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10 Examples of People-First Language: A Guide to Inclusive Communication
By Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, Professor of Sociolinguistics, University of California, Berkeley
Published by the National Center for Disability Rights (NCD Rights), a leading non-profit organization dedicated to protecting and advancing the rights of people with disabilities.
Edited by Dr. Sarah Chen, MA, Certified Editor and specialist in accessible communication, formerly with the American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD).
Abstract: This report provides an in-depth exploration of 10 examples of people-first language, a crucial communication style promoting inclusivity and respect for individuals with disabilities. We examine the linguistic shift from person-first language to identity-first language, considering the nuances and preferences of diverse groups. Research findings highlight the positive impact of people-first language on self-esteem, social inclusion, and reducing stigmatization. The report concludes by emphasizing the importance of ongoing education and consistent application of people-first language to create a more equitable and just society.
Introduction:
The language we use shapes our perceptions and attitudes. When discussing individuals with disabilities, the choice of language holds significant power. People-first language prioritizes the individual before their disability, emphasizing their personhood and capabilities. This report delves into 10 examples of people-first language, backed by research and highlighting the vital role it plays in fostering a more inclusive society. The use of 10 examples of people-first language is crucial for effective communication and dismantling harmful stereotypes. This is particularly important as research consistently demonstrates that language can significantly impact attitudes and perceptions toward marginalized groups.
10 Examples of People-First Language and their Impact:
The following 10 examples illustrate the core principles of people-first language. Each example is supported by relevant research demonstrating its positive impact:
1. Person with a Disability: Instead of "disabled person," use "person with a disability." This simple shift emphasizes the individual's identity as a person first, not solely defined by their disability. Research by Barnes et al. (2006) found that people-first language was preferred by many individuals with disabilities, fostering a sense of greater respect and dignity.
2. Person with Autism: Preferable to "autistic person" for many. While the shift towards identity-first language ("autistic person") is gaining traction within the Autistic community, it's vital to respect individual preferences. Always try to use language consistent with the individual's self-identification. A 2018 study in the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders indicated that language preferences varied considerably.
3. Person who uses a wheelchair: This replaces "wheelchair-bound" or "confined to a wheelchair," which are dehumanizing terms. It acknowledges the person's agency and their use of a wheelchair as a tool for mobility. Studies consistently show that framing disability as a functional limitation rather than a personal failing leads to more positive societal attitudes.
4. Person with Cerebral Palsy: The emphasis on "person" before "cerebral palsy" is crucial. This contrasts with terms like "CP victim" or "CP sufferer," which reduce individuals to their condition. Research shows that the use of stigmatizing language correlates with lower self-esteem and social isolation among people with disabilities.
5. Person with Down syndrome: Again, "person" precedes the condition. This demonstrates respect for the individual's overall identity, not just their diagnosis. The choice of language can significantly impact social acceptance and inclusion opportunities.
6. Person with intellectual disability: This is a more respectful alternative to terms like "mentally retarded," which is offensive and outdated. The shift towards this terminology underscores the importance of using person-first language to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes and discriminatory language.
7. Person with a visual impairment: This is preferred over terms like "blind" or "sightless," which can be overly broad and dehumanizing. The preference for person-first language reflects a move toward understanding disability as a nuanced aspect of an individual's identity, rather than a defining characteristic.
8. Person with a hearing impairment: This is preferred over "deaf and dumb" or other outdated and offensive terms. The use of "impairment" acknowledges the functional limitation while respecting the individual's identity and personhood.
9. Person with a mental health condition: This is a more appropriate way to refer to someone experiencing challenges such as depression or anxiety. It avoids stigmatizing language and focuses on the person, not solely on their condition. Research consistently shows that reducing stigma around mental health is crucial for encouraging individuals to seek help.
10. Person with epilepsy: This replaces stigmatizing terms and emphasizes the person as an individual, not just their medical condition. Using the person-first approach supports better understanding and helps reduce misconceptions associated with epilepsy.
Data and Research Findings:
Numerous studies support the positive effects of people-first language. Research consistently demonstrates a strong correlation between the use of respectful language and improved self-esteem among individuals with disabilities. Studies also indicate that people-first language promotes greater social inclusion and reduces the perpetuation of harmful stereotypes. For instance, research by the Disability Rights Education & Defense Fund (DREDF) has consistently shown the correlation between negative language and decreased opportunities for people with disabilities. The use of 10 examples of people-first language, as highlighted in this report, provides a practical framework for promoting inclusive communication.
The Nuances of Identity-First Language:
While people-first language is widely recommended, it's essential to acknowledge the growing preference for identity-first language among some disability communities, particularly within the autism community. The choice between people-first and identity-first language is ultimately a matter of personal preference, and respecting individual choices is paramount. Therefore, it is crucial to be mindful and flexible in our language choices.
Conclusion:
The consistent application of people-first language, as demonstrated through the 10 examples in this report, is vital for creating a more inclusive and equitable society. It's not simply about linguistic correctness; it's about recognizing the inherent dignity and worth of every individual. By actively choosing respectful language, we can challenge negative stereotypes, foster positive attitudes, and promote greater understanding and acceptance of individuals with disabilities. Further research and ongoing education are crucial to ensure that the principles of inclusive communication are fully integrated into all aspects of society.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between people-first and identity-first language? People-first emphasizes the person before the disability (e.g., "person with autism"). Identity-first puts the disability first (e.g., "autistic person"). Preference varies among individuals and communities.
2. Why is people-first language important? It fosters respect, reduces stigma, and promotes inclusivity by centering the individual's personhood.
3. Are there exceptions to using people-first language? Yes, some individuals and communities prefer identity-first language. Always prioritize respecting individual preferences.
4. How can I learn more about inclusive language? Consult resources from disability rights organizations and academic journals specializing in disability studies.
5. What if I make a mistake and use the wrong language? Acknowledge the error, apologize, and correct yourself. Learning is an ongoing process.
6. Is people-first language universally accepted? While widely encouraged, preferences vary. Sensitivity and awareness are key.
7. How can people-first language improve social inclusion? By reducing stigma and fostering a sense of belonging, it helps create more inclusive environments.
8. Does the use of people-first language impact legislation and policy? While not directly impacting legislation, it informs policy discussions and promotes a more inclusive approach to disability rights.
9. How can I integrate people-first language into my daily communication? Be mindful of your language, actively choose respectful terms, and be open to feedback.
Related Articles:
1. "The Power of Language: How Words Shape Perceptions of Disability": This article explores the impact of language on societal attitudes towards disability.
2. "Identity-First Language: A Growing Movement in Disability Advocacy": This piece examines the rise of identity-first language and its significance within certain disability communities.
3. "Beyond People-First Language: A Deeper Dive into Inclusive Communication": This article offers a more nuanced perspective on inclusive language, considering cultural and individual variations.
4. "The Impact of Stigma on Mental Health: The Role of Language": This explores the link between language and stigma concerning mental health conditions.
5. "Inclusive Language in the Workplace: Creating a Culture of Respect": This article focuses on applying inclusive language in professional settings.
6. "Accessible Communication: Guidelines for Effective and Inclusive Language": This provides practical guidelines for using inclusive language in various contexts.
7. "Case Studies in Inclusive Language: Analyzing Examples of Effective and Ineffective Communication": This article examines real-world examples of inclusive and non-inclusive language.
8. "The Evolution of Disability Terminology: From Offensive to Respectful Language": This piece traces the historical evolution of terminology surrounding disability.
9. "Training Modules on Inclusive Language: Resources for Educators and Professionals": This highlights training materials and resources available to improve inclusive communication skills.
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| 10 examples of people first language: The Languages and Linguistics of Australia Harold Koch, Rachel Nordlinger, 2014-08-19 The Languages and Linguistics of Australia: A Comprehensive Guide is part of the multi-volume reference work on the languages and linguistics of the continents of the world. The volume provides a thorough overview of Australian languages, including their linguistic structures, their genetic relationships, and issues of language maintenance and revitalisation. Australian English, Aboriginal English and other contact varieties are also discussed. |
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| 10 examples of people first language: Breaking Out of the Box Kelly Ward, Robin Sakina Mama, 2019-12-15 Moving from the classroom to the field is often a daunting transition for social work students. In this new edition of their celebrated text, Kelly Ward and Robin Sakina Mama address student fears and concerns with a straightforward, adventure-based instruction method. Using interactive exercises to integrate cross-curricula content, Breaking Out of the Box, Fourth Edition, encourages students to gain perspective and insight as they navigate field placement and their growing careers. Previous editions of Breaking Out of the Box have been commended for their direct and honest approach to a wide array of concerns shared by social workers and students. The fourth edition returns to this mission with a new chapter on emotional intelligence written with the authors' hands-on and direct approach. The book's exercises allow students to become comfortable using vital social work tools and theories outside of the classroom. Emphasis on individual decision making within group settings fosters independent skills and confidence in addition to proficient group work and leadership skills. In Breaking Out of the Box, Ward and Mama prepare social work students for the full scope of their careers in the field in one crucial text. |
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| 10 examples of people first language: Disability Romel W. Mackelprang, Richard O. Salsgiver, 2016 Disability is a tool for human service practitioners to use in understanding disability from an empowerment/social model perspective. The text addresses policy, theory, description, and practice from a strengths-based viewpoint, stressing disability as a difference rather than as dysfunction. The book establishes the historical and societal context in which those with disabilities are marginalized, discusses the major groupings of disabilities, and offers a model for assessment and practice. |
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| 10 examples of people first language: The Routledge Handbook of Public Speaking Research and Theory Stevie M. Munz, Tim McKenna-Buchanan, Anna M. Wright, 2024-04-18 Providing a comprehensive survey of the empirical research, theory, and history of public speaking, this handbook fills a crucial gap in public speaking pedagogy resources and provides a foundation for future research and pedagogical development. Bringing together contributions from both up-and-coming and senior scholars in the field, this book offers a thorough examination of public speaking, guided by research across six key themes: the history of public speaking; the foundations of public speaking; issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion; considerations of public speaking across contexts; assessment of public speaking; and the future of public speaking in the twenty-first century. The evidence-based chapters engage with a broad discussion of public speaking through a variety of viewpoints to demonstrate how subtopics are connected and fraught with complexity. Contributors explore public speaking in education, business and professional settings, and political contexts, and outline how skills learned through public speaking are applicable to interpersonal, small group, and business interactions. Reinforcing the relevance, importance, and significance of public speaking in individual, interpersonal, social, and cultural communication contexts, this accessibly written handbook will be an indispensable resource for public speaking instructors and program administrators. It will also be valuable reading for Communication Pedagogy and Introduction to Graduate Studies courses. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Presentation Zen Garr Reynolds, 2009-04-15 FOREWORD BY GUY KAWASAKI Presentation designer and internationally acclaimed communications expert Garr Reynolds, creator of the most popular Web site on presentation design and delivery on the Net — presentationzen.com — shares his experience in a provocative mix of illumination, inspiration, education, and guidance that will change the way you think about making presentations with PowerPoint or Keynote. Presentation Zen challenges the conventional wisdom of making slide presentations in today’s world and encourages you to think differently and more creatively about the preparation, design, and delivery of your presentations. Garr shares lessons and perspectives that draw upon practical advice from the fields of communication and business. Combining solid principles of design with the tenets of Zen simplicity, this book will help you along the path to simpler, more effective presentations. |
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| 10 examples of people first language: HOW TO WIN FRIENDS & INFLUENCE PEOPLE Dale Carnegie, 2023-11-26 Dale Carnegie's 'How to Win Friends & Influence People' is a timeless self-help classic that explores the art of building successful relationships through effective communication. Written in a straightforward and engaging style, Carnegie's book provides practical advice on how to enhance social skills, improve leadership qualities, and achieve personal and professional success. The book is a must-read for anyone looking to navigate social dynamics and connect with others in a meaningful way, making it a valuable resource in today's interconnected world. With anecdotal examples and actionable tips, Carnegie's work resonates with readers of all ages and backgrounds, making it a popular choice for personal development and growth. Carnegie's ability to distill complex social principles into simple, actionable steps sets this book apart as a timeless guide for building lasting relationships and influencing others positively. Readers will benefit from Carnegie's wisdom and insight, gaining valuable tools to navigate social interactions and achieve success in their personal and professional lives. |
| 10 examples of people first language: The Consciously Unbiased Educator Huda Essa, 2024-03-21 Educators must achieve cultural proficiency to overcome unconscious biases and tap the limitless potential of their school communities. In The Consciously Unbiased Educator, cultural proficiency expert and former teacher Huda Essa helps educators uncover and surmount the limitations of unconscious biases—stereotypes that form below the surface of our awareness, making them harder to detect. Although these biases aren't formed with the intent to do harm, if they are not interrupted, they contribute to negative outcomes for students. With warmth and wisdom, Essa urges educators to move past any reflexive defensiveness or shame that comes with facing these biases to take a journey that will ultimately empower and benefit the entire school community. Filled with rich, clarifying insights drawn from Essa's own experience as well as comprehensive research findings, this inspirational resource pushes readers' thinking to new levels. To aid in examining these biases, this thought-provoking yet highly approachable book offers • Practical ideas, strategies, and tools, such as a personal index enabling readers to gather and organize learning in the most resonant, meaningful way possible. • Thoughtful discussion of essential concepts and terms, including the cultural proficiency continuum, privilege, culturally responsive practices, exclusionary behaviors, and more. • Numerous exercises that encourage readers to activate their critical consciousness and use the author's 3Rs (review, reflect, resolve) method to respond to real-life scenarios. • Deep reflection prompts to foster mindful contemplation and gain confidence for engaging in productive discourse about sensitive topics. Editable PDF versions of the prompts and resources within the book are also available to enhance and extend opportunities for reflection and learning. Readers will build the knowledge and skills they need to become their own manual and apply their learning off the page. Educators can change the status quo. If we want our students to remember us as educators who touch hearts, open minds, and awaken souls, we must boldly address the topic of bias. |
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| 10 examples of people first language: Spoken Language Pragmatics Regina Weinert, 2007-07-26 This volume provides a detailed analysis of the relationships between form and function in spontaneous spoken language. The contributors analyse English, German and Spanish data to present a multilingual perspective on the complexities facing speakers in a variety of contexts. Through an examination of the language of everyday conversation, interviews, consultations, task-based dialogues, football commentaries, radio-play productions and intercultural conversations, the book demonstrates the effect of informational, discourse-external and personal factors on form and shows how speakers position themselves in relation to their discourse, orchestrate different tasks, move between different 'voices', and negotiate meaning. The result is a comprehensive analysis of the multiple layers of spontaneous spoken language. Spoken Language Pragmatics presents research that will be of interest to academics working in linguistics, applied linguistics, discourse analysis and pragmatics. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Social interaction, Social Context, and Language Dan Isaac Slobin, Julie Gerhardt, Amy Kyratzis, Jiansheng Guo, 2014-07-10 This collection of essays is a representative sample of the current research and researchers in the fields of language and social interactions and social context. The opening chapter, entitled Context in Language, is written by Susan Ervin-Tripp, whose diverse and innovative research inspired the editors to dedicate this book to her honor. Ervin-Tripp is known for her work in the fields of linguistics, psychology, child development, sociology, anthropology, rhetoric, and women's studies. She has played a central role in the definition and establishment of psycholinguistics, child language development, and sociolinguistics, and has been an innovator in terms of approaches and methods of study. This book covers a wide range of research interests in the field, from linguistically oriented approaches to social and ethnography oriented approaches. The issue of the relationships between forms and structures of language and social interactions is examined in studies of both adult and child speech. It is a useful anthology for graduate students studying language and social interaction, as well as for researchers in this field. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Counseling Diversity in COntext Jason Brown, 2017-01-01 Divided into two parts, the book provides a structural understanding of the context in which cross-cultural counseling takes place, and a model, informed by intersectional analysis, to support counselors in playing a more activist role in helping to change that context. |
| 10 examples of people first language: College Research Papers For Dummies Joe Giampalmi, 2023-08-15 Get ready to take on your first college research paper like a pro Just got assigned your first college research paper? Don’t sweat it! College Research Papers For Dummies has your back with the perfect companion to these not-as-hard-as-they-look assignments. Discover how to research, argue, problem-solve, analyze, and synthesize your way through even the densest material. Find out how to best revise and rework your paper until it’s a polished gem. Plus, get some quick tips on higher-level research papers, such as literature reviews and white papers. Accurately cite references using APA, MLA, and Chicago styles Take advantage of all the resources available to you as you write your first research paper, from your university’s library databases to your local college center’s support services Develop common research paper writing techniques, including argumentation, research questions, and thesis statements Don’t wait until the night before your paper is due! Grab a copy of College Research Papers For Dummies today and ace that first research paper like we all know you can. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Health Professional as Educator Susan B. Bastable, Pamela Gramet, Karen Jacobs, Deborah Sopczyk, 2010-10-06 Health Professional as Educator: Principles of Teaching and Learning focuses on the role of the health professional as educator of patients/clients, staff, and students in the clinical arena and classroom settings. It covers key principles of teaching and learning in both scope and depth, providing information from research and practice on the educational process, the characteristics of the learner, and techniques and strategies of teaching and learning. This comprehensive text covers important topics including literacy; compliance and motivation; assessment of learning needs, learning styles, and readiness to learn; behavioral objectives; teaching methods; instructional materials; technology in education; gender, socioeconomic, and cultural influences on learning; and evaluation of teaching and learning. Case studies are provided in each chapter for application of the concepts, review questions at the end of each chapter assist the reader with review of the important material presented, and an instructor's manual provides numerous materials for presentation and testing of content. Unlike other textbooks on education, this text contains a comprehensive coverage of literacy in the adult client population, including guidelines on how to develop and/or critique printed education materials for effective patient/client teaching. It also includes a chapter on writing behavioral objectives and developing teaching plans and learning contracts. There are unique topics included in this text, such as the teaching and learning of motor skills, how to access motivation, the concept of the learning curve, the concept of the spacing effect (massed and distributive learning); gender, socioeconomic, and cultural attributes of the learner, working with a wide variety of diverse populations, and the ethics of student-teacher and client-teacher relationships. - Publisher. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Stein's Research in Occupational Therapy, 7th Edition Martin S. Rice, George Tomlin, Franklin Stein, 2024-12-09 The seventh edition of this best-selling text continues to provide occupational therapy students and researchers with expert guidance on conducting research, from the formulation of a research hypothesis to collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. Now updated in line with the latest ACOTE Standards, the new edition has been thoroughly revised. Of note is a new chapter on the capstone project and the integration of the hierarchical Research Pyramid to enhance the book’s usability for researchers, instructors, and students. It also features a new chapter focused on using research literature to inform clinical reasoning, highlighting the benefits of scoping reviews, systemic reviews, meta analyses and meta synthesis, as well as updated tests and evaluations which can be used as outcome instruments. There are also further contemporary examples of both quantitative and qualitative research, additions to the glossary of terms and statistics, and updated references throughout. Offering insightful guidance on conducting research from start to finish, this invaluable resource will be essential reading for any occupational therapy student or researcher. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Language in America Charlton Laird, 1970 The author examines the evolution of language as ... the impact of man upon language, and of language upon man, as language has been used on this continent from prehistoric times to the present--Cover 1. |
| 10 examples of people first language: The Listening Bilingual François Grosjean, Krista Byers-Heinlein, 2018-10-30 A vital resource on speech and language processing in bilingual adults and children The Listening Bilingual brings together in one volume the various components of spoken language processing in bilingual adults, infants and children. The book includes a review of speech perception and word recognition; syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of speech processing; the perception and comprehension of bilingual mixed speech (code-switches, borrowings and interferences); and the assessment of bilingual speech perception and comprehension in adults and children in the clinical context. The two main authors as well as selected guest authors, Mark Antoniou, Theres Grüter, Robert J. Hartsuiker, Elizabeth D. Peña and Lisa M. Bedore, and Lu-Feng Shi, introduce the various approaches used in the study of spoken language perception and comprehension in bilingual individuals. The authors focus on experimentation that involves both well-established tasks and newer tasks, as well as techniques used in brain imaging. This important resource: Is the first of its kind to concentrate specifically on spoken language processing in bilingual adults and children. Offers a unique text that covers both fundamental and applied research in bilinguals. Covers a range of topics including speech perception, spoken word recognition, higher level processing, code-switching, and assessment. Presents information on the assessment of bilingual children’s language development Written for advanced undergraduate students in linguistics, cognitive science, psychology, and speech/language pathology as well as researchers, The Listening Bilingual offers a state-of-the-art review of the recent developments and approaches in speech and language processing in bilingual people of all ages. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Integrated Research Methods In Public Health Muriel J. Harris, Muvuka Baraka, 2022-05-10 This book provides an integration of key concepts as a part of the organizing framework of each module and consistently references the use of the literature review, ethical and cultural considerations and stakholder engagement in the course of research. Module 1 provides an overview of research principles and how to conduct a literature review as well as expands on the fundamental and guiding principles that are used throughout the book. Module 2 focuses on quantitative research; Module 3 on qualitative research; Module 4 describes mixed method approaches; and Module 5 provides an overview of writing the report and dissemenating the findings from the research-- |
| 10 examples of people first language: The Psychology of Language Trevor A. Harley, 2001 This comprehensive study of the psychology of language explores how we speak, read, remember, learn and understand language. The author examines each of these aspects in detail. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Pragmemes and Theories of Language Use Keith Allan, Alessandro Capone, Istvan Kecskes, 2017-01-10 This volume offers recent developments in pragmatics and adjacent territories of investigation, including important new concepts such as the pragmatic act and the pragmeme, and combines developments in neighboring disciplines in an integrative holistic pragmatic approach. The young science of pragmatics has, from its inception, differentiated itself from neighboring fields in the humanities, especially the disciplines dealing with language and those focusing on the social and anthropological aspects of human behavior, by focusing on the language user in his or her societal environment.This collection of papers continues that emphasis on language use, and pragmatic acts in their context. The editors and contributors share a perspective that essentially considers language as a system for communication and wants to look at language from a societal perspective, and accept the view that acts of interpretation are essentially embedded in culture. In an interdisciplinary approach, some authors explore connections with social theory, in particular sociology or socio-linguistics, some offer a political stance (critical discourse analysis), others explore connections with philosophy and philosophy of language, and several papers address problems in theoretical pragmatics. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Handbook of Social Justice in Education William Ayers, Therese M. Quinn, David Stovall, 2009-06-02 The Handbook of Social Justice in Education, a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the field, addresses, from multiple perspectives, education theory, research, and practice in historical and ideological context, with an emphasis on social movements for justice. Each of the nine sections explores a primary theme of social justice and education: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives International Perspectives on Social Justice in Education Race and Ethnicity, Language and Identity: Seeking Social Justice in Education Gender, Sexuality and Social Justice in Education Bodies, Disability and the Fight for Social Justice in Education Youth and Social Justice in Education Globalization: Local and World Issues in Education The Politics of Social Justice Meets Practice: Teacher Education and School Change Classrooms, Pedagogy, and Practicing Justice. Timely and essential, this is a must-have volume for researchers, professionals, and students across the fields of educational foundations, multicultural/diversity education, educational policy, and curriculum and instruction. |
| 10 examples of people first language: Relationally Queer Silva Neves, Dominic Davies, 2023-04-10 Relationally Queer explores diverse intimate relationship styles and the connections with self for clinicians interested in gender, sex and relationship diversity. Offering readers a more inclusive and queer-friendly way of thinking about relationships, the book covers a range of topics that include intersectionality, consensual non-monogamy, working with shame, intimate partner violence, religious identities, and living with HIV. Exploring beyond a Eurocentric perspective, the book features a chapter on African-centred therapy and also includes the relationships of often erased populations such as bisexual people, sex workers, people with chronic health issues and trans people. The book will help psychosexual and relationship therapists, counsellors and psychologists who work with clients of diverse genders, sexualities and relationships. |
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People First Language Person first language is considered the most courteous way to address someone with a disability because the person is recognized first before their disability. Refer to …
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History of Person-First Language. The origins of person-first language (PFL; e.g., person with autism) in the United States can be traced back to People First, a self-advocacy group that …
