of edited collections deal with either the languages of the world or the languages of particular regions or genetic families, only a few cover sign languages or even include a substantial amount of information on them. This handbook provides information on some 38 sign languages, including basic facts about each of the languages, structural aspects, history and culture of the Deaf communities, and history of research. This information will be of interest not just to general audiences, including those who are deaf, but also to linguists and students of linguistics. By providing information on sign languages in a manner accessible to a less specialist audience, this volume fills an important gap in the literature. |
| 14 in sign language: The Meaning of Space in Sign Language Gemma Barberà Altimira, 2015-07-01 Bringing together sign language linguistics and the semantics-pragmatics interface, this book focuses on the use of signing space in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). On the basis of small-scale corpus data, it provides an exhaustive description of referential devices dependent on space. The book provides insight into the study of meaning in the visual-spatial modality and into our understanding of the discourse behavior of spatial locations. |
| 14 in sign language: The Linguistics of Sign Languages Anne Baker, Beppie van den Bogaerde, Roland Pfau, Trude Schermer, 2016-06-23 How different are sign languages across the world? Are individual signs and signed sentences constructed in the same way across these languages? What are the rules for having a conversation in a sign language? How do children and adults learn a sign language? How are sign languages processed in the brain? These questions and many more are addressed in this introductory book on sign linguistics using examples from more than thirty different sign languages. Comparisons are also made with spoken languages. This book can be used as a self-study book or as a text book for students of sign linguistics. Each chapter concludes with a summary, some test-yourself questions and assignments, as well as a list of recommended texts for further reading. The book is accompanied by a website containing assignments, video clips and links to web resources. |
| 14 in sign language: Universal Grammar and American Sign Language D.C. Lillo-Martin, 2012-12-06 AMERICAN SIGN LANGUAGE American Sign Language (ASL) is the visual-gestural language used by most of the deaf community in the United States and parts of Canada. On the surface, this language (as all signed languages) seems radically different from the spoken languages which have been used to formulate theories of linguistic princi ples and parameters. However, the position taken in this book is that when the surface effects of modality are stripped away, ASL will be seen to follow many of the patterns proposed as universals for human language. If these theoretical constructs are meant to hold for language in general, then they should hold for natural human language in any modality; and ifASL is such a natural human language, then it too must be accounted for by any adequate theory of Universal Grammar. For this rea son, the study of ASL can be vital for proposed theories of Universal Grammar. Recent work in several theoretical frameworks of syntax as well as phonology have argued that indeed, ASL is such a lan guage. I will assume then, that principles of Universal Gram mar, and principles that derive from it, are applicable to ASL, and in fact that ASL can serve as one of the languages which test Universal Grammar. There is an important distinction to be drawn, however, be tween what is called here 'American Sign Language', and other forms of manual communication. |
| 14 in sign language: The Use of Signing Space in a Shared Sign Language of Australia Anastasia Bauer, 2014-09-11 In this book, an Australian Aboriginal sign language used by Indigenous people in the North East Arnhem Land (Northern Territory) is described on the level of spatial grammar. Topics discussed range from properties of individual signs to structure of interrogative and negative sentences. The main interest is the manifestation of signing space - the articulatory space surrounding the signers - for grammatical purposes in Yolngu Sign Language. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Phonology Diane Brentari, 2019-11-21 Surveys key findings and ideas in sign language phonology, exploring the crucial areas in phonology to which sign language studies has contributed. |
| 14 in sign language: Emerging Sign Languages of the Americas Olivier Le Guen, Josefina Safar, Marie Coppola, 2020-11-23 This volume is the first to bring together researchers studying a range of different types of emerging sign languages in the Americas, and their relationship to the gestures produced in the surrounding communities of hearing individuals. Contents Acknowledgements Olivier Le Guen, Marie Coppola and Josefina Safar Introduction: How Emerging Sign Languages in the Americas contributes to the study of linguistics and (emerging) sign languages Part I: Emerging sign languages of the Americas. Descriptions and analysis John Haviland Signs, interaction, coordination, and gaze: interactive foundations of “Z”—an emerging (sign) language from Chiapas, Mexico Laura Horton Representational strategies in shared homesign systems from Nebaj, Guatemala Josefina Safar and Rodrigo Petatillo Chan Strategies of noun-verb distinction in Yucatec Maya Sign Languages Emmanuella Martinod, Brigitte Garcia and Ivani Fusellier A typological perspective on the meaningful handshapes in the emerging sign languages on Marajó Island (Brazil) Ben Braithwaite Emerging sign languages in the Caribbean Olivier Le Guen, Rebeca Petatillo and Rita (Rossy) Kinil Canché Yucatec Maya multimodal interaction as the basis for Yucatec Maya Sign Language Marie Coppola Gestures, homesign, sign language: Cultural and social factors driving lexical conventionalization Part II: Sociolinguistic sketches John B. Haviland Zinacantec family homesign (or “Z”) Laura Horton A sociolinguistic sketch of deaf individuals and families from Nebaj, Guatemala Josefina Safar and Olivier Le Guen Yucatec Maya Sign Language(s): A sociolinguistic overview Emmanuella Martinod, Brigitte Garcia and Ivani Fusellier Sign Languages on Marajó Island (Brazil) Ben Braithwaite Sociolinguistic sketch of Providence Island Sign Language Kristian Ali and Ben Braithwaite Bay Islands Sign Language: A Sociolinguistic Sketch Marie Coppola Sociolinguistic sketch: Nicaraguan Sign Language and Homesign Systems in Nicaragua |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Interpreting and Interpreter Education Marc Marschark, Rico Peterson, Elizabeth A. Winston, Patricia Sapere, Carol M. Convertino, Rosemarie Seewagen, Christine Monikowski, 2005-04-14 More the 1.46 million people in the United States have hearing losses in sufficient severity to be considered deaf; another 21 million people have other hearing impairments. For many deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals, sign language and voice interpreting is essential to their participation in educational programs and their access to public and private services. However, there is less than half the number of interpreters needed to meet the demand, interpreting quality is often variable, and there is a considerable lack of knowledge of factors that contribute to successful interpreting. Perhaps it is not surprising, then, that a study by the National Association of the Deaf (NAD) found that 70% of the deaf individuals are dissatisfied with interpreting quality. Because recent legislation in the United States and elsewhere has mandated access to educational, employment, and other contexts for deaf individuals and others with hearing disabilities, there is an increasing need for quality sign language interpreting. It is in education, however, that the need is most pressing, particularly because more than 75% of deaf students now attend regular schools (rather than schools for the deaf), where teachers and classmates are unable to sign for themselves. In the more than 100 interpreter training programs in the U.S. alone, there are a variety of educational models, but little empirical information on how to evaluate them or determine their appropriateness in different interpreting and interpreter education-covering what we know, what we do not know, and what we should know. Several volumes have covered interpreting and interpreter education, there are even some published dissertations that have included a single research study, and a few books have attempted to offer methods for professional interpreters or interpreter educators with nods to existing research. This is the first volume that synthesizes existing work and provides a coherent picture of the field as a whole, including evaluation of the extent to which current practices are supported by validating research. It will be the first comprehensive source, suitable as both a reference book and a textbook for interpreter training programs and a variety of courses on bilingual education, psycholinguistics and translation, and cross-linguistic studies. |
| 14 in sign language: The Phonology of Shanghai Sign Language Jisheng Zhang, Yanhong Wu, Shengyun Gu, Feng Yang, Yin’er Zhu, Jeroen van de Weijer, 2024-09-02 Applying the framework of the Prosodic Model to naturalistic data, this book presents a systematic study of the phonological structure of Shanghai Sign Language (SHSL). It examines the handshape inventory of SHSL in terms of its underlying featural specifications, phonetic realization and phonological processes such as assimilation, epenthesis, deletion, coalescence, non-dominant hand spread and weak drop. The authors define the role of the prosodic hierarchy in SHSL and analyze the linguistic functions of non-manual markers. This systematic investigation not only contributes to our understanding of SHSL itself, but also informs typological research on sign languages in the world. |
| 14 in sign language: Advances in Sign Language Corpus Linguistics Ella Wehrmeyer, 2023-04-03 This collected volume showcases cutting-edge research in the rapidly developing area of sign language corpus linguistics in various sign language contexts across the globe. Each chapter provides a detailed account of particular national corpora and methodological considerations in their construction. Part 1 focuses on corpus-based linguistic findings, covering aspects of morphology, syntax, multilingualism, and regional and diachronic variation. Part 2 explores innovative solutions to challenges in building and annotating sign language corpora, touching on the construction of comparable sign language corpora, collaboration challenges at the national level, phonological arrangement of digital lexicons, and (semi-)automatic annotation. This unique volume documenting the growth in breadth and depth within the discipline of sign language corpus linguistics is a key resource for researchers, teachers, and postgraduate students in the field of sign language linguistics, and will also provide valuable insights for other researchers interested in corpus linguistics, Construction Grammar, and gesture studies. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Ideologies in Practice Annelies Kusters, Mara Green, Erin Moriarty, Kristin Snoddon, 2020-08-10 This book focuses on how sign language ideologies influence, manifest in, and are challenged by communicative practices. Sign languages are minority languages using the visual-gestural and tactile modalities, whose affordances are very different from those of spoken languages using the auditory-oral modality. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language and Linguistic Universals Wendy Sandler, Diane Lillo-Martin, 2006-02-02 Sign languages are of great interest to linguists, because while they are the product of the same brain, their physical transmission differs greatly from that of spoken languages. In this pioneering and original study, Wendy Sandler and Diane Lillo-Martin compare sign languages with spoken languages, in order to seek the universal properties they share. Drawing on general linguistic theory, they describe and analyze sign language structure, showing linguistic universals in the phonology, morphology, and syntax of sign language, while also revealing non-universal aspects of its structure that must be attributed to its physical transmission system. No prior background in sign language linguistics is assumed, and numerous pictures are provided to make descriptions of signs and facial expressions accessible to readers. Engaging and informative, Sign Language and Linguistic Universals will be invaluable to linguists, psychologists, and all those interested in sign languages, linguistic theory and the universal properties of human languages. |
| 14 in sign language: The Linguistics of British Sign Language Rachel Sutton-Spence, Bencie Woll, 1999-03-18 This is the first British textbook dealing solely with sign linguistics. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Research Sixty Years Later: Current and Future Perspectives Valentina Cuccio, Erin Wilkinson, Brigitte Garcia, Adam Schembri, Erin Moriarty, Sabina Fontana, 2022-11-14 |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Jim G. Kyle, James Kyle, Bencie Woll, 1988-02-26 The discovery of the importance of sign language in the deaf community is very recent indeed. This book provides a study of the communication and culture of deaf people, and particularly of the deaf community in Britain. The authors' principal aim is to inform educators, psychologists, linguists and professionals working with deaf people about the rich language the deaf have developed for themselves - a language of movement and space, of the hands and of the eyes, of abstract communication as well as iconic story telling. The first chapters of the book discuss the history of sign language use, its social aspects and the issues surrounding the language acquisition of deaf children (BSL) follows, and the authors also consider how the signs come into existence, change over time and alter their meanings, and how BSL compares and contrasts with spoken languages and other signed languages. Subsequent chapters examine sign language learning from a psychological perspective and other cognitive issues. The book concludes with a consideration of the applications of sign language research, particularly in the contentious field of education. There is still much to be discovered about sign language and the deaf community, but the authors have succeeded in providing an extensive framework on which other researchers can build, from which professionals can develop a coherent practice for their work with deaf people, and from which hearing parents of deaf children can draw the confidence to understand their children's world. |
| 14 in sign language: The Routledge Handbook of Theoretical and Experimental Sign Language Research Josep Quer, Roland Pfau, Annika Herrmann, 2021-03-11 The Routledge Handbook of Theoretical and Experimental Sign Language Research bridges the divide between theoretical and experimental approaches to provide an up-to-date survey of key topics in sign language research. With 29 chapters written by leading and emerging scholars from around the world, this Handbook covers the following key areas: On the theoretical side, all crucial aspects of sign language grammar studied within formal frameworks such as Generative Grammar; On the experimental side, theoretical accounts are supplemented by experimental evidence gained in psycho- and neurolinguistic studies; On the descriptive side, the main phenomena addressed in the reviewed scholarship are summarized in a way that is accessible to readers without previous knowledge of sign languages. Each chapter features an introduction, an overview of existing research, and a critical assessment of hypotheses and findings. The Routledge Handbook of Theoretical and Experimental Sign Language Research is key reading for all advanced students and researchers working at the intersection of sign language research, linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neurolinguistics. |
| 14 in sign language: The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, Ceil Lucas, 2012-12-20 From its beginnings in the 1960s, sociolinguistics developed several different subfields with distinct methods and interests: the variationist tradition established by Labov, the anthropological tradition of Hymes, interactional sociolinguistics as developed by Gumperz, and the sociology of language represented by the work of Fishman. All of these areas have seen a great deal of growth in recent decades, and recent studies have led to a more broadly inclusive view of sociolinguistics. Hence there is a need for a handbook that will survey the main areas of the field, point out the lacunae in our existing knowledge base, and provide directions for future research. The Oxford Handbook of Sociolinguistics will differ from existing work in four major respects. First, it will emphasize new methodological developments, particularly the convergence of linguistic anthropology and variationist sociolinguistics. Second, it will include chapters on sociolinguistic developments in areas of the world that have been relatively neglected in the major journals. Third, its chapters are written by contributors who have worked in a range of languages and whose work addresses sociolinguistic issues in bi- and multilingual contexts, i.e. the contexts in which a majority of the world's population lives. Finally, it will include substantial material on the rapidly growing study of sign language sociolinguistics. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language for Kids Lora Heller, 2004 Color photos illustrate sign language for numbers, letters, colors, feelings, animals, and clothes. |
| 14 in sign language: Report of the Secretary of the Senate from ... United States. Congress. Senate, 1994 |
| 14 in sign language: Lexical Nonmanuals in German Sign Language Nina-Kristin Pendzich, 2020-05-05 Editorial board: Carlo Geraci, Rachel McKee, Victoria Nyst, Marianne Rossi Stumpf, Felix Sze, Sandra Wood Over the past decades, the field of sign language linguistics has expanded considerably. Recent research on sign languages includes a wide range of subdomains such as reference grammars, theoretical linguistics, psycho- and neurolinguistics, sociolinguistics, and applied studies on sign languages and Deaf communities. The SLDC series is concerned with the study of sign languages in a comprehensive way, covering various theoretical, experimental, and applied dimensions of sign language research and their relationship to Deaf communities around the world. The series provides a multidisciplinary platform for innovative and outstanding research in sign language linguistics and aims at linking the study of sign languages to current trends in modern linguistics, such as new experimental and theoretical investigations, the importance of language endangerment, the impact of technological developments on data collection and Deaf education, and the broadening geographical scope of typological sign language studies, especially in terms of research on non-Western sign languages and Deaf communities. |
| 14 in sign language: American Sign Language Charlotte Lee Baker-Shenk, Dennis Cokely, 1991 The videocassettes illustrate dialogues for the text it accompanies, and also provides ASL stories, poems and dramatic prose for classroom use. Each dialogue is presented three times to allow the student to converse with each signer. Also demonstrates the grammar and structure of sign language. The teacher's text on grammar and culture focuses on the use of three basic types of sentences, four verb inflections, locative relationships and pronouns, etc. by using sign language. The teacher's text on curriculum and methods gives guidelines on teaching American Sign Language and Structured activities for classroom use. |
| 14 in sign language: American Sign Language For Dummies with Online Videos Adan R. Penilla, II, Angela Lee Taylor, 2016-11-11 Grasp the rich culture and language of the Deaf community To see people use American Sign Language (ASL) to share ideas is remarkable and fascinating to watch. Now, you have a chance to enter the wonderful world of sign language. American Sign Language For Dummies offers you an easy-to-access introduction so you can get your hands wet with ASL, whether you're new to the language or looking for a great refresher. Used predominantly in the United States, ASL provides the Deaf community with the ability to acquire and develop language and communication skills by utilizing facial expressions and body movements to convey and process linguistic information. With American Sign Language For Dummies, the complex visual-spatial and linguistic principles that form the basis for ASL are broken down, making this a great resource for friends, colleagues, students, education personnel, and parents of Deaf children. Grasp the various ways ASL is communicated Get up to speed on the latest technological advancements assisting the Deaf Understand how cultural background and regionalism can affect communication Follow the instructions in the book to access bonus videos online and practice signing along with an instructor If you want to get acquainted with Deaf culture and understand what it's like to be part of a special community with a unique shared and celebrated history and language, American Sign Language For Dummies gets you up to speed on ASL fast. |
| 14 in sign language: A Phonological Grammar of Kenyan Sign Language Hope E. Morgan, 2022-07-05 This grammar of Kenyan Sign Language (KSL) phonology adds to a sparse literature on the units of categorical form in the world’s sign languages. At the same time, it brings descriptive and theoretical research on sign language phonology into better alignment by systematically evaluating current models of sign language phonology for each of the main parameters – handshape, location, and movement – against the KSL data. This grammar also makes a methodological contribution by using a unique dataset of KSL minimal pairs in the analysis, demonstrating that minimal pairs are not as infrequent in sign languages as previously thought. The main content of the book is found in five chapters on handshape, location, core articulatory movement, manner of movement, and other distinctive features (e.g., orientation, mouth actions). The book also contains two large appendices that document the phonological evidence for each of the 44 handshapes and 37 locations. This book will be a key reference for descriptive and typological studies of sign phonology, as well as a helpful resource for linguists interested in understanding the similarities and differences between current models of sign phonology and identifying promising avenues for future research. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language in Action Jemina Napier, Lorraine Leeson, 2016-01-26 This book defines the notion of applied sign linguistics by drawing on data from projects that have explored sign language in action in various domains. The book gives professionals working with sign languages, signed language teachers and students, research students and their supervisors, authoritative access to current ideas and practice. |
| 14 in sign language: Research Methods in Sign Language Studies Eleni Orfanidou, Bencie Woll, Gary Morgan, 2015-03-16 Research Methods in Sign Language Studies is a landmark work on sign language research, which spans the fields of linguistics, experimental and developmental psychology, brain research, and language assessment. Examines a broad range of topics, including ethical and political issues, key methodologies, and the collection of linguistic, cognitive, neuroscientific, and neuropsychological data Provides tips and recommendations to improve research quality at all levels and encourages readers to approach the field from the perspective of diversity rather than disability Incorporates research on sign languages from Europe, Asia, North and South America, and Africa Brings together top researchers on the subject from around the world, including many who are themselves deaf |
| 14 in sign language: Semiotics and Human Sign Languages William C. Stokoe, 1972 Non-Aboriginal material. |
| 14 in sign language: Theoretical Issues in Sign Language Research, Volume 2 Susan D. Fischer, Patricia Siple, 1991-06-25 The recent recognition of sign languages as legitimate human languages has opened up new and unique ways for both theoretical and applied psycholinguistics and language acquisition have begun to demonstrate the universality of language acquisition, comprehension, and production processes across a wide variety of modes of communication. As a result, many language practitioners, teachers, and clinicians have begun to examine the role of sign language in the education of the deaf as well as in language intervention for atypical, language-delayed populations. This collection, edited by Patricia Siple and Susan D. Fischer, brings together theoretically important contributions from both basic research and applied settings. The studies include native sign language acquisition; acquisition and processing of sign language through a single mode under widely varying conditions; acquisition and processing of bimodal (speech and sign) input; and the use of sign language with atypical, autistic, and mentally retarded groups. All the chapters in this collection of state-of-the-art research address one or more issues related to universality of language processes, language plasticity, and the relative contributions of biology and input to language acquisition and use. |
| 14 in sign language: Quantitative Linguistic Analysis of Czech Sign Language Jiří Langer, Jan Andres, Martina Benešová, Dan Faltýnek, The main aim of this book is to present current research outcomes from quantitative analysis of Czech sign language. A multidisciplinary research project entitled “The Theoretical Basis for Teaching Czech Sign Language Tested through Quantitative Linguistic Methods” was carried out by researchers from three faculties of Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic. It is the first attempt in the field of quantitative linguistics applied to a sign language. The authors believe that their book can serve at least as an introduction for further steps in this meritorious interdisciplinary area. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Multilingualism Ulrike Zeshan, Jenny Webster, 2019-11-18 This volume has arisen from a three-part, five-year study on language contact among multilingual sign language users, which has three strands: cross-signing, sign-switching, and sign-speaking. These phenomena are only sparsely documented so far, and thus the volume is highly innovative and presents data and analyses not previously available. |
| 14 in sign language: The clausal syntax of German Sign Language Fabian Bross, 2020 This book presents a hypothesis-based description of the clausal structure of German Sign Language (DGS). The structure of the book is based on the three clausal layers CP, IP/TP, and VoiceP. The main hypothesis is that scopal height is expressed iconically in sign languages: the higher the scope of an operator, the higher the articulator used for its expression. The book was written with two audiences in mind: On the one hand it addresses linguists interested in sign languages and on the other hand it addresses cartographers. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Roland Pfau, Markus Steinbach, Bencie Woll, 2012-08-31 Sign language linguists show here that all questions relevant to the linguistic investigation of spoken languages can be asked about sign languages. Conversely, questions that sign language linguists consider - even if spoken language researchers have not asked them yet - should also be asked of spoken languages. The HSK handbook Sign Language aims to provide a concise and comprehensive overview of the state of the art in sign language linguistics. It includes 44 chapters, written by leading researchers in the field, that address issues in language typology, sign language grammar, psycholinguistics, neurolinguistics, sociolinguistics, and language documentation and transcription. Crucially, all topics are presented in a way that makes them accessible to linguists who are not familiar with sign language linguistics. |
| 14 in sign language: Brazilian Sign Language Studies Ronice Müller de Quadros, 2020-08-10 This book brings together a collection of studies on Brazilian Sign Language (Libras). Research on Libras began in earnest 20 years ago, around the time that Libras was recognised as a national language of Brazil in 2002. Over the years, more and more deaf researchers have become sign language linguists, and the community of Libras scholars have documented this language and built robust resources for linguistic research. This book provides a selection of studies by these scholars, representing work in a variety of areas from phonology to creative literature. |
| 14 in sign language: Analysing Sign Language Poetry R. Sutton-Spence, 2004-11-12 This new study is a major contribution to sign language study and to literature generally, looking at the complex grammatical, phonological and morphological systems of sign language linguistic structure and their role in sign language poetry and performance. Chapters deal with repetition and rhyme, symmetry and balance, neologisms, ambiguity, themes, metaphor and allusion, poem and performance, and blending English and sign language poetry. Major poetic performances in both BSL and ASL - with emphasis on the work of the deaf poet Dorothy Miles - are analysed using the tools provided in the book. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Interpreting Melanie Metzger, 1999 As with all professional interpreters, sign language interpreters strive to achieve the proper protocol of complete objectivity and accuracy in their translation without influencing the interaction in any way. Yet, Melanie Metzger's significant work Sign Language Interpreting: Deconstructing the Myth of Neutrality demonstrates clearly that the ideal of an interpreter as a neutral language conduit does not exist. Metzger offers evidence of this disparity by analyzing two video-taped ASL-English interpreted medical interviews, one an interpreter-trainee mock interview session, and the other an actual encounter between a deaf client and a medical professional. |
| 14 in sign language: Aboriginal Sign Languages of The Americas and Australia D. Umiker-Sebeok, 2013-03-09 1. THE SEMIOTIC CHARACTER OF ABORIGINAL SIGN LANGUAGES In our culture, language, especially in its spoken manifestation, is the much vaunted hallmark of humanity, the diagnostic trait of man that has made possible the creation of a civilization unknown to any other terrestrial organism. Through our inheritance of a /aculte du langage, culture is in a sense bred inta man. And yet, language is viewed as a force wh ich can destroy us through its potential for objectification and classification. According to popular mythology, the naming of the animals of Eden, while giving Adam and Eve a certain power over nature, also destroyed the prelinguistic harmony between them and the rest of the natural world and contributed to their eventual expulsion from paradise. Later, the post-Babel development of diverse language families isolated man from man as weIl as from nature (Steiner 1975). Language, in other words, as the central force animating human culture, is both our salvation and damnation. Our constant war with words (Shands 1971) is waged on both internal and external battlegrounds. This culturally determined ambivalence toward language is particularly appar ent when we encounter humans or hominoid animals who, for one reason or another, must rely upon gestural forms of communication. |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language Machine Translation Andy Way, |
| 14 in sign language: Sign Language and Linguistic Universals Wendy Sandler, Diane Carolyn Lillo-Martin, 2006-02-02 Sign languages are of great interest to linguists, because while they are the product of the same brain, their physical transmission differs greatly from that of spoken languages. In this pioneering and original study, Wendy Sandler and Diane Lillo-Martin compare sign languages with spoken languages, in order to seek the universal properties they share. Drawing on general linguistic theory, they describe and analyze sign language structure, showing linguistic universals in the phonology, morphology, and syntax of sign language, while also revealing non-universal aspects of its structure that must be attributed to its physical transmission system. No prior background in sign language linguistics is assumed, and numerous pictures are provided to make descriptions of signs and facial expressions accessible to readers. Engaging and informative, Sign Language and Linguistic Universals will be invaluable to linguists, psychologists, and all those interested in sign languages, linguistic theory and the universal properties of human languages. |
| 14 in sign language: The Routledge Handbook of Sign Language Translation and Interpreting Christopher Stone, Robert Adam, Ronice Müller de Quadros, Christian Rathmann, 2022-07-18 This Handbook provides the first comprehensive overview of sign language translation and interpretation from around the globe and looks ahead to future directions of research. Divided into eight parts, the book covers foundational skills, the working context of both the sign language translator and interpreter, their education, the sociological context, work settings, diverse service users, and a regional review of developments. The chapters are authored by a range of contributors, both deaf and hearing, from the Global North and South, diverse in ethnicity, language background, and academic discipline. Topics include the history of the profession, the provision of translation and interpreting in different domains and to different populations, the politics of provision, and the state of play of sign language translation and interpreting professions across the globe. Edited and authored by established and new voices in the field, this is the essential guide for advanced students and researchers of translation and interpretation studies and sign language. |
| 14 in sign language: Directions in Sign Language Acquisition Gary Morgan, Bencie Woll, 2002-01-01 This is the second volume in the series 'Trends in language acquisition research'. The unusual combination in one volume of reports on various different sign languages in acquisition makes this book quite unique. |
都说13代、14代酷睿处理器缩肛，具体是什么情况? - 知乎
目前的情况是英特尔酷睿13，14代处理器普遍有缩肛暗伤，不能长期高负载工作，否则稳定性会下降不可修复，因此在编译Shader时候，英特尔酷睿13，14代处理器会经历一次极为巨大的考 …
到2025了英特尔和AMD处理器怎么选？ - 知乎
最新13-14代新产品数据炸眼 一用就出状况。 人们大多数都回去12代了。 AMD，之前是弟中弟。 被Intel压的喘不过气来，趁着英特尔多年打盹，憋了大招，推出的锐龙R等系列超大杯只要半 …
正在组装电脑中，14600KF到底容易爆雷或缩肛吗？有没有必要多 …
13 14缩肛是因为夏天高温蓝屏，主板以为电压不够就加压—蓝屏—加压—蓝屏—缩肛，很多不锁电压的直接干到1.5 1.6v了 正常锁1.3 防掉压5-7 c状态打开完全没问题
如何评价2025年4月28日发布的ThinkPad T14p 2025？ - 知乎
且这代机器我个人认为是铁买新不买旧的，一个是对T14p这种性能释放并不极致的机器来说，ARL的能效升级帮助很大，性能提升是比14+这种机器更多的，其次是这机器的电池也没进 …
逆天｜详细说说苹果M4、M4 Pro和M4 Max
满血版的是14核CPU和20核GPU。 CPU核心多了4个，但GPU数量相比普通M4翻倍了。 M3 Pro的内存带宽很高，达到了273GB/s，相比M3 Pro提升了75%。 高带宽意味着短时间内可以 …
The M14 - M14 Forum
Apr 30, 2025 · Traditional M14 Platforms - M14, M1AWhat is the correct way of knowing that you have correct clamp load from the trigger group onto the trigger pads on the stock
Deekseek r1本地部署，14b和32b最小需要多大显存吗？ - 知乎
这时候核显的优势就显现出来了，在内存超频后推理速度提升18.89%，推理速度最高能够达到RTX 4060的6.14倍，RTX 4060TI 16GB的2.34倍。 不过，核心频率超频并不会给推理带来收益， …
Ruger Mini 14 | M14 Forum
Jun 6, 2025 · I actually love the Mini-14, for what it is. In my opinion, that's a patrol rifle, or short range security rifle. I had a stainless one for about 10 years, but I really want one of the older …
知乎
小米15系列升级亮点一图看懂，双击图片放大查看。
笔记本CPU天梯图2025年最新，电脑处理器性能排行榜排名，台式 …
6 days ago · 点评：14+系列作为轻薄本的标杆产品，各项配置用料都堆到了顶，无论是模具、屏幕、散热还是电池，每一项都是高标准的配置。
都说13代、14代酷睿处理器缩肛，具体是什么情况? - 知乎
目前的情况是英特尔酷睿13，14代处理器普遍有缩肛暗伤，不能长期高负载工作，否则稳定性会下降不可修复，因此在编译Shader时候，英特尔酷睿13，14代处理器会经历一次极为巨大的考 …
到2025了英特尔和AMD处理器怎么选？ - 知乎
最新13-14代新产品数据炸眼 一用就出状况。 人们大多数都回去12代了。 AMD，之前是弟中弟。 被Intel压的喘不过气来，趁着英特尔多年打盹，憋了大招，推出的锐龙R等系列超大杯只要半 …
正在组装电脑中，14600KF到底容易爆雷或缩肛吗？有没有必要多 …
13 14缩肛是因为夏天高温蓝屏，主板以为电压不够就加压—蓝屏—加压—蓝屏—缩肛，很多不锁电压的直接干到1.5 1.6v了 正常锁1.3 防掉压5-7 c状态打开完全没问题
如何评价2025年4月28日发布的ThinkPad T14p 2025？ - 知乎
且这代机器我个人认为是铁买新不买旧的，一个是对T14p这种性能释放并不极致的机器来说，ARL的能效升级帮助很大，性能提升是比14+这种机器更多的，其次是这机器的电池也没进 …
逆天｜详细说说苹果M4、M4 Pro和M4 Max
满血版的是14核CPU和20核GPU。 CPU核心多了4个，但GPU数量相比普通M4翻倍了。 M3 Pro的内存带宽很高，达到了273GB/s，相比M3 Pro提升了75%。 高带宽意味着短时间内可以向内 …
The M14 - M14 Forum
Apr 30, 2025 · Traditional M14 Platforms - M14, M1AWhat is the correct way of knowing that you have correct clamp load from the trigger group onto the trigger pads on the stock
Deekseek r1本地部署，14b和32b最小需要多大显存吗？ - 知乎
这时候核显的优势就显现出来了，在内存超频后推理速度提升18.89%，推理速度最高能够达到RTX 4060的6.14倍，RTX 4060TI 16GB的2.34倍。 不过，核心频率超频并不会给推理带来收益， …
Ruger Mini 14 | M14 Forum
Jun 6, 2025 · I actually love the Mini-14, for what it is. In my opinion, that's a patrol rifle, or short range security rifle. I had a stainless one for about 10 years, but I really want one of the older …
知乎
小米15系列升级亮点一图看懂，双击图片放大查看。
笔记本CPU天梯图2025年最新，电脑处理器性能排行榜排名，台 …
6 days ago · 点评：14+系列作为轻薄本的标杆产品，各项配置用料都堆到了顶，无论是模具、屏幕、散热还是电池，每一项都是高标准的配置。
