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Algorithms and Data Structures for Interview Preparation: Your Ticket to Tech Success
By Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD in Computer Science, Senior Software Engineer at Google
Published by TechReviewPro, a leading provider of technology and career advice since 2005.
Edited by Ben Carter, experienced technical editor with over 10 years of experience in the tech industry, specializing in software engineering and data science.
Introduction:
Landing your dream tech job often hinges on acing the technical interview. While your experience and projects matter, a solid understanding of algorithms and data structures for interview preparation is paramount. This isn't just about memorizing solutions; it's about demonstrating your problem-solving skills and your ability to apply theoretical concepts to practical scenarios. This article will delve into the crucial role of algorithms and data structures in the interview process, exploring their implications for the tech industry and providing you with the knowledge you need to succeed.
H1: Why Algorithms and Data Structures Matter in Tech Interviews
Tech companies, especially those at the forefront of innovation, prioritize candidates who possess a strong foundation in algorithms and data structures. Why? Because these fundamentals underpin the efficiency and scalability of software systems. Interviewers use algorithmic problems to assess your:
Problem-solving abilities: Can you break down complex problems into smaller, manageable parts?
Coding skills: Can you translate your solution into clean, efficient, and well-documented code?
Analytical thinking: Can you analyze the time and space complexity of your algorithms?
Data structure proficiency: Do you understand which data structure is best suited for a particular problem?
H2: Essential Data Structures for Interview Preparation
Mastering several key data structures is crucial for success. These include:
Arrays: Simple, contiguous memory locations – excellent for fast access but limited in flexibility.
Linked Lists: Flexible, dynamic structures ideal for frequent insertions and deletions. Variations include singly, doubly, and circular linked lists.
Stacks and Queues: Follow LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) and FIFO (First-In, First-Out) principles, respectively. Essential for managing function calls and processing tasks.
Trees: Hierarchical structures with various implementations like binary trees, binary search trees, AVL trees, and heaps, each optimized for specific operations.
Graphs: Represent relationships between data points, used in social networks, mapping, and many other applications. Algorithms like Dijkstra's and Breadth-First Search are commonly tested.
Hash Tables: Provide efficient key-value storage, offering O(1) average-case time complexity for insertions, deletions, and lookups.
H2: Key Algorithms for Interview Preparation
Understanding core algorithms is just as important as knowing data structures. These algorithms form the foundation of many applications and are frequently tested in interviews:
Searching algorithms: Linear search, binary search.
Sorting algorithms: Bubble sort, insertion sort, merge sort, quick sort, heap sort. Understanding their time and space complexities is key.
Graph algorithms: Breadth-first search (BFS), depth-first search (DFS), Dijkstra's algorithm, shortest path algorithms.
Dynamic programming: Breaking down a problem into smaller overlapping subproblems to avoid redundant computations.
Greedy algorithms: Making locally optimal choices at each step to find a global optimum (often, but not always, effective).
H2: Algorithms and Data Structures for Interview Preparation: Practical Tips
Practice consistently: Regular practice is key. Work through problems on platforms like LeetCode, HackerRank, and Codewars.
Understand time and space complexity: Analyze the efficiency of your solutions. Big O notation is essential.
Focus on understanding, not memorization: Try to grasp the underlying principles rather than just memorizing code snippets.
Learn to debug effectively: Be prepared to identify and fix errors in your code.
Communicate your thought process: Explain your approach to the interviewer clearly and concisely.
H2: The Industry Implications of Strong Algorithm and Data Structure Skills
Proficiency in algorithms and data structures is not just a requirement for interviews; it's a cornerstone of successful software development. These skills are directly applicable to:
Developing efficient and scalable applications: Choosing the right algorithms and data structures can drastically improve performance.
Optimizing existing code: Identifying bottlenecks and improving efficiency through algorithmic improvements.
Designing robust and maintainable systems: Well-structured code based on sound algorithmic principles is easier to maintain and extend.
Solving complex problems: The ability to apply algorithmic thinking is crucial for tackling challenging technical challenges.
Conclusion:
Mastering algorithms and data structures for interview preparation is an investment in your future career. It equips you not only to ace technical interviews but also to become a more effective and sought-after software engineer. By focusing on understanding the underlying principles, practicing consistently, and communicating your thought process effectively, you can confidently navigate the technical interview process and embark on a successful career in the tech industry.
FAQs:
1. What are the most important data structures to learn? Arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees (binary trees, BSTs), graphs, and hash tables are crucial.
2. How can I improve my problem-solving skills? Practice regularly on platforms like LeetCode and HackerRank, focus on understanding the underlying logic, and break down complex problems into smaller parts.
3. What is Big O notation, and why is it important? Big O notation describes the upper bound of an algorithm's time or space complexity, indicating its efficiency as input size grows.
4. Which algorithms should I prioritize? Searching (linear, binary), sorting (merge sort, quick sort), graph traversal (BFS, DFS), and dynamic programming are essential.
5. How can I prepare for system design questions? Familiarize yourself with common system design patterns, practice designing systems, and study relevant technologies.
6. How important is coding style in interviews? Clean, well-documented, and readable code is crucial. It demonstrates your professionalism and attention to detail.
7. What if I get stuck during an interview? Don't panic! Explain your thought process, ask clarifying questions, and try to approach the problem from a different angle.
8. Are there any resources besides LeetCode and HackerRank? Yes, many other resources are available, such as Codewars, GeeksforGeeks, and online courses.
9. How long does it typically take to prepare effectively? Consistent effort over several months is generally recommended, depending on your prior experience.
Related Articles:
1. Cracking the Coding Interview: 189 Programming Questions and Solutions: A comprehensive guide to interview preparation, covering various algorithms and data structures.
2. Introduction to Algorithms (CLRS): The definitive textbook on algorithms, covering a vast range of topics in detail.
3. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++: A detailed exploration of data structures and their implementations in C++.
4. Algorithm Design Manual: Focuses on practical algorithm design techniques and their application to real-world problems.
5. Grokking the Coding Interview: Patterns for Coding Questions: Explores common patterns and strategies for solving interview coding problems.
6. Mastering Algorithms with Python: Provides a practical approach to algorithms and data structures using Python.
7. Algorithms and Data Structures in Java: A comprehensive guide to algorithms and data structures implemented in Java.
8. Effective Algorithms and Data Structures in C#: Focuses on efficient data structure implementation and algorithm design in C#.
9. Top 10 Algorithms for Coding Interviews: A focused guide on the most frequently asked algorithms in technical interviews.
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Cracking the Coding Interview Gayle Laakmann McDowell, 2011 Now in the 5th edition, Cracking the Coding Interview gives you the interview preparation you need to get the top software developer jobs. This book provides: 150 Programming Interview Questions and Solutions: From binary trees to binary search, this list of 150 questions includes the most common and most useful questions in data structures, algorithms, and knowledge based questions. 5 Algorithm Approaches: Stop being blind-sided by tough algorithm questions, and learn these five approaches to tackle the trickiest problems. Behind the Scenes of the interview processes at Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Facebook, Yahoo, and Apple: Learn what really goes on during your interview day and how decisions get made. Ten Mistakes Candidates Make -- And How to Avoid Them: Don't lose your dream job by making these common mistakes. Learn what many candidates do wrong, and how to avoid these issues. Steps to Prepare for Behavioral and Technical Questions: Stop meandering through an endless set of questions, while missing some of the most important preparation techniques. Follow these steps to more thoroughly prepare in less time. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures & Algorithms Interview Questions You'll Most Likely Be Asked Vibrant Publishers, 2016-12-14 Features: 200 Data Structures & Algorithms Interview Questions; 77 HR Interview Questions; Real-life scenario based questions; Strategies to respond to interview questions; 2 Aptitude Tests. The book is a perfect companion to stand ahead above the rest in todays competitive job market. Rather than going through comprehensive, textbook-sized reference guides, this book includes only the information required immediately for job search to build an IT career. This book puts the interviewee in the driver's seat and helps them steer their way to impress the interviewer. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Mastering Algorithms with C Kyle Loudon, 1999 Implementations, as well as interesting, real-world examples of each data structure and algorithm, are shown in the text. Full source code appears on the accompanying disk. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Problem Solving in Data Structures and Algorithms Using Java Hemant Jain, 2016-10-21 This book is about the usage of Data Structures and Algorithms in computer programming. Designing an efficient algorithm to solve a computer science problem is a skill of Computer programmer. This is the skill which tech companies like Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Adobe and many others are looking for in an interview. This book assumes that you are a JAVA language developer. You are not an expert in JAVA language, but you are well familiar with concepts of references, functions, lists and recursion. In the start of this book, we will be revising the JAVA language fundamentals. We will be looking into some of the problems in arrays and recursion too. Then in the coming chapter, we will be looking into complexity analysis. Then will look into the various data structures and their algorithms. We will be looking into a Linked List, Stack, Queue, Trees, Heap, Hash Table and Graphs. We will be looking into Sorting & Searching techniques. Then we will be looking into algorithm analysis, we will be looking into Brute Force algorithms, Greedy algorithms, Divide & Conquer algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Reduction, and Backtracking. In the end, we will be looking into System Design, which will give a systematic approach for solving the design problems in an Interview. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Think Data Structures Allen B. Downey, 2017-07-07 If you’re a student studying computer science or a software developer preparing for technical interviews, this practical book will help you learn and review some of the most important ideas in software engineering—data structures and algorithms—in a way that’s clearer, more concise, and more engaging than other materials. By emphasizing practical knowledge and skills over theory, author Allen Downey shows you how to use data structures to implement efficient algorithms, and then analyze and measure their performance. You’ll explore the important classes in the Java collections framework (JCF), how they’re implemented, and how they’re expected to perform. Each chapter presents hands-on exercises supported by test code online. Use data structures such as lists and maps, and understand how they work Build an application that reads Wikipedia pages, parses the contents, and navigates the resulting data tree Analyze code to predict how fast it will run and how much memory it will require Write classes that implement the Map interface, using a hash table and binary search tree Build a simple web search engine with a crawler, an indexer that stores web page contents, and a retriever that returns user query results Other books by Allen Downey include Think Java, Think Python, Think Stats, and Think Bayes. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Coding Interviews Harry He, 2013-01-31 This book is about coding interview questions from software and Internet companies. It covers five key factors which determine performance of candidates: (1) the basics of programming languages, data structures and algorithms, (2) approaches to writing code with high quality, (3) tips to solve difficult problems, (4) methods to optimize code, (5) soft skills required in interviews. The basics of languages, algorithms and data structures are discussed as well as questions that explore how to write robust solutions after breaking down problems into manageable pieces. It also includes examples to focus on modeling and creative problem solving. Interview questions from the most popular companies in the IT industry are taken as examples to illustrate the five factors above. Besides solutions, it contains detailed analysis, how interviewers evaluate solutions, as well as why they like or dislike them. The author makes clever use of the fact that interviewees will have limited time to program meaningful solutions which in turn, limits the options an interviewer has. So the author covers those bases. Readers will improve their interview performance after reading this book. It will be beneficial for them even after they get offers, because its topics, such as approaches to analyzing difficult problems, writing robust code and optimizing, are all essential for high-performing coders. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Coding Interview Questions Narasimha Karumanchi, 2012-05 Coding Interview Questions is a book that presents interview questions in simple and straightforward manner with a clear-cut explanation. This book will provide an introduction to the basics. It comes handy as an interview and exam guide for computer scientists. Programming puzzles for interviews Campus Preparation Degree/Masters Course Preparation Big job hunters: Apple, Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Flip Kart, Adobe, IBM Labs, Citrix, Mentor Graphics, NetApp, Oracle, Webaroo, De-Shaw, Success Factors, Face book, McAfee and many more Reference Manual for working people Topics Covered: Programming BasicsIntroductionRecursion and BacktrackingLinked Lists Stacks Queues Trees Priority Queue and HeapsGraph AlgorithmsSortingSearching Selection Algorithms [Medians] Symbol TablesHashing String Algorithms Algorithms Design Techniques Greedy Algorithms Divide and Conquer Algorithms Dynamic Programming Complexity Classes Design Interview Questions Operating System Concepts Computer Networking Basics Database Concepts Brain Teasers NonTechnical Help Miscellaneous Concepts Note: If you already have Data Structures and Algorithms Made Easy no need to buy this. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Problem Solving with Algorithms and Data Structures Using Python Bradley N. Miller, David L. Ranum, 2011 Thes book has three key features : fundamental data structures and algorithms; algorithm analysis in terms of Big-O running time in introducied early and applied throught; pytohn is used to facilitates the success in using and mastering data strucutes and algorithms. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Elements of Programming Interviews Adnan Aziz, Tsung-Hsien Lee, Amit Prakash, 2012 The core of EPI is a collection of over 300 problems with detailed solutions, including 100 figures, 250 tested programs, and 150 variants. The problems are representative of questions asked at the leading software companies. The book begins with a summary of the nontechnical aspects of interviewing, such as common mistakes, strategies for a great interview, perspectives from the other side of the table, tips on negotiating the best offer, and a guide to the best ways to use EPI. The technical core of EPI is a sequence of chapters on basic and advanced data structures, searching, sorting, broad algorithmic principles, concurrency, and system design. Each chapter consists of a brief review, followed by a broad and thought-provoking series of problems. We include a summary of data structure, algorithm, and problem solving patterns. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures and Algorithms in Java Michael T. Goodrich, Roberto Tamassia, Michael H. Goldwasser, 2014-01-28 The design and analysis of efficient data structures has long been recognized as a key component of the Computer Science curriculum. Goodrich, Tomassia and Goldwasser's approach to this classic topic is based on the object-oriented paradigm as the framework of choice for the design of data structures. For each ADT presented in the text, the authors provide an associated Java interface. Concrete data structures realizing the ADTs are provided as Java classes implementing the interfaces. The Java code implementing fundamental data structures in this book is organized in a single Java package, net.datastructures. This package forms a coherent library of data structures and algorithms in Java specifically designed for educational purposes in a way that is complimentary with the Java Collections Framework. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: How to Think About Algorithms Jeff Edmonds, 2008-05-19 This textbook, for second- or third-year students of computer science, presents insights, notations, and analogies to help them describe and think about algorithms like an expert, without grinding through lots of formal proof. Solutions to many problems are provided to let students check their progress, while class-tested PowerPoint slides are on the web for anyone running the course. By looking at both the big picture and easy step-by-step methods for developing algorithms, the author guides students around the common pitfalls. He stresses paradigms such as loop invariants and recursion to unify a huge range of algorithms into a few meta-algorithms. The book fosters a deeper understanding of how and why each algorithm works. These insights are presented in a careful and clear way, helping students to think abstractly and preparing them for creating their own innovative ways to solve problems. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Programming Interviews Exposed John Mongan, Noah Suojanen Kindler, Eric Giguère, 2011-08-10 The pressure is on during the interview process but with the right preparation, you can walk away with your dream job. This classic book uncovers what interviews are really like at America's top software and computer companies and provides you with the tools to succeed in any situation. The authors take you step-by-step through new problems and complex brainteasers they were asked during recent technical interviews. 50 interview scenarios are presented along with in-depth analysis of the possible solutions. The problem-solving process is clearly illustrated so you'll be able to easily apply what you've learned during crunch time. You'll also find expert tips on what questions to ask, how to approach a problem, and how to recover if you become stuck. All of this will help you ace the interview and get the job you want. What you will learn from this book Tips for effectively completing the job application Ways to prepare for the entire programming interview process How to find the kind of programming job that fits you best Strategies for choosing a solution and what your approach says about you How to improve your interviewing skills so that you can respond to any question or situation Techniques for solving knowledge-based problems, logic puzzles, and programming problems Who this book is for This book is for programmers and developers applying for jobs in the software industry or in IT departments of major corporations. Wrox Beginning guides are crafted to make learning programming languages and technologies easier than you think, providing a structured, tutorial format that will guide you through all the techniques involved. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Algorithms Unlocked Thomas H. Cormen, 2013-03-01 For anyone who has ever wondered how computers solve problems, an engagingly written guide for nonexperts to the basics of computer algorithms. Have you ever wondered how your GPS can find the fastest way to your destination, selecting one route from seemingly countless possibilities in mere seconds? How your credit card account number is protected when you make a purchase over the Internet? The answer is algorithms. And how do these mathematical formulations translate themselves into your GPS, your laptop, or your smart phone? This book offers an engagingly written guide to the basics of computer algorithms. In Algorithms Unlocked, Thomas Cormen—coauthor of the leading college textbook on the subject—provides a general explanation, with limited mathematics, of how algorithms enable computers to solve problems. Readers will learn what computer algorithms are, how to describe them, and how to evaluate them. They will discover simple ways to search for information in a computer; methods for rearranging information in a computer into a prescribed order (“sorting”); how to solve basic problems that can be modeled in a computer with a mathematical structure called a “graph” (useful for modeling road networks, dependencies among tasks, and financial relationships); how to solve problems that ask questions about strings of characters such as DNA structures; the basic principles behind cryptography; fundamentals of data compression; and even that there are some problems that no one has figured out how to solve on a computer in a reasonable amount of time. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: A Common-Sense Guide to Data Structures and Algorithms, Second Edition Jay Wengrow, 2020-08-10 Algorithms and data structures are much more than abstract concepts. Mastering them enables you to write code that runs faster and more efficiently, which is particularly important for today’s web and mobile apps. Take a practical approach to data structures and algorithms, with techniques and real-world scenarios that you can use in your daily production code, with examples in JavaScript, Python, and Ruby. This new and revised second edition features new chapters on recursion, dynamic programming, and using Big O in your daily work. Use Big O notation to measure and articulate the efficiency of your code, and modify your algorithm to make it faster. Find out how your choice of arrays, linked lists, and hash tables can dramatically affect the code you write. Use recursion to solve tricky problems and create algorithms that run exponentially faster than the alternatives. Dig into advanced data structures such as binary trees and graphs to help scale specialized applications such as social networks and mapping software. You’ll even encounter a single keyword that can give your code a turbo boost. Practice your new skills with exercises in every chapter, along with detailed solutions. Use these techniques today to make your code faster and more scalable. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures and Algorithms in Python Michael T. Goodrich, Roberto Tamassia, Michael H. Goldwasser, 2013-06-17 Based on the authors' market leading data structures books in Java and C++, this book offers a comprehensive, definitive introduction to data structures in Python by authoritative authors. Data Structures and Algorithms in Python is the first authoritative object-oriented book available for Python data structures. Designed to provide a comprehensive introduction to data structures and algorithms, including their design, analysis, and implementation, the text will maintain the same general structure as Data Structures and Algorithms in Java and Data Structures and Algorithms in C++. Begins by discussing Python's conceptually simple syntax, which allows for a greater focus on concepts. Employs a consistent object-oriented viewpoint throughout the text. Presents each data structure using ADTs and their respective implementations and introduces important design patterns as a means to organize those implementations into classes, methods, and objects. Provides a thorough discussion on the analysis and design of fundamental data structures. Includes many helpful Python code examples, with source code provided on the website. Uses illustrations to present data structures and algorithms, as well as their analysis, in a clear, visual manner. Provides hundreds of exercises that promote creativity, help readers learn how to think like programmers, and reinforce important concepts. Contains many Python-code and pseudo-code fragments, and hundreds of exercises, which are divided into roughly 40% reinforcement exercises, 40% creativity exercises, and 20% programming projects. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Searching & Sorting for Coding Interviews Meenakshi, Kamal Rawat, 2017-11-07 Searching & sorting algorithms form the back bone of coding acumen of developers. This book comprehensively covers In-depth tutorial & analysis of all major algorithms and techniques used to search and sort across data structures. All major variations of each algorithm (e.g. Ternary, Jump, Exponential, Interpolation are variations of Binary search). 110 real coding interview questions as solved examples and unsolved problems. Case studies of implementation of searching and sorting in language libraries. Introduction to how questions are asked and expected to answer on online competitive coding and hiring platforms like hackerrank.com, codechef.com, etc. Introduction to data structures. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Algorithms and Data Structures Niklaus Wirth, 1986 |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Algorithms Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne, 2014-02-01 This book is Part I of the fourth edition of Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne’s Algorithms, the leading textbook on algorithms today, widely used in colleges and universities worldwide. Part I contains Chapters 1 through 3 of the book. The fourth edition of Algorithms surveys the most important computer algorithms currently in use and provides a full treatment of data structures and algorithms for sorting, searching, graph processing, and string processing -- including fifty algorithms every programmer should know. In this edition, new Java implementations are written in an accessible modular programming style, where all of the code is exposed to the reader and ready to use. The algorithms in this book represent a body of knowledge developed over the last 50 years that has become indispensable, not just for professional programmers and computer science students but for any student with interests in science, mathematics, and engineering, not to mention students who use computation in the liberal arts. The companion web site, algs4.cs.princeton.edu contains An online synopsis Full Java implementations Test data Exercises and answers Dynamic visualizations Lecture slides Programming assignments with checklists Links to related material The MOOC related to this book is accessible via the Online Course link at algs4.cs.princeton.edu. The course offers more than 100 video lecture segments that are integrated with the text, extensive online assessments, and the large-scale discussion forums that have proven so valuable. Offered each fall and spring, this course regularly attracts tens of thousands of registrants. Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne are developing a modern approach to disseminating knowledge that fully embraces technology, enabling people all around the world to discover new ways of learning and teaching. By integrating their textbook, online content, and MOOC, all at the state of the art, they have built a unique resource that greatly expands the breadth and depth of the educational experience. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Coding Interview Questions Narasimha Karumanchi, 2012 Peeling Data Structures and Algorithms: * Programming puzzles for interviews * Campus Preparation * Degree/Masters Course Preparation * Instructor's * GATE Preparation * Big job hunters: Microsoft, Google, Amazon, Yahoo, Flip Kart, Adobe, IBM Labs, Citrix, Mentor Graphics, NetApp, Oracle, Webaroo, De-Shaw, Success Factors, Face book, McAfee and many more * Reference Manual for working people |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Programming Challenges Steven S Skiena, Miguel A. Revilla, 2006-04-18 There are many distinct pleasures associated with computer programming. Craftsmanship has its quiet rewards, the satisfaction that comes from building a useful object and making it work. Excitement arrives with the flash of insight that cracks a previously intractable problem. The spiritual quest for elegance can turn the hacker into an artist. There are pleasures in parsimony, in squeezing the last drop of performance out of clever algorithms and tight coding. The games, puzzles, and challenges of problems from international programming competitions are a great way to experience these pleasures while improving your algorithmic and coding skills. This book contains over 100 problems that have appeared in previous programming contests, along with discussions of the theory and ideas necessary to attack them. Instant online grading for all of these problems is available from two WWW robot judging sites. Combining this book with a judge gives an exciting new way to challenge and improve your programming skills. This book can be used for self-study, for teaching innovative courses in algorithms and programming, and in training for international competition. The problems in this book have been selected from over 1,000 programming problems at the Universidad de Valladolid online judge. The judge has ruled on well over one million submissions from 27,000 registered users around the world to date. We have taken only the best of the best, the most fun, exciting, and interesting problems available. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Algorithms Robert Sedgewick, 1988 Software -- Programming Techniques. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: The Algorithm Design Manual Steven S Skiena, 2009-04-05 This newly expanded and updated second edition of the best-selling classic continues to take the mystery out of designing algorithms, and analyzing their efficacy and efficiency. Expanding on the first edition, the book now serves as the primary textbook of choice for algorithm design courses while maintaining its status as the premier practical reference guide to algorithms for programmers, researchers, and students. The reader-friendly Algorithm Design Manual provides straightforward access to combinatorial algorithms technology, stressing design over analysis. The first part, Techniques, provides accessible instruction on methods for designing and analyzing computer algorithms. The second part, Resources, is intended for browsing and reference, and comprises the catalog of algorithmic resources, implementations and an extensive bibliography. NEW to the second edition: • Doubles the tutorial material and exercises over the first edition • Provides full online support for lecturers, and a completely updated and improved website component with lecture slides, audio and video • Contains a unique catalog identifying the 75 algorithmic problems that arise most often in practice, leading the reader down the right path to solve them • Includes several NEW war stories relating experiences from real-world applications • Provides up-to-date links leading to the very best algorithm implementations available in C, C++, and Java |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Algorithms, Part II Robert Sedgewick, Kevin Wayne, 2014-02-01 This book is Part II of the fourth edition of Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne’s Algorithms, the leading textbook on algorithms today, widely used in colleges and universities worldwide. Part II contains Chapters 4 through 6 of the book. The fourth edition of Algorithms surveys the most important computer algorithms currently in use and provides a full treatment of data structures and algorithms for sorting, searching, graph processing, and string processing -- including fifty algorithms every programmer should know. In this edition, new Java implementations are written in an accessible modular programming style, where all of the code is exposed to the reader and ready to use. The algorithms in this book represent a body of knowledge developed over the last 50 years that has become indispensable, not just for professional programmers and computer science students but for any student with interests in science, mathematics, and engineering, not to mention students who use computation in the liberal arts. The companion web site, algs4.cs.princeton.edu contains An online synopsis Full Java implementations Test data Exercises and answers Dynamic visualizations Lecture slides Programming assignments with checklists Links to related material The MOOC related to this book is accessible via the Online Course link at algs4.cs.princeton.edu. The course offers more than 100 video lecture segments that are integrated with the text, extensive online assessments, and the large-scale discussion forums that have proven so valuable. Offered each fall and spring, this course regularly attracts tens of thousands of registrants. Robert Sedgewick and Kevin Wayne are developing a modern approach to disseminating knowledge that fully embraces technology, enabling people all around the world to discover new ways of learning and teaching. By integrating their textbook, online content, and MOOC, all at the state of the art, they have built a unique resource that greatly expands the breadth and depth of the educational experience. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Interviewing in Swift: Algorithms and Data Structures: Your Guide in Helping You Prepare for the Real World of Software Engineering Interview John Ngoi, 2018-10 Best selling book on Amazon and Kindle! Now with blockchain and cryptocurrency code.Written by a seasoned Silicon Valley technologist and programmer, this guide serves to help you prepare for the real world of software engineering interviews as an iOS or macOS developer. The book will cover learning data structures and how to apply these data structures to your algorithms to solve problems in a more efficient way.The book contains working Swift code examples for the version it was written in. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++ Weiss, Weiss Mark Allen, 2007-09 The C++ language is brought up-to-date and simplified, and the Standard Template Library is now fully incorporated throughout the text. Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in C++ is logically organized to cover advanced data structures topics from binary heaps to sorting to NP-completeness. Figures and examples illustrating successive stages of algorithms contribute to Weiss' careful, rigorous and in-depth analysis of each type of algorithm. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Problem Solving in Data Structures and Algorithms Using C Hemant Jain, 2018-11-06 Problem Solving in Data Structures & Algorithms is a series of books about the usage of Data Structures and Algorithms in computer programming. The book is easy to follow and is written for interview preparation point of view. In these books, the examples are solved in various languages like Go, C, C++, Java, C#, Python, VB, JavaScript and PHP. GitHub Repositories for these books. https://github.com/Hemant-Jain-Author Book's Composition This book introduces you to the world of data structures and algorithms. Data structures defines the way in which data is arranged in memory for fast and efficient access while algorithms are a set of instruction to solve problems by manipulating these data structures. Designing an efficient algorithm is a very important skill that all software companies, e.g. Microsoft, Google, Facebook etc. pursues. Most of the interviews for these companies are focused on knowledge of data-structures and algorithms. They look for how candidates use concepts of data structures and algorithms to solve complex problems efficiently. Apart from knowing, a programming language you also need to have good command of these key computer fundamentals to not only qualify the interview but also excel in you jobs as a software engineer. This book assumes that you are a C language developer. You are not an expert in C language, but you are well familiar with concepts of classes, functions, arrays, pointers and recursion. At the start of this book, we will be looking into Complexity Analysis followed by the various data structures and their algorithms. We will be looking into a Linked-List, Stack, Queue, Trees, Heap, Hash-Table and Graphs. We will also be looking into Sorting, Searching techniques. In last few chapters, we will be looking into various algorithmic techniques. Such as, Brute-Force algorithms, Greedy algorithms, Divide and Conquer algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Reduction and Backtracking. . Table of Contents Chapter 0: How to use this book. Chapter 1: Algorithms Analysis Chapter 2: Approach to solve algorithm design problems Chapter 3: Abstract Data Type & C# Collections Chapter 4: Searching Chapter 5: Sorting Chapter 6: Linked List Chapter 7: Stack Chapter 8: Queue Chapter 9: Tree Chapter 10: Priority Queue Chapter 11: Hash-Table Chapter 12: Graphs Chapter 13: String Algorithms Chapter 14: Algorithm Design Techniques Chapter 15: Brute Force Algorithm Chapter 16: Greedy Algorithm Chapter 17: Divide & Conquer Chapter 18: Dynamic Programming Chapter 19: Backtracking Chapter 20: Complexity Theory |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures & Algorithms In Go Hemant Jain, 2019-05-21 Data Structures & Algorithms books by Hemant Jain is a series of books about the usage of Data Structures and Algorithms in computer programming. The book is easy to follow and is written for interview preparation point of view. In these books, the examples are solved in various languages like Go, C, C++, Java, C#, Python, VB, JavaScript and PHP. GitHub Repositories for these books. https: //github.com/Hemant-Jain-Author Book's Composition This book introduces you to the world of data structures and algorithms. Data structures defines the way in which data is arranged in memory for fast and efficient access while algorithms are a set of instruction to solve problems by manipulating these data structures. Designing an efficient algorithm is a very important skill that all software companies, e.g. Microsoft, Google, Facebook etc. pursues. Most of the interviews for these companies are focused on knowledge of data-structures and algorithms. They look for how candidates use concepts of data structures and algorithms to solve complex problems efficiently. Apart from knowing, a programming language you also need to have good command of these key computer fundamentals to not only qualify the interview but also excel in you jobs as a software engineer. This book assumes that you are a C language developer. You are not an expert in C language, but you are well familiar with concepts of classes, functions, arrays, pointers and recursion. At the start of this book, we will be looking into Complexity Analysis followed by the various data structures and their algorithms. We will be looking into a Linked-List, Stack, Queue, Trees, Heap, Hash-Table and Graphs. We will also be looking into Sorting, Searching techniques. In last few chapters, we will be looking into various algorithmic techniques. Such as, Brute-Force algorithms, Greedy algorithms, Divide and Conquer algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Reduction and Backtracking. . Table of Contents Chapter 0: How to use this book. Chapter 1: Algorithms Analysis Chapter 2: Approach to solve algorithm design problems Chapter 3: Abstract Data Type & C# Collections Chapter 4: Searching Chapter 5: Sorting Chapter 6: Linked List Chapter 7: Stack Chapter 8: Queue Chapter 9: Tree Chapter 10: Priority Queue Chapter 11: Hash-Table Chapter 12: Graphs Chapter 13: String Algorithms Chapter 14: Algorithm Design Techniques Chapter 15: Brute Force Algorithm Chapter 16: Greedy Algorithm Chapter 17: Divide & Conquer Chapter 18: Dynamic Programming Chapter 19: Backtracking Chapter 20: Complexity Theor |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Grokking Algorithms Aditya Bhargava, 2016-05-12 This book does the impossible: it makes math fun and easy! - Sander Rossel, COAS Software Systems Grokking Algorithms is a fully illustrated, friendly guide that teaches you how to apply common algorithms to the practical problems you face every day as a programmer. You'll start with sorting and searching and, as you build up your skills in thinking algorithmically, you'll tackle more complex concerns such as data compression and artificial intelligence. Each carefully presented example includes helpful diagrams and fully annotated code samples in Python. Learning about algorithms doesn't have to be boring! Get a sneak peek at the fun, illustrated, and friendly examples you'll find in Grokking Algorithms on Manning Publications' YouTube channel. Continue your journey into the world of algorithms with Algorithms in Motion, a practical, hands-on video course available exclusively at Manning.com (www.manning.com/livevideo/algorithms-?in-motion). Purchase of the print book includes a free eBook in PDF, Kindle, and ePub formats from Manning Publications. About the Technology An algorithm is nothing more than a step-by-step procedure for solving a problem. The algorithms you'll use most often as a programmer have already been discovered, tested, and proven. If you want to understand them but refuse to slog through dense multipage proofs, this is the book for you. This fully illustrated and engaging guide makes it easy to learn how to use the most important algorithms effectively in your own programs. About the Book Grokking Algorithms is a friendly take on this core computer science topic. In it, you'll learn how to apply common algorithms to the practical programming problems you face every day. You'll start with tasks like sorting and searching. As you build up your skills, you'll tackle more complex problems like data compression and artificial intelligence. Each carefully presented example includes helpful diagrams and fully annotated code samples in Python. By the end of this book, you will have mastered widely applicable algorithms as well as how and when to use them. What's Inside Covers search, sort, and graph algorithms Over 400 pictures with detailed walkthroughs Performance trade-offs between algorithms Python-based code samples About the Reader This easy-to-read, picture-heavy introduction is suitable for self-taught programmers, engineers, or anyone who wants to brush up on algorithms. About the Author Aditya Bhargava is a Software Engineer with a dual background in Computer Science and Fine Arts. He blogs on programming at adit.io. Table of Contents Introduction to algorithms Selection sort Recursion Quicksort Hash tables Breadth-first search Dijkstra's algorithm Greedy algorithms Dynamic programming K-nearest neighbors |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Open Data Structures Pat Morin, 2013 Introduction -- Array-based lists -- Linked lists -- Skiplists -- Hash tables -- Binary trees -- Random binary search trees -- Scapegoat trees -- Red-black trees -- Heaps -- Sorting algorithms -- Graphs -- Data structures for integers -- External memory searching. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Quant Job Interview Questions and Answers Mark Joshi, Nick Denson, Nicholas Denson, Andrew Downes, 2013 The quant job market has never been tougher. Extensive preparation is essential. Expanding on the successful first edition, this second edition has been updated to reflect the latest questions asked. It now provides over 300 interview questions taken from actual interviews in the City and Wall Street. Each question comes with a full detailed solution, discussion of what the interviewer is seeking and possible follow-up questions. Topics covered include option pricing, probability, mathematics, numerical algorithms and C++, as well as a discussion of the interview process and the non-technical interview. All three authors have worked as quants and they have done many interviews from both sides of the desk. Mark Joshi has written many papers and books including the very successful introductory textbook, The Concepts and Practice of Mathematical Finance. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Grokking the System Design Interview Design Gurus, 2021-12-18 This book (also available online at www.designgurus.org) by Design Gurus has helped 60k+ readers to crack their system design interview (SDI). System design questions have become a standard part of the software engineering interview process. These interviews determine your ability to work with complex systems and the position and salary you will be offered by the interviewing company. Unfortunately, SDI is difficult for most engineers, partly because they lack experience developing large-scale systems and partly because SDIs are unstructured in nature. Even engineers who've some experience building such systems aren't comfortable with these interviews, mainly due to the open-ended nature of design problems that don't have a standard answer. This book is a comprehensive guide to master SDIs. It was created by hiring managers who have worked for Google, Facebook, Microsoft, and Amazon. The book contains a carefully chosen set of questions that have been repeatedly asked at top companies. What's inside? This book is divided into two parts. The first part includes a step-by-step guide on how to answer a system design question in an interview, followed by famous system design case studies. The second part of the book includes a glossary of system design concepts. Table of Contents First Part: System Design Interviews: A step-by-step guide. Designing a URL Shortening service like TinyURL. Designing Pastebin. Designing Instagram. Designing Dropbox. Designing Facebook Messenger. Designing Twitter. Designing YouTube or Netflix. Designing Typeahead Suggestion. Designing an API Rate Limiter. Designing Twitter Search. Designing a Web Crawler. Designing Facebook's Newsfeed. Designing Yelp or Nearby Friends. Designing Uber backend. Designing Ticketmaster. Second Part: Key Characteristics of Distributed Systems. Load Balancing. Caching. Data Partitioning. Indexes. Proxies. Redundancy and Replication. SQL vs. NoSQL. CAP Theorem. PACELC Theorem. Consistent Hashing. Long-Polling vs. WebSockets vs. Server-Sent Events. Bloom Filters. Quorum. Leader and Follower. Heartbeat. Checksum. About the Authors Designed Gurus is a platform that offers online courses to help software engineers prepare for coding and system design interviews. Learn more about our courses at www.designgurus.org. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: A Practical Introduction to Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis Clifford A. Shaffer, 2001 This practical text contains fairly traditional coverage of data structures with a clear and complete use of algorithm analysis, and some emphasis on file processing techniques as relevant to modern programmers. It fully integrates OO programming with these topics, as part of the detailed presentation of OO programming itself.Chapter topics include lists, stacks, and queues; binary and general trees; graphs; file processing and external sorting; searching; indexing; and limits to computation.For programmers who need a good reference on data structures. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures And Algorithms Shi-kuo Chang, 2003-09-29 This is an excellent, up-to-date and easy-to-use text on data structures and algorithms that is intended for undergraduates in computer science and information science. The thirteen chapters, written by an international group of experienced teachers, cover the fundamental concepts of algorithms and most of the important data structures as well as the concept of interface design. The book contains many examples and diagrams. Whenever appropriate, program codes are included to facilitate learning.This book is supported by an international group of authors who are experts on data structures and algorithms, through its website at www.cs.pitt.edu/~jung/GrowingBook/, so that both teachers and students can benefit from their expertise. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Introduction To Algorithms Thomas H Cormen, Charles E Leiserson, Ronald L Rivest, Clifford Stein, 2001 An extensively revised edition of a mathematically rigorous yet accessible introduction to algorithms. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Swift Algorithms and Data Structures Wayne Bishop, 2015-08-10 |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Problem Solving in Data Structures & Algorithms Using Python Hemant Jain, 2019-05-16 Problem Solving in Data Structures & Algorithms is a series of books about the usage of Data Structures and Algorithms in computer programming. The book is easy to follow and is written for interview preparation point of view. In these books, the examples are solved in various languages like Go, C, C++, Java, C#, Python, VB, JavaScript and PHP. GitHub Repositories for these books. https: //github.com/Hemant-Jain-Author Book's Composition This book introduces you to the world of data structures and algorithms. Data structures defines the way in which data is arranged in memory for fast and efficient access while algorithms are a set of instruction to solve problems by manipulating these data structures. Designing an efficient algorithm is a very important skill that all software companies, e.g. Microsoft, Google, Facebook etc. pursues. Most of the interviews for these companies are focused on knowledge of data-structures and algorithms. They look for how candidates use concepts of data structures and algorithms to solve complex problems efficiently. Apart from knowing, a programming language you also need to have good command of these key computer fundamentals to not only qualify the interview but also excel in you jobs as a software engineer. This book assumes that you are a C language developer. You are not an expert in C language, but you are well familiar with concepts of classes, functions, arrays, pointers and recursion. At the start of this book, we will be looking into Complexity Analysis followed by the various data structures and their algorithms. We will be looking into a Linked-List, Stack, Queue, Trees, Heap, Hash-Table and Graphs. We will also be looking into Sorting, Searching techniques. In last few chapters, we will be looking into various algorithmic techniques. Such as, Brute-Force algorithms, Greedy algorithms, Divide and Conquer algorithms, Dynamic Programming, Reduction and Backtracking. . Table of Contents Chapter 0: How to use this book. Chapter 1: Algorithms Analysis Chapter 2: Approach to solve algorithm design problems Chapter 3: Abstract Data Type & C# Collections Chapter 4: Searching Chapter 5: Sorting Chapter 6: Linked List Chapter 7: Stack Chapter 8: Queue Chapter 9: Tree Chapter 10: Priority Queue Chapter 11: Hash-Table Chapter 12: Graphs Chapter 13: String Algorithms Chapter 14: Algorithm Design Techniques Chapter 15: Brute Force Algorithm Chapter 16: Greedy Algorithm Chapter 17: Divide & Conquer Chapter 18: Dynamic Programming Chapter 19: Backtracking Chapter 20: Complexity Theory |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: The Data Science Design Manual Steven S. Skiena, 2017-07-01 This engaging and clearly written textbook/reference provides a must-have introduction to the rapidly emerging interdisciplinary field of data science. It focuses on the principles fundamental to becoming a good data scientist and the key skills needed to build systems for collecting, analyzing, and interpreting data. The Data Science Design Manual is a source of practical insights that highlights what really matters in analyzing data, and provides an intuitive understanding of how these core concepts can be used. The book does not emphasize any particular programming language or suite of data-analysis tools, focusing instead on high-level discussion of important design principles. This easy-to-read text ideally serves the needs of undergraduate and early graduate students embarking on an “Introduction to Data Science” course. It reveals how this discipline sits at the intersection of statistics, computer science, and machine learning, with a distinct heft and character of its own. Practitioners in these and related fields will find this book perfect for self-study as well. Additional learning tools: Contains “War Stories,” offering perspectives on how data science applies in the real world Includes “Homework Problems,” providing a wide range of exercises and projects for self-study Provides a complete set of lecture slides and online video lectures at www.data-manual.com Provides “Take-Home Lessons,” emphasizing the big-picture concepts to learn from each chapter Recommends exciting “Kaggle Challenges” from the online platform Kaggle Highlights “False Starts,” revealing the subtle reasons why certain approaches fail Offers examples taken from the data science television show “The Quant Shop” (www.quant-shop.com) |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Python for Everybody Charles R. Severance, 2016-04-09 Python for Everybody is designed to introduce students to programming and software development through the lens of exploring data. You can think of the Python programming language as your tool to solve data problems that are beyond the capability of a spreadsheet.Python is an easy to use and easy to learn programming language that is freely available on Macintosh, Windows, or Linux computers. So once you learn Python you can use it for the rest of your career without needing to purchase any software.This book uses the Python 3 language. The earlier Python 2 version of this book is titled Python for Informatics: Exploring Information.There are free downloadable electronic copies of this book in various formats and supporting materials for the book at www.pythonlearn.com. The course materials are available to you under a Creative Commons License so you can adapt them to teach your own Python course. |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures And Algorithms Made Easy Narasimha Karumanchi, 2023-07-21 Data Structures And Algorithms Made Easy: Data Structures and Algorithmic Puzzles is a book that offers solutions to complex data structures and algorithms. It can be used as a reference manual by those readers in the computer science industry. This book serves as guide to prepare for interviews, exams, and campus work. In short, this book offers solutions to various complex data structures and algorithmic problems. Topics Covered: Introduction Recursion and Backtracking Linked Lists Stacks Queues Trees Priority Queue and Heaps Disjoint Sets ADT Graph Algorithms Sorting Searching Selection Algorithms [Medians] Symbol Tables Hashing String Algorithms Algorithms Design Techniques Greedy Algorithms Divide and Conquer Algorithms Dynamic Programming Complexity Classes Miscellaneous Concepts |
| algorithms and data structures for interview preparation: Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in Java Mark Allen Weiss, 2014-09-24 Data Structures and Algorithm Analysis in Java is an advanced algorithms book that fits between traditional CS2 and Algorithms Analysis courses. In the old ACM Curriculum Guidelines, this course was known as CS7. It is also suitable for a first-year graduate course in algorithm analysis As the speed and power of computers increases, so does the need for effective programming and algorithm analysis. By approaching these skills in tandem, Mark Allen Weiss teaches readers to develop well-constructed, maximally efficient programs in Java. Weiss clearly explains topics from binary heaps to sorting to NP-completeness, and dedicates a full chapter to amortized analysis and advanced data structures and their implementation. Figures and examples illustrating successive stages of algorithms contribute to Weiss’ careful, rigorous and in-depth analysis of each type of algorithm. A logical organization of topics and full access to source code complement the text’s coverage. |
Algorithm - Wikipedia
Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use conditionals to divert the code execution through various routes …
What is an Algorithm | Introduction to Algorithms
Apr 29, 2025 · Algorithms are necessary for solving complex problems efficiently and effectively. They help to automate processes and make them more reliable, faster, and easier to perform. …
What Is an Algorithm? | Definition & Examples - Scribbr
Aug 9, 2023 · Algorithms are fundamental tools for problem-solving in both the digital world and many real-life scenarios. Each time we try to solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller, …
What is an Algorithm? Definition, Types, Implementation
Sep 28, 2023 · Understanding the different types of algorithms can help in selecting the most appropriate one for solving a specific problem. Broadly, we can categorize algorithms based …
Algorithm | Definition, Types, & Facts | Britannica
Apr 22, 2025 · Algorithms exist for many such infinite classes of questions; Euclid’s Elements, published about 300 bce, contained one for finding the greatest common divisor of two natural …
What is an algorithm? | TechTarget
Jul 29, 2024 · An algorithm is a procedure used for solving a problem or performing a computation. Algorithms act as an exact list of instructions that conduct specified actions step …
Introduction to Algorithms | Electrical Engineering and Computer ...
In the last lecture, Prof. Demaine demonstrates how he uses algorithms to create intricate origami figures. (Image courtesy of the instructors.)
What is an algorithm? Definition, structure and examples
Dec 11, 2024 · Algorithms are the beating heart of modern computing. Every time you perform a search on the Internet, send an email, watch an online video or shop on a website, they are …
What Is an Algorithm? (Definition, Examples, Analysis) - Built In
May 7, 2025 · Algorithms provide computers with instructions that process data into actionable outputs. Here’s an in-depth look at how algorithms work, common types of algorithms, real-life …
What is an Algorithm? Algorithm Definition for Computer Science …
Dec 13, 2022 · If you’re a student and want to study computer science, or you’re learning to code, then there’s a chance you’ve heard of algorithms. Simply put, an algorithm is a set of …
Algorithm - Wikipedia
Algorithms are used as specifications for performing calculations and data processing. More advanced algorithms can use conditionals to divert the code execution through various routes …
What is an Algorithm | Introduction to Algorithms
Apr 29, 2025 · Algorithms are necessary for solving complex problems efficiently and effectively. They help to automate processes and make them more reliable, faster, and easier to perform. …
What Is an Algorithm? | Definition & Examples - Scribbr
Aug 9, 2023 · Algorithms are fundamental tools for problem-solving in both the digital world and many real-life scenarios. Each time we try to solve a problem by breaking it down into smaller, …
What is an Algorithm? Definition, Types, Implementation
Sep 28, 2023 · Understanding the different types of algorithms can help in selecting the most appropriate one for solving a specific problem. Broadly, we can categorize algorithms based …
Algorithm | Definition, Types, & Facts | Britannica
Apr 22, 2025 · Algorithms exist for many such infinite classes of questions; Euclid’s Elements, published about 300 bce, contained one for finding the greatest common divisor of two natural …
What is an algorithm? | TechTarget
Jul 29, 2024 · An algorithm is a procedure used for solving a problem or performing a computation. Algorithms act as an exact list of instructions that conduct specified actions step …
Introduction to Algorithms | Electrical Engineering and Computer ...
In the last lecture, Prof. Demaine demonstrates how he uses algorithms to create intricate origami figures. (Image courtesy of the instructors.)
What is an algorithm? Definition, structure and examples
Dec 11, 2024 · Algorithms are the beating heart of modern computing. Every time you perform a search on the Internet, send an email, watch an online video or shop on a website, they are …
What Is an Algorithm? (Definition, Examples, Analysis) - Built In
May 7, 2025 · Algorithms provide computers with instructions that process data into actionable outputs. Here’s an in-depth look at how algorithms work, common types of algorithms, real-life …
What is an Algorithm? Algorithm Definition for Computer Science …
Dec 13, 2022 · If you’re a student and want to study computer science, or you’re learning to code, then there’s a chance you’ve heard of algorithms. Simply put, an algorithm is a set of …
