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Alternative Curriculum Special Education: Navigating Challenges and Embracing Opportunities
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, Ph.D. in Special Education, Professor of Inclusive Education at the University of California, Berkeley, and author of "Designing Effective Learning Environments for Diverse Learners."
Keywords: alternative curriculum special education, individualized education program (IEP), special education curriculum, inclusive education, differentiated instruction, assistive technology, adaptive learning, personalized learning, special needs education, alternative learning pathways.
Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive examination of alternative curriculum special education, exploring its evolving landscape, addressing prevalent challenges, and highlighting emerging opportunities. It emphasizes the critical role of individualized instruction, technological advancements, and collaborative partnerships in fostering successful outcomes for students with diverse learning needs.
Introduction: Redefining Success in Special Education
The traditional "one-size-fits-all" approach to education has demonstrably failed to meet the unique needs of many students with disabilities. This has led to a growing emphasis on alternative curriculum special education, a paradigm shift that prioritizes personalized learning experiences tailored to individual strengths, weaknesses, and learning styles. Alternative curriculum special education recognizes that standardized curricula often fall short in catering to the diverse learning needs within the special education population. This article delves into the complexities of this approach, analyzing its benefits, challenges, and the potential it holds for transforming the lives of students with disabilities.
The Pillars of Alternative Curriculum Special Education
Effective alternative curriculum special education rests on several foundational pillars:
1. Individualized Education Programs (IEPs): The cornerstone of alternative curriculum special education is the IEP. These legally mandated documents outline specific learning goals, accommodations, and modifications designed to meet each student's unique needs. A well-crafted IEP moves beyond simply identifying disabilities; it focuses on identifying strengths and leveraging them to foster academic and personal growth.
2. Differentiated Instruction: This pedagogical approach acknowledges that students learn at different paces and in different ways. Alternative curriculum special education necessitates differentiated instruction, encompassing varied teaching methods, learning materials, and assessment strategies to cater to diverse learning styles and abilities.
3. Assistive Technology: Technological advancements have revolutionized special education. Assistive technology, including software, hardware, and adaptive devices, plays a crucial role in enabling students with disabilities to access and participate in the curriculum. Examples range from screen readers and speech-to-text software to adaptive keyboards and communication aids.
4. Collaboration and Co-teaching: Successful alternative curriculum special education relies on strong collaboration among educators, parents, therapists, and other stakeholders. Co-teaching models, where general education and special education teachers collaborate in the classroom, can create inclusive learning environments that benefit all students.
5. Data-Driven Decision Making: Regular assessment and data analysis are critical for monitoring student progress and adjusting the curriculum as needed. This data-driven approach ensures that the alternative curriculum special education plan remains responsive to the evolving needs of each student.
Challenges in Implementing Alternative Curriculum Special Education
Despite its potential, the implementation of alternative curriculum special education faces significant challenges:
1. Resource Constraints: Developing and implementing individualized curricula can be resource-intensive. Schools may lack sufficient funding, trained personnel, and access to assistive technologies to effectively support all students with diverse needs.
2. Teacher Training and Professional Development: Educators require specialized training to effectively implement alternative curriculum special education strategies. Ongoing professional development is crucial to ensure that teachers possess the skills and knowledge to meet the diverse needs of their students.
3. Parental Involvement and Communication: Effective collaboration with parents is essential. However, communication barriers, differing perspectives, and logistical challenges can sometimes hinder this crucial partnership.
4. Assessment and Evaluation: Accurately assessing the progress of students with disabilities can be challenging. Traditional standardized tests may not accurately reflect the learning gains of students who benefit from alternative curriculum special education. Developing alternative assessment methods is crucial.
5. Transition Services: Preparing students with disabilities for post-secondary education or employment requires comprehensive transition planning. This often involves coordinating with various agencies and providers, which can be complex and time-consuming.
Opportunities in Alternative Curriculum Special Education
Despite the challenges, alternative curriculum special education presents significant opportunities:
1. Personalized Learning: Alternative curriculum special education empowers educators to create personalized learning pathways that cater to each student's individual strengths, interests, and learning preferences. This can lead to increased engagement, motivation, and academic success.
2. Inclusive Education: By designing flexible and adaptable curricula, schools can create more inclusive learning environments where students with disabilities are fully integrated into the general education classroom.
3. Technological Advancements: Emerging technologies offer innovative solutions for supporting students with disabilities. Adaptive learning platforms, artificial intelligence-powered tools, and virtual reality applications hold immense potential for transforming alternative curriculum special education.
4. Evidence-Based Practices: Research on effective instructional strategies for students with disabilities is constantly evolving. By incorporating evidence-based practices into alternative curriculum special education, schools can ensure that their interventions are effective and efficient.
5. Fostering Self-Advocacy: Alternative curriculum special education provides opportunities to empower students to become self-advocates, learning to understand their own learning styles and communicate their needs effectively.
Conclusion
Alternative curriculum special education represents a paradigm shift in how we approach the education of students with disabilities. While challenges remain, the potential benefits—enhanced personalization, inclusive classrooms, and increased student success—are significant. By embracing innovative strategies, fostering collaboration, and leveraging technological advancements, we can create learning environments that empower all students to reach their full potential. The future of special education lies in the continued development and refinement of alternative curriculum special education approaches.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between a traditional curriculum and an alternative curriculum in special education? A traditional curriculum follows a standardized set of learning objectives and materials, while an alternative curriculum is individualized to meet the unique needs of a student with a disability.
2. How are IEPs developed and implemented in alternative curriculum special education? IEPs are developed through collaboration between educators, parents, and the student (when appropriate), outlining specific learning goals, accommodations, and modifications. They are implemented through differentiated instruction and the use of assistive technologies.
3. What role does assistive technology play in alternative curriculum special education? Assistive technology provides students with the tools they need to access the curriculum and participate in learning activities, ranging from simple adaptive tools to sophisticated software programs.
4. How can schools ensure that their teachers are adequately trained to implement alternative curriculum special education? Schools should provide ongoing professional development opportunities focused on differentiated instruction, IEP development, assistive technology, and evidence-based practices for students with disabilities.
5. What are some effective strategies for fostering collaboration between parents and educators in alternative curriculum special education? Regular communication, open dialogue, shared decision-making, and mutual respect are essential. Utilizing various communication channels (e.g., email, phone calls, meetings) and actively seeking parental input are key.
6. How can alternative curriculum special education promote inclusivity in the classroom? By creating flexible learning environments and adapting materials to meet diverse learning styles, schools can ensure that students with disabilities are fully integrated into the general education classroom.
7. What are some challenges in assessing student progress in alternative curriculum special education? Traditional standardized tests may not accurately measure the progress of students with individualized learning plans. Alternative assessment methods, like portfolio assessments and performance-based tasks, are needed.
8. How can schools address resource constraints in implementing alternative curriculum special education? Schools can explore grant opportunities, collaborate with community organizations, and advocate for increased funding to secure necessary resources.
9. What is the role of self-advocacy in alternative curriculum special education? Empowering students to understand their own learning needs and communicate them effectively is crucial. This develops their skills for future success and independence.
Related Articles:
1. "The Impact of Assistive Technology on Student Outcomes in Alternative Curriculum Special Education": This article examines research on the effectiveness of various assistive technologies in improving academic achievement and functional skills for students with disabilities.
2. "Differentiating Instruction for Students with Learning Disabilities in Inclusive Classrooms": This piece explores specific strategies for adapting instruction to meet the diverse learning needs of students with learning disabilities within inclusive settings.
3. "Effective Collaboration Between Parents and Educators in Special Education: A Practical Guide": This article offers practical tips and strategies for fostering strong communication and collaboration between parents and educators in special education.
4. "Developing Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) for Students with Complex Needs": This article provides guidance on developing comprehensive and effective IEPs for students with multiple disabilities or complex learning needs.
5. "The Role of Technology in Creating Personalized Learning Experiences for Students with Disabilities": This article explores the potential of emerging technologies to personalize learning experiences and enhance student engagement.
6. "Assessing Student Progress in Alternative Curriculum Special Education: Beyond Standardized Tests": This piece examines alternative assessment methods that are better suited to measuring the learning gains of students with individualized learning plans.
7. "Transition Planning for Students with Disabilities: A Collaborative Approach": This article focuses on the importance of comprehensive transition planning to prepare students with disabilities for post-secondary education or employment.
8. "Addressing Resource Constraints in Special Education: Strategies for Maximizing Limited Resources": This article examines practical strategies for maximizing limited resources and securing additional funding for special education programs.
9. "Promoting Self-Advocacy Skills in Students with Disabilities": This article explores strategies and techniques for teaching self-advocacy skills to students with disabilities, enabling them to become active participants in their education.
Publisher: Sage Publications – A leading academic publisher with a strong reputation for publishing high-quality research in education and special education.
Editor: Dr. Michael Jones, Ph.D. in Educational Leadership, experienced editor with expertise in special education and inclusive practices.
| alternative curriculum special education: Inclusive Education for Students with Intellectual Disabilities Rhonda G. Craven, Alexandre J. S. Morin, Danielle Tracey, Philip D. Parker, Hua Flora Zhong, 2015-02-01 As a social justice endeavor, one of the goals of inclusive education is to bolster the education of all students by promoting equal opportunities for all, and investing sufficient support, curriculum and pedagogy that cultivates high self-concepts, emphasizes students’ strengths rather than weaknesses, and assists students to reach their optimal potential to make a contribution to society. Dedicated to the identification of international strategies to achieve this goal, Inclusive Education for Students with Intellectual Disabilities presents examples of theory, research, policy, and practice that will advance our understanding of how best to educate and more generally structure educational environments to promote social justice and equity. Importantly, this discussion transcends research methodology, context, and geographical locations and may lead to far-reaching applications. As such, the focus is placed on research-derived educational and psycho-educative practices that seed success for students with intellectual disabilities in inclusive educational settings and the volume showcases new directions in theory, research, and practice that may inform the education and psychosocial development of students with intellectual disabilities globally. The chapter contributors in this volume consist of 31 scholars from ten different countries, and they come from a great variety of research areas (i.e., teacher education, educational psychology, special education and disability policy, special needs and inclusive education, health sciences). This volume, with a series of subsections, offers insights and useful strategies to promote meaningful advances for students with intellectual disabilities globally. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Educating One and All National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Testing and Assessment, Committee on Goals 2000 and the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities, 1997-06-27 In the movement toward standards-based education, an important question stands out: How will this reform affect the 10% of school-aged children who have disabilities and thus qualify for special education? In Educating One and All, an expert committee addresses how to reconcile common learning for all students with individualized education for oneâ€the unique student. The book makes recommendations to states and communities that have adopted standards-based reform and that seek policies and practices to make reform consistent with the requirements of special education. The committee explores the ideas, implementation issues, and legislative initiatives behind the tradition of special education for people with disabilities. It investigates the policy and practice implications of the current reform movement toward high educational standards for all students. Educating One and All examines the curricula and expected outcomes of standards-based education and the educational experience of students with disabilitiesâ€and identifies points of alignment between the two areas. The volume documents the diverse population of students with disabilities and their school experiences. Because approaches to assessment and accountability are key to standards-based reforms, the committee analyzes how assessment systems currently address students with disabilities, including testing accommodations. The book addresses legal and resource implications, as well as parental participation in children's education. |
| alternative curriculum special education: A Principal's Guide to Special Education (3rd Edition) David F. Bateman, C. Fred Bateman, 2014-01-01 An essential handbook for educating students in the 21st century, since its initial publication A Principal's Guide to Special Education has provided guidance to school administrators seeking to meet the needs of students with disabilities. The third edition of this invaluable reference, updated in collaboration with and endorsed by the National Association of Elementary School Principals and the National Association of Secondary School Principals and incorporating the perspectives of both teachers and principals, addresses such current issues as teacher accountability and evaluation, instructional leadership, collaborative teaching and learning communities, discipline procedures for students with disabilities, and responding to students' special education needs within a standards-based environment. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Wrightslaw Special Education Legal Developments and Cases 2019 Peter Wright, Pamela Wright, 2020-07-10 Wrightslaw Special Education Legal Developments and Cases 2019 is designed to make it easier for you to stay up-to-date on new cases and developments in special education law.Learn about current and emerging issues in special education law, including:* All decisions in IDEA and Section 504 ADA cases by U.S. Courts of Appeals in 2019* How Courts of Appeals are interpreting the two 2017 decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court* Cases about discrimination in a daycare center, private schools, higher education, discrimination by licensing boards in national testing, damages, higher standards for IEPs and least restrictive environment* Tutorial about how to find relevant state and federal cases using your unique search terms |
| alternative curriculum special education: Wrightslaw Peter W. D. Wright, Pamela Darr Wright, 2002 Aimed at parents of and advocates for special needs children, explains how to develop a relationship with a school, monitor a child's progress, understand relevant legislation, and document correspondence and conversations. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Accessing the General Curriculum Victor Nolet, Margaret J. McLaughlin, 2005-06-09 Featuring updated strategies for fitting special education into frameworks created by standards and assessments, this indispensable resource shows teachers how to achieve expected results with all students. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Read 180 , 2002 READ 180 is a comprehensive reading intervention program designed to meet the needs of elementary to middle school students whose reading achievement is below the proficient level. The program directly addresses individual needs through differentiated instruction, adaptive and instructional software, high-interest literature, and direct instruction in reading, writing, and vocabulary skills. Stage A provides tools for young struggling readers in elementary school to develop critical literacy skills. Stage B provides middle school struggling readers with topics designed for their level of reading that hold their interest. System 44 was designed for the most challenged, older struggling readers, and helps these students understand that the English language is a finite system of 44 sounds and 26 letters that can be mastered. It uses validated assessment for screening and placement, research-based phonics instruction and highly motivating and age-appropriate adaptive technology. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Consumer Math Alpha Omega Publications, 1983 |
| alternative curriculum special education: The Resilience Formula Donna M. Volpitta, Joel David Haber, Ph D Joel Haber, 2012-03-01 The Resilience Formula is a plan for proactive parenting- parenting that actively considers how to teach resilience to children through everyday challenges. Many parenting books tell us what makes a good parent. It is not easy, however, to find information about how to be that type of parent, particularly when strong emotions come into play. In this book, we provide: 1- A FRAMEWORK for handling challenges, big and small; 2- LESSONS about how to script language to make your child more independent; and 3- A PLAN to help you transform challenges into opportunities to teach resilience. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Choosing Outcomes and Accommodations for Children Michael F. Giangreco, Chigee J. Cloninger, Virginia Salce Iverson, 1998 Substantially revised in response to research and feedback, the second edition of this popular planning tool is more user friendly and family oriented than ever. Organized into two parts, it's even easier to use - with redesigned forms, detailed explanations, explicit instructions, helpful hints for each step, and tabs and icons for pinpointing information. The established and field-tested methods of this practical edition make it easy for general and special educators, related services providers, school administrators, and parents to collaborate and work toward developing a meaningful IEP for each student. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Special Programs and Services in Schools Bonnie Beyer, Eileen S. Johnson, 2014-06-18 New edition of the definitive text thoroughly updated with information on Race to the Top, NCLB revisions, ESEA Reauthorization, federal, state and district responsibilitiesSpells out requirements and legislated mandates for special education, ESL, food service, disability, health services, gifted education, school to work, etc.For administrators in public, private and charter schoolsUsed as a text at Texas A&M, Houston, Michigan and many other universities Created for school administrators in public and private schools, this book is an update of the original 2005 volume that organized and explained virtually all federally mandated programs, the third curriculum that helps dictate how U.S. schools are managed. Used as a textbook in many universities, it lists and explains dozens of new U.S. laws and amendments from the past decade and situates them in the context of states and districts. It investigates the goals and requirements of dozens of education programs and clarifies government regulations affecting students as well as citizens who come in contact with schools, e.g., disabled individuals, job-seekers, employees, non-English-speaking parents and many other groups. Encompassing and yet going far beyond special education, the text offers pointers and case studies on how programs should be administered to improve learning outcomes as well as heighten a school's community profile. The detailed, concrete information in this book is indispensable for understanding government requirements, accessing the right agencies, reducing discrimination, and avoiding legal entanglements. At the same time, the 10 chapters of this volume are readily integrated into a syllabus for courses on special programs in schools. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Why Are So Many Minority Students in Special Education? Beth Harry, Janette K. Klingner, 2014-04-01 The second edition of this powerful book examines the disproportionate placement of Black and Hispanic students in special education. The authors present compelling, research-based stories representing the range of experiences faced by culturally and linguistically diverse students who fall in the liminal shadow of perceived disability. They examine the children's experiences, their families' interactions with school personnel, the teachers' and schools' estimation of the children and their families, and the school climate that influences decisions about referrals to special education. Based on the authors' 4 years of ethnographic research in a large, culturally diverse school district, the book concludes with recommendations for improving educational practice, teacher training, and policy renewal. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Inclusion Works! Faye Ong, 2009 |
| alternative curriculum special education: Alternate Assessment for Students with Significant Cognitive Disabilities Harold L. Kleinert, Jacqui Farmer Kearns, 2010 Develop effective alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards (AA-AAS). With this practical guidebook, K-12 educators will modify assessments and ensure high-quality instruction that leads to better outcomes. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Handbook of Effective Inclusive Schools James McLeskey, Fred Spooner, Bob Algozzine, Nancy, L. Waldron, 2014-05-16 Over the last decade, the educational context for students with disabilities has significantly changed primarily as a result of mandates contained in NCLB and IDEA. The purpose of this book is to summarize the research literature regarding how students might be provided classrooms and schools that are both inclusive and effective. Inclusive schools are defined as places where students with disabilities are valued and active participants in academic and social activities and are given supports that help them succeed. Effectiveness is addressed within the current movement toward multi-tiered systems of support and evidence-based practices that meet the demands of high-stakes accountability. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Comprehensive Literacy for All Karen A. Erickson, Karen Erickson, David Koppenhaver, 2019-12-17 An essential resource for educators, speech-language pathologists, and parents--and an ideal text for courses that cover literacy and significant disabilities--this book will help you ensure that all students have the reading and writing skills they need to unlock new opportunities and reach their potential. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Fair Isn't Always Equal Rick Wormeli, 2006 Differentiated instruction is a nice idea, but what happens when it comes to assessing and grading students? What's both fair and leads to real student learning? Fair Isn't Always Equal answers that question and much more. Rick Wormeli offers the latest research and common sense thinking that teachers and administrators seek when it comes to assessment and grading in differentiated classes. Filled with real examples and gray areas that middle and high school educators will easily recognize, Rick tackles important and sometimes controversial assessment and grading issues constructively. The book covers high-level concepts, ranging from rationale for differentiating assessment and grading to understanding mastery as well as the nitty-gritty details of grading and assessment, such as: whether to incorporate effort, attendance, and behavior into academic grades;whether to grade homework;setting up grade books and report cards to reflect differentiated practices;principles of successful assessment;how to create useful and fair test questions, including how to grade such prompts efficiently;whether to allow students to re-do assessments for full credit. This thorough and practical guide also includes a special section for teacher leaders that explores ways to support colleagues as they move toward successful assessment and grading practices for differentiated classrooms. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Helping Students Graduate Franklin Schargel, Jay Smink, 2013-10-31 This book describes the fifteen strategies identified through research reviewed by The National Dropout Prevention Center and Network at Clemson University. Each chapter in this book was written by a nationally recognized authority in that field. Research has shown that these 15 strategies have been successfully implemented in all school levels from K - 12 in rural, suburban, and urban centers; as stand-alone programs or as part of systemic school improvement plans. Helping Students Graduate: A Strategic Approach to Dropout Prevention also covers No Child Left Behind and its effects on dropout rates; Dealing with Hispanic dropouts; Differences and similarities between rural and urban dropouts. These fifteen strategies have been adopted by the U.S. Department of Education. They are applicable to all students, including students with disabilities. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Inclusion in Action Nicole Eredics, 2018 To create truly inclusive school and classroom environments, educators must be prepared to include all students--including students with intellectual disabilities, who are not always given the opportunity to be full participants in the classroom. This book provides an overview of the history of inclusion, the philosophy underlying inclusion, and the role that curriculum accommodations and modifications play in making inclusion possible. The author discusses four ways to modify curriculum for students working well below grade level: altering content, conceptual difficulty, educational goals, or instructional methods. She then provides 40 curriculum modification strategies, based on Robert Marzano's New Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, with directions for implementation and samples of student work. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Individual Education Plans : Standards for Development, Program Planning, and Implementation Ontario. Ministry of Education, 2000 This document describes, new, province-wide standards that school boards must meet when developing, implementing, and monitoring Individual Education Plans (IEPs) for exceptional students, in accordance with Regulation 181/98 of the Education Act, and for students not identified as exceptional who are receiving a special education program and services.--Introd., p. 3. |
| alternative curriculum special education: A Teacher's Guide to Special Education David F. Bateman, Jenifer L. Cline, 2016-06-27 Despite the prevalence of students with disabilities in the general education classroom, few teachers receive training on how to meet these students’ needs or how to navigate Despite the prevalence of students with disabilities in the general education classroom, few teachers receive training on how to meet these students’ needs or how to navigate the legally mandated processes enumerated in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). What is their role? What are their responsibilities? What are the roles and rights of parents? And what must all teachers do to ensure that students with disabilities and other special needs receive the quality education they’re entitled to? In this practical reference, David F. Bateman—bestselling author of A Principal’s Guide to Special Education—and special education administrator Jenifer L. Cline clarify what general education teachers need to know about special education law and processes and provide a guide to instructional best practices for the inclusive classroom. Topics covered include The pre-referral, referral, and evaluation processes Individualized education programs (IEPs) and the parties involved Accommodations for students who do not quality for special education, including those covered by Section 504 Transition from preK to K–12 and from high school to postschool life Classroom management and student behavior Educational frameworks, instructional strategies, and service delivery options Assessment, grades, graduation, and diplomas The breadth of coverage in this book, along with its practical examples, action steps, and appendixes covering key terms and definitions will provide the foundation all K–12 teachers need to successfully instruct and support students receiving special education services. It’s an indispensable resource for every general education classroom. the legally mandated processes enumerated in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). What is their role? What are their responsibilities? What are the roles and rights of parents? And what must all teachers do to ensure that students with disabilities and other special needs receive the quality education they’re entitled to? In this practical reference, David F. Bateman—bestselling author of A Principal’s Guide to Special Education—and special education administrator Jenifer L. Cline clarify what general education teachers need to know about special education law and processes and provide a guide to instructional best practices for the inclusive classroom. Topics covered include The pre-referral, referral, and evaluation processes Individualized education programs (IEPs) and the parties involved Accommodations for students who do not quality for special education, including those covered by Section 504 Transition from preK to K–12 and from high school to postschool life Classroom management and student behavior Educational frameworks, instructional strategies, and service delivery options Assessment, grades, graduation, and diplomas The breadth of coverage in this book, along with its practical examples, action steps, and appendixes covering key terms and definitions will provide the foundation all K–12 teachers need to successfully instruct and support students receiving special education services. It’s an indispensable resource for every general education classroom. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Instructional Strategies in General Education and Putting the Individuals With Disabilities Act (IDEA) Into Practice Epler, Pam L., 2017-11-30 Diverse learners with particular needs require a specialized curriculum that will help them develop socially and intellectually. As educational technologies and theoretical approaches to learning continue to advance, so do the opportunities for exceptional children. Instructional Strategies in General Education and Putting the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA) into Practice is a pivotal reference source for the latest teaching strategies for educators with special needs students. Featuring extensive coverage on relevant areas such as instructional adaptions, locomotor apparatus diseases, and intellectual disabilities, this publication is an ideal resource for school administrators, general and special education classroom teachers, and graduate-level students seeking current research on instructional strategies for educating students with disabilities. |
| alternative curriculum special education: GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Exam Secrets Gace Exam Secrets Test Prep, 2018-04-12 ***Includes Practice Test Questions*** GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Secrets helps you ace the Georgia Assessments for the Certification of Educators, without weeks and months of endless studying. Our comprehensive GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Secrets study guide is written by our exam experts, who painstakingly researched every topic and concept that you need to know to ace your test. Our original research reveals specific weaknesses that you can exploit to increase your exam score more than you've ever imagined. GACE Special Education Adapted Curriculum Secrets includes: The 5 Secret Keys to GACE Success: Time is Your Greatest Enemy, Guessing is Not Guesswork, Practice Smarter, Not Harder, Prepare, Don't Procrastinate, Test Yourself; A comprehensive General Strategy review including: Make Predictions, Answer the Question, Benchmark, Valid Information, Avoid Fact Traps, Milk the Question, The Trap of Familiarity, Eliminate Answers, Tough Questions, Brainstorm, Read Carefully, Face Value, Prefixes, Hedge Phrases, Switchback Words, New Information, Time Management, Contextual Clues, Don't Panic, Pace Yourself, Answer Selection, Check Your Work, Beware of Directly Quoted Answers, Slang, Extreme Statements, Answer Choice Families, and much more... |
| alternative curriculum special education: Alternate Assessments Based on Alternate Achievement Standards William D. Schafer, Robert W. Lissitz, 2009 Discover what really works in alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards. This book gathers cutting-edge knowledge and best practices in seven states to help readers work toward accurate assessment of students with severe disabilities. |
| alternative curriculum special education: How to Grade for Learning Ken O'Connor, 2017-10-04 Implement standards-based grading practices that help students succeed! Classroom assessment methods should help students develop to their full potential, but meshing traditional grading practices with students’ achievement on standards has been difficult. Making lasting changes to grading practices requires both knowledge and willpower. Discover eight guidelines for good grading, recommendations for practical applications, and suggestions for implementing new grading practices as well as: ? The why’s and the how-to’s of implementing standards-based grading practices ? Tips from 48 nationally and internationally known authors and consultants ? Additional information on utilizing level scores rather than percentages ? Reflective exercises ? Techniques for managing grading more efficiently |
| alternative curriculum special education: Changing Our Minds Dr. Naomi Fisher, 2021-02-04 Children are born full of curiosity, eager to participate in the world. They learn as they live, with enthusiasm and joy. Then we send them to school. We stop them from playing and actively exploring their interests, telling them it's more important to sit still and listen. The result is that for many children, their motivation to learn drops dramatically. The joy of the early years is replaced with apathy and anxiety. This is not inevitable. We are socialised to believe that schooling is synonymous with education, but it's only one approach. Self-directed education puts the child back in control of their learning. This enables children, including those diagnosed with special educational needs, to flourish in their own time and on their own terms. It enables us to put wellbeing at the centre of education. Changing Our Minds brings together research, theory and practice on learning. It includes interviews with influential thinkers in the field of self-directed education and examples from families alongside practical advice. This essential guide will give you an understanding of why self-directed education makes sense, how it works, and what to do to put it into action yourself. |
| alternative curriculum special education: The Carolina Curriculum for Preschoolers with Special Needs Nancy Johnson-Martin, Bonnie J. Hacker, Susan M. Attermeier, 2004 CCPSN is one of the two volumes of the The Carolina Curriculum, an assessment and intervention program designed for use with young children from birth to five years who have mild to severe disabilities. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Understanding by Design Grant P. Wiggins, Jay McTighe, 2005 What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Community-based Instruction Barbara A. Beakley, Sandy L. Yoder, Lynda L. West, 2003 This guide is intended to provide teachers of student with disabilities with resources, ideas, and procedures in implementing community-based instruction (CBI). The first chapter defines CBI, explains its importance, differentiates CBI from field trips, discusses appropriate CBI participants and stakeholders, and reviews the research on CBI. Chapter 2 focuses on expectations for CBI including expected outcomes, expectations for students, expectations for families, expectations for communities, and how expected outcomes of CBI respond to school reform issues. The following chapter considers procedures for program implementation including 10 steps to utilizing CBI, CBI sites for older students, and necessary resources and support systems. Chapter 4 considers the school and classroom component of CBI such as application of the general curriculum and alternative curriculum approaches and the transition portion of the Individualized Education Program. The following chapter focuses on development of independence and self-determination skills as well as natural environments for CBI and transfer of skills from classroom to community. Chapter 6 addresses issues concerned with evaluation of CBI programs, noting important evaluation questions and how to use assessment information to show accountability. The last two chapters focus on maintaining and generalizing community skills and the dynamics of community-based instruction, respectively. Appendices include a variety of sample forms. A CD-ROM containing the appendix files is also included.(Individual chapters contain references.) (DB). |
| alternative curriculum special education: Special Education Transition Services for Students with Disabilities Jeffrey P. Bakken, Festus E. Obiakor, 2019-11-26 This book discusses the considerable challenges students with disabilities conquer in education, varying from relationships with teachers and academics, learning resources, and everyday social situations. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Leading for Social Justice Elise M. Frattura, Colleen A. Capper, 2007-04-18 An opportunity for aligning educational programming within schools to provide a comprehensive PreK–12 experience with the results districts are looking for: students exceeding their potential and having the skills, knowledge, and long-term understandings that can be applied to real-world problems. —Brian T. Pulvino, Director of Special Education Syracuse City School District, NY A must-read for teachers, principals, directors, and superintendents as they advance equity and excellence for all children. —Barbara J. Sramek, Director of Special Education Marshall Public Schools, WI An insightful guide for integrating comprehensive services to benefit all students. Acknowledging that student achievement increases in inclusive learning environments and decreases when groups are taught separately, this easily accessible guide examines methods for raising the achievement of English Language Learners and students with special needs, who are sometimes overlooked in a culture of high-stakes testing. The authors provide a step-by-step process for conducting a formative analysis to help schools integrate schoolwide change through proactive support services. Readers will find ways to: Examine discrepancies between current practice and research Build a school climate that supports students with challenging behaviors Implement programs focused on continuous equity-driven accountability Develop curriculum, instruction, and teacher capacity Ideal for special education teachers, directors of special education, and other district administrators, this excellent resource can help you develop an instructional climate to promote success for every student! |
| alternative curriculum special education: Supporting Early Career Teachers With Research-Based Practices Wellner, Laurie, Pierce-Friedman, Kathleen, 2021-05-21 Teachers in their first few years of their teaching career require high quality, structured support to begin the journey towards becoming experts. Establishing research-based best practices and working habits set up early career teachers for a fulfilling and successful career. The requirements of teachers are constantly changing, and teachers need to continually adapt their knowledge and practices to fit schools’ changing demographics. Having a toolbox of research-based best practices to draw upon can support early career teachers as they move from theory to practical application when the learning curve is the steepest. Strengthening the system of support includes increasing teachers’ influence over their day-to-day work and developing positive and supportive cultures of learning. Supporting Early Career Teachers With Research-Based Practices presents both theoretical and practical research to support the conceptual understanding of educational praxis for common areas with which early career educators may require additional expertise or support. This book is intended to be a valuable contribution to the body of literature in the field of education by supplying research-based teaching practices for modern education. Primary topics covered include professional learning, classroom management, student-teacher relationships, teaching diverse students and inclusive educational practices, and teacher self-care strategies. This book is a valuable reference tool for early career teachers of all subject areas and grade levels, school administrators, teacher mentors and guides, education faculty in higher education, educational researchers, curriculum developers, instructional facilitators, practicing teachers, pre-service teachers, professional development coordinators, teacher educators, researchers, academicians, and students interested in teaching practices and support for the early career teacher. |
| alternative curriculum special education: High-leverage Practices in Special Education Council for Exceptional Children, Collaboration for Effective Educator Development, Accountability and Reform, 2017 Special education teachers, as a significant segment of the teaching profession, came into their own with the passage of Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, in 1975. Since then, although the number of special education teachers has grown substantially it has not kept pace with the demand for their services and expertise. The roles and practice of special education teachers have continuously evolved as the complexity of struggling learners unfolded, along with the quest for how best to serve and improve outcomes for this diverse group of students. High-Leverage Practices in Special Education defines the activities that all special educators needed to be able to use in their classrooms, from Day One. HLPs are organized around four aspects of practice collaboration, assessment, social/emotional/behavioral practices, and instruction because special education teachers enact practices in these areas in integrated and reciprocal ways. The HLP Writing Team is a collaborative effort of the Council for Exceptional Children, its Teacher Education Division, and the CEEDAR Center; its members include practitioners, scholars, researchers, teacher preparation faculty, and education advocates--Amazon.com |
| alternative curriculum special education: The Young Child and Mathematics Juanita V. Copley, 2010 Reflects recent developments in math education using vignettes from classrooms, activity ideas, and strategies for teaching young children about math processes and concepts. Incorporates standards and guidelines from NCTM and NAEYC. |
| alternative curriculum special education: The Bilingual Special Education Interface Leonard Baca, Hermes T. Cervantes, 2004 The leader in the growing bilingual special education field, this edited text offers future teachers, counselors, psychologists, and speech/language specialists an understanding of the major needs of bilingual children who also have disabilities. Chapter sequence highlights the connections between the common knowledge base, programs, and methodologies of special education and those of bilingual education, in order to explore ways to help exceptional children of Asian, African, Hispanic, and Native-American heritage succeed in today's increasingly inclusive educational settings. Throughout the text, the authors carefully balance a solid theoretical foundation with practical information that students can use in the classroom. See more at: http: //www.pearsonhighered.com/educator/product/Bilingual-Special- Education-Interface-The/9780131138438.page#sthash.Ss6PmZqn.dpuf |
| alternative curriculum special education: The Carolina Curriculum for Infants and Toddlers with Special Needs Nancy Johnson-Martin, Susan M. Attermeier, Bonnie J. Hacker, 2004 CCITSN is one of the two volumes of the The Carolina Curriculum, an assessment and intervention program designed for use with young children from birth to five years who have mild to severe disabilities. |
| alternative curriculum special education: English 3D Kate Kinsella, 2017 English 3D was designed to accelerate language development for English learners who have agility with social interactional English while lacking the advanced linguisitic knowledge and skills required by complex coursework in school. English 3D propels students to higher language proficiency through a consistent series of lessons derived from research-based principles and classroom-tested practices that maximize students' verbal and written engagement with conceptually rigorous content.--Teaching Guide Course A, Volume 1, Overview p. T10. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Assessing Learners with Special Needs Terry Overton, 2015 A practical, applied approach to assessing learners with special needs from early childhood through transition Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach, 8/e provides readers with a practical, step-by-step approach to learning about the complex procedures of the assessment process. This new edition provides a new presentation format and a new format for assessing student mastery of material through interactive learning activities. The Enhanced Pearson eText features embedded video, assessments, and exercises. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Instruction of Students with Severe Disabilities Martha E. Snell, Fredda Brown, 2014-02-04 This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. The seventh edition of this widely-adopted text for special educators addresses the full-range of curriculum and instructional topics involved in educating individuals with moderate, severe, and multiple disabilities. Evidence-based practices are presented in clearly-defined ways so that teachers can easily understand the research presented and apply it in the real classroom. All chapters in the book are unique, written by leaders in the field known for their research and writing on the specific topics. Case studies of students are applied to chapter content in vignettes, tables, and figures found throughout the chapters, and the textbook rests on a solid evidence-base with research citations provided. The new edition features many new updates including: a greater emphasis on teaching students with autism; six new chapters authored by experts in the field; more information on teaching methods supported by research, peer support, teaching academic skills, the process for planning and implementing instruction within general education classrooms, transition planning, and alternate assessment. All core chapters have been strengthened and expanded, and PowerPoint slides are now available for course instructors. |
| alternative curriculum special education: Bilingual and ESL Classrooms Carlos Julio Ovando, Virginia P. Collier, Mary Carol Combs, 2005-07 This classic text integrates theory and practice to provide comprehensive coverage of bilingual and ESL education. The text covers the foundations of bilingual and ESL education (who the students are, what the policies are and have been, the role and development of language and culture) and provides a strong focus on what the teacher needs to know in a bilingual classroom (such as instruction strategies, teaching in content areas, assessment, and working with students with special needs). Woven throughout the text are quotes from bilingual and ESL students and teachers that illuminate the bilingual/ESL learning and teaching experience. |
ALTERNATIVE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ALTERNATIVE is offering or expressing a choice. How to use alternative in a sentence. Synonym Discussion of Alternative.
ALTERNATIVE | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ALTERNATIVE definition: 1. An alternative plan or method is one that you can use if you do not want to use another one: 2…. Learn more.
ALTERNATIVE Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Alternative definition: a choice limited to one of two or more possibilities, as of things, propositions, or courses of action, the selection of which precludes any other possibility.. See examples of …
ALTERNATIVE definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Alternative is used to describe something that is different from the usual things of its kind, or the usual ways of doing something, in modern Western society. For example, an alternative lifestyle …
Alternative - Wikipedia
Alternative (Kamen Rider), a character in the Japanese TV series Kamen Rider RyukiAlternative comics, or independent comics are an alternative to mainstream superhero comics; Alternative …
Alternative - definition of alternative by The Free Dictionary
Define alternative. alternative synonyms, alternative pronunciation, alternative translation, English dictionary definition of alternative. n. 1. a. One of a number of possible choices or courses of …
alternative noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
alternative something that you can choose to have or do out of two or more possibilities: You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly: those are the two alternatives. option, choice or …
What does alternative mean? - Definitions.net
Alternative refers to one or more options or choices available as a substitute or replacement to the existing one. It generally denotes the possibility of choice between two or more things. In …
Alternative Definition & Meaning | Britannica Dictionary
ALTERNATIVE meaning: 1 : offering or expressing a choice; 2 : not usual or traditional often used to describe something that is more natural or that causes less pollution than the usual product, …
alternative - WordReference.com Dictionary of English
a choice among only two possibilities such that if one is chosen, the other cannot be chosen: Here are the alternatives: surrender or die. one of these choices: The alternative to riding is walking. …
Alternative Education: Schools and Providers July 2011
The aim of Alternative Education is to help students who have become alienated from ... curriculum and assessment 45 A focus on the whole student 52 leadership, coordination and …
MISSISSIPPI ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (MAS) - Secretary of State …
the general education curriculum and take all required prerequisite courses prior ... General Accommodations – These are allowable accommodations that can be utilized by both general …
Alternative Provision Strategic Framework
into their post-16 aspirations. AP can also be used as an alternative pathway to reduce risks on site in schools and deliver a more inclusive curriculum of the childs needs that is not deemed …
Alabama Alternate - Alabama State Department of Education
The committee was composed of both general education teachers, special education teachers, English Language Acquisition Teachers, Teachers of the Visually Impaired, and Teachers of …
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role that alternative provision can play in supporting children and young people to remain in mainstream education by offering early, targeted support; and in offering time-limited or …
Received: Alternate Curricula as a Barrier to Inclusive …
national alternative curriculum is required for all students with intellectual disabilities. In the United States, adoption of alternate achievement ... United States are educated in self-contained …
Updates to Access Points - Florida Department of Education
statewide, general education curriculum standardized assessment administered pursuant to section 1008.22(3)(a)-(b), F.S., unless there is medical documentation that the student …
EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES FOR ALTERNATIVE SCHOOL …
typically cannot be met in a regular school, provides nontraditional education, serves as an adjunct to a regular school, or falls outside the categories of regular, special education, or …
Recommended Augmentative and Alternative …
Key Words: Augmentative and Alternative Communication, Special Education, Teacher Preparation, Teacher Training Special education teacher preparation programs need to train …
Children with Disabilities in Malaysia and Their Educational …
practice relating to special education in other jurisdictions to see the differences in the implementation in the Special Education sector. Keywords: Children with Disabilities, …
Academic Programs in Alternative Education An Overview
This paper was prepared for and funded by the U.S. Department of Labor, Employment, and Training Administration. This paper is the second in a series published in 2006 by the National …
Special Education in Ontario
Part B: Standards for School Boards Special Education Plans B1. Part B: Standards for School Boards Special Education Plans B1. Introduction B1. The Board s Consultation Process B3. …
DOCUMENT RESUME TITLE INSTITUTION - GovInfo
GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM (THE LA When Congress passed amendments in 1997 to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), they made it clear that children with …
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ensures equity for all students with special education needs. special education plan. A plan based on province-wide standards that describes the special education programs and services …
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not limited to: (Education Code 51745) 1. Special assignments extending the content of regular courses of instruction 2. Individualized study in a particular area of interest or in a subject not …
PDSB Special Education Plan Review/Consultation
• a record of the teaching strategies specific to modified and alternative ... curriculum. • Special Education in Ontario, 2017 . Implementation . The PDSB has specific processes and supports …
Alternative Education Guidance - TKI
personal and social skills based on the key competencies within the New Zealand Curriculum re-engagement back into secondary school, further education or training, or where appropriate, …
Determining Special Education Eligibility for Specific Learning ...
Special Education Eligibility for Specific Learning Disabilities This technical assistance document provides general guidance for parents, teachers, special education personnel, administrators, …
LIFE SKILLS & STRUCTURED FOR LIFE (SFL) HANDBOOK
general education program, even with modifications and accommodations is not achievable. A special education life skills classroom provides an alternative curriculum for students with …
Developments in Curriculum-Based Measurement
184 THE JOURNAL OF SPECIAL EDUCATION VOL. 37/NO. 3/2003/PP. 184–192 Developments in Curriculum-Based Measurement Stanley L. Deno, University of Minnesota Curriculum-based …
Educational Environments - New Hampshire Department of …
focus on modified general curriculum, life skills, functional academics, and behavioral support. Ed. 1100.3 Continuum of Alternative Learning Environments (Ages 6-21) Self-Contained Special …
Providing Meaningful General Education Curriculum
curriculum is used incorrectly as an argument against educating the student in the general education classroom. Federal Laws Do Not Permit Alternate Content Standards and Alternate …
PUPIL SERVICES Guide to Alternative Educational Placements
P a g e | 5 LAUSD Alternative Education Options Pregnant Minor Schools meet the educational needs of pregnant middle and senior high school students. They provide special programs at …
Education Alternatives - AGCAS
Section A: Teaching in alternative settings 6 Chapter 1 Adult and community education 6 Chapter 2 Alternative education 8 Chapter 3 Alternative provision 10 Chapter 4 Environmental …
Frequently Asked Questions - TN.gov
obtained within the time period for which the state ensures availability of a free public education . under section 612(a)(1) of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1412(a)(1)). …
A Parent’s Guide to Special Education in Connecticut - CT.gov
in combination with the State’s special education law. These laws are complex. The goal of this Guide is to help families understand the key concepts of the laws and how to be an effective …
Participation Guidelines: Alternate Academic Achievement …
Evaluation and Determination of Eligibility for Special Education When a child is referred for special education services, the school district will use “…a variety of ... teach skills students …
LIFE SKILLS TRAINING THROUGH SITUATED LEARNING …
concepts emphasized in the curriculum. Through a partnership with a college, community agency and public school, graduate students in the special education program developed and …
The Blended Learning Environment: A Viable Alternative for …
between the general education and special education teacher (McCown, 2014). This method of instruction requires strong communication and collaboration by all parties involved: the student, …
Running head: APPROPRIATE CURRICULUM FOR …
Standards-Based Curriculum versus Functional Curriculum Since the inception of special education programs dating back to 1975 through the adoption of the EAHCA, there have been …
Common Core State Standards and Implications for Special …
based diploma by 2018, the Maine Department of Education (MDE) developed an evidence-based, best practice professional development model. The model is designed to help align …
Survey and Analysis of Alternative Education Programs - pa
differences are there in alternative education curriculum from regular education? • How do teachers and administrators evaluate the effectiveness of their alternative education ... special …
Nevada Alternative Diploma Implementation Guidance
Nevada Alternative Diploma Implementation Guidance . Nevada Department of Education Office of Special Education 700 East Fifth Street, Suite 106 Carson City, Nevada 89701 (775) 687 …
Anne Arundel County Public Schools - Department of Special …
that the child is eligible to participate in the alternate education assessment aligned with the State’s alternative curriculum to include restraint (and/or seclusion – which is not allowable in …
Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Classrooms: …
disabilities, severe communication impairments, pre-service special education teachers, communication disorders, competencies, knowledge and skills, special education, and AAC. …
GA Fact Sheet: Georgia Alternate Assessment - Parent to …
The GAA is used to measure how well your child has learned the grade level curriculum based on alternative achievement standards. The portfolio is scored according to how well it addresses …
Special Education Basics
May 12, 2014 · –Curriculum –Special Education –Scroll down to the first option and click on the arrow in front of Special Education Implementation: Rules, Manual, Forms, FAQ’s •Best …
2024-2025 STAAR Alternate 2 FAQs - Texas Education Agency
Dec 17, 2024 · Special education teachers, special education advocates, regional education service center representatives, and other stakeholders from across the state assisted the TEA …
Alternative Assessment: Definitions, Examples, Tools, and …
with clearly stated outcomes (Competency-based Education Network).1 CBE is a framework that is growing in implementation across the US. The Aurora Institute, which hosted the National …
Guidelines for New Brunswick Alternative Education …
15. Standards and criteria guide alternative education programs and services. Alternative education programs and services are committed to ongoing evaluation and quality …
Alternative Provision Quality Toolkit - Centre for Social Justice
R.E.A.L. Education & R.E.A.L. Independent Schools Kay Carter REACH School Nicola Redhead Rocksteady Training Peter J Townsend Solihull Alternative Provision Academy Stephen …
Alternative Provision: Effective Practice and Post 16 …
Pupils in 2014 who ended Key Stage 4 (KS4) in alternative provision make up 1% of all KS4 pupils but 4% of all NEET (not in education, employment or training) 16 year olds (Department for …
D I P L O M A O P T I O N S I N G E O R G I A - Parent to …
Feb 7, 2022 · Option 2: Special Education Diploma. This diploma is awarded to students with an Individual Education Program (IEP) who. have completed their IEP goals but have not met all …
A Parent Guide to the Pennsylvania Alternate System of …
Typically, the student’s special education teacher or a familiar service provider gives the test. The Bureau of Special Education recommends that testing occur in a setting that is familiar to the …
What evidence is there for the benefits of flexible and …
3. Yoneda, H., 2020, August. Development of the Japanese Inclusive Education System: From Special Schools to Curriculum Modification for Special-Needs Education in Regular Schools. In …
Elizabeth E. Biggs, Ph.D. Curriculum Vita - cdn.vanderbilt.edu
2013-2017 Research Assistant, Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt University 2015 University Supervisor for Student Teaching, Department of Special Education, Vanderbilt …
Adapting the Curriculum to Meet the Needs of Diverse Learners
For a learner who has a special education IEP, adaptations should help to facilitate a match between a learner’s individualized program and the general education curriculum. Adapting the …
Pennsylvania Parent Guide to Special Education for School …
be eligible for special education. In Pennsylvania, all children eligible for special education have the right to a free, appropriate, public education (FAPE). NOTE: Children with disabilities who …
Final Guidelines for Alternative Education Settings
Subsequently, Public Act 15‐133, An Act Concerning Alternative Education, required the CSDE to develop guidelines for the provision of alternative education. The statute required that such …
