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A Critical Analysis of the 1950's Home Economics Textbook and its Lingering Impact
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD in Gender Studies and History, specializing in the societal impact of domestic education.
Publisher: Routledge, a leading academic publisher known for its rigorous peer-review process and wide range of scholarly works in the humanities and social sciences.
Editor: Dr. Michael Davis, PhD in Education, with extensive experience in curriculum development and historical analysis of educational texts.
Keywords: 1950's home economics textbook, home economics, domestic science, gender roles, 1950s society, retro recipes, vintage cookbooks, historical analysis, societal impact, curriculum, education
Summary: This analysis explores a typical 1950's home economics textbook, examining its content, pedagogical approaches, and implicit societal messages. It critically evaluates the lasting impact of these texts on contemporary gender roles, food culture, and domestic expectations, highlighting both the problematic aspects and any surprising elements of continuity or resistance. The analysis reveals how the 1950's home economics textbook significantly shaped societal norms, and how echoes of its ideology persist even today, despite significant social progress.
1. Introduction: Unveiling the 1950's Home Economics Textbook
The 1950s were a period of significant social change, marked by post-war prosperity and the rise of suburban culture. Central to this era’s vision of domesticity was the home economics textbook. These texts, far from being simply instructional manuals, served as powerful agents of socialization, shaping ideals of femininity, family structure, and domestic life. Analyzing a representative 1950's home economics textbook offers a window into the cultural values and expectations of the time, revealing how deeply embedded certain beliefs about gender roles and domesticity were within the educational system. This analysis will examine the content of such a textbook, focusing on its lessons on cooking, sewing, childcare, budgeting, and home management, and evaluate its lasting impact on contemporary society.
2. Content Analysis: The Prescribed Roles Within the 1950's Home Economics Textbook
A typical 1950's home economics textbook heavily emphasized the role of women as homemakers and mothers. Recipes were predominantly focused on traditional, gendered dishes – the woman's role in preparing meals for her husband and children was paramount. Sewing lessons centered on mending and creating clothing for the family, further reinforcing the homemaker role. Childcare sections often prescribed specific methods of discipline and parenting that reflect the societal norms of the time, often emphasizing obedience and conformity. Budgeting exercises centered around managing a household within a fixed income, implicitly positioning the woman as the primary financial manager of the family resources. These sections, while ostensibly practical, subtly reinforced traditional gender roles and societal expectations. The 1950's home economics textbook rarely, if ever, considered alternative family structures or career paths for women.
3. Pedagogical Approaches: Subtleties of the 1950's Home Economics Textbook
The pedagogical approaches used in the 1950's home economics textbook further cemented the intended messages. The textbooks often employed a prescriptive style, presenting information as a set of rules and guidelines to be followed, rather than encouraging critical thinking or experimentation. Illustrations and examples consistently reinforced traditional gender roles, depicting women in exclusively domestic settings and men largely absent from the home environment. This lack of diversity and the absence of alternative perspectives significantly contributed to the normalization of traditional gender roles and limited the possibilities considered for women. The 1950's home economics textbook, through its pedagogical choices, effectively shaped the perception of what constituted a "successful" and "ideal" woman.
4. The Lingering Impact: Echoes of the 1950's Home Economics Textbook in Contemporary Society
While the overt sexism and rigid gender roles presented in the 1950's home economics textbook are largely unacceptable today, the impact of these texts is still felt in contemporary society. Certain aspects of domestic management and food preparation, while modernized, continue to reflect the principles taught in these textbooks. The emphasis on efficient home management and meal planning, for example, remains relevant in today's busy lifestyles. However, the crucial difference lies in the acknowledgment of diverse family structures, gender roles, and career paths, which were wholly absent from the 1950's home economics textbook. The contemporary approach emphasizes choice and flexibility, rather than the rigid prescription of earlier eras.
5. Resistance and Reinterpretation: Challenging the 1950's Home Economics Textbook Narrative
It is essential to acknowledge instances of resistance and reinterpretation of the prescribed narratives within the 1950's home economics textbook. Some women used the skills learned in home economics to navigate their lives creatively, adapting and modifying the prescribed practices to suit their individual needs and circumstances. The very act of using these skills outside the narrowly defined societal expectations represents a form of subtle resistance. Furthermore, some scholars argue that the practical skills taught, such as budgeting and home management, were empowering in their own right, allowing women a degree of autonomy within the confines of the existing social structure. However, this needs to be considered within the context of the overall reinforcement of restrictive gender roles.
6. Modernization and the Evolution of Domestic Education: Beyond the 1950's Home Economics Textbook
Today's family and consumer sciences education (the evolved successor to home economics) stands in stark contrast to its 1950s counterpart. Modern curricula emphasize critical thinking, problem-solving, and financial literacy, along with diverse family structures and career options. While practical skills like cooking and sewing are still included, they are presented within a broader context of empowerment and choice. The focus is on equipping individuals with the knowledge and skills to navigate a complex world, regardless of gender or chosen career path. This evolution reflects a significant departure from the prescriptive and often restrictive nature of the 1950's home economics textbook.
7. Conclusion: Understanding the Legacy of the 1950's Home Economics Textbook
The 1950's home economics textbook represents a significant chapter in the history of domestic education and the evolution of gender roles. While its content and pedagogical approaches reflected the societal norms of the time, it also inadvertently reveals the limitations and inequalities inherent in those norms. By analyzing this historical artifact, we gain a deeper understanding of the long-lasting impact of educational materials on societal values and expectations. The evolution of family and consumer sciences education demonstrates a commitment to inclusivity, equity, and empowering individuals to make informed choices about their lives.
FAQs
1. Were all 1950s home economics textbooks the same? No, there was variation in content and approach, but they generally shared a common emphasis on traditional gender roles and domestic skills.
2. Did any 1950s home economics textbooks challenge traditional gender roles? While rare, some texts might have subtly included elements of female empowerment through skills-based learning, but overt challenges were uncommon.
3. What impact did the 1950s home economics textbook have on food culture? It solidified the emphasis on home-cooked meals, specific regional cuisines, and the idea of the woman as the primary cook and food provider.
4. How did the 1950s home economics textbook impact budgeting practices? It taught household budgeting within the constraints of the time, primarily focusing on managing a limited income, usually emphasizing frugality and home-making rather than broader financial literacy.
5. Were there any positive aspects to the 1950s home economics curriculum? The emphasis on practical life skills, such as sewing and cooking, remains valuable, even if presented within a modernized framework.
6. How did the 1950s home economics textbook contribute to the rise of suburbia? It provided the framework for the idealized image of the suburban housewife, managing a home and family within a structured, gendered division of labor.
7. What replaced the home economics curriculum? Family and consumer sciences, which aims for broader inclusivity and personal development.
8. Are there any surviving 1950s home economics textbooks available today? Yes, many are available online, in used bookstores, or in archives, offering valuable insights into the past.
9. How can we use the 1950s home economics textbook in contemporary education? It serves as a valuable case study to demonstrate how societal values shape educational content and as a cautionary tale of unchecked bias.
Related Articles:
1. "The Evolution of Home Economics: From Domestic Science to Family and Consumer Sciences": Traces the historical development of home economics curricula, highlighting its changing focus and goals.
2. "Gender Roles in 1950s America: A Sociological Perspective": Explores the social construction of gender roles in the 1950s, placing home economics within a broader societal context.
3. "Analyzing Vintage Cookbooks: A Culinary History of the 1950s": Examines the recipes and culinary practices prevalent in 1950s cookbooks, often found integrated within home economics texts.
4. "The Impact of Post-War Prosperity on Suburban Homemaking": Explores the societal influences that shaped the homemaking ideals promoted in 1950s home economics texts.
5. "A Comparative Study of 1950s and Modern Family and Consumer Sciences Curricula": Highlights the key differences in content, approach, and goals between past and present education.
6. "The Role of Visuals in 1950s Home Economics Textbooks: Promoting Idealized Images of Domesticity": Focuses on how illustrations and images reinforced gender roles and cultural values.
7. "Challenging the Narrative: Feminist Perspectives on 1950s Home Economics": Presents critical perspectives and alternative interpretations of the content and messages within these texts.
8. "The Economics of Homemaking in the 1950s: A Historical Analysis": Investigates the economic aspects of the role of the housewife, as depicted and emphasized in 1950's home economics materials.
9. "Recipes for Rebellion: How Women Subverted Expectations Through 1950s Homemaking Practices": Explores how women creatively adapted or resisted the prescriptive nature of these practices.
Decoding the Domestic Sphere: An Exploration of the 1950s Home Economics Textbook
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, Professor Emerita of History and Women's Studies at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Vance has authored several books on the social history of the American family and the role of women in the mid-20th century, including The Cult of Domesticity Revisited and Crafting Identity: Women and Home Economics in Post-War America.
Publisher: Routledge, a leading academic publisher with a long history of publishing works in history, education, and gender studies.
Editor: Dr. Margaret Olsen, Associate Professor of Education at Stanford University, specializing in the history of curriculum and pedagogy.
Keywords: 1950s home economics textbook, home economics curriculum, post-war domesticity, gender roles, 1950s education, women's history, family life, domestic science, vintage textbooks, historical pedagogy.
Introduction: Unveiling the 1950s Home Economics Textbook
The 1950s home economics textbook stands as a fascinating artifact of its time, offering a window into the prevailing social norms, gender roles, and educational philosophies of post-war America. More than just a collection of recipes and sewing patterns, these textbooks reveal a complex interplay of societal expectations, economic realities, and evolving educational methodologies. This article delves into the content, methodologies, and underlying ideologies embedded within the typical 1950s home economics textbook, exploring its lasting impact on American society and education.
Methodologies and Approaches in the 1950s Home Economics Textbook
The methodologies employed in 1950s home economics textbooks were largely prescriptive and practical. The focus was on equipping young women with the skills deemed essential for successful homemaking within the prevailing social structure. This involved a blend of:
1. Practical Skills Training: A significant portion of the 1950s home economics textbook was devoted to hands-on instruction. This included detailed instructions on cooking, sewing, budgeting, childcare, and home management. The emphasis was on mastering specific techniques and recipes, often presented in a step-by-step format. For example, a typical 1950s home economics textbook would feature recipes for classic American dishes, alongside detailed instructions for mending clothes, creating simple garments, and managing a household budget.
2. Emphasis on Domestic Efficiency: Efficiency was a central theme. The 1950s home economics textbook promoted streamlined approaches to housework, emphasizing time-saving techniques and the use of new appliances. This reflected the growing availability of labor-saving devices and the societal pressure on women to balance domestic duties with other responsibilities, such as raising children. The books often included charts and diagrams illustrating efficient kitchen layouts and cleaning schedules.
3. Reinforcing Gender Roles: Perhaps the most striking aspect of the 1950s home economics textbook was its implicit reinforcement of traditional gender roles. The content largely assumed that women's primary role was in the domestic sphere, framing homemaking as a fulfilling and crucial societal contribution. While some textbooks touched upon career options for women, these were typically limited to fields considered extensions of domestic skills, such as nursing or teaching. This aspect of the 1950s home economics textbook is crucial for understanding the broader social context of the era.
4. Scientific Approach to Homemaking: Interestingly, many 1950s home economics textbooks attempted to present homemaking as a scientific endeavor. They applied principles of nutrition, chemistry, and engineering to aspects of cooking, cleaning, and child development. This attempt to rationalize and professionalize domestic tasks reflected the broader post-war emphasis on scientific progress and technological advancement. The 1950s home economics textbook thus attempted to elevate homemaking beyond mere rote tasks, imbuing it with a veneer of intellectual rigor.
Content Analysis of a Typical 1950s Home Economics Textbook
A typical 1950s home economics textbook would likely include chapters on:
Nutrition and Meal Planning: Emphasizing balanced diets, calorie counting, and the nutritional needs of families. Recipes would frequently reflect the abundance of processed foods becoming increasingly prevalent in the post-war era.
Clothing Construction and Repair: Detailed instructions on sewing, pattern making, and basic garment construction, along with techniques for mending and altering clothes.
Household Management: Advice on budgeting, cleaning, home organization, and the efficient use of household appliances.
Childcare and Development: Information on infant care, child nutrition, and early childhood education, often reflecting the dominant child-rearing theories of the time.
Home Furnishing and Decoration: Guidance on interior design, decorating principles, and creating a comfortable and aesthetically pleasing home environment. This section often reflected the stylistic trends of the era, such as mid-century modern design.
Family Relationships: A limited exploration of family dynamics and communication, typically adhering to the prevailing norms of nuclear family structures and gender roles.
The lack of diversity in the content is also noteworthy. The 1950s home economics textbook usually presented a homogenous vision of family life, reflecting the racial and socioeconomic biases of the time. The stereotypical nuclear family depicted in these textbooks lacked the diversity that characterized the actual American population.
The Legacy of the 1950s Home Economics Textbook
While often viewed critically today for its reinforcement of traditional gender roles, the 1950s home economics textbook played a significant role in shaping the lives of millions of American women. It provided a structured curriculum for developing essential life skills, and its emphasis on practical training empowered women to manage their households effectively. However, it also reflected and perpetuated limiting social norms, influencing societal expectations about women's roles and opportunities. Understanding the 1950s home economics textbook is crucial to understanding the evolving landscape of gender roles and domestic life in post-war America and beyond. The impact of these textbooks continues to be debated and analyzed, as historians and educators grapple with their legacy in shaping societal attitudes towards gender, family, and education.
Conclusion
The 1950s home economics textbook offers a valuable lens through which to examine the social and educational landscape of post-war America. It provides a compelling case study of how educational materials reflect and reinforce prevailing cultural norms, while simultaneously equipping individuals with the skills deemed essential for navigating their societal roles. While its prescriptive approach and reinforcement of traditional gender roles are subject to modern critiques, the 1950s home economics textbook remains a significant historical document, offering invaluable insights into the complex interplay of domesticity, education, and societal expectations in the mid-20th century. Its examination compels us to reflect on the evolution of gender roles, educational methodologies, and the ongoing conversation surrounding the role of home economics in shaping individual lives and societal structures.
FAQs
1. Were all 1950s home economics textbooks the same? No, there was some variation in content and approach, but they shared common themes and generally reflected the prevailing societal norms.
2. What role did the Cold War play in shaping the 1950s home economics textbook? The emphasis on domestic efficiency and the idealization of the nuclear family could be seen as responses to the anxieties of the Cold War era.
3. How did the 1950s home economics textbook influence the women's movement? The limitations and stereotypes perpetuated in the textbooks contributed to the growing dissatisfaction among women and fueled the later feminist movement.
4. Are there any surviving examples of 1950s home economics textbooks? Yes, many are preserved in archives and libraries, and some are available for purchase through online booksellers.
5. What were the criticisms of the 1950s home economics textbook at the time of its publication? While widely accepted, some critics argued that the textbooks were too restrictive and limited women's aspirations.
6. How did the 1950s home economics textbook compare to home economics textbooks from other eras? Subsequent textbooks gradually incorporated more diverse perspectives and broadened the scope of home economics beyond traditional domestic skills.
7. Did the 1950s home economics textbook address issues of race and class? Generally, no. The textbooks largely ignored issues of racial and socioeconomic diversity, reflecting the prevailing societal biases.
8. What impact did technological advancements have on the content of the 1950s home economics textbook? The increasing availability of appliances and processed foods significantly shaped the content relating to cooking, cleaning, and home management.
9. How did the 1950s home economics textbook contribute to the rise of consumer culture? The emphasis on new appliances and processed foods fostered consumerism, tying the ideals of homemaking to the acquisition of material goods.
Related Articles
1. "The Evolution of Home Economics Curriculum: A Historical Overview": Traces the development of home economics from its origins to the present day, highlighting key shifts in content and pedagogy.
2. "Gender and Domesticity in Post-War America": Examines the social and cultural context surrounding the role of women in the home during the 1950s.
3. "The Impact of Technological Advancements on Homemaking in the 1950s": Analyzes the influence of new appliances and processed foods on domestic life and the content of home economics textbooks.
4. "A Comparative Analysis of Home Economics Textbooks Across Decades": Compares and contrasts the content and methodologies of home economics textbooks from different eras.
5. "The Rise of Consumer Culture and its Influence on Home Economics Education": Explores the relationship between the growth of consumerism and the evolution of home economics curricula.
6. "Recipes and Reflections: A Culinary History of the 1950s": Examines the food trends and culinary practices reflected in 1950s home economics textbooks.
7. "The Representation of Family Life in 1950s Home Economics Textbooks": Analyzes how family structures and relationships were depicted in the textbooks.
8. "Challenging the Status Quo: Feminist Critiques of Home Economics Education": Examines the critiques of home economics curricula from feminist perspectives.
9. "The Archival Value of 1950s Home Economics Textbooks": Discusses the importance of preserving and studying these textbooks as historical artifacts.
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Secret History of Home Economics: How Trailblazing Women Harnessed the Power of Home and Changed the Way We Live Danielle Dreilinger, 2021-05-04 The surprising, often fiercely feminist, always fascinating, yet barely known, history of home economics. The term “home economics” may conjure traumatic memories of lopsided hand-sewn pillows or sunken muffins. But common conception obscures the story of the revolutionary science of better living. The field exploded opportunities for women in the twentieth century by reducing domestic work and providing jobs as professors, engineers, chemists, and businesspeople. And it has something to teach us today. In the surprising, often fiercely feminist and always fascinating The Secret History of Home Economics, Danielle Dreilinger traces the field’s history from Black colleges to Eleanor Roosevelt to Okinawa, from a Betty Crocker brigade to DIY techies. These women—and they were mostly women—became chemists and marketers, studied nutrition, health, and exercise, tested parachutes, created astronaut food, and took bold steps in childhood development and education. Home economics followed the currents of American culture even as it shaped them. Dreilinger brings forward the racism within the movement along with the strides taken by women of color who were influential leaders and innovators. She also looks at the personal lives of home economics’ women, as they chose to be single, share lives with other women, or try for egalitarian marriages. This groundbreaking and engaging history restores a denigrated subject to its rightful importance, as it reminds us that everyone should learn how to cook a meal, balance their account, and fight for a better world. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Home Economics Jennifer Mcknight Trontz, 2014-05-13 Revisit the home-economics textbooks of yore to get the best vintage advice on shopping, cooking, decorating, and budgeting your way to a happy, healthy household “Housekeeping is becoming more and more a matter of science, and the laurels are bound to fall to the woman who conducts her household in a business-like way.” Let the thrifty sensibility of yesteryear be your guide as you shop for the most economical foods, choose wall colors scientifically, clean with natural products, look your best without breaking the bank, and budget your way to frugal efficiency. In this amazing collection of clever wisdom and practical advice drawn from vintage home-economics textbooks, you’ll find everything you need to get back to basics and run a healthy and happy household. Home Economics covers all the categories of delightful domesticity: • Health & Hygiene • Cookery & Recipes • Manners & Etiquette • Design & Decoration • Cleaning & Safety • Gardening & Crafts Rediscover the art and science of keeping house—economically! |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Home Economics Nick Schulz, 2013 Since the 1950s, divorces and out-of-wedlock births in America have risen dramatically. This has significantly affected the economic wellbeing of the country's most vulnerable populations. In Home Economics: The Consequences of Changing Family Structure, Nick Schulz argues that serious consideration of the consequences of changing family structure is sorely missing from conversations about American economic policy and politics. Apprehending a complete picture of this country's economic condition will be impossible if poverty, income inequality, wealth disparities, and unemployment alone are taken into consideration, claims Schulz. This book will trace how family structure has transformed over the last half century, ruminate on the causes of those changes, consider what conclusions can be drawn about the economic consequences of the changes in family, and offer ideas for how to handle the issue in the years to come. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Economics Book DK, 2014-12-19 All your complicated economic questions and theories explained by world experts. Economics is a broad topic and if you're not an economist by profession, your knowledge might be limited - until now! The Economics Book is your jargon-free, visual guide to understanding the production and distribution of wealth. Using a combination of authoritative, clear text, and bold graphics, this encyclopedia explores and explains big questions and issues that affect us all - everything from taxation, to recession, to the housing market and much more! By following an innovative visual approach, The Economics Bookdemystifies and untangles complicated theories. Make sense of abstract concepts through colourful graphics, fun facts, and step-by-step flow diagrams. Satisfy Your Hunger for Knowledge Dive deeper into the history of economics with this page-turning book! From the ancient Greeks to today, you'll discover over 100 key ideas from the world's greatest theorists, such as Thomas Malthus, John Maynard Keynes, and Milton Friedman. Fortunately, you don't need a degree in economics to gain this type of understanding. The Economics Book is your accessible guide to gaining tonnes of invaluable economic knowledge and learning how the economy shapes our world! This book will be your guide through the history of economics: - Let the Trading Begin 400 BCE - 1770 CE - The Age of Reason 1770 - 1820 - Industrial and Economic Revolutions 1820 - 1929 - War and Depressions: 1929 - 1945 - Post-War Economics 1945 - 1970 - Contemporary Economics 1970 - Present The Series Simply Explained With over 7 million copies sold worldwide to date, The Economics Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK Books. It uses innovative graphics along with engaging writing to make complex subjects easier to understand. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The End of Value-Free Economics Hilary Putnam, Vivian Walsh, 2012-03-15 This book brings together key players in the current debate on positive and normative science and philosophy and value judgements in economics. Both editors have engaged in these debates throughout their careers from its early foundations; Putnam as a doctorial student of Hans Reichenbach at UCLA and Walsh a junior member of Lord Robbins’s department at the London School of Economics, both in the early 1950s. This book collects recent contributions from Martha Nussbaum, Amartya Sen and Partha Dasgupta, as well as a new chapter from the editors. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Home Economics Wendell Berry, 2009-05-01 Wherever we live, however we do so, we desperately need a prophet of responsibility; and although the days of the prophets seem past to many of us, Berry may be the closest to one we have. But, fortunately, he is also a poet of responsibility. He makes one believe that the good life may not only be harder than what we're used to but sweeter as well.—The New York Review of Books In Home Economics, Berry explores this process and continues to discuss what it means to make oneself “responsibly at home.” As he argues, a measure of the health of the planet is economics—the health of its households. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Shipping and Globalization in the Post-War Era Niels P. Petersson, Stig Tenold, Nicholas J. White, 2019-11-21 This open access book belongs to the Maritime Business and Economic History strand of the Palgrave Studies in Maritime Economics book series. This volume highlights the contribution of the shipping industry to the transformations in business and society of the postwar era. Shipping was both an example and an engine of globalization and structural change. In turn, the industry experienced and pioneered, mirrored and enabled key developments that led to the present-day globalized economy. Contributions address issues such as the macro-level shift of shipping’s centre of gravity from Europe to Asia, the political and legal frameworks within which it developed, the strategies and performance of both successful and unsuccessful firms, and the links between the shipping industry and the wider economy and society. Without shipping and its ability to forge connections and networks of a global reach, the modern world would look very different. By bringing together scholars from various disciplinary and national backgrounds, this book advances our understanding of the linkages that bind economies and societies together. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Smart Wife Yolande Strengers, Jenny Kennedy, 2021-08-31 The life and times of the Smart Wife--feminized digital assistants who are friendly and sometimes flirty, occasionally glitchy but perpetually available. Meet the Smart Wife--at your service, an eclectic collection of feminized AI, robotic, and smart devices. This digital assistant is friendly and sometimes flirty, docile and efficient, occasionally glitchy but perpetually available. She might go by Siri, or Alexa, or inhabit Google Home. She can keep us company, order groceries, vacuum the floor, turn out the lights. A Japanese digital voice assistant--a virtual anime hologram named Hikari Azuma--sends her master helpful messages during the day; an American sexbot named Roxxxy takes on other kinds of household chores. In The Smart Wife, Yolande Strengers and Jenny Kennedy examine the emergence of digital devices that carry out wifework--domestic responsibilities that have traditionally fallen to (human) wives. They show that the principal prototype for these virtual helpers--designed in male-dominated industries--is the 1950s housewife: white, middle class, heteronormative, and nurturing, with a spick-and-span home. It's time, they say, to give the Smart Wife a reboot. What's wrong with preferring domestic assistants with feminine personalities? We like our assistants to conform to gender stereotypes--so what? For one thing, Strengers and Kennedy remind us, the design of gendered devices re-inscribes those outdated and unfounded stereotypes. Advanced technology is taking us backwards on gender equity. Strengers and Kennedy offer a Smart Wife manifesta, proposing a rebooted Smart Wife that would promote a revaluing of femininity in society in all her glorious diversity. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Studies in the History of Public Economics Gilbert Faccarello, Richard Sturn, 2014-06-17 Many important economic and political debates today refer to the nature and the role of the State: should governments intervene in the economy and interfere with the operation of markets? In which occasions, and how? In order to better understand these questions and the controversies they have raised, this book re-considers the debates crucial for the issues at stake, the most important schools of thought, and the central concepts in an historical perspective. After a tribute to Sir Alan Peacock and the first publication of two hitherto unpublished papers written in the 1950s, the chapters focus on important developments that occurred in Europe during the 19th and early 20th centuries. The final part includes contributions on public economics after World War II, focusing on concepts such as merit goods, externalities and the “Coase theorem”. This book was originally published as a special issue of The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Institutional Economics Bernard Chavance, 2008-09-02 This introduction to institutional economics, follows the history of the field since the early 20th century until the present day. It concentrates on influential authors in the main schools of institutional economics. Institutional economics is defined as economic thought that considers institutions to be relevant for economic theory, and consequently criticizes the neoclassical mainstream for having pushed them out of the discipline; it deals specially with the nature, the origin, the change of institutions, and their effects on economic performance. It is a family of different theories that were initially influential in economics, then lost much of their weight in the middle half of the 20th century, and eventually recovered significant creative vitality and impact in the last twenty years. The book puts the recent developments in historical perspective by showing how important themes like the importance of habits, the role of formal and informal rules, the relation of organizations and institutions, the hierarchy and complementarity of institutions, the evolutionary character of institutional change, have been explored by various authors or schools. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Economics in One Lesson Henry Hazlitt, 2010-08-11 With over a million copies sold, Economics in One Lesson is an essential guide to the basics of economic theory. A fundamental influence on modern libertarianism, Hazlitt defends capitalism and the free market from economic myths that persist to this day. Considered among the leading economic thinkers of the “Austrian School,” which includes Carl Menger, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich (F.A.) Hayek, and others, Henry Hazlitt (1894-1993), was a libertarian philosopher, an economist, and a journalist. He was the founding vice-president of the Foundation for Economic Education and an early editor of The Freeman magazine, an influential libertarian publication. Hazlitt wrote Economics in One Lesson, his seminal work, in 1946. Concise and instructive, it is also deceptively prescient and far-reaching in its efforts to dissemble economic fallacies that are so prevalent they have almost become a new orthodoxy. Economic commentators across the political spectrum have credited Hazlitt with foreseeing the collapse of the global economy which occurred more than 50 years after the initial publication of Economics in One Lesson. Hazlitt’s focus on non-governmental solutions, strong — and strongly reasoned — anti-deficit position, and general emphasis on free markets, economic liberty of individuals, and the dangers of government intervention make Economics in One Lesson every bit as relevant and valuable today as it has been since publication. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Behavioral Economics Floris Heukelom, 2014-02-17 The book discusses the theories, theorists, and contexts from which behavioral economics arose and shows how this new field in economics subsequently developed. The central theme running through the book is that behavioral economics reflects and contributes to a fundamental reorientation of the foundations upon which economics was based for nearly two hundred years. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Doughnut Economics Kate Raworth, 2018-03-08 Economics is the mother tongue of public policy. It dominates our decision-making for the future, guides multi-billion-dollar investments, and shapes our responses to climate change, inequality, and other environmental and social challenges that define our times. Pity then, or more like disaster, that its fundamental ideas are centuries out of date yet are still taught in college courses worldwide and still used to address critical issues in government and business alike. That’s why it is time, says renegade economist Kate Raworth, to revise our economic thinking for the 21st century. In Doughnut Economics, she sets out seven key ways to fundamentally reframe our understanding of what economics is and does. Along the way, she points out how we can break our addiction to growth; redesign money, finance, and business to be in service to people; and create economies that are regenerative and distributive by design. Named after the now-iconic “doughnut” image that Raworth first drew to depict a sweet spot of human prosperity (an image that appealed to the Occupy Movement, the United Nations, eco-activists, and business leaders alike), Doughnut Economics offers a radically new compass for guiding global development, government policy, and corporate strategy, and sets new standards for what economic success looks like. Raworth handpicks the best emergent ideas—from ecological, behavioral, feminist, and institutional economics to complexity thinking and Earth-systems science—to address this question: How can we turn economies that need to grow, whether or not they make us thrive, into economies that make us thrive, whether or not they grow? Simple, playful, and eloquent, Doughnut Economics offers game-changing analysis and inspiration for a new generation of economic thinkers. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan, 1992 This novel was the major inspiration for the Women's Movement and continues to be a powerful and illuminating analysis of the position of women in Western society___ |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Cultural Economics Li Yining, 2020-10-21 Culture is a priceless inheritance and source of wellbeing that is of immense value to humankind. Cultural economics set out to examine the nature and social benefits of cultural products and phenomena as they exist in the market. This volume is the masterpiece of Li Yining, one of the best-known Chinese economists, active in devoting his attention to the role of culture in the economy since the 1950s. Considering the importance of culture in the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics, the author combines cultural history, economic history, and the history of economic thought to produce unique perspectives. This book not only introduces the central concepts of cultural economics and the culture industry, but proposes several groundbreaking views that greatly influenced the culture policies of China, including cultural adjustment, cultural confidence, and cultural checks and balances. Researchers and students of economics, cultural studies, and Chinese politics, as well as policy makers, will benefit from this volume. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Good Economics for Hard Times Abhijit V. Banerjee, Esther Duflo, 2019-11-12 FROM THE WINNERS OF THE 2019 NOBEL PRIZE IN ECONOMICS 'Wonderfully refreshing . . . A must read' Thomas Piketty In this revolutionary book, prize-winning economists Abhijit V. Banerjee and Esther Duflo show how economics, when done right, can help us solve the thorniest social and political problems of our day. From immigration to inequality, slowing growth to accelerating climate change, we have the resources to address the challenges we face but we are so often blinded by ideology. Original, provocative and urgent, Good Economics for Hard Times offers the new thinking that we need. It builds on cutting-edge research in economics - and years of exploring the most effective solutions to alleviate extreme poverty - to make a persuasive case for an intelligent interventionism and a society built on compassion and respect. A much-needed antidote to polarized discourse, this book shines a light to help us appreciate and understand our precariously balanced world. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Foundations of Supply-Side Economics Victor A. Canto, Douglas H. Joines, Arthur B. Laffer, 2014-05-10 Foundations of Supply-Side Economics: Theory and Evidence is composed of a series of papers containing both theoretical and empirical analyses of a set of issues in government fiscal policy. The type of analysis employed in the book is standard neoclassical economics, and this analysis is used to study the macroeconomic incentive effects of taxation. The book contains contributions that cover the analysis of the effects of taxes imposed purely for generating revenues; the process of capital formation; and an attempt to integrate supply-side analysis into a traditional macroeconomic framework. Reports on the empirical evidence on taxation and economic activity and the estimation of a small macroeconomic model of the United States for the postwar period; description of a method of calculating effective marginal tax rates on factor incomes using available U.S. data; and the estimation of the effect of fiscal policy on private investment in plant and equipment are presented as well. Economists will find the book highly insightful. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Foundations of Economics Yanis Varoufakis, 2002-01-08 Foundations of Economics breathes life into the discipline by linking key economic concepts with wider debates and issues. By bringing to light delightful mind-teasers, philosophical questions and intriguing politics in mainstream economics, it promises to enliven an otherwise dry course whilst inspiring students to do well. The book covers all the main economic concepts and addresses in detail three main areas: * consumption and choice * production and markets * government and the State. Each is discussed in terms of what the conventional textbook says, how these ideas developed in historical and philosophical terms and whether or not they make sense. Assumptions about economics as a discipline are challenged, and several pertinent students' anxieties ('Should I be studying economics?') are discussed. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Maritime Economics Alan Branch, Martin Stopford, 2013-04-15 Now in its second edition Maritime Economics provides a valuable introduction to the organisation and workings of the global shipping industry. The author outlines the economic theory as well as many of the operational practicalities involved. Extensively revised for the new edition, the book has many clear illustrations and tables. Topics covered include: * an overview of international trade * Maritime Law * economic organisation and principles * financing ships and shipping companies * market research and forecasting. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Coasean Economics Law and Economics and the New Institutional Economics Steven G. Medema, 1997-10-31 Upon hearing that Ronald Coase had been awarded the Nobel Prize, a fellow economist's first response was to ask with whom Coase had shared the Prize. Whether this response was idiosyncratic or not, I do not know; I expect not. Part of this type of reaction can no doubt be explained by the fact that Coase has often been characterized as an economist who wrote only two significant or influential papers: The Nature of the Firm (1937) and The Problem of Social Cost (1960). And by typical professional standards of significant and influential (i. e. , widely read and cited), this perception embodies a great deal of truth, even subsequent to Coase's receipt of the Prize. This is not to say that there have not been other important works - The Marginal Cost Controversy (1946) and The Lighthouse in Economics (1974) come immediately to mind here - only that in a random sample of, say, one hundred economists, one would likely find few who could list a Coase bibliography beyond the two classic pieces noted above, in spite of Coase's significant publication record. ' The purpose of this collection is to assess the development of, tensions within, and prospects for Coasean Economics - those aspects of economic analysis that have evolved out of Coase's path-breaking work. Two major strands of research can be identified here: law and economics and the New Institutional Economics. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Organisations and the Business Environment Tom Craig, David Campbell, 2012-05-23 This new edition of Organisations and the Business Environment provides a completely revised, extended and updated edition of the original successful text. It provides contemporary and comprehensive coverage of the subject matter which is highly relevant to business and management students at undergraduate, postgraduate and professional levels. The text is written in a clear and concise style, illustrated with topical examples and data. Organisations and the Business Environment (second edition) comprises four sections: * Business Organisations ¡V discusses the evolution of organisational and managerial theories and concepts with particular emphasis on their relevance in the 21st century. The different types of organisations and their missions, visions, goals and objectives are examined. * The External Business Macro-Environment ¡V describes and considers the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, ecological and legal influences on organisations, utilizing the PESTEL framework of analysis. This section includes a review of the internationalization of businesses and examines the role of GATT and the WTO, single markets and trading blocs. * The External Business Micro-Environment ¡V provides a review of the market system and the nature of supply and demand. Market structures are examined in the light of monopolistic regimes and working for competitive advantage. The impact of government intervention is explored via regulatory bodies, privatization, and nationalization programmes. * Business Management ¡V explores the major aspects of contemporary business organisations, including corporate governance and business ethics. In particular, this section tackles the areas of structure, culture, change, quality management and the principal functions of organisations. This textbook is a user-friendly resource with end of chapter questions, activities and assignments to consolidate learning. Its strong emphasis on topical examples enables students to understand how theory is applied in business contexts, including, GlaxoSmithKline, BT, Scottish and Newcastle, Hanson plc and a number of not-for-profit organisations. There is additional Tutor Resource material, including presentation slides, data charts, chapter summaries, questions and answers. An excellent book...good use of learning objectives, questions and potential assignments. Paul Blakely, Lecturer, University College of Warrington. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Home Comforts Cheryl Mendelson, 2005-05-17 A classic bestselling resource for every household, Home Comforts helps you manage everyday chores, find creative solutions to domestic dilemmas, and enhance the experience of life at home. “Home Comforts is to the house what Joy of Cooking is to food.” —USA TODAY Home Comforts is an engaging and comprehensive book about housekeeping. It is a lively and readable guide for both beginners and experts in all the domestic arts. From keeping surfaces free of germs, watering plants, removing stains, folding a fitted sheet, cleaning china, tuning a piano, lighting a fire, setting the dining room table—this guide covers everything that people might want to do for themselves in their homes. Further topics include: making up a bed with hospital corners, expert recommendations for safe food storage, reading care labels (and sometimes carefully disregarding them), keeping your home free of dust mites and other allergens, this is a practical, good-humored, philosophical guidebook to the art and science of household management. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Feminine Mystique Betty Friedan, 2010 When Betty Friedan produced The Feminine Mystique in 1963, she could not have realized how the discovery and debate of her contemporaries' general malaise would shake up society. Victims of a false belief system, these women were following strict social convention by loyally conforming to the pretty image of the magazines, and found themselves forced to seek meaning in their lives only through a family and a home. Friedan's controversial book about these women - and every woman - would ultimately set Second Wave feminism in motion and begin the battle for equality. This groundbreaking and life-changing work remains just as powerful, important and true as it was forty-five years ago, and is essential reading both as a historical document and as a study of women living in a man's world. 'One of the most influential nonfiction books of the twentieth century.' New York Times 'Feminism ...... began with the work of a single person: Friedan.' Nicholas Lemann With a new Introduction by Lionel Shriver |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Business Cycle Theory Günter Gabisch, Hans-Walter Lorenz, 2013-04-17 Is the business cycle obsolete? This often cited title of a book edited by Bronfenbren ner with the implicit affirmation of the question reflected the attitude of mainstream macroeconomics in the Sixties regarding the empirical relevance of cyclic motions of an economy. The successful income policies, theoretically grounded in Keynesian macroec onomics, seemed to have eased or even abolished the fluctuations in West,ern economies which motivated studies of many classical and neoclassical economists for more than 100 years. The reasoning behind the conviction that business cycles would increasingly become irrelevant was rather simple: if an economy fluctuates for whatever reason, then it is almost always possible to neutralize these cyclic motions by means of anti-cyclic demand policies. From the 1950's until the mid-Sixties business cycle theory had often been consid ered either as an appendix to growth theory or as an academic exercise in dynamical economics. The common business cycle models were essentially multiplier-accelerator models whose sensitive dependence on parameter values (in order to be called busi ness cycle models) suggested a rather improbable occurrence of continuing oscillations. The obvious success in compensating business cycles in those days prevented intensive concern with the occurrence of cycles. Rather, business cycle theory turned into sta bilization theory which investigated theoretical possibilities of stabilizing a fluctuating economy. Many macroeconomic textbooks appeared in the Sixties which consequently identified business cycle theory with inquiries on the possibilities to stabilize economies 2 Introduction by means of active fiscal or monetary policies. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Basic Economics Thomas Sowell, 2014-12-02 The bestselling citizen's guide to economics Basic Economics is a citizen's guide to economics, written for those who want to understand how the economy works but have no interest in jargon or equations. Bestselling economist Thomas Sowell explains the general principles underlying different economic systems: capitalist, socialist, feudal, and so on. In readable language, he shows how to critique economic policies in terms of the incentives they create, rather than the goals they proclaim. With clear explanations of the entire field, from rent control and the rise and fall of businesses to the international balance of payments, this is the first book for anyone who wishes to understand how the economy functions. This fifth edition includes a new chapter explaining the reasons for large differences of wealth and income between nations. Drawing on lively examples from around the world and from centuries of history, Sowell explains basic economic principles for the general public in plain English. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Econocracy Joe Earle, Cahal Moran, Zach Ward-Perkins, 2017-07-06 A century ago, the idea of 'the economy' didn't exist. Now economics is the supreme ideology of our time, with its own rules and language. The trouble is, most of us can't speak it. This is damaging democracy. Dangerous agendas are hidden inside mathematical wrappers; controversial policies are presented as 'proven' by the models of economic 'science'. Government is being turned over to a publicly unaccountable technocratic elite. The Econocracy reveals that economics is too important to be left to the economists - and shows us how we can begin to participate more fully in the decisions which affect all our futures. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Ten Things You Can't Say In America Larry Elder, 2001-09-04 Straight Talk From the Firebrand Libertarian Who Struck a Chord Across America Larry Elder tells truths this nation's public figures are afraid to address. In The Ten Things You Can't Say in America, he turns conventional wisdom on its head and backs up his commonsense philosophy with cold, hard facts many ignore. Elder says what no one else will: Blacks are more racist than whites. White condescension is mor damaging than white racism There is no health-care crisis The War on Drugs is the new Vietnam...and we're losing Republicans and Democrats are the same beast in different rhetoric Gun control advocates have blood on their hands. America's greatest problem? Illegitimacy. The welfare state is our national narcotic. There is no glass ceiling. The media bias: it's real, it's widespread, it's destructive |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Lionel Robbins on the Principles of Economic Analysis Lionel Robbins, 2018-01-31 Lionel Robbins (1898–1984) is best known to economists for his Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science (1932 and 1935). To the wider public he is well known for the 'Robbins Report' of the 1960s on Higher Education, which recommended a major expansion of university education in Britain. However, throughout his academic career – at Oxford and the London School of Economics in the 1920s, and as Professor of Economics at the School from 1929 to 1961 – he was renowned as an exceptionally gifted teacher. Generations of students remember his lectures for their clarity and comprehensiveness and for his infectious enthusiasm for his subject. Besides his famous graduate seminar his most important and influential courses at LSE were the Principles of Economic Analysis, which he gave in the 1930s and again in the late 1940s and 1950s, as well as the History of Economic Thought, from 1953 until long after his official retirement. This book publishes for the first time the manuscript notes Robbins used for his lectures on the Principles of Economic Analysis from 1929/30 to 1934/40. At the outset of his career he took the advice of a senior colleague to prepare his lectures by writing them out fully before he presented them; the full notes for most of his pre-war lectures survive and are eminently decipherable. Since he made two major revisions of the lectures in the 1930s the Principles notes show both the development of his own thought and the way he incorporated the major theoretical innovations made by younger economists at LSE, such as John Hicks and Nicholas Kaldor, or elsewhere, notably Joan Robinson. He intended to turn his lecture notes into a book, abandoning the project only when he was asked to chair the Committee on Higher Education in 1960. This volume is not exactly the book he wanted to write, but it is a unique record of what was taught to senior undergraduate and graduate economists in those 'years of high theory'. It will be of interest to all economists interested in the development of economics in the twentieth century. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Price of Peace Zachary D. Carter, 2020-05-19 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • An “outstanding new intellectual biography of John Maynard Keynes [that moves] swiftly along currents of lucidity and wit” (The New York Times), illuminating the world of the influential economist and his transformative ideas “A timely, lucid and compelling portrait of a man whose enduring relevance is always heightened when crisis strikes.”—The Wall Street Journal WINNER: The Arthur Ross Book Award Gold Medal • The Hillman Prize for Book Journalism FINALIST: The National Book Critics Circle Award • The Sabew Best in Business Book Award NAMED ONE OF THE TEN BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY PUBLISHERS WEEKLY AND ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY Jennifer Szalai, The New York Times • The Economist • Bloomberg • Mother Jones At the dawn of World War I, a young academic named John Maynard Keynes hastily folded his long legs into the sidecar of his brother-in-law’s motorcycle for an odd, frantic journey that would change the course of history. Swept away from his placid home at Cambridge University by the currents of the conflict, Keynes found himself thrust into the halls of European treasuries to arrange emergency loans and packed off to America to negotiate the terms of economic combat. The terror and anxiety unleashed by the war would transform him from a comfortable obscurity into the most influential and controversial intellectual of his day—a man whose ideas still retain the power to shock in our own time. Keynes was not only an economist but the preeminent anti-authoritarian thinker of the twentieth century, one who devoted his life to the belief that art and ideas could conquer war and deprivation. As a moral philosopher, political theorist, and statesman, Keynes led an extraordinary life that took him from intimate turn-of-the-century parties in London’s riotous Bloomsbury art scene to the fevered negotiations in Paris that shaped the Treaty of Versailles, from stock market crashes on two continents to diplomatic breakthroughs in the mountains of New Hampshire to wartime ballet openings at London’s extravagant Covent Garden. Along the way, Keynes reinvented Enlightenment liberalism to meet the harrowing crises of the twentieth century. In the United States, his ideas became the foundation of a burgeoning economics profession, but they also became a flash point in the broader political struggle of the Cold War, as Keynesian acolytes faced off against conservatives in an intellectual battle for the future of the country—and the world. Though many Keynesian ideas survived the struggle, much of the project to which he devoted his life was lost. In this riveting biography, veteran journalist Zachary D. Carter unearths the lost legacy of one of history’s most fascinating minds. The Price of Peace revives a forgotten set of ideas about democracy, money, and the good life with transformative implications for today’s debates over inequality and the power politics that shape the global order. LONGLISTED FOR THE CUNDILL HISTORY PRIZE |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Linear Programming and Economic Analysis Robert Dorfman, Paul A. Samuelson, Robert M. Solow, 2012-10-10 Designed primarily for economists and those interested in management economics who are not necessarily accomplished mathematicians, this text offers a clear, concise exposition of the relationship of linear programming to standard economic analysis. The research and writing were supported by The RAND Corporation in the late 1950s. Linear programming has been one of the most important postwar developments in economic theory, but until publication of the present volume, no text offered a comprehensive treatment of the many facets of the relationship of linear programming to traditional economic theory. This book was the first to provide a wide-ranging survey of such important aspects of the topic as the interrelations between the celebrated von Neumann theory of games and linear programming, and the relationship between game theory and the traditional economic theories of duopoly and bilateral monopoly. Modern economists will especially appreciate the treatment of the connection between linear programming and modern welfare economics and the insights that linear programming gives into the determinateness of Walrasian equilibrium. The book also offers an excellent introduction to the important Leontief theory of input-output as well as extensive treatment of the problems of dynamic linear programming. Successfully used for three decades in graduate economics courses, this book stresses practical problems and specifies important concrete applications. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: International Handbook on the Economics of Integration Miroslav N. Jovanović, 2011-01-01 'International Handbook on the Economics of Integration edited by Miroslav Jovanovi? provides timely and rich academic contributions to considerations of the widest array of integration-related issues. European integration has been providing an inspiration to a number of academics and researchers. the Handbook is a recognition of the dynamic and strong solidarity of European integration. At the same time, the European Union often provided an example for integration schemes throughout the world which spread enormously since the mid-1990s. Leading experts from all continents contributed to this Handbook which will be a valuable input into academic and policy-making discussions and actions.' - José Manuel Barroso, President of the European Commission |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Neo-Marxism and Post-Keynesian Economics Ludo Cuyvers, 2022-06-09 Piero Sraffa and Joan Robinson, both iconic Cambridge economists, were highly influenced by the economic theory of Karl Marx, and integrated important elements of Marx’s economic system into their theories. This book argues, based on published and unpublished documents, that the work of Sraffa and Robinson can in fact be considered as essentially post-Keynesian neo-Marxist. The first part of the book reviews the intellectual development of several key thinkers to this neo-Marxist current in economic thought: Kalecki, Steindl, Baran and Sweezy. Part One and Part Two separately examine Robinson and Sraffa’s works and questions how they fit into this specific neo-Marxist current, either building on it (in Robinson’s case), or following another direction (in Sraffa’s case). Part Three observes Robinson’s theory of economic growth and its relationship to the views of Marx and Kalecki. Overall, Cuyvers demonstrates how their thought processes share characteristics with neo-Marxist key ideological ideas, such as stating or implying the labour theory of value as either redundant or wrong, emphasising the role of class struggle in the distribution of income and rejecting Marx’s falling rate of profits. Following on from ideas briefly introduced in Cuyvers’s Economic Ideas of Marx’s Capital (2017), this book will particularly appeal to readers interested in the history of economic thought, the work of Sraffa, Robinson and Marx, post-Keynesian economics and neo-Marxism. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: My Favourite Recipes Ellice Handy, 2012 First published in 1952 and the subject of numerous reprints and editions, this cookbook is an acclaimed classic among cookbooks published in Singapore and Malaysia. This fresh edition once again makes available Mrs Handy’s time-tested and easy-to-use recipes for the modern cook. The recipes are kept authentic; there is no reason to alter them. Recorded here is the wide range of dishes cooked in the home kitchens of a time gone by, when just a few everyday ingredients were most cleverly and thoughtfully combined to make inviting, satisfying and delicious meals. The tastes of the 300 dishes offered here will bring you back to a time when the pace of life was relaxed and simple: Chicken a la King, Laksa Siam, Ikan Bilis Sambal, Fish Kedgeree, layered Hoen Kwe, as well as standard fare such as Sago Pudding, Meat Loaf, Pulot Panggang and Pork, Crab and Prawn Ball Soup. All nostalgic, comfort food. They are excellent base recipes to build on by adjusting them to suit your family, and adding ingredients not commonly available when the book was first compiled to create your own favourites. Here is a cookbook to be used not just everyday but also for special occasions to produce many memorable meals. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: A History of Economics John Kenneth Galbraith, 1991 A book explaining the history of economics; including the powerful and vested interests which moulded the theories to their financial advantage; as a means of understanding modern economics. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Military Politics, Islam, and the State in Indonesia Marcus Mietzner, 2009 Based on a decade of research in Indonesia, this book provides an in-depth account of the military's struggle to adapt to the new democratic system after the downfall of Suharto's authoritarian regime in 1998. Unlike other studies of the Indonesian armed forces, which focus exclusively on internal military developments, Mietzner's study emphasizes the importance of conflicts among civilians in determining the extent of military involvement in political affairs. Analysing disputes between Indonesia's main Muslim groups, Mietzner argues that their intense rivalry between 1998 and 2004 allowed the military to extend its engagement in politics and protect its institutional interests. The stabilization of the civilian polity after 2004, in contrast, has led to an increasing marginalization of the armed forces from the power centre. Drawing broader conclusions from these events for Indonesia's ongoing process of democratic consolidation, the book shows that the future role of the armed forces in politics will largely depend on the ability of civilian leaders to maintain functioning democratic institutions and procedures. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Economism James Kwak, 2017-01-10 Here is a bracing deconstruction of the framework for understanding the world that is learned as gospel in Economics 101, regardless of its imaginary assumptions and misleading half-truths. Economism: an ideology that distorts the valid principles and tools of introductory college economics, propagated by self-styled experts, zealous lobbyists, clueless politicians, and ignorant pundits. In order to illuminate the fallacies of economism, James Kwak first offers a primer on supply and demand, market equilibrium, and social welfare: the underpinnings of most popular economic arguments. Then he provides a historical account of how economism became a prevalent mode of thought in the United States—focusing on the people who packaged Econ 101 into sound bites that were then repeated until they took on the aura of truth. He shows us how issues of moment in contemporary American society—labor markets, taxes, finance, health care, and international trade, among others—are shaped by economism, demonstrating in each case with clarity and élan how, because of its failure to reflect the complexities of our world, economism has had a deleterious influence on policies that affect hundreds of millions of Americans. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Founder of Modern Economics: Paul A. Samuelson Roger E. Backhouse, 2017-04-11 Paul Samuelson was at the heart of a revolution in economics. He was the foremost academic economist of the 20th century, according to the New York Times, and the first American to win the Nobel Prize in Economics. His work transformed the field of economics and helped give it the theoretical and mathematic rigor that increased its influence in business and policy making. In Founder of Modern Economics, Roger E. Backhouse explores the central importance of Samuelson's personality and social networks to understanding his intellectual development. This is the first of two volumes covering Samuelson's extended and productive life and career. This volume surveys Samuelson's early years growing up in the Midwest to his experiences at the University of Chicago and Harvard University, where leading scholars in economics and other disciplines stimulated and rewarded his curiosity. His thinking was influenced by the natural sciences and he understood that a critical, scientific approach increased insights into important social and economic questions. He realized that these questions could not be answered through rhetorical debate but required rigor. His eureka moment came, he said, when a good fairy whispered to me that math was a skeleton key to solve age old problems in economics. Backhouse traces Samuelson's thinking from his early days to the publication of his groundbreaking book Foundations of Economic Analysis and Economics: An Introductory Analysis, which influenced generations of students. His work set the stage for economics to become a more cohesive and coherent discipline, based on mathematical techniques that provided surprising insights into many important topics, from business cycles to wage and unemployment rates, and from how competition influences trade to how tax rates affects tax collection. Founder of Modern Economics is a profound contribution to understanding how modern economics developed and the thinking of a revolutionary thinker. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: The Failure of the "New Economics" Henry Hazlitt, 1959 |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Bounded Rationality and Behavioural Economics Graham Mallard, 2015-08-14 Economics Nobel Laureate Herbert Simon developed the concept of bounded rationality in the 1950s. This asserts that the cognitive abilities of human decision-makers are not always sufficient to find optimal solutions to complex real-life problems, leading decision-makers to find satisfactory, sub-optimal outcomes. This was a foundational component of the development of Behavioural Economics but in recent years the two fields have diverged, each with its own literature, its own approach and its own proponents. Behavioural Economics explores the areas of commonality between Economics and Psychology, in terms of its focus and its approach, whereas the bounded rationality literature largely analyses the implications of sub-optimal decision‐making through the mathematically sophisticated methodology of mainstream Economics. This book examines the nature and consequences of this divergence and questions whether this is a case of beneficial specialisation or whether it is unhelpful, potentially stunting the development of some aspects of Economics. It has been suggested that the major deficiency of Behavioural Economics is that it has failed to produce a single, widely applicable alternative to constrained optimisation. This book evaluates the extent to which this is the true and, if it is, the extent to which it is a product of the divergence between the two literatures. It also seeks to identify commonalities between the two subjects and suggests avenues of research in Economics that would benefit from a re-fusion of these two fields. |
| 1950s home economics textbook: Modernity At Large Arjun Appadurai, 1996 |
1950s - Wikipedia
Throughout the decade, the world continued its recovery from World War II, aided by the post-World War II economic expansion. The period also saw great population growth with increased …
The 1950s - American Culture & Society - HISTORY
Jun 17, 2010 · The 1950s was a decade marked by the post-World War II boom, the dawn of the Cold War and the civil rights movement in the United States.
50 Amazing Things That Happened In The 50s - Good Housekeeping
Nov 16, 2020 · What comes to mind when you think of the 1950s? The baby boom and Cold War are certainly high on that list, but we're here to tell you that the record of noteworthy events …
1950s: The Way We Lived - Encyclopedia.com
1950s: The Way We Lived. The 1950s are sometimes thought of as America's bland decade, a decade when family life was stable and America's cities were safe. The economy was …
1950s Timeline: Key Events that Shaped the Decade of Change
Let us take a look at the key events from each year of the 1950s that made it such a memorable and transformative decade. From political milestones to pop culture breakthroughs, these …
10 Most Famous Historical World Events of the 1950s
Dec 15, 2022 · 10 Most Famous Historical World Events of the 1950s The 1950s was a decade marked by the post-World War II, the dawn of the cold war, and the civil rights movements in …
American History 1950s
These are some of the important events in American history during the decade starting 1950. The Cold War and the spread of Communism in Eastern Europe, China, and Korea in the late …
The 1950’s - World of History
Dec 15, 2024 · The 1950s was a transformative decade globally, marked by post-war recovery, the Cold War, cultural shifts, and technological advancements. It was a time of ...
20 Facts About 1950 - OhMyFacts
Sep 28, 2024 · The 1950s: A Decade of Change. The 1950s brought significant shifts in culture, technology, and politics. Rock 'n' roll music exploded, with icons like Elvis Presley changing …
1950s | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
The 1950s have typically been seen as a complacent, conservative time between the end of World War II and the radical 1960s, when anticommunism and the Cold War subverted reform …
1950s - Wikipedia
Throughout the decade, the world continued its recovery from World War II, aided by the post-World War II economic expansion. The period also saw great population growth with increased …
The 1950s - American Culture & Society - HISTORY
Jun 17, 2010 · The 1950s was a decade marked by the post-World War II boom, the dawn of the Cold War and the civil rights movement in the United States.
50 Amazing Things That Happened In The 50s - Good Housekeeping
Nov 16, 2020 · What comes to mind when you think of the 1950s? The baby boom and Cold War are certainly high on that list, but we're here to tell you that the record of noteworthy events …
1950s: The Way We Lived - Encyclopedia.com
1950s: The Way We Lived. The 1950s are sometimes thought of as America's bland decade, a decade when family life was stable and America's cities were safe. The economy was …
1950s Timeline: Key Events that Shaped the Decade of Change
Let us take a look at the key events from each year of the 1950s that made it such a memorable and transformative decade. From political milestones to pop culture breakthroughs, these …
10 Most Famous Historical World Events of the 1950s
Dec 15, 2022 · 10 Most Famous Historical World Events of the 1950s The 1950s was a decade marked by the post-World War II, the dawn of the cold war, and the civil rights movements in …
American History 1950s
These are some of the important events in American history during the decade starting 1950. The Cold War and the spread of Communism in Eastern Europe, China, and Korea in the late …
The 1950’s - World of History
Dec 15, 2024 · The 1950s was a transformative decade globally, marked by post-war recovery, the Cold War, cultural shifts, and technological advancements. It was a time of ...
20 Facts About 1950 - OhMyFacts
Sep 28, 2024 · The 1950s: A Decade of Change. The 1950s brought significant shifts in culture, technology, and politics. Rock 'n' roll music exploded, with icons like Elvis Presley changing …
1950s | Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History
The 1950s have typically been seen as a complacent, conservative time between the end of World War II and the radical 1960s, when anticommunism and the Cold War subverted reform …
