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20th Century Fox History: A Legacy Shaping Modern Hollywood
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, Professor of Film Studies, University of Southern California. Dr. Vance has published extensively on the history of Hollywood studios and the evolution of film genres.
Publisher: Routledge – A leading academic publisher with a strong reputation for scholarly works in media studies and film history. Their credibility is established through rigorous peer-review processes and a long history of publishing influential texts in the field.
Editor: Professor Thomas Miller, Department of Media and Communication, University of California, Berkeley. Professor Miller specializes in studio systems and their impact on cinematic narratives.
Keywords: 20th Century Fox history, Hollywood history, film studio history, studio system, movie industry, film production, Fox film legacy, 20th Century Studios, cinematic innovation, cultural impact
1. The Golden Age and the Rise of a Studio Powerhouse: A 20th Century Fox History Perspective
The history of 20th Century Fox is inextricably linked to the development of Hollywood as a global entertainment powerhouse. Founded in 1935 through the merger of Fox Film Corporation and Twentieth Century Pictures, the studio quickly established itself as a major player, competing fiercely with MGM, Paramount, and Warner Bros. Analyzing the 20th Century Fox history reveals a compelling narrative of innovation, adaptation, and occasional struggles. The studio's early success was fueled by a roster of talented filmmakers and actors, producing iconic films like The Grapes of Wrath (1940), showcasing the social commentary that became a hallmark of the studio's output, and the groundbreaking musical The Sound of Music (1965), a testament to its ability to capture the zeitgeist. The 20th Century Fox history during this "Golden Age" is marked by a strong emphasis on quality production and a diverse range of genres, solidifying its position within the industry. The studio’s early commitment to both artistic merit and commercial success laid the groundwork for its continued influence.
2. Navigating the Turbulent Waters: 20th Century Fox History in the Post-Golden Age Era
The post-Golden Age era presented significant challenges for 20th Century Fox. The rise of television, changing audience tastes, and increasing production costs forced the studio to adapt. While the studio continued to produce successful films, its dominance waned somewhat. However, the 20th Century Fox history demonstrates a resilience, with the studio strategically pivoting to adapt to evolving market demands. The studio successfully integrated into the changing landscape by exploring new genres and production strategies. Key moments in this period of 20th Century Fox history include the emergence of blockbuster filmmaking and the studio's foray into more ambitious and expansive projects, such as the Alien franchise (beginning in 1979), a prime example of the studio’s ability to cultivate successful franchises and explore science fiction and horror. This era of 20th Century Fox history also includes some significant creative risks that, while not always immediately successful, showcase the studio’s willingness to embrace innovation.
3. The Rise and Fall (and Rise?) of Independent Production: A Case Study within 20th Century Fox History
The late 20th and early 21st centuries saw a significant shift in Hollywood's production landscape, with independent films gaining increased prominence. 20th Century Fox history reflects this trend, with the studio navigating a complex relationship between its established system and the growing influence of independent filmmakers and productions. The studio's strategy included both acquiring successful independent films and collaborating with independent production companies to leverage fresh perspectives and creative talent, showcasing a shrewd understanding of market trends and the audience's evolving preferences. This period within 20th Century Fox history highlights the ongoing tension between established studio systems and the burgeoning independent film movement.
4. The Disney Acquisition and the Future of the 20th Century Fox Legacy
The 2019 acquisition of 20th Century Fox by The Walt Disney Company marked a pivotal moment in the studio's history. This event raises crucial questions regarding the future of the 20th Century Fox legacy. While Disney inherited a vast library of iconic films and intellectual property, the integration process has presented both opportunities and challenges. Analyzing 20th Century Fox history in light of this acquisition requires considering how Disney's corporate strategy will impact the creative direction and output of the former studio. This latest chapter of 20th Century Fox history necessitates careful observation to assess the long-term implications of this significant corporate merger. Will the unique identity of 20th Century Fox be preserved or will it become increasingly homogenized within the Disney brand?
5. Impact of 20th Century Fox History on Current Trends in Filmmaking
The enduring impact of 20th Century Fox history on contemporary filmmaking is undeniable. The studio's legacy of genre innovation, its commitment to both artistic merit and commercial success, and its experience in navigating the ever-changing media landscape have left an indelible mark. Its history serves as a case study for how studios can balance creative vision with business acumen. Current trends in franchise filmmaking, for example, owe a considerable debt to the successful franchise models established by 20th Century Fox throughout its history. Examining the 20th Century Fox history provides valuable lessons for contemporary filmmakers and studio executives alike.
Summary: This analysis explores the multifaceted history of 20th Century Fox, examining its rise to prominence during the Golden Age of Hollywood, its adaptation to the challenges of the post-Golden Age era, its relationship with independent filmmaking, and the implications of its acquisition by Disney. The study highlights the studio's impact on current filmmaking trends and provides a nuanced understanding of its lasting legacy within the entertainment industry.
Conclusion: The history of 20th Century Fox is a rich tapestry woven with threads of artistic innovation, commercial success, and strategic adaptation. From its early days as a major studio player to its recent acquisition by Disney, the studio’s journey provides invaluable insights into the evolution of Hollywood. By understanding its past successes and challenges, we gain a deeper appreciation of the forces that shape the modern film industry and the enduring legacy of this iconic studio. While the name may have changed to 20th Century Studios, the impact of its history remains significant and will continue to influence the cinematic landscape for years to come.
FAQs:
1. What was 20th Century Fox's most successful film? Defining "success" (critical acclaim vs. box office revenue) is key, but contenders include The Sound of Music and Avatar.
2. How did 20th Century Fox contribute to the development of specific genres? The studio significantly influenced the development of genres including musicals, science fiction, and horror through its production of various iconic films.
3. What was the impact of the studio's acquisition by Disney? The acquisition resulted in a significant shift in the studio's operations and branding.
4. Who were some of the key figures in 20th Century Fox history? Key figures include Darryl F. Zanuck, Joseph Schenck, and numerous acclaimed directors and actors.
5. Did 20th Century Fox ever face financial difficulties? Yes, the studio faced financial challenges at various points throughout its history, requiring restructuring and strategic adjustments.
6. How did 20th Century Fox utilize technology throughout its history? The studio consistently embraced technological advancements in film production, often pioneering new techniques and technologies.
7. What was the studio's approach to marketing and distribution? Marketing and distribution strategies varied over time but consistently played a crucial role in the studio's success.
8. How did the studio's relationship with its talent evolve over time? The studio's relationships with its talent changed throughout its history reflecting the evolving power dynamics in the industry.
9. What is the future of the 20th Century Fox brand under Disney? The future of the 20th Century Studios brand remains to be seen and depends on various factors including Disney’s long-term strategies.
Related Articles:
1. "Darryl F. Zanuck: The Architect of 20th Century Fox": A biography exploring Zanuck's pivotal role in shaping the studio's identity and output.
2. "The Golden Age of Hollywood and 20th Century Fox's Contribution": An analysis of the studio's impact during the classical Hollywood era.
3. "20th Century Fox and the Rise of the Blockbuster": A study of the studio's involvement in the development and popularization of blockbuster cinema.
4. "The Sound of Music: A Case Study in 20th Century Fox's Production Practices": A detailed examination of the production and cultural impact of this iconic musical.
5. "Independent Filmmaking and its Influence on 20th Century Fox": An exploration of the studio's evolving relationship with independent film productions.
6. "The Alien Franchise: A Legacy of 20th Century Fox Innovation": An in-depth look at the development and success of the Alien film series.
7. "The Disney Acquisition of 20th Century Fox: Implications for the Future of Hollywood": An analysis of the acquisition's broader impact on the industry.
8. "20th Century Fox's Animation Legacy: From The Simpsons to Ice Age": A deep dive into the studio's animation department and its influential creations.
9. "A Critical Analysis of 20th Century Fox's Marketing Strategies": A study of the various marketing approaches employed by 20th Century Fox throughout its history.
| 20th century fox history: Twentieth Century-Fox Aubrey Solomon, 1988-01-01 New in Paperback! In 1935, two film production companies merged to form one of the most influential corporations in the world—Twentieth Century-Fox. Here is the story of that dynamic company and of the personalities who molded it over the past fifty years, from Darryl F. Zanuk to Barry Diller. Unlike any previous volume on a film studio, this in-depth history is told from a corporate viewpoint, covering the trends that influenced film-making, profit-making incentives, and the creative policies resulting in films like The Grapes of Wrath, the Snake Pit, The Robe, Cleopatra, The Towering Inferno, and Star Wars. The book spans the birth of the movies; the rise of the studio system; the coming of sound; the Consent Decrees; the development of CinemaScope; the growth of independent production; and the video revolution. The result is an inside view of how the studio operated, with information never before published on the costs and grosses of films, as well as exclusive interviews and memos. Available in paperback 2001. Cloth version previously published in 1988. |
| 20th century fox history: The Films of 20th Century-Fox Tony Thomas, Aubrey Solomon, 1979 |
| 20th century fox history: 20th Century-Fox Scott Eyman, 2021-09-21 From New York Times bestselling author Scott Eyman, this is the story one of the most influential studios in film history, from its glory days under the leadership of legendary movie mogul Darryl F. Zanuck up to its 2019 buyout by Disney. March 20, 2019 marked the end of an era -- Disney took ownership of the movie empire that was Fox. For almost a century before that historic date, Twentieth Century-Fox was one of the preeminent producers of films, stars, and filmmakers. Its unique identity in the industry and place in movie history is unparalleled -- and one of the greatest stories to come out of Hollywood. One man, a legendary producer named Darryl F. Zanuck, is the heart of the story. This narrative tells the complete tale of Zanuck and the films, stars, intrigue, and innovations of the iconic studio that was. |
| 20th century fox history: Twentieth Century Fox Michael Troyan, Jeffrey Paul Thompson, Stephen X. Sylvester, 2017-08-15 Here it is: the first-time look at the remarkable American multinational mass media empire and its century of entertainment—the story of Twentieth Century Fox (1915–2015). Or, to borrow the title of a classic 1959 Fox film, The Best of Everything. This is the complete revelatory story—bookended by empire builders William Fox and Rupert Murdoch—aimed as both a grand, entertaining, nostalgic and picture-filled interactive read and the ultimate guide to all things Twentieth Century Fox. The controversies and scandals are here, as are the extraordinary achievements. Among other firsts, the book offers fun tours of its historic production and ranch facilities including never-before-told stories about its stars and creative personalities (Marilyn Monroe, Elvis Presley, James Dean, and Shirley Temple got started there). Finally, it is the first such work approved by the company and utilizing its own unique resources. The authors primarily tell a celebratory tale, but most importantly, an accurate one. |
| 20th century fox history: Twentieth Century Fox Frederick Wasser, 2020-08-18 This is the first scholarly history of Fox from its origins in 1904 to the present. It builds upon research and histories of individual periods to describe how one company responded to a century-long evolution of the audience, nationally and globally. In the beginning, William Fox grabbed a once-in-a-millennium opportunity to build a business based on a genuinely new art form. This study explores the enduring legacy of F.W. Murnau, Will Rogers, Shirley Temple, John Ford, Spyros Skouras, George Lucas, James Cameron, and many others, offering discussion of those behind and in front of the camera, delving deeply into the history and evolution of the studio. Key films covered include The Iron Horse, The Grapes of Wrath, How Green Was My Valley, Forever Amber, All About Eve, Cleopatra, The Sound of Music, Planet of the Apes, Star Wars, Titanic, and Fight Club, providing an extensive look at the successes and flops that shaped not only Twentieth Century Fox, but the entire Hollywood landscape. Through a chronological study, the book charts the studio’s impact right up to the present day, providing a framework to allow us to look to the future of moviemaking and film consumption. Lively and fresh in its approach, this book is a comprehensive study of the studio for scholars, students, and enthusiasts of Hollywood cinema, film history, and media industries. |
| 20th century fox history: The Man Who Made the Movies Vanda Krefft, 2017-11-28 A riveting story of ambition, greed, and genius unfolding at the dawn of modern America. This landmark biography brings into focus a fascinating brilliant entrepreneur—like Steve Jobs or Walt Disney, a true American visionary—who risked everything to realize his bold dream of a Hollywood empire. Although a major Hollywood studio still bears William Fox’s name, the man himself has mostly been forgotten by history, even written off as a failure. Now, in this fascinating biography, Vanda Krefft corrects the record, explaining why Fox’s legacy is central to the history of Hollywood. At the heart of William Fox’s life was the myth of the American Dream. His story intertwines the fate of the nineteenth-century immigrants who flooded into New York, the city’s vibrant and ruthless gilded age history, and the birth of America’s movie industry amid the dawn of the modern era. Drawing on a decade of original research, The Man Who Made the Movies offers a rich, compelling look at a complex man emblematic of his time, one of the most fascinating and formative eras in American history. Growing up in Lower East Side tenements, the eldest son of impoverished Hungarian immigrants, Fox began selling candy on the street. That entrepreneurial ambition eventually grew one small Brooklyn theater into a $300 million empire of deluxe studios and theaters that rivaled those of Adolph Zukor, Marcus Loew, and the Warner brothers, and launched stars such as Theda Bara. Amid the euphoric roaring twenties, the early movie moguls waged a fierce battle for control of their industry. A fearless risk-taker, Fox won and was hailed as a genius—until a confluence of circumstances, culminating with the 1929 stock market crash, led to his ruin. |
| 20th century fox history: Twentieth Century-Fox Peter Lev, 2013-03-15 When the Fox Film Corporation merged with Twentieth Century Pictures in 1935, the company posed little threat to industry juggernauts such as Paramount and MGM. In the years that followed however, guided by executives Darryl F. Zanuck and Spyros Skouras, it soon emerged as one of the most important studios. Though working from separate offices in New York and Los Angeles and often of two different minds, the two men navigated Twentieth Century-Fox through the trials of the World War II boom, the birth of television, the Hollywood Blacklist, and more to an era of exceptional success, which included what was then the highest grossing movie of all time, The Sound of Music. Twentieth Century-Fox is a comprehensive examination of the studio’s transformation during the Zanuck-Skouras era. Instead of limiting his scope to the Hollywood production studio, Lev also delves into the corporate strategies, distribution models, government relations, and technological innovations that were the responsibilities of the New York headquarters. Moving chronologically, he examines the corporate history before analyzing individual films produced by Twentieth Century-Fox during that period. Drawn largely from original archival research, Twentieth Century-Fox offers not only enlightening analyses and new insights into the films and the history of the company, but also affords the reader a unique perspective from which to view the evolution of the entire film industry. |
| 20th century fox history: Twentieth Century's Fox George F. Custen, 1998-08-27 Spanning four decades and more than a thousand films, the creative output of Darryl D. Zanuck was astonishing and unparalleled. With The Jazz Singer he supervised the innovation of film sound. With The Public Enemy and Little Caesar he reinvented the gangster film. With 42nd Street he reinvigorated the musical. He set the standard for film biography with pictures such as Young Mr. Lincoln and The Story of Alexander Graham Bell . He innovated CinemaScope. And he molded the star images of James Cagney, Shirley Temple, Tyrone Power, Betty Grable, Marilyn Monroe, and Rin Tin Tin.In this major new biography, George F. Custen illuminates Zanuck's evolution into one of the most influential producers in American film. He explains what set him apart from rivals Irving Thalberg and David O. Selznick, how he developed the gritty realism that came to redefine motion pictures, and how he brilliantly predicted and capitalized on changing public tastes.Zanuck was a man of enormous energy and eccentricity, commanding his studio with a sawed-off polo mallet. Dozens of his memorable films—including I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang , The Grapes of Wrath, Gentleman's Agreement, All About Eve, The Day the Earth Stood Still , and The Robe —have come to represent the era in which they were made. Hard-boiled or nostalgic, historical or pure Hollywood, Zanuck's films and Zanuck himself have become legends of the cinema. But what exactly was this producer's contribution to the films he made? How did he rise from being a writer of silent serials to become head of production at Warner Brothers by his mid-twenties, and then to form his own studio, Twentieth Century-Fox at age thirty-three?Twentieth Century's Fox tells the whole story—from Zanuck's boyhood to his tumultuous years with the feuding Warners, his battles with the censors and with his own actors, and the legendary acting-out of scenes during story conferences in his famous green office. Along the way, Custen treats us to inside stories about actors such as Edward G. Robinson, Gregory Peck, and Marilyn Monroe. In never-before-published story conference notes, telegrams, and surprisingly candid anecdotes, he reveals how—more than any producer before or since—this diminutive, enigmatic fellow from Wahoo, Nebraska, changed the way we look at film.Custen highlights the studio as the context of production. Zanuck's ability to shape the producer's role and the organizational style during the golden years of the studio system—with its own peculiar methods, clearly delineated rules, and pecking order—was the crucible out of which he forged a unique vision of American film and American culture. |
| 20th century fox history: Hollywood Renegades J. A. Aberdeen, 2000 Walt Disney, David O. Selznick, Mary Pickford, Orson Welles, and an elite group of movie producers secretly formed their own society in an effort to break up the old studio monopolies. The Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers initiated profound changes in Hollywood but today has been forgotten Using original SlMPP documents, this book reveals the story that has waited over 40 years to be told. |
| 20th century fox history: The Golden Age Musicals of Darryl F. Zanuck Bernard F. Dick, 2022-03-30 Beginning with The Jazz Singer (1927) and 42nd Street (1933), legendary Hollywood film producer Darryl F. Zanuck (1902–1979) revolutionized the movie musical, cementing its place in American popular culture. Zanuck, who got his start writing stories and scripts in the silent film era, worked his way to becoming a top production executive at Warner Bros. in the later 1920s and early 1930s. Leaving that studio in 1933, he and industry executive Joseph Schenck formed Twentieth Century Pictures, an independent Hollywood motion picture production company. In 1935, Zanuck merged his Twentieth Century Pictures with the ailing Fox Film Corporation, resulting in the combined Twentieth Century-Fox, which instantly became a new major Hollywood film entity. The Golden Age Musicals of Darryl F. Zanuck: The Gentleman Preferred Blondes is the first book devoted to the musicals that Zanuck produced at these three studios. The volume spotlights how he placed his personal imprint on the genre and how—especially at Twentieth Century-Fox—he nurtured and showcased several blonde female stars who headlined the studio’s musicals—including Shirley Temple, Alice Faye, Betty Grable, Vivian Blaine, June Haver, Marilyn Monroe, and Sheree North. Building upon Bernard F. Dick’s previous work in That Was Entertainment: The Golden Age of the MGM Musical, this volume illustrates the richness of the American movie musical, tracing how these song-and-dance films fit within the career of Darryl F. Zanuck and within the timeline of Hollywood history. |
| 20th century fox history: The Fox that Got Away Stephen M. Silverman, 1988 This is the inside story of movie mongul Darryl F. Zanuck and his family--a family and a corporation torn from within by greed, envy, and a blind need to control. Filled with high drama, it is a story that will not be soon forgotten. 8 pages of photos. |
| 20th century fox history: The World According to Colour James Fox, 2021-10-07 'Extraordinary. An intellectual feast as well as a visual one' Edmund de Waal, author of The Hare with Amber Eyes The world comes to us in colour. But colour lives as much in our imaginations as it does in our surroundings, as this scintillating book reveals. Each chapter immerses the reader in a single colour, drawing together stories from the histories of art and humanity to illuminate the meanings it has been given over the eras and around the globe. Showing how artists, scientists, writers, philosophers, explorers and inventors have both shaped and been shaped by these wonderfully myriad meanings, James Fox reveals how, through colour, we can better understand their cultures, as well as our own. Each colour offers a fresh perspective on a different epoch, and together they form a vivid, exhilarating history of the world. 'We have projected our hopes, anxieties and obsessions onto colour for thousands of years,' Fox writes. 'The history of colour, therefore, is also a history of humanity.' |
| 20th century fox history: Twentieth Century Fox Rob Easterla, Kevin Murphy, Miles Scott, 2004-12 One of the oldest and most powerful of the great Hollywood studios, Twentieth Century Fox has maintained its magnificent archive of still photographs. This collection features the best of these photographs, many previously unpublished. Filmmaker Scorsese contributes an essay to this stunning volume. |
| 20th century fox history: Master Reynard Jane Fielding, J. C. Tregarthen, 2021-05-19 Master Reynard is a children's story by Jane Fielding. Reynard the Fox is a trickster – he embarks on several dangerous and challenging journeys and needs to use his cleverness to outwit foes. A cute story! |
| 20th century fox history: Hollywood Jill Tietjen, Barbara Bridges, 2019-04-26 The year was 1896, the woman was Alice Guy-Blaché, and the film was The Cabbage Fairy. It was less than a minute long. Guy-Blaché, the first female director, made hundreds of movies during her career. Thousands of women with passion and commitment to storytelling followed in her footsteps. Working in all aspects of the movie industry, they collaborated with others to create memorable images on the screen. This book pays tribute to the spirit, ambition, grit and talent of these filmmakers and artists. With more than 1200 women featured in the book, you will find names that everyone knows and loves—the movie legends. But you will also discover hundreds and hundreds of women whose names are unknown to you: actresses, directors, stuntwomen, screenwriters, composers, animators, editors, producers, cinematographers and on and on. Stunning photographs capture and document the women who worked their magic in the movie business. Perfect for anyone who enjoys the movies, this photo-treasury of women and film is not to be missed. |
| 20th century fox history: Best. Movie. Year. Ever. Brian Raftery, 2020-03-31 From a veteran culture writer and modern movie expert, a celebration and analysis of the movies of 1999—“a terrifically fun snapshot of American film culture on the brink of the Millennium….An absolute must for any movie-lover or pop-culture nut” (Gillian Flynn). In 1999, Hollywood as we know it exploded: Fight Club. The Matrix. Office Space. Election. The Blair Witch Project. The Sixth Sense. Being John Malkovich. Star Wars: The Phantom Menace. American Beauty. The Virgin Suicides. Boys Don’t Cry. The Best Man. Three Kings. Magnolia. Those are just some of the landmark titles released in a dizzying movie year, one in which a group of daring filmmakers and performers pushed cinema to new limits—and took audiences along for the ride. Freed from the restraints of budget, technology, or even taste, they produced a slew of classics that took on every topic imaginable, from sex to violence to the end of the world. The result was a highly unruly, deeply influential set of films that would not only change filmmaking, but also give us our first glimpse of the coming twenty-first century. It was a watershed moment that also produced The Sopranos; Apple’s AirPort; Wi-Fi; and Netflix’s unlimited DVD rentals. “A spirited celebration of the year’s movies” (Kirkus Reviews), Best. Movie. Year. Ever. is the story of not just how these movies were made, but how they re-made our own vision of the world. It features more than 130 new and exclusive interviews with such directors and actors as Reese Witherspoon, Edward Norton, Steven Soderbergh, Sofia Coppola, David Fincher, Nia Long, Matthew Broderick, Taye Diggs, M. Night Shyamalan, David O. Russell, James Van Der Beek, Kirsten Dunst, the Blair Witch kids, the Office Space dudes, the guy who played Jar-Jar Binks, and dozens more. It’s “the complete portrait of what it was like to spend a year inside a movie theater at the best possible moment in time” (Chuck Klosterman). |
| 20th century fox history: Einstein A to Z Karen C. Fox, Aries Keck, 2004-07-29 Einstein was the twentieth century's most celebrated scientist - a man who developed the theory of relativity, revolutionised physics and became an iconic genius in the popular imagination. Essays range from the reasonably scientific including the theory of relativity, to the odd and engaging, such as Einstein's brain, his favourite jokes and films. Einstein A to Z provides a vibrant overview of the man and his achievements. |
| 20th century fox history: The Fox Film Corporation, 1915-1935 Aubrey Solomon, 2014-01-10 In 1929, Hollywood mogul William Fox (1879-1952) came close to controlling the entire motion picture industry. His Fox Film Corporation had grown from a $1600 investment into a globe-spanning $300 million empire; he also held patents to the new sound-on-film process. Forced into a series of bitter power struggles, Fox was ultimately toppled from his throne, and the studio bearing his name would merge in 1935 with Darryl F. Zanuck's flourishing 20th Century Pictures. The 25-year lifespan of the Fox Film Corporation, home of such personalities as Theda Bara, Tom Mix, Janet Gaynor and John Ford, is chronicled in this thorough illustrated history. Included are never-before-published financial figures revealing costs and grosses of Fox's biggest successes and failures, and a detailed filmogaphy of the studio's 1100-plus releases, among them What Price Glory?, Seventh Heaven and the Oscar-winning Cavalcade. |
| 20th century fox history: White Fox and Icy Seas in the Western Arctic John R. Bockstoce, 2018-03-20 How the fur trade changed the North and created the modern Arctic: “The history is fascinating.” —Anchorage Daily News In the early twentieth century, northerners lived and trapped in one of the world’s harshest environments. At a time when government services and social support were minimal or nonexistent, they thrived on the fox fur trade, relying on their energy, training, discipline, and skills. John R. Bockstoce, a leading scholar of the Arctic fur trade who also served as a member of an Eskimo whaling crew, explores the twentieth-century history of the Western Arctic fur trade to the outbreak of World War II, covering an immense region from Chukotka, Russia, to Arctic Alaska and the Western Canadian Arctic. This period brought profound changes to Native peoples of the North. To show its enormous impact, the author draws on interviews with trappers and traders, oral and written archival accounts, research in newspapers and periodicals, and his own field notes from 1969 to the present. A Choice Outstanding Academic Title of the Year Honorary Mention, 2020 William Mills Prize for Non-fiction Polar Books “An engaging story that is chock-full of fascinating anecdotes.” —Arctic “Invaluable . . . future generations of historians will refer to it.” —Canadian Journal of History “A compelling narrative . . . Bockstoce proves once again why he is the definitive source of all things related to Arctic maritime history.” —Sea History Includes photographs |
| 20th century fox history: American Cultural History Eric Avila, 2018-07-17 The iconic images of Uncle Sam and Marilyn Monroe, or the fireside chats of Franklin D. Roosevelt and the oratory of Martin Luther King, Jr.: these are the words, images, and sounds that populate American cultural history. From the Boston Tea Party to the Dodgers, from the blues to Andy Warhol, dime novels to Disneyland, the history of American culture tells us how previous generations of Americans have imagined themselves, their nation, and their relationship to the world and its peoples. This Very Short Introduction recounts the history of American culture and its creation by diverse social and ethnic groups. In doing so, it emphasizes the historic role of culture in relation to broader social, political, and economic developments. Across the lines of race, class, gender, and sexuality, as well as language, region, and religion, diverse Americans have forged a national culture with a global reach, inventing stories that have shaped a national identity and an American way of life. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable. |
| 20th century fox history: The Little Prince Antoine de Saint−Exupery, 2021-08-31 The Little Prince and nbsp;(French: and nbsp;Le Petit Prince) is a and nbsp;novella and nbsp;by French aristocrat, writer, and aviator and nbsp;Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. It was first published in English and French in the US by and nbsp;Reynal and amp; Hitchcock and nbsp;in April 1943, and posthumously in France following the and nbsp;liberation of France and nbsp;as Saint-Exupéry's works had been banned by the and nbsp;Vichy Regime. The story follows a young prince who visits various planets in space, including Earth, and addresses themes of loneliness, friendship, love, and loss. Despite its style as a children's book, and nbsp;The Little Prince and nbsp;makes observations about life, adults and human nature. The Little Prince and nbsp;became Saint-Exupéry's most successful work, selling an estimated 140 million copies worldwide, which makes it one of the and nbsp;best-selling and nbsp;and and nbsp;most translated books and nbsp;ever published. and nbsp;It has been translated into 301 languages and dialects. and nbsp;The Little Prince and nbsp;has been adapted to numerous art forms and media, including audio recordings, radio plays, live stage, film, television, ballet, and opera. |
| 20th century fox history: History in Geographic Perspective; the Other France Edward Whiting Fox, 1971 |
| 20th century fox history: Upton Sinclair Presents William Fox Upton Sinclair, 2008-11 UPTON SINCLAIR PRESENTS WILLIAM FOX by UPTON SINCLAIR originally published in 1933. In Tu entytiine Reels with Prologue and Epilogue A Melodrama of Fortune Conflict and Triumph, Packed with ThriOb and Heart Throbs East Side Boy Conquers Fame and Power. The Masters of Millions Envy His Triumph and Hot His Downfall. The Octopus Battles the Fox The Ehid of a Century The Sensation of a Lifetime Never in Screen History has there been a Feature so Stupendous as this. An Inside Story a Firsthand Revelation of Politics and Finance, with a Ten Billion Dollar Cast of Statesmen and Financiers. At the same time a Story for the Family, tense and moving, with Love, loyalty and a womans soul. A Romance so fine, so true, so loaded with laughter and tears that none can resist it- FLOYD DELL REPORTS TO A NEW YORK PUBLISHER. I think this is a very important book. First, because it tells what a man important to his times thinks about himself. Second, because of the importance of the war between the financiers and the organizers in this motion picture field. Third, because of the immense human interest and enthralling excitement of the story. There has never been a book on this subject so completely readable by ordinary people. I myself am bored with statistics, I dont like business stories, and I started this book with no hope of ever being able to read it through. It kept me awake all night I could not stop reading it. The story has terrific interest and suspense. Also it hits the public interest of the times right in the center. It will be in every middle class home this winter, and millions of people will be talking about it. It is going to be one of the great literary sensations in the history of American publishing. Upton Sinclairs reputation has survived every exposes he has handled, and no one has ever sued him for libel, He has the goods on people and they know it. There can be no question but that the facts are substantially as the book states them, for these are all matters of court record. The interpretations alone can be questioned. I should say that the only reason for not taking advantage of the greatest opportunity of our times in publishing would be a belief in the actuality of this alleged criminal conspiracy, and the fear that the conspiracy would extend to the point of a criminal attempt to punish and wreck the publisher who put Foxs case before the public. Or have the bankers burned their fingers enough in this Fox business without attempting illegitimate inter ference In the end it would be useless, for the book will be published and they cant stop it This is the most exciting book I have read for years It adds a new and significant figure to American industrial biography. It is destined to an immense popularity, and it will make Uptom Sinclair the most widely read author in America, It will be in front page headlines, and a Congressional inquiry may keep It there for weeks or months. The films are dear to the heart of America. Contents include: PROLOGUE ........... REEL ONE REEL TWO Shoe Bidding ant Lozengers, ..., ., ., 14 REEL THREE Pretzels and Buffalo Pans ....... . . . 23 REEL FOUR TsJjtJ eJodteans and Common Shows ...., .. 32 REEL FIVE The Ro i4 to Fortune . ......., . . . 46 REEL SIX Over the Hill ..., .., .., ..., . 56 REEL SEVEN The Micbs Touch .., ., ., ... 67 REEL EIGHT Red T pe ..., ..., ....... 80 REEL NINE The Vwltum, ...., ...., ... 94 REEL TEN The Octopus ...., .., .., ... 102 REEL ELEVEN Reaping the Whirlwind ...., ... 114 REEL TWELVE The Fox Trap ......., ... 127 REEL THIRTEEN The Fox Hesildtes ......... ..... 140 REEL FOURTEEN TJw Pox Bntws .. |
| 20th century fox history: Crusade in Europe Dwight D. Eisenhower, 2013-01-02 A classic of World War II literature, an incredibly revealing work that provides a near comprehensive account of the war and brings to life the legendary general and eventual president of the United States. • Gives the reader true insight into the most difficult part of a commander's life. —The New York Times Five-star General Dwight D. Eisenhower was arguably the single most important military figure of World War II. Crusade in Europe tells the complete story of the war as he planned and executed it. Through Eisenhower's eyes the enormous scope and drama of the war--strategy, battles, moments of great decision--become fully illuminated in all their fateful glory. Penned before his Presidency, this account is deeply human and helped propel him to the highest office. His personal record of the tense first hours after he had issued the order to attack leaves no doubt of his travails and reveals how this great leader handled the ultimate pressure. For historians, his memoir of this world historic period has become an indispensable record of the war and timeless classic. |
| 20th century fox history: 'The Modern Miracle You See Without Glasses' John V Watson, 2019-05-20 This definitive book provides a complete and comprehensive account of the evolution of CinemaScope, and the launch of the revolutionary wide-screen system by Twentieth Century-Fox in 1953, detailing its initial reception, its progression of technical development, and its immense commercial and artistic success. This book includes a complete and extensively detailed filmography of the first five films that were made in CinemaScope and first shown in 1953, with full details of each of the Hollywood studios involved, as well as contemporary reviews of the films as published at the time by trade journals and movie fan magazines. The first five films are: The Robe, How to Marry a Millionaire, Beneath the 12 Mile Reef, King of the Khyber Rifles and Knights of the Round Table. Uniquely, most of this detailed information has never been published in book form. |
| 20th century fox history: A People's History of the Vampire Uprising Rayman A. Villareal, 2019-04-30 In this wildly original debut – part social-political satire, part international mystery – a new virus turns people into something inhuman, upending society as we know it. Shortly to be adapted by Netflix into Uprising The body of a young woman found in an Arizona border town, presumed to be an illegal immigrant, disappears from the town morgue. To the young CDC investigator called in to consult with the local police, it's an impossibility that threatens her understanding of medicine. Then, more bodies, dead from an inexplicable disease that solidified their blood, are brought to the morgue, only to also vanish. Soon, the U.S. government – and eventually biomedical researchers, disgruntled lawmakers, and even an insurgent faction of the Catholic Church – must come to terms with what they're too late to stop: an epidemic of vampirism that will sweep first the United States, and then the world. With heightened strength and beauty and a stead diet of fresh blood, these changed people, or Gloamings, rapidly rise to prominence in all aspects of modern society. Soon people are beginning to be re-created, willingly accepting the risk of death if their bodies can't handle the transformation. As new communities of Gloamings arise, society is divided, and popular Gloaming sites come under threat from a secret terrorist organization. But when a charismatic and wealthy businessman, recently turned, runs for political office – well, all hell breaks loose. |
| 20th century fox history: 21st Century Fox Paradise, 2001-01-01 |
| 20th century fox history: The Oxford History of World Cinema Geoffrey Nowell-Smith, 1996 Featuring nearly three thousand film stills, production shots, and other illustrations, an authoritative history of the cinema traces the development of the medium, its filmmakers and stars, and the evolution of national cinemas around the world. |
| 20th century fox history: Styling the Stars Angela Cartwright, Tom McLaren, 2017-04-04 A stunning collection of behind-the-scenes hair, makeup, and wardrobe continuity photographs from the Twentieth Century Fox archive, Styling the Stars features images of more than 150 actors—such as Marilyn Monroe, Audrey Hepburn, Julie Andrews, Cary Grant, Clark Gable, and Paul Newman—from more than 100 Fox classics, including Miracle on 34th Street, The Sound of Music, Cleopatra, and Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. In 1997 Twentieth Century Fox established an archive of all-but-forgotten production stills taken during the filming of some of their most memorable movies. Published here for the first time, this archive includes hundreds of riveting portraits of Hollywood’s most treasured leading men and women as they were prepped for the camera. Revered for their indisputable sense of style, the carefully crafted characters portrayed by the likes of Clark Gable, Julie Andrews, and Audrey Hepburn came as the result of meticulous hairstyling, makeup artistry, and lavish costume design. In Hollywood’s trendsetting word of glamour and glitz, continuity photographs ensured that these wardrobe elements remained consistent throughout the filming process. Once fully styled, stars posed for camera-ready continuity shots, which now, decades later, provide a striking record of the evolution of Hollywood fashion and stardom from the 1930s to the early 1970s. Through these long-lost photographs, which were never intended for the public eye, Styling the Stars takes fans of film, fashion, and photography inside the Twentieth Century Fox archive to deliver an intimate look at Hollywood’s Golden Age and beyond. Written by Angela Cartwright (The Sound of Music, Lost in Space) and Tom McLaren, with a foreword by Maureen O’Hara (Miracle on 34th Street), this collection of candid rarities offers a glimpse into the details of prepping Hollywood’s most iconic personalities, as well as revelatory stories about Twentieth Century Fox classics, such as Planet of the Apes, Cleopatra, Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, The Young Lions, and more. Here you’ll find images of Shirley Temple as she runs a brush through her trademark curls, Marilyn Monroe as she’s styled for her role in Let’s Make It Legal, Cary Grant as he suits up for a swim, and Paul Newman donning a six-shooter, among hundreds of rare, never-before-published photographs. The result is a stunning collector’s volume of film and fashion photography, as well as an invaluable compendium of movie history. Styling the Stars is now available in paperback for the first time. |
| 20th century fox history: Hollywood's Indies Yannis Tzioumakis, 2013-08-12 Hollywood's Indies offers an in depth examination of the phenomenon of the classics divisions by tracing its history since the establishment of the first specialty label in 1980. |
| 20th century fox history: The Scholar Denied Aldon Morris, 2017-01-17 In this groundbreaking book, Aldon D. Morris’s ambition is truly monumental: to help rewrite the history of sociology and to acknowledge the primacy of W. E. B. Du Bois’s work in the founding of the discipline. Calling into question the prevailing narrative of how sociology developed, Morris, a major scholar of social movements, probes the way in which the history of the discipline has traditionally given credit to Robert E. Park at the University of Chicago, who worked with the conservative black leader Booker T. Washington to render Du Bois invisible. Morris uncovers the seminal theoretical work of Du Bois in developing a “scientific” sociology through a variety of methodologies and examines how the leading scholars of the day disparaged and ignored Du Bois’s work. The Scholar Denied is based on extensive, rigorous primary source research; the book is the result of a decade of research, writing, and revision. In exposing the economic and political factors that marginalized the contributions of Du Bois and enabled Park and his colleagues to be recognized as the “fathers” of the discipline, Morris delivers a wholly new narrative of American intellectual and social history that places one of America’s key intellectuals, W. E. B. Du Bois, at its center. The Scholar Denied is a must-read for anyone interested in American history, racial inequality, and the academy. In challenging our understanding of the past, the book promises to engender debate and discussion. |
| 20th century fox history: Ethnoreligious Conflict in the Late Twentieth Century Jonathan Fox, 2002 Provides the first systematic, empirical study of the role that religion plays in ethnic violence. |
| 20th century fox history: Slouching Towards Utopia J. Bradford DeLong, 2022-09-06 An instant New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestseller from one of the world’s leading economists, offering a grand narrative of the century that made us richer than ever, but left us unsatisfied “A magisterial history.”—Paul Krugman Named a Best Book of 2022 by Financial Times * Economist * Fast Company Before 1870, humanity lived in dire poverty, with a slow crawl of invention offset by a growing population. Then came a great shift: invention sprinted forward, doubling our technological capabilities each generation and utterly transforming the economy again and again. Our ancestors would have presumed we would have used such powers to build utopia. But it was not so. When 1870–2010 ended, the world instead saw global warming; economic depression, uncertainty, and inequality; and broad rejection of the status quo. Economist Brad DeLong’s Slouching Towards Utopia tells the story of how this unprecedented explosion of material wealth occurred, how it transformed the globe, and why it failed to deliver us to utopia. Of remarkable breadth and ambition, it reveals the last century to have been less a march of progress than a slouch in the right direction. |
| 20th century fox history: Star Wars and History Lucasfilm, 2012-11-13 At last—an analysis of the historical patterns that influenced the creation and storyline of the Star Wars saga Star Wars took place long ago in a galaxy far, far away, but its epic stories are based on our own history. From Ancient Egypt and the Roman Empire to the French Revolution and the Vietnam War, Star Wars and History explores the major historical turning points, heroes, and villains in human history and their impact on the creation of the Star Wars saga. Star Wars and History shows how the atomic and hydrogen bombs led to the Death Star; how Princess Leia's leadership in the Rebel Alliance resembled the daring work of intrepid women in the French Resistance during World War II and the Mexican Revolution; historical parallels between the Jedi Code and Bushido as well as those linking the Jedi culture with that of the Templar Knights and other warrior monks; and all of the history that underlies the Star Wars galaxy. Read how our own civilization's civil wars, slavery, international corporation states, and teenage queens were transformed into the epic Star Wars history and discover how Tatooine reflects the lawless frontiers of the past and Coruscant our own history of glittering and greedy capitals. The first book devoted to analyzing the actual historical events in our past that influenced the creation of the space fantasy, Star Wars Features 11 essays by a wise council of history scholars, written in close collaboration with George Lucas and Lucasfilm Gives new insights into central Star Wars characters and historical figures who helped inspire them (including Luke Skywalker, Princess Leia, Han Solo, Darth Vader, Obi-Wan Kenobi, Queen Amidala, Yoda, Jabba the Hutt, Lando Calrissian, Emperor Palpatine, and others) Includes both stunning photos from the Lucasfilm Image Archives and historical photos that demonstrate the parallels between both worlds Filled with fascinating historical comparisons and background that will take your experience of the Star Wars saga to a new level, Star Wars and History is an essential companion for every Star Wars fan. |
| 20th century fox history: MGM Steven Bingen, Stephen X Sylvester, Michael Troyan, 2011-02-25 M-G-M: Hollywood’s Greatest Backlot is the illustrated history of the soundstages and outdoor sets where Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer produced many of the world’s most famous films. During its Golden Age, the studio employed the likes of Garbo, Astaire, and Gable, and produced innumerable iconic pieces of cinema such as The Wizard of Oz, Singin’ in the Rain, and Ben-Hur. It is estimated that a fifth of all films made in the United States prior to the 1970s were shot at MGM studios, meaning that the gigantic property was responsible for hundreds of iconic sets and stages, often utilizing and transforming minimal spaces and previously used props, to create some of the most recognizable and identifiable landscapes of modern movie culture. All of this happened behind closed doors, the backlot shut off from the public in a veil of secrecy and movie magic. M-G-M: Hollywood’s Greatest Backlot highlights this fascinating film treasure by recounting the history, popularity, and success of the MGM company through a tour of its physical property. Featuring the candid, exclusive voices and photographs from the people who worked there, and including hundreds of rare and unpublished photographs (including many from the archives of Warner Bros.), readers are launched aboard a fun and entertaining virtual tour of Hollywood’s most famous and mysterious motion picture studio. |
| 20th century fox history: The Book of Alien Paul Scanlon, Michael Gross, Charles Lippincott, 1979 |
| 20th century fox history: Twentieth Century–Fox Peter Lev, 2013-03-15 When the Fox Film Corporation merged with Twentieth Century Pictures in 1935, the company posed little threat to industry juggernauts such as Paramount and MGM. In the years that followed however, guided by executives Darryl F. Zanuck and Spyros Skouras, it soon emerged as one of the most important studios. Though working from separate offices in New York and Los Angeles and often of two different minds, the two men navigated Twentieth Century-Fox through the trials of the World War II boom, the birth of television, the Hollywood Blacklist, and more to an era of exceptional success, which included what was then the highest grossing movie of all time, The Sound of Music. Twentieth Century-Fox is a comprehensive examination of the studio’s transformation during the Zanuck-Skouras era. Instead of limiting his scope to the Hollywood production studio, Lev also delves into the corporate strategies, distribution models, government relations, and technological innovations that were the responsibilities of the New York headquarters. Moving chronologically, he examines the corporate history before analyzing individual films produced by Twentieth Century-Fox during that period. Drawn largely from original archival research, Twentieth Century-Fox offers not only enlightening analyses and new insights into the films and the history of the company, but also affords the reader a unique perspective from which to view the evolution of the entire film industry. |
| 20th century fox history: Feminism in Twentieth-Century Science, Technology, and Medicine Angela N. H. Creager, Elizabeth Lunbeck, Londa Schiebinger, 2001-11 What useful changes has feminism brought to science? Feminists have enjoyed success in their efforts to open many fields to women as participants. But the effects of feminism have not been restricted to altering employment and professional opportunities for women. The essays in this volume explore how feminist theory has had a direct impact on research in the biological and social sciences, in medicine, and in technology, often providing the impetus for fundamentally changing the theoretical underpinnings and practices of such research. In archaeology, evidence of women's hunting activities suggested by spears found in women's graves is no longer dismissed; computer scientists have used feminist epistemologies for rethinking the human-interface problems of our growing reliance on computers. Attention to women's movements often tends to reinforce a presumption that feminism changes institutions through critique-from-without. This volume reveals the potent but not always visible transformations feminism has brought to science, technology, and medicine from within. Contributors: Ruth Schwartz Cowan Linda Marie Fedigan Scott Gilbert Evelynn M. Hammonds Evelyn Fox Keller Pamela E. Mack Michael S. Mahoney Emily Martin Ruth Oldenziel Nelly Oudshoorn Carroll Pursell Karen Rader Alison Wylie |
| 20th century fox history: The Art of Blue Sky Studios Jake S. Friedman, 2014-10-03 Enjoy the remarkable tale of Blue Sky's success, from its origins as a live-action vfx company to its reinvention as a driving force in computer-generated animation. With exclusive access to Blue Sky's archives and the exceptional artists who have made characters like Scrat, Manny, and Sid the Sloth household names, this is an in-depth look at one of animation's greatest success stories. |
| 20th century fox history: The Columbia Story Clive Hirschhorn, 1999 Since 1924, Columbia Pictures has made over 3,000 movies, becoming one of the most successful studios of Hollywood's Golden Age. Every one of those movies, from It Happened One Night to Men In Black, appears in noted film critic Clive Hirschhorn's grandly oversize, picture-filled book. Also included are a synopsis, casting, lively critical commentary, running time, and an extensive timeline of every Columbia film that ever won, or received, a nomination for an Oscar. Excellent.--Publishers Weekly. |
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revelatory story bookended by empire builders William Fox and Rupert Murdoch aimed as both a grand entertaining nostalgic and picture filled interactive read and the ultimate guide to all …
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franchise models established by 20th Century Fox throughout its history. Examining the 20th Century Fox history provides valuable lessons for contemporary filmmakers and studio …
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history of Fox from its origins in 1904 to the present It builds upon research and histories of individual periods to describe how one company responded to a century long evolution of the …
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explaining why Fox s legacy is central to the history of Hollywood At the heart of William Fox s life was the myth of the American Dream His story intertwines the fate of the nineteenth century …
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explaining why Fox s legacy is central to the history of Hollywood At the heart of William Fox s life was the myth of the American Dream His story intertwines the fate of the nineteenth century …
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the 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment logo history. The research draws upon archival material, interviews, and expert analysis to paint a detailed picture of the logo's journey and its …
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Feb 25, 2022 · Here's a video essay on the brief but jam-packed history of 20th Century Fox, the Hollywood film studio behind CinemaScope and 'Star Wars.'
