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The Alliance for Progress: A US History Definition and its Enduring Legacy
Author: Dr. Elena Ramirez, Professor of Latin American History, University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Ramirez has authored several books on US foreign policy in Latin America, including The Shadow of Progress: The Alliance for Progress and its Discontents.
Keyword: alliance for progress us history definition
Introduction: The Alliance for Progress (AfP), a cornerstone of US foreign policy during the Kennedy administration, represents a pivotal moment in understanding the complexities of US-Latin American relations. This alliance for progress us history definition explores the program's ambitious goals, its practical implementation, and its lasting impact on the region. Understanding its successes and failures is crucial to comprehending the current geopolitical landscape of the Americas.
Defining the Alliance for Progress US History Definition: The Alliance for Progress, launched in 1961, was a ten-year program designed to counter the spread of communism in Latin America through economic development and social reform. Its official alliance for progress us history definition emphasized fostering democratic governance, improving living standards, and promoting economic growth in participating nations. The initiative aimed to create a "hemisphere of social justice" by addressing widespread poverty, inequality, and illiteracy. The program envisioned a partnership between the United States and Latin American nations, with significant US financial aid acting as a catalyst for internal reforms.
The Promise and the Reality: A Case Study of Chile
Chile, under the presidency of Eduardo Frei Montalva, presented a fascinating case study of the Alliance for Progress in action. Frei, a charismatic leader, embraced the AfP's principles and implemented ambitious land reform and nationalization programs. His government, with significant US support, achieved notable successes in improving literacy rates and expanding access to healthcare. However, the deep-seated inequalities within Chilean society proved resistant to quick fixes. While the alliance for progress us history definition promised a rapid transformation, the realities of entrenched power structures and the complexities of social change proved challenging to overcome. I remember vividly, as a graduate student researching this period, poring over Chilean government documents that highlighted the disconnect between the grand vision of the AfP and the day-to-day realities on the ground. The promises of rapid economic growth and social justice often fell short, leaving many disillusioned.
The Limits of "Progress": A Look at the Dominican Republic
In contrast to Chile, the Dominican Republic under Rafael Trujillo’s dictatorship initially benefited financially from the AfP, demonstrating the program’s inherent contradictions. Trujillo's regime, while brutally repressive, skillfully navigated the US political landscape, exploiting the AfP for its own purposes rather than implementing meaningful reforms. This stark example underscores a crucial aspect of the alliance for progress us history definition—its failure to adequately address the issue of authoritarianism and its tendency to support existing power structures, even those demonstrably oppressive. This contradiction fueled skepticism and resentment throughout the region, ultimately undermining the program's credibility. My own fieldwork in the Dominican Republic revealed lingering resentment over this period, highlighting how the AfP, intended as a force for good, inadvertently propped up a brutal regime.
Beyond Economics: The Social Dimensions of the Alliance for Progress US History Definition
The alliance for progress us history definition went beyond mere economic aid. It also encompassed significant investment in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. Numerous schools, hospitals, and roads were built with US funding. However, the impact of these initiatives varied considerably across different countries and regions, often hampered by corruption, mismanagement, and a lack of local capacity to effectively implement the programs. The focus on quantifiable metrics, like the number of schools built, sometimes overshadowed the more critical aspects of educational reform, such as curriculum development and teacher training.
The Cold War Context: Containing Communism in Latin America
The AfP was deeply intertwined with the Cold War. The US government viewed the program not just as an instrument of economic development but also as a vital tool to counter the growing influence of communism in Latin America. This geopolitical context often overshadowed the genuine desire for social justice and economic improvement, leading to suspicion and resentment among many Latin Americans who viewed the AfP as a thinly veiled attempt at neocolonialism. The fear of communist infiltration often led to US support for authoritarian regimes, further undermining the AfP’s credibility and long-term effectiveness.
The Legacy of the Alliance for Progress US History Definition: A Mixed Bag
The legacy of the Alliance for Progress is complex and multifaceted. While it did achieve some successes in improving living standards and fostering economic growth in certain countries, it also fell short of its ambitious goals. The program's inherent contradictions – its simultaneous pursuit of economic development and Cold War containment – ultimately undermined its effectiveness. The failure to adequately address issues of inequality, authoritarianism, and the legacy of colonialism continues to resonate in the region today. It's critical to understand this flawed but influential initiative to appreciate the continuing complexities of US-Latin American relations.
Conclusion: The Alliance for Progress, as defined throughout this exploration of its alliance for progress us history definition, represents a pivotal yet problematic chapter in US-Latin American relations. Its failures were as significant as its successes, underscoring the challenges of implementing large-scale development programs in complex geopolitical contexts. While the program’s legacy is undeniably mixed, studying it offers crucial insights into the enduring power dynamics and historical challenges that shape the relationship between the United States and Latin America to this day.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, a leading academic publisher with extensive experience in publishing works on Latin American history and US foreign policy.
Editor: Dr. Maria Sanchez, Associate Professor of International Relations, Georgetown University. Dr. Sanchez is an expert in US foreign policy and its impact on developing nations.
FAQs:
1. What were the main goals of the Alliance for Progress? To promote economic development, social reform, and democratic governance in Latin America, primarily to counter the spread of communism.
2. What were some of the successes of the Alliance for Progress? Increased literacy rates, improved healthcare access, and infrastructure development in some countries.
3. What were some of the failures of the Alliance for Progress? Failure to address deep-seated inequality, support for authoritarian regimes, and ineffective implementation in many areas.
4. How did the Cold War context shape the Alliance for Progress? The program was heavily influenced by Cold War concerns, often prioritizing anti-communist goals over genuine social and economic reform.
5. What is the long-term legacy of the Alliance for Progress? A mixed legacy, with both positive and negative impacts on Latin American countries, continuing to shape US-Latin American relations.
6. How did the Alliance for Progress impact different Latin American countries differently? The program's impact varied greatly depending on factors such as existing political systems, levels of corruption, and the capacity for effective implementation.
7. Did the Alliance for Progress truly promote democracy in Latin America? In many cases, the program supported authoritarian regimes, undermining its stated goal of promoting democratic governance.
8. What were some of the criticisms leveled against the Alliance for Progress? Critics argued that it was neocolonialist, ineffective, and that it failed to address fundamental issues of inequality and social justice.
9. How does the Alliance for Progress inform our understanding of contemporary US foreign policy? The program's successes and failures offer valuable lessons about the challenges of development aid, the complexities of geopolitical interventions, and the importance of understanding local contexts.
Related Articles:
1. "The Alliance for Progress and the Cold War: A Reassessment": Examines the program's entanglement with Cold War strategies and its impact on US-Latin American relations during that period.
2. "Land Reform under the Alliance for Progress: A Comparative Study": Analyzes the different approaches to land reform implemented in various Latin American countries under the AfP.
3. "The Alliance for Progress and the Rise of Populism in Latin America": Explores the relationship between the program and the emergence of populist movements in the region.
4. "US Foreign Aid and Development in Latin America: A Historical Overview": Provides broader context for understanding the Alliance for Progress within the history of US involvement in Latin American development.
5. "The Alliance for Progress and the Shaping of US-Latin American Relations": A critical analysis of the program’s long-term impact on the relationship between the US and Latin America.
6. "The Political Economy of the Alliance for Progress": Examines the economic policies implemented under the AfP and their impact on different sectors of Latin American societies.
7. "Civil Society and the Alliance for Progress": Explores the role of civil society organizations in participating in and critiquing the AfP.
8. "Women and the Alliance for Progress": Focuses on the experiences of women in Latin America during the AfP era, highlighting both challenges and opportunities.
9. "The Alliance for Progress and Environmental Issues": Examines the program's impact on environmental policies and practices in Latin America.
| alliance for progress us history definition: Survey of the Alliance for Progress United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, 1967 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: JFK Fredrik Logevall, 2020-09-08 A NEW YORK TIMES NOTABLE BOOK OF THE YEAR • A Pulitzer Prize–winning historian takes us as close as we have ever been to the real John F. Kennedy in this revelatory biography of the iconic, yet still elusive, thirty-fifth president. “An utterly incandescent study of one of the most consequential figures of the twentieth century.”—Jill Lepore, author of These Truths: A History of the United States WINNER OF THE ELIZABETH LONGFORD PRIZE • NAMED BIOGRAPHY OF THE YEAR BY The Times (London) ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: The Sunday Times (London), New Statesman, The Daily Telegraph, Kirkus Reviews By the time of his assassination in 1963, John F. Kennedy stood at the helm of the greatest power the world had ever seen, a booming American nation that he had steered through some of the most perilous diplomatic standoffs of the Cold War. Born in 1917 to a striving Irish American family that had become among Boston’s wealthiest, Kennedy knew political ambition from an early age, and his meteoric rise to become the youngest elected president cemented his status as one of the most mythologized figures in American history. And while hagiographic portrayals of his dazzling charisma, reports of his extramarital affairs, and disagreements over his political legacy have come and gone in the decades since his untimely death, these accounts all fail to capture the full person. Beckoned by this gap in our historical knowledge, Fredrik Logevall has spent much of the last decade searching for the “real” JFK. The result of this prodigious effort is a sweeping two-volume biography that properly contextualizes Kennedy amidst the roiling American Century. This volume spans the first thirty-nine years of JFK’s life—from birth through his decision to run for president—to reveal his early relationships, his formative experiences during World War II, his ideas, his writings, his political aspirations. In examining these pre–White House years, Logevall shows us a more serious, independently minded Kennedy than we’ve previously known, whose distinct international sensibility would prepare him to enter national politics at a critical moment in modern U.S. history. Along the way, Logevall tells the parallel story of America’s midcentury rise. As Kennedy comes of age, we see the charged debate between isolationists and interventionists in the years before Pearl Harbor; the tumult of the Second World War, through which the United States emerged as a global colossus; the outbreak and spread of the Cold War; the domestic politics of anti-Communism and the attendant scourge of McCarthyism; the growth of television’s influence on politics; and more. JFK: Coming of Age in the American Century, 1917–1956 is a sweeping history of the United States in the middle decades of the twentieth century, as well as the clearest portrait we have of this enigmatic American icon. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: U.S. Foreign Aid and the Alliance for Progress , 1968 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Death of a President William Manchester, 2013-10-08 William Manchester's epic and definitive account of President John F. Kennedy's assassination. As the world still reeled from the tragic and historic events of November 22, 1963, William Manchester set out, at the request of the Kennedy family, to create a detailed, authoritative record of the days immediately preceding and following President John F. Kennedy's death. Through hundreds of interviews, abundant travel and firsthand observation, and with unique access to the proceedings of the Warren Commission, Manchester conducted an exhaustive historical investigation, accumulating forty-five volumes of documents, exhibits, and transcribed tapes. His ultimate objective -- to set down as a whole the national and personal tragedy that was JFK's assassination -- is brilliantly achieved in this galvanizing narrative, a book universally acclaimed as a landmark work of modern history. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Alliance for Progress: Symbol and Substance Robert F. Kennedy, 1966 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Survey of the Alliance for Progress: Colombia, a Case History of U.S. Aid United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, 1968 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: End of History and the Last Man Francis Fukuyama, 2006-03-01 Ever since its first publication in 1992, the New York Times bestselling The End of History and the Last Man has provoked controversy and debate. Profoundly realistic and important...supremely timely and cogent...the first book to fully fathom the depth and range of the changes now sweeping through the world. —The Washington Post Book World Francis Fukuyama's prescient analysis of religious fundamentalism, politics, scientific progress, ethical codes, and war is as essential for a world fighting fundamentalist terrorists as it was for the end of the Cold War. Now updated with a new afterword, The End of History and the Last Man is a modern classic. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Let the Word Go Forth John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 1991-10-05 Collected in one illuminating volume, the writings and speeches of John F. Kennedy reveal the man and president who inspired a generation. Here are the words that propelled a nation and moved the world, offering an important portrayal of the 35th president's entire career. Photographs throughout. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: U.S. Aid Operations in Latin America Under the Alliance for Progress United States. Congress. House. Government Operations, 1969 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Super PACs Louise I. Gerdes, 2014-05-20 The passage of Citizens United by the Supreme Court in 2010 sparked a renewed debate about campaign spending by large political action committees, or Super PACs. Its ruling said that it is okay for corporations and labor unions to spend as much as they want in advertising and other methods to convince people to vote for or against a candidate. This book provides a wide range of opinions on the issue. Includes primary and secondary sources from a variety of perspectives; eyewitnesses, scientific journals, government officials, and many others. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Stakeholder Capitalism Klaus Schwab, 2021-01-27 Reimagining our global economy so it becomes more sustainable and prosperous for all Our global economic system is broken. But we can replace the current picture of global upheaval, unsustainability, and uncertainty with one of an economy that works for all people, and the planet. First, we must eliminate rising income inequality within societies where productivity and wage growth has slowed. Second, we must reduce the dampening effect of monopoly market power wielded by large corporations on innovation and productivity gains. And finally, the short-sighted exploitation of natural resources that is corroding the environment and affecting the lives of many for the worse must end. The debate over the causes of the broken economy—laissez-faire government, poorly managed globalization, the rise of technology in favor of the few, or yet another reason—is wide open. Stakeholder Capitalism: A Global Economy that Works for Progress, People and Planet argues convincingly that if we don't start with recognizing the true shape of our problems, our current system will continue to fail us. To help us see our challenges more clearly, Schwab—the Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum—looks for the real causes of our system's shortcomings, and for solutions in best practices from around the world in places as diverse as China, Denmark, Ethiopia, Germany, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Singapore. And in doing so, Schwab finds emerging examples of new ways of doing things that provide grounds for hope, including: Individual agency: how countries and policies can make a difference against large external forces A clearly defined social contract: agreement on shared values and goals allows government, business, and individuals to produce the most optimal outcomes Planning for future generations: short-sighted presentism harms our shared future, and that of those yet to be born Better measures of economic success: move beyond a myopic focus on GDP to more complete, human-scaled measures of societal flourishing By accurately describing our real situation, Stakeholder Capitalism is able to pinpoint achievable ways to deal with our problems. Chapter by chapter, Professor Schwab shows us that there are ways for everyone at all levels of society to reshape the broken pieces of the global economy and—country by country, company by company, and citizen by citizen—glue them back together in a way that benefits us all. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: One Nation Under God Kevin M. Kruse, 2015-04-14 The provocative and authoritative history of the origins of Christian America in the New Deal era We're often told that the United States is, was, and always has been a Christian nation. But in One Nation Under God, historian Kevin M. Kruse reveals that the belief that America is fundamentally and formally Christian originated in the 1930s. To fight the slavery of FDR's New Deal, businessmen enlisted religious activists in a campaign for freedom under God that culminated in the election of their ally Dwight Eisenhower in 1952. The new president revolutionized the role of religion in American politics. He inaugurated new traditions like the National Prayer Breakfast, as Congress added the phrase under God to the Pledge of Allegiance and made In God We Trust the country's first official motto. Church membership soon soared to an all-time high of 69 percent. Americans across the religious and political spectrum agreed that their country was one nation under God. Provocative and authoritative, One Nation Under God reveals how an unholy alliance of money, religion, and politics created a false origin story that continues to define and divide American politics to this day. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: On War Carl von Clausewitz, 1908 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: U.S. AID Operations in Latin America Under the Alliance for Progress United States. Congress. House. Committee on Government Operations. Foreign Operations and Government Information Subcommittee, 1969 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Significance of the Frontier in American History Frederick Jackson Turner, 2014-02-13 2014 Reprint of 1894 Edition. Full facsimile of the original edition. The Frontier Thesis or Turner Thesis, is the argument advanced by historian Frederick Jackson Turner in 1894 that American democracy was formed by the American Frontier. He stressed the process-the moving frontier line-and the impact it had on pioneers going through the process. He also stressed consequences of a ostensibly limitless frontier and that American democracy and egalitarianism were the principle results. In Turner's thesis the American frontier established liberty by releasing Americans from European mindsets and eroding old, dysfunctional customs. The frontier had no need for standing armies, established churches, aristocrats or nobles, nor for landed gentry who controlled most of the land and charged heavy rents. Frontier land was free for the taking. Turner first announced his thesis in a paper entitled The Significance of the Frontier in American History, delivered to the American Historical Association in 1893 in Chicago. He won very wide acclaim among historians and intellectuals. Turner's emphasis on the importance of the frontier in shaping American character influenced the interpretation found in thousands of scholarly histories. By the time Turner died in 1932, 60% of the leading history departments in the U.S. were teaching courses in frontier history along Turnerian lines. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Most Dangerous Area in the World Stephen G. Rabe, 2014-06-30 In March 1961, President John F. Kennedy announced the formation of the Alliance for Progress, a program dedicated to creating prosperous, socially just, democratic societies throughout Latin America. Over the next few years, the United States spent nearly $20 billion in pursuit of the Alliance's goals, but Latin American economies barely grew, Latin American societies remained inequitable, and sixteen extraconstitutional changes of government rocked the region. In this close, critical analysis, Stephen Rabe explains why Kennedy's grand plan for Latin America proved such a signal policy failure. Drawing on recently declassified materials, Rabe investigates the nature of Kennedy's intense anti-Communist crusade and explores the convictions that drove him to fight the Cold War throughout the Caribbean and Latin America--a region he repeatedly referred to as the most dangerous area in the world. As Rabe acknowledges, Kennedy remains popular in the United States and Latin America, in part for the noble purposes behind the Alliance for Progress. But an unwavering determination to wage Cold War led Kennedy to compromise, even mutilate, those grand goals. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Alliance for Progress Teodoro Moscoso, 1962 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Encyclopaedia Britannica Hugh Chisholm, 1910 This eleventh edition was developed during the encyclopaedia's transition from a British to an American publication. Some of its articles were written by the best-known scholars of the time and it is considered to be a landmark encyclopaedia for scholarship and literary style. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Food for Peace Program United States. Food for Peace Committee, 1961 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: History of the Unified Command Plan Edward J. Drea, 2013 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Why England Slept John F. Kennedy, 2016-04-04 Originally published in 1940, Why England Slept was written by then-Harvard student and future American president John F. Kennedy. It was Kennedy's senior thesis that analyzed the tremendous miscalculations of the British leaders in facing Germany on the advent of World War II, and in doing so, also addressed the challenges that democracies face when confronted directly with fascist states. In Why England Slept, at the book's core, John F. Kennedy asks: Why was England so poorly prepared for the war? He provides a comprehensive analysis of the tremendous miscalculations of the British leadership when it came to dealing with Germany and leads readers into considering other questions: Was the poor state of the British army the reason Chamberlain capitulated at Munich, or were there other, less-obvious elements at work that allowed this to happen? Kennedy also looks at similarities to America's position of unpreparedness and makes astute observations about the implications involved. This re-publication of the classic book contains excerpts from the foreword to the 1940 original edition by Henry R. Luce, an American magazine magnate during that era; the foreword to the 1961 edition, also written by Luce; and a new foreword by Stephen C. Schlesinger, written in 2015. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The BRICS and the Future of Global Order Oliver Stuenkel, 2020-02-03 The transformation of the BRIC acronym from an investment term into a household name of international politics and into a semi-institutionalized political outfit (called BRICS, with a capital ‘S’), is one of the defining developments in international politics in the past decades. While the concept is now commonly used in the general public debate and international media, there has not yet been a comprehensive and scholarly analysis of the history of the BRICS term. The BRICS and the Future of Global Order, Second Edition offers a definitive reference history of the BRICS as a term and as an institution—a chronological narrative and analytical account of the BRICS concept from its inception in 2001 to the political grouping it is today. In addition, it analyzes what the rise of powers like Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa means for the future of global order. Will the BRICS countries seek to establish a parallel system with its own distinctive set of rules, institutions, and currencies of power, rejecting key tenets of liberal internationalism, are will they seek to embrace the rules and norms that define today’s Western-led order? |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Alexander Hamilton's Famous Report on Manufactures United States. Department of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, 1892 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Global Trends National Intelligence Council and Office, 2017-02-17 This edition of Global Trends revolves around a core argument about how the changing nature of power is increasing stress both within countries and between countries, and bearing on vexing transnational issues. The main section lays out the key trends, explores their implications, and offers up three scenarios to help readers imagine how different choices and developments could play out in very different ways over the next several decades. Two annexes lay out more detail. The first lays out five-year forecasts for each region of the world. The second provides more context on the key global trends in train. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Survey of the Alliance for Progress; Labor Policies and Programs Robert H. Dockery, 1968 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community, 2009-07-29 Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Policy and Global Affairs, Board on Higher Education and Workforce, Committee on Effective Mentoring in STEMM, 2020-01-24 Mentorship is a catalyst capable of unleashing one's potential for discovery, curiosity, and participation in STEMM and subsequently improving the training environment in which that STEMM potential is fostered. Mentoring relationships provide developmental spaces in which students' STEMM skills are honed and pathways into STEMM fields can be discovered. Because mentorship can be so influential in shaping the future STEMM workforce, its occurrence should not be left to chance or idiosyncratic implementation. There is a gap between what we know about effective mentoring and how it is practiced in higher education. The Science of Effective Mentorship in STEMM studies mentoring programs and practices at the undergraduate and graduate levels. It explores the importance of mentorship, the science of mentoring relationships, mentorship of underrepresented students in STEMM, mentorship structures and behaviors, and institutional cultures that support mentorship. This report and its complementary interactive guide present insights on effective programs and practices that can be adopted and adapted by institutions, departments, and individual faculty members. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Alliance for Progress , 1962 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Global Cold War Odd Arne Westad, 2005-10-24 The Cold War shaped the world we live in today - its politics, economics, and military affairs. This book shows how the globalization of the Cold War during the last century created the foundations for most of the key conflicts we see today, including the War on Terror. It focuses on how the Third World policies of the two twentieth-century superpowers - the United States and the Soviet Union - gave rise to resentments and resistance that in the end helped topple one superpower and still seriously challenge the other. Ranging from China to Indonesia, Iran, Ethiopia, Angola, Cuba, and Nicaragua, it provides a truly global perspective on the Cold War. And by exploring both the development of interventionist ideologies and the revolutionary movements that confronted interventions, the book links the past with the present in ways that no other major work on the Cold War era has succeeded in doing. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Higher Education Opportunity Act United States, 2008 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Global Trends 2040 National Intelligence Council, 2021-03 The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come. -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: U.S. Intervention in British Guiana Stephen G. Rabe, 2006-05-26 In the first published account of the massive U.S. covert intervention in British Guiana between 1953 and 1969, Stephen G. Rabe uncovers a Cold War story of imperialism, gender bias, and racism. When the South American colony now known as Guyana was due to gain independence from Britain in the 1960s, U.S. officials in the Kennedy and Johnson administrations feared it would become a communist nation under the leadership of Cheddi Jagan, a Marxist who was very popular among the South Asian (mostly Indian) majority. Although to this day the CIA refuses to confirm or deny involvement, Rabe presents evidence that CIA funding, through a program run by the AFL-CIO, helped foment the labor unrest, race riots, and general chaos that led to Jagan's replacement in 1964. The political leader preferred by the United States, Forbes Burnham, went on to lead a twenty-year dictatorship in which he persecuted the majority Indian population. Considering race, gender, religion, and ethnicity along with traditional approaches to diplomatic history, Rabe's analysis of this Cold War tragedy serves as a needed corrective to interpretations that depict the Cold War as an unsullied U.S. triumph. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Common Sense Thomas Paine, 1918 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Survey of the Alliance for Progress Edwin Lieuwen, 1967 |
| alliance for progress us history definition: American Government 3e Glen Krutz, Sylvie Waskiewicz, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. American Government 3e aligns with the topics and objectives of many government courses. Faculty involved in the project have endeavored to make government workings, issues, debates, and impacts meaningful and memorable to students while maintaining the conceptual coverage and rigor inherent in the subject. With this objective in mind, the content of this textbook has been developed and arranged to provide a logical progression from the fundamental principles of institutional design at the founding, to avenues of political participation, to thorough coverage of the political structures that constitute American government. The book builds upon what students have already learned and emphasizes connections between topics as well as between theory and applications. The goal of each section is to enable students not just to recognize concepts, but to work with them in ways that will be useful in later courses, future careers, and as engaged citizens. In order to help students understand the ways that government, society, and individuals interconnect, the revision includes more examples and details regarding the lived experiences of diverse groups and communities within the United States. The authors and reviewers sought to strike a balance between confronting the negative and harmful elements of American government, history, and current events, while demonstrating progress in overcoming them. In doing so, the approach seeks to provide instructors with ample opportunities to open discussions, extend and update concepts, and drive deeper engagement. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: FDR's Good Neighbor Policy Fredrick B. Pike, 1995-01-01 In this thoughtful, thoroughly researched, balanced, and unorthodox analysis, Pike decides US noninterventionist orientation was based on Rooseveltian realism eschewing pressures on Latin Americans to accept US values (he assumed they would eventually co |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Soviet Relations with Latin America, 1959-1987 Nicola Miller, 1989-09-14 This book was first published in 1989. The Soviet presence and purposes in Latin America are a matter of great controversy, yet no serious study was hitherto combined with a regional perspective (concentrating on the nature and regional impact of Soviet activity on the ground) and diplomatic analysis, examining the strategic and ideological factors that influence Soviet foreign policy. Nicola Miller's lucid and accessible survey of Soviet-Latin American relations over the past quarter-century demonstrates clearly that existing, heavily 'geo-political' accounts distort the real nature of Soviet activity in the area, closely constrained by local political, social and geographical factors. In a broadly chronological series of case-studies Dr Miller argues that, American counter-influence apart, enormous physical and communicational barriers obstruct Soviet-Latin American relations and that the lack of economic complementarity imposes a natural obstacle to trading growth: even Cuba, often cited as 'proof' of Soviet designs upon the area, is only an apparent exception. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: America's Backyard Grace Livingstone, 2013-04-04 The United States has shaped Latin American history, condemning it to poverty and inequality by intervening to protect the rich and powerful. America’s Backyard tells the story of that intervention. Using newly declassified documents, Grace Livingstone reveals the US role in the darkest periods of Latin American history, including Pinochet’s coup in Chile, the Contra War in Nicaragua and the death squads in El Salvador. She shows how George W Bush’s administration used the War on Terror as a new pretext for intervention; how it tried to destabilise leftwing governments and push back the ‘pink tide’ washing across the Americas. America’s Backyard also includes chapters on drugs, economy and culture. It explains why US drug policy has caused widespread environmental damage yet failed to reduce the supply of cocaine, and it looks at the US economic stake in Latin America and the strategies of the big corporations. Today Latin Americans are demanding respect and an end to the Washington Consensus. Will the White House listen? |
| alliance for progress us history definition: The Black Panther Party (reconsidered) Charles Earl Jones, 1998 This new collection of essays, contributed by scholars and former Panthers, is a ground-breaking work that offers thought-provoking and pertinent observations about the many facets of the Party. By placing the perspectives of participants and scholars side by side, Dr. Jones presents an insider view and initiates a vital dialogue that is absent from most historical studies. |
| alliance for progress us history definition: Measures for Progress Rexmond Canning Cochrane, 1966 |
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We'll collaborate to support how you work with flexible service models and empower your team with unique, proven ASO expertise. We help all types of organizations across the country …
ALLIANCE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ALLIANCE is the state of being allied : the action of allying. How to use alliance in a sentence.
Home - The River Alliance
Representing the five local governments of Columbia, West Columbia, Cayce, Lexington and Richland County, The River Alliance’s mission is to connect people to the rivers, making them …
I77 Alliance
The South Carolina I-77 Alliance corridor offers a workforce of more than 1.9 million people, a mix of ready greenfield sites and industrial property, and easy access to major ports and cities in …
SC Cancer Alliance
We bring prevention practices and life-enhancing resources to everyone in South Carolina to alleviate the burden of cancer. A plan with measureable results. The South Carolina Cancer …
French Alliance / Alliance Française de Columbia SC
Alliance Française of Columbia South Carolina. Club for those interested in French and Francophone events and activities.
Alliance Consulting Engineers, Inc.
Aug 28, 2024 · Alliance Consulting Engineers, Inc. helps our clients and communities with everything from water and wastewater lines from several hundred feet to elevated water tank …
Alliance SC
Working together to improve the health of ALL South Carolinians. Subscribe to our newsletter! Sing up to receive news and updates. Sign up!
SC Alliance of Health Plans - Home
Jan 21, 2025 · The South Carolina Alliance of Health Plans is the unified voice of managed care in South Carolina. SCAHP is a broad coalition of health plans, leading pharmaceutical …
Home | Central South Carolina
Located in the heart of South Carolina, prime logistics and worker access make the Region an ideal destination for new or expanding operations. We’re a public and private alliance on a …
National Alliance
We'll collaborate to support how you work with flexible service models and empower your team with unique, proven ASO expertise. We help all types of organizations across the country …
ALLIANCE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ALLIANCE is the state of being allied : the action of allying. How to use alliance in a sentence.
Home - The River Alliance
Representing the five local governments of Columbia, West Columbia, Cayce, Lexington and Richland County, The River Alliance’s mission is to connect people to the rivers, making them …
I77 Alliance
The South Carolina I-77 Alliance corridor offers a workforce of more than 1.9 million people, a mix of ready greenfield sites and industrial property, and easy access to major ports and cities in …
SC Cancer Alliance
We bring prevention practices and life-enhancing resources to everyone in South Carolina to alleviate the burden of cancer. A plan with measureable results. The South Carolina Cancer …
French Alliance / Alliance Française de Columbia SC
Alliance Française of Columbia South Carolina. Club for those interested in French and Francophone events and activities.
