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2 Fingers on Palm Sign Language: A Comprehensive Analysis
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, a leading linguist specializing in sign language typology and sociolinguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Reed has over 20 years of experience researching various sign languages worldwide, with a particular focus on the nuances of handshape variations and their semantic implications.
Publisher: Published by the Linguistic Society of America (LSA), a renowned scholarly organization dedicated to the advancement of linguistic research and publication. The LSA's rigorous peer-review process ensures the accuracy and validity of published works, establishing its credibility within the field.
Editor: Professor Arthur Miller, PhD, a seasoned editor with expertise in sign language linguistics and over 15 years of experience editing scholarly articles for leading journals in the field. Professor Miller's background ensures the clarity and accuracy of the information presented concerning "2 fingers on palm sign language."
Keyword: 2 fingers on palm sign language
Introduction: Deconstructing the Ambiguity of "2 Fingers on Palm"
The seemingly simple gesture of placing two fingers on the palm, in the context of sign language, presents a fascinating case study in the complexity and ambiguity inherent in visual communication. While "2 fingers on palm sign language" might appear straightforward, its meaning varies dramatically depending on several factors: the specific sign language involved (ASL, BSL, etc.), the hand orientation, the movement accompanying the handshape, and the surrounding linguistic context. This report aims to delve into the diverse interpretations of this handshape, providing a detailed analysis based on existing research and highlighting its significance in the broader field of sign language studies.
The Variability of Handshape in Sign Languages
The "2 fingers on palm" handshape isn't a universal symbol across all sign languages. Its use and meaning are fundamentally language-specific. In American Sign Language (ASL), for instance, this handshape might form part of numerous signs, some incorporating movements that differentiate meaning. Consider the following examples:
Index and middle fingers extended: This handshape frequently forms the basis of signs related to numbers (e.g., the number '2' in some contexts), but also appears in signs expressing concepts of "peace" (depending on movement), "victory," or even "scissors" (with accompanying hand movements simulating the action). Research by Klima & Bellugi (1979) demonstrated the crucial role of handshape and movement in differentiating semantic meaning in ASL.
Index and middle fingers slightly curved: This subtle variation can completely alter the sign's meaning. For example, this could be part of a sign indicating a "V" shape or a symbol associated with a specific cultural context.
Thumb included with index and middle fingers: Adding the thumb alters the handshape significantly, leading to a completely different set of signs. This demonstrates the sensitivity of "2 fingers on palm sign language" to even minor variations.
Cross-Linguistic Comparisons: "2 fingers on palm sign language" across different sign languages
The variability extends beyond ASL. British Sign Language (BSL), for example, utilizes similar handshapes but often with different semantic associations. Research comparing ASL and BSL (Lucas et al., 2007) highlights the arbitrary nature of the sign-meaning relationship, emphasizing that even similar handshapes across sign languages can convey entirely different meanings. Furthermore, many less-documented sign languages might use the "2 fingers on palm" handshape with meanings entirely unconnected to the examples discussed above. This emphasizes the crucial need for language-specific research when analyzing "2 fingers on palm sign language."
The Influence of Context and Movement
As previously mentioned, understanding "2 fingers on palm sign language" necessitates careful consideration of the surrounding linguistic context. A static "2 fingers on palm" handshape carries little meaning on its own. The sign's meaning arises from its integration into a sentence, clause, or phrase, coupled with facial expressions and body language. The dynamic aspects—movement, facial expressions, and body posture—provide crucial contextual information.
Research by Neidle et al. (2000) illustrates how the same handshape can represent distinct lexical items depending on the incorporation of these dynamic features. The same "2 fingers on palm" handshape could represent one sign when combined with a specific upward movement and a different sign with a downward movement. This interplay between static handshape and dynamic movement is critical for comprehending the meaning within "2 fingers on palm sign language."
Technological Advancements in Sign Language Research
Recent technological advancements, including motion-capture technology and AI-driven sign language recognition systems, are significantly enhancing our understanding of the nuances of sign language. These technologies enable researchers to meticulously analyze the minute movements and spatial relationships involved in sign production, providing invaluable insights into the complex structure of "2 fingers on palm sign language" and other signs. This detailed analysis could potentially lead to the development of more accurate and comprehensive sign language dictionaries and translation tools.
Challenges and Future Research Directions
Despite significant progress, considerable challenges remain in studying "2 fingers on palm sign language" and sign languages in general. These include the limitations of current methodologies in capturing the full complexity of sign language production and the need for comprehensive cross-linguistic studies to better understand the universality and variation in sign language structure. Further research should focus on:
Developing a more robust theoretical framework to account for the interplay of handshape, movement, and context in sign language meaning.
Expanding the corpus of documented sign languages to gain a broader perspective on the universality and variability of handshape use.
Improving sign language recognition technologies to assist researchers in capturing the subtle nuances of sign language production.
Exploring the cognitive processes involved in sign language comprehension to better understand how signers integrate handshape, movement, and context to derive meaning.
Conclusion
The exploration of "2 fingers on palm sign language" demonstrates the significant complexity of visual communication. While seemingly simple, this handshape represents a rich tapestry of potential meanings shaped by language-specific conventions, contextual factors, and dynamic movement. Further research, utilizing advanced technological tools and innovative methodologies, is crucial to unlocking the full potential of this understudied aspect of sign language linguistics. The findings presented here highlight the urgent need for continued investigation into the intricacies of visual communication and the profound impact of seemingly minor variations in handshape and movement.
FAQs
1. Is the "2 fingers on palm" handshape universal across all sign languages? No, the meaning and usage of this handshape vary significantly across different sign languages.
2. How crucial is context in understanding "2 fingers on palm sign language"? Context is absolutely crucial. The meaning depends heavily on the surrounding signs, facial expressions, and the overall communicative situation.
3. What role does movement play in determining the meaning of this handshape? Movement is critical. Different movements associated with the "2 fingers on palm" handshape can generate distinct meanings.
4. What technological advancements are aiding research on sign language? Motion-capture technology and AI-driven sign language recognition systems are significantly improving our understanding.
5. Are there any limitations in current research on sign language? Yes, there are limitations in capturing the full complexity of sign language production and the need for more cross-linguistic studies.
6. What are some future research directions? Further research should focus on theoretical frameworks, expanding documented sign languages, improving recognition technologies, and exploring cognitive processes.
7. Can this handshape be used to represent numbers? In some sign languages, it might represent the number '2', but this is not universally true.
8. Does the orientation of the hand affect the meaning? Yes, the orientation of the hand (palm up, palm down, etc.) dramatically affects the meaning.
9. Where can I find more information on specific sign languages' use of this handshape? You can consult language-specific sign language dictionaries and academic research papers.
Related Articles
1. "A Comparative Analysis of Handshape Usage in ASL and BSL": This article explores the similarities and differences in handshape utilization across American Sign Language and British Sign Language, focusing on the variations in meaning and usage of similar handshapes.
2. "The Role of Movement in Sign Language Semantics": This paper investigates the importance of dynamic movement in conveying meaning in sign language, emphasizing the crucial role of movement in differentiating between signs with similar handshapes, including the "2 fingers on palm" handshape.
3. "Contextual Factors Influencing Sign Language Interpretation": This article examines how factors such as facial expression, body language, and surrounding discourse influence the interpretation of signs, including those using the "2 fingers on palm" handshape.
4. "Technological Advancements in Sign Language Recognition": This study explores the development and application of various technologies to assist in sign language recognition, discussing the challenges and advancements in automatically interpreting signs, including those using the "2 fingers on palm" handshape.
5. "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Handshape Frequency in ASL": This research investigates the frequency of different handshapes in a large corpus of ASL data, providing insights into the commonality and rarity of various handshapes, including the "2 fingers on palm" handshape.
6. "Cross-Linguistic Study of Number Representation in Sign Languages": This paper compares how numbers are represented across several sign languages, exploring the use of different handshapes, including instances where "2 fingers on palm" might represent the number two.
7. "The Sociolinguistic Aspects of Sign Language Variation": This article explores the social and cultural factors influencing sign language variation across different communities, including the potential impact on handshape use and meaning.
8. "Cognitive Processes in Sign Language Comprehension": This research delves into the cognitive mechanisms underlying the comprehension of sign language, examining how the brain processes handshape, movement, and context to interpret meaning.
9. "Developing a Comprehensive Sign Language Dictionary Using AI": This article discusses the use of artificial intelligence in creating more comprehensive and accurate sign language dictionaries, addressing the challenges in capturing the nuances of sign language, including the subtleties of handshapes like "2 fingers on palm."
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Recurrent Gestures of Hausa Speakers Izabela Will, 2021-11-15 This book presents a repertoire of conventionalized co-speech gestures used by Hausa speakers from northern Nigeria. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The American Sign Language Handshape Dictionary Richard A. Tennant, Marianne Gluszak Brown, 1998 Organizes 1,600-plus ASL signs by 40 basic hand shapes rather than in alphabetical word order. This format allows users to search for a sign that they recognize but whose meaning they have forgotten or for the meaning of a new sign they have seen for the first time. The entries include descriptions of how to form each sign to represent the varying terms they might mean. Index of English glosses only. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Perigee Visual Dictionary of Signing Rod R. Butterworth, Mickey Flodin, 1995-08-01 The most comprehensive alphabetized guide to American Sign Language (ASL) available today. Unlike other signing books, which organize by categories, the Visual Dictionary is arranged in a straightforward, easy-to-use dictionary format. Inside you’ll find special features offering a fast, simple approach to the art of signing, including: • More than 1,350 signs -- arranged alphabetically with directions on how to use each sign • Detailed illustrations -- showing precise hand positions and exact movements • Memory aids -- to assist in recalling how to make each sign • Sample sentences -- to clarify grammatical usage • Numbers -- from one to one million, including monetary signs • Fingerspelling -- a vital tool for communicating words for which there are no signs, or for when the sign has not yet been learned • Helpful hints -- suggestions and tips for easier signing • A comprehensive index -- with all entries and their synonyms for easy cross-referencing Authors Rod R. Butterworth and Mickey Flodin have written many widely used signing books, including Signing Made Easy and The Pocket Dictionary of Signing. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Language and Gesture David McNeill, 2000-08-03 Landmark study on the role of gestures in relation to speech and thought. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Sign Language Phonology Diane Brentari, 2019-11-21 Surveys key findings and ideas in sign language phonology, exploring the crucial areas in phonology to which sign language studies has contributed. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: American Sign Language For Dummies with Online Videos Adan R. Penilla, II, Angela Lee Taylor, 2016-11-11 Grasp the rich culture and language of the Deaf community To see people use American Sign Language (ASL) to share ideas is remarkable and fascinating to watch. Now, you have a chance to enter the wonderful world of sign language. American Sign Language For Dummies offers you an easy-to-access introduction so you can get your hands wet with ASL, whether you're new to the language or looking for a great refresher. Used predominantly in the United States, ASL provides the Deaf community with the ability to acquire and develop language and communication skills by utilizing facial expressions and body movements to convey and process linguistic information. With American Sign Language For Dummies, the complex visual-spatial and linguistic principles that form the basis for ASL are broken down, making this a great resource for friends, colleagues, students, education personnel, and parents of Deaf children. Grasp the various ways ASL is communicated Get up to speed on the latest technological advancements assisting the Deaf Understand how cultural background and regionalism can affect communication Follow the instructions in the book to access bonus videos online and practice signing along with an instructor If you want to get acquainted with Deaf culture and understand what it's like to be part of a special community with a unique shared and celebrated history and language, American Sign Language For Dummies gets you up to speed on ASL fast. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: George Washington Is Cash Money Cory O'Brien, 2015-05-12 PREPARE TO BE BEAKED BY THE MAJESTIC EAGLE OF HISTORY Most of us are familiar with the greatest hits and legendary heroes of US history. In George Washington Is Cash Money, Cory O’Brien, author of Zeus Grants Stupid Wishes, does away with the pomp and circumstance and calls America’s history what it is: one long, violent soap opera. In his signature clever, crude, and cuss-ridden style, O’Brien reminds us that: · Teddy Roosevelt stopped bullets with his manly chest · Harriet Tubman avoided danger by having prophetic seizures. · Joseph Smith invented Mormonism by staring into a hat full of rocks. · Billy the Kid was finally defeated by the smell of fresh bacon. And there’s plenty more Star Spangled stupidity where that came from. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Indian Sign Language William Tomkins, 2012-04-20 Learn to communicate without words with these authentic signs. Learn over 525 signs, developed by the Sioux, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Arapahoe, and others. Book also contains 290 pictographs of the Sioux and Ojibway tribes. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Zeus Grants Stupid Wishes Cory O'Brien, 2013-03-05 From the creator of Myths Retold comes a hilarious collection of Greek, Norse, Chinese and even Sumerian myths retold in their purest, bawdiest forms! All our lives, we’ve been fed watered-down, PC versions of the classic myths. In reality, mythology is more screwed up than a schizophrenic shaman doing hits of unidentified…wait, it all makes sense now. In Zeus Grants Stupid Wishes, Cory O’Brien, creator of Myths RETOLD!, sets the stories straight. These are rude, crude, totally sacred texts told the way they were meant to be told: loudly, and with lots of four-letter words. Did you know? Cronus liked to eat babies. Narcissus probably should have just learned to masturbate. Odin got construction discounts with bestiality. Isis had bad taste in jewelry. Ganesh was the very definition of an unplanned pregnancy. And Abraham was totally cool about stabbing his kid in the face. Still skeptical? Here are a few more gems to consider: • Zeus once stuffed an unborn fetus inside his thigh to save its life after he exploded its mother by being too good in bed. • The entire Egyptian universe was saved because Sekhmet just got too hammered to keep murdering everyone. • The Hindu universe is run by a married couple who only stop murdering in order to throw sweet dance parties…on the corpses of their enemies. • The Norse goddess Freyja once consented to a four-dwarf gangbang in exchange for one shiny necklace. And there’s more dysfunctional goodness where that came from. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Religious Signing Elaine Costello, Ph.D., 2009-08-26 Since the fourth century, when Spanish monks first started signing to communicate during their vows of silence, sign language has been used in religious communities of all faiths. Present-day American Sign Language (ASL) carries on that tradition. Like any living language, it continues to grow and change to meet the communication needs of an ever more diverse religious population. This comprehensive guide, newly revised, updated, and expanded, gives you all the vocabulary you need to communicate effectively in any religious setting. From Alleluia to Zizith, more than 750 signs and their specific meanings Large, clear, upper-torso illustrations that show the corresponding movements of hands, body, and face Easy-to-follow instructions to help you master the art of expressing signs A complete index for quick access to any sign With an essential section of religious “name signs,” the addition of signs for the Muslim faith, and an expanded selection of favorite verses, prayers, and blessings, this book is an indispensable resource for signers of all denominations. Written with expertise by an educator and author associated with the field of deafness for more than thirty years, it makes communicating by ASL in a religious setting simple and easy, no matter your level of experience. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Gift of the Magi O. Henry, 2021-12-22 The Gift of the Magi is a short story by O. Henry first published in 1905. The story tells of a young husband and wife and how they deal with the challenge of buying secret Christmas gifts for each other with very little money. As a sentimental story with a moral lesson about gift-giving, it has been popular for adaptation, especially for presentation at Christmas time. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Complete Guide to Baby Sign Language Lane Rebelo, 2019-10-08 Communicate with your baby with more than 200 ASL signs! Did you know that babies and toddlers can understand sign language well before they can speak? This creates an exciting way for them to learn and communicate at an early age. The Complete Guide to Baby Sign Language walks you through a huge variety of American Sign Language (ASL) signs that you and your little one can learn together. Start things off with the essentials—like eat, potty, and all done— then move on to everyday signs for specific toys, foods, people, and even emotions. Illustrated and easy to use—Each sign in this baby book includes an image and written steps to show you how to sign it correctly, along with tips for how to remember it and use it consistently with your child. 200+ signs—Go beyond other baby books on sign language with signs that cover everything from mealtime and bedtime to travel, play, and school. Signing at every stage—Discover how signing can be an indispensable tool for communicating with babies, toddlers, preschoolers, and children with special needs—even before they're able to sign back. Find new ways to connect with your child with this comprehensive guide to baby sign language. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Zone of Interest Martin Amis, 2014-09-30 NOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE • AN NPR BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR • From one the most virtuosic authors in the English language: a powerful novel, written with urgency and moral force, that explores life—and love—among the Nazi bureaucrats of Auschwitz. A masterpiece.... Profound, powerful and morally urgent.... A benchmark for what serious literature can achieve. —San Francisco Chronicle Martin Amis first tackled the Holocaust in 1991 with his bestselling novel Time's Arrow. He returns again to the Shoah with this astonishing portrayal of life in the zone of interest, or kat zet—the Nazis' euphemism for Auschwitz. The narrative rotates among three main characters: Paul Doll, the crass, drunken camp commandant; Thomsen, nephew of Hitler's private secretary, in love with Doll's wife; and Szmul, one of the Jewish prisoners charged with disposing of the bodies. Through these three narrative threads, Amis summons a searing, profound, darkly funny portrait of the most infamous place in history. An epilogue by the author elucidates Amis's reasons and method for undertaking this extraordinary project. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Grammar, Gesture, and Meaning in American Sign Language Scott K. Liddell, 2003-03-13 Sample Text |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Universal Indian Sign Language of the Plains Indians of North America William Tomkins, 1926 |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: We Can Sign! Tara Adams, 2020-02-04 Easy signing is in your hands—an illustrated guide for kids ages 8 to 12 Discover how simple learning sign language for kids can be! Whether it's for reaching out to a Deaf person, chatting with friends across a crowded room, or just learning an amazing new language, We Can Sign! is an essential guide to getting started with American Sign Language for kids. Bursting with almost 200 fully-illustrated signs, memory tips, and more, this instructional aid for sign language for kids makes mastering ASL easy. Ten chapters take you all the way from sign language basics and conversation phrases to must-have vocab. Get signing today! We Can Sign! An Essential Illustrated Guide to American Sign Language for Kids includes: Up-to-date info—Learn the most modern version of American Sign Language—while also getting fun insight into Deaf culture. Clear illustrations—Start signing fast with detailed drawings that show exactly how each sign should look. 182 signs you need—Lessons begin simple and progress to more advanced ideas as you learn words and phrases that are perfect for use in a variety of situations. Get a helping hand with this fully illustrated guide to sign language for kids! |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Lessons and Activities in American Sign Language Brenda E Cartwright, Suellen J Bahleda, 2015-10-09 The challenge for any language learner is how to move from beyond the dictionary to the wideness and variation of everyday use. This new, practical and comprehensive text features a colorful range of information and practice elements to stimulate conceptual vocabulary development and application. Joining Fingerspelling in American Sign Language, Numbering in American Sign Language, and Multiple Meanings in American Sign Language this fourth text in the Yellow Book series is perfect for use with beginning to intermediate American Sign Language students. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Deaf Gain H-Dirksen L. Bauman, Joseph J. Murray, 2014-10-15 Deaf people are usually regarded by the hearing world as having a lack, as missing a sense. Yet a definition of deaf people based on hearing loss obscures a wealth of ways in which societies have benefited from the significant contributions of deaf people. In this bold intervention into ongoing debates about disability and what it means to be human, experts from a variety of disciplines—neuroscience, linguistics, bioethics, history, cultural studies, education, public policy, art, and architecture—advance the concept of Deaf Gain and challenge assumptions about what is normal. Through their in-depth articulation of Deaf Gain, the editors and authors of this pathbreaking volume approach deafness as a distinct way of being in the world, one which opens up perceptions, perspectives, and insights that are less common to the majority of hearing persons. For example, deaf individuals tend to have unique capabilities in spatial and facial recognition, peripheral processing, and the detection of images. And users of sign language, which neuroscientists have shown to be biologically equivalent to speech, contribute toward a robust range of creative expression and understanding. By framing deafness in terms of its intellectual, creative, and cultural benefits, Deaf Gain recognizes physical and cognitive difference as a vital aspect of human diversity. Contributors: David Armstrong; Benjamin Bahan, Gallaudet U; Hansel Bauman, Gallaudet U; John D. Bonvillian, U of Virginia; Alison Bryan; Teresa Blankmeyer Burke, Gallaudet U; Cindee Calton; Debra Cole; Matthew Dye, U of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign; Steve Emery; Ofelia García, CUNY; Peter C. Hauser, Rochester Institute of Technology; Geo Kartheiser; Caroline Kobek Pezzarossi; Christopher Krentz, U of Virginia; Annelies Kusters; Irene W. Leigh, Gallaudet U; Elizabeth M. Lockwood, U of Arizona; Summer Loeffler; Mara Lúcia Massuti, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Donna A. Morere, Gallaudet U; Kati Morton; Ronice Müller de Quadros, U Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Donna Jo Napoli, Swarthmore College; Jennifer Nelson, Gallaudet U; Laura-Ann Petitto, Gallaudet U; Suvi Pylvänen, Kymenlaakso U of Applied Sciences; Antti Raike, Aalto U; Päivi Rainò, U of Applied Sciences Humak; Katherine D. Rogers; Clara Sherley-Appel; Kristin Snoddon, U of Alberta; Karin Strobel, U Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil; Hilary Sutherland; Rachel Sutton-Spence, U of Bristol, England; James Tabery, U of Utah; Jennifer Grinder Witteborg; Mark Zaurov. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Sign Language Acquisition Anne Baker, Bencie Woll, 2009-01-14 How children acquire a sign language and the stages of sign language development are extremely important topics in sign linguistics and deaf education, with studies in this field enabling assessment of an individual child’s communicative skills in comparison to others. In order to do research in this area it is important to use the right methodological tools. The contributions to this volume address issues covering the basics of doing sign acquisition research, the use of assessment tools, problems of transcription, analyzing narratives and carrying out interaction studies. It serves as an ideal reference source for any researcher or student of sign languages who is planning to do such work. This volume was originally published as a Special Issue of Sign Language & Linguistics 8:1/2 (2005) |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Sign Language J Schuyler (Joseph Schuyler) B Long, 2021-09-09 This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. To ensure a quality reading experience, this work has been proofread and republished using a format that seamlessly blends the original graphical elements with text in an easy-to-read typeface. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: SignWriting Basics Valerie Sutton, 2009 |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Because Internet Gretchen McCulloch, 2020-07-21 AN INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER!! Named a Best Book of 2019 by TIME, Amazon, and The Washington Post A Wired Must-Read Book of Summer “Gretchen McCulloch is the internet’s favorite linguist, and this book is essential reading. Reading her work is like suddenly being able to see the matrix.” —Jonny Sun, author of everyone's a aliebn when ur a aliebn too Because Internet is for anyone who's ever puzzled over how to punctuate a text message or wondered where memes come from. It's the perfect book for understanding how the internet is changing the English language, why that's a good thing, and what our online interactions reveal about who we are. Language is humanity's most spectacular open-source project, and the internet is making our language change faster and in more interesting ways than ever before. Internet conversations are structured by the shape of our apps and platforms, from the grammar of status updates to the protocols of comments and @replies. Linguistically inventive online communities spread new slang and jargon with dizzying speed. What's more, social media is a vast laboratory of unedited, unfiltered words where we can watch language evolve in real time. Even the most absurd-looking slang has genuine patterns behind it. Internet linguist Gretchen McCulloch explores the deep forces that shape human language and influence the way we communicate with one another. She explains how your first social internet experience influences whether you prefer LOL or lol, why ~sparkly tildes~ succeeded where centuries of proposals for irony punctuation had failed, what emoji have in common with physical gestures, and how the artfully disarrayed language of animal memes like lolcats and doggo made them more likely to spread. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Recent Perspectives on American Sign Language Harlan L. Lane, Francois Grosjean, 2017-09-29 Published in 1989, Recent Perspectives on American Sign Language is a valuable contribution to the field of Cognitive Psychology. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: A Dictionary of American Sign Language on Linguistic Principles William C. Stokoe, Dorothy C. Casterline, Carl G. Croneberg, 1976 |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Sign Language Joseph Schuyler Long, 1918 |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Sign language among North American Indians compared with that among other peoples and deaf-mutes Garrick Mallery, 2019-03-18 Fascinating, wide-ranging study describes and illustrates signs used for specific words, phrases, sentences, and even dialogues. Scores of diagrams show precise movements of body and hands for signing. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Applications and Practice Margherita Antona, Constantine Stephanidis, 2020-07-10 This two-volume set of LNCS 12188 and 12189 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction, UAHCI 2020, held as part of the 22nd International Conference, HCI International 2020, which took place in Copenhagen, Denmark, in July 2020. The conference was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The total of 1439 papers and 238 posters have been accepted for publication in the HCII 2020 proceedings from a total of 6326 submissions. UAHCI 2020 includes a total of 80 regular papers which are organized in topical sections named: Design for All Theory, Methods and Practice; User Interfaces and Interaction Techniques for Universal Access; Web Accessibility; Virtual and Augmented Reality for Universal Access; Robots in Universal Access; Technologies for Autism Spectrum Disorders; Technologies for Deaf Users; Universal Access to Learning and Education; Social Media, Digital Services, Inclusion and Innovation; Intelligent Assistive Environments. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: A Prosodic Model of Sign Language Phonology Diane Brentari, 1998 Superior to any other book on the subject that I have seen. I can see it being used as a class text or reference for current theory in sign language phonology.Carol A. Padden, Department of Communication, University of California |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction Ipke Wachsmuth, Martin Fröhlich, 1998-04-15 This book presents the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of an International Workshop on Gesture and Sign Language in Human-Computer Interaction held in Bielefeld, Germany, in 1997. The book presents 25 revised papers together with two invited lectures. Recently, gesture and sign language have become key issues for advanced interface design in the humanization of computer interaction: AI, neural networks, pattern recognition, and agent techniques are having a significant impact on this area of research and development. The papers are organized in sections on semiotics for gesture movement, hidden Markov models, motion analysis and synthesis, multimodal interfaces, neural network methods, and applications. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Phonology of Shanghai Sign Language Jisheng Zhang, Yanhong Wu, Shengyun Gu, Feng Yang, Yin’er Zhu, Jeroen van de Weijer, 2024-09-02 Applying the framework of the Prosodic Model to naturalistic data, this book presents a systematic study of the phonological structure of Shanghai Sign Language (SHSL). It examines the handshape inventory of SHSL in terms of its underlying featural specifications, phonetic realization and phonological processes such as assimilation, epenthesis, deletion, coalescence, non-dominant hand spread and weak drop. The authors define the role of the prosodic hierarchy in SHSL and analyze the linguistic functions of non-manual markers. This systematic investigation not only contributes to our understanding of SHSL itself, but also informs typological research on sign languages in the world. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Insight Through Computer Graphics - Proceedings Of The Computer Graphics International 1994 (Cg194) Michael Gigante, Tosiyasu L Kunii, 1997-01-03 Computer graphics has been advancing to the level of creating completely new worlds inside computers. Through such computer graphics worlds, we human beings now have far improved insight into wide varieties of real worlds starting from fairly simple but exact worlds of curves and surfaces and reaching to complex human worlds. This volume presents a quite concrete and advanced methods, techniques, modeling and mathematical backgrounds which are indispensable in order to carry out end researches to increase insight through computer graphics. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Sign Language Jim G. Kyle, James Kyle, Bencie Woll, 1988-02-26 The discovery of the importance of sign language in the deaf community is very recent indeed. This book provides a study of the communication and culture of deaf people, and particularly of the deaf community in Britain. The authors' principal aim is to inform educators, psychologists, linguists and professionals working with deaf people about the rich language the deaf have developed for themselves - a language of movement and space, of the hands and of the eyes, of abstract communication as well as iconic story telling. The first chapters of the book discuss the history of sign language use, its social aspects and the issues surrounding the language acquisition of deaf children (BSL) follows, and the authors also consider how the signs come into existence, change over time and alter their meanings, and how BSL compares and contrasts with spoken languages and other signed languages. Subsequent chapters examine sign language learning from a psychological perspective and other cognitive issues. The book concludes with a consideration of the applications of sign language research, particularly in the contentious field of education. There is still much to be discovered about sign language and the deaf community, but the authors have succeeded in providing an extensive framework on which other researchers can build, from which professionals can develop a coherent practice for their work with deaf people, and from which hearing parents of deaf children can draw the confidence to understand their children's world. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: A Phonological Grammar of Kenyan Sign Language Hope E. Morgan, 2022-07-05 This grammar of Kenyan Sign Language (KSL) phonology adds to a sparse literature on the units of categorical form in the world’s sign languages. At the same time, it brings descriptive and theoretical research on sign language phonology into better alignment by systematically evaluating current models of sign language phonology for each of the main parameters – handshape, location, and movement – against the KSL data. This grammar also makes a methodological contribution by using a unique dataset of KSL minimal pairs in the analysis, demonstrating that minimal pairs are not as infrequent in sign languages as previously thought. The main content of the book is found in five chapters on handshape, location, core articulatory movement, manner of movement, and other distinctive features (e.g., orientation, mouth actions). The book also contains two large appendices that document the phonological evidence for each of the 44 handshapes and 37 locations. This book will be a key reference for descriptive and typological studies of sign phonology, as well as a helpful resource for linguists interested in understanding the similarities and differences between current models of sign phonology and identifying promising avenues for future research. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: ABC for Me: ABC Baby Signs Christiane Engel, 2017-10 This charming third installment in Engel's illustrated ABC series features 26 of the most common, simple baby signs including all done, more, and please to teach babies and toddlers basic ways to communicate with their hands before they can verbalize their needs. Full color. 9 x 9. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Comprehensive Reference Manual for Signers and Interpreters Cheryl M. Hoffman, 2009 A classic in sign language literature since its introduction over two decades ago, this updated and expanded sixth edition of Comprehensive Reference Manual for Signers and Interpreters contains almost seven thousand entries, including vocabulary and idioms, with cross-references and sign descriptions. It is intended primarily for interpreters, but it can also be used effectively by signers who have at least a working knowledge of sign language. This manual is employed most profitably when the user reads the entire sign description before manually executing the sign. Since it is written for th. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Random House Webster's Compact American Sign Language Dictionary Elaine Costello, Ph.D., 2008-06-10 The Random House Webster’s Compact American Sign Language Dictionary is a treasury of over 4,500 signs for the novice and experienced user alike. It includes complete descriptions of each sign, plus full-torso illustrations. There is also a subject index for easy reference as well as alternate signs for the same meaning. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Sign Language Among North American Indians Garrick Mallery, 2012-08-30 Fascinating, wide-ranging study describes and illustrates signs used for specific words, phrases, sentences, and even dialogues. Scores of diagrams show precise movements of body and hands for signing. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The Sign Language of the Mysteries John Sebastian Marlow Ward, 1928 |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: The American Sign Language Handshape Starter Richard A. Tennant, Marianne Gluszak Brown, 2002 Beginning signers can now improve their recognition of the most commonly used signs with this easy-to-follow handbook. Illustrates 800 common signs organized by topics including food, travel, family, sports and more. 800 illustrations. |
| 2 fingers on palm sign language: Advanced Sign Language Vocabulary; Raising Expectations Janet Renee Coleman, Elizabeth England Wolf, 2009 This new edition represents an updated collection of advanced sign language vocabulary facilitating enriched vocabulary development and elevated academic standards. This collection of signs reflects the vocabulary one would encounter in an educational or employment-related setting intended for use by educators, interpreters, parents, and anyone wishing to expand their sign language vocabulary. The signs have been collected from established base signs and initialized signs observed within the Deaf community. The signs are divided into academic categories with each sign clearly illustrated and movement described. This text is further enhanced by providing the conceptual origins of the signs to promote easy retention and an alphabetical index to help locate individual signs quickly. |
2 - Wikipedia
2 (two) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 1 and preceding 3. It is the smallest and the only even prime number. Because it forms the basis of a duality, it has …
2 Player Games - TwoPlayerGames.org
World's 2 player games platform. Daily updated best two player games in different categories are published for you.
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We offer all sorts of two-player games including 1 v 1 Fighting Games, work together in two-player Co-op Games, play with 2 or more players in our Board Games, play Basketball, Soccer, …
2 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2 (Two; / ˈ t uː / ) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the number after 1 and the number before 3 . In Roman numerals, it is II.
2 Player Games Play on CrazyGames
Our 2-player games include fierce sports games such as Basketball Stars, calm board games, and everything in between. Play the Best Online 2 Player Games for Free on CrazyGames, No …
2 (number) - New World Encyclopedia
2 (two) is a number, numeral, and glyph that represents the number. It is the natural number [1] that follows 1 and precedes 3. It is an integer and a cardinal number, that is, a number that is …
2 -- from Wolfram MathWorld
The number two (2) is the second positive integer and the first prime number. It is even, and is the only even prime (the primes other than 2 are called the odd primes). The number 2 is also …
2 - Wikipedia
2 (two) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 1 and preceding 3. It is the smallest and the only even prime number. Because it forms the basis of a duality, it has …
2 Player Games - TwoPlayerGames.org
World's 2 player games platform. Daily updated best two player games in different categories are published for you.
2 PLAYER GAMES - Play Online for Free! - Poki
We offer all sorts of two-player games including 1 v 1 Fighting Games, work together in two-player Co-op Games, play with 2 or more players in our Board Games, play Basketball, Soccer, …
2 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
2 (Two; / ˈ t uː / ) is a number, numeral, and glyph. It is the number after 1 and the number before 3 . In Roman numerals, it is II.
2 Player Games Play on CrazyGames
Our 2-player games include fierce sports games such as Basketball Stars, calm board games, and everything in between. Play the Best Online 2 Player Games for Free on CrazyGames, No …
2 (number) - New World Encyclopedia
2 (two) is a number, numeral, and glyph that represents the number. It is the natural number [1] that follows 1 and precedes 3. It is an integer and a cardinal number, that is, a number that is …
2 -- from Wolfram MathWorld
The number two (2) is the second positive integer and the first prime number. It is even, and is the only even prime (the primes other than 2 are called the odd primes). The number 2 is also …
