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3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, MD, PhD, FARS – Board-certified Radiation Oncologist with over 15 years of experience specializing in breast cancer treatment and advanced radiotherapy techniques, including 3D conformal radiation therapy. Dr. Vance is a Fellow of the American Radium Society (FARS) and has published extensively in peer-reviewed journals on the subject of breast cancer radiotherapy.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP) – A leading academic publisher with a long-standing reputation for publishing high-quality medical and scientific literature, including numerous works on radiation oncology and breast cancer treatment. OUP's commitment to rigorous peer review ensures the accuracy and reliability of its publications.
Editor: Dr. James Miller, MD, FACR – A renowned radiation oncologist and expert in advanced radiotherapy techniques. Dr. Miller has extensive experience in clinical trials and research related to 3D conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer and holds significant editorial experience in the field.
Keywords: 3D conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer, breast cancer radiotherapy, conformal radiotherapy, radiation oncology, breast cancer treatment, external beam radiation therapy, 3DCRT, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), partial breast irradiation, whole breast irradiation, cancer treatment
Introduction: Understanding 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
Breast cancer, a leading cause of cancer mortality in women globally, requires multifaceted treatment approaches. 3D conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) for breast cancer represents a significant advancement in targeted radiation delivery, improving the therapeutic ratio by maximizing tumor dose while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues. This article will delve into the intricacies of 3DCRT in breast cancer treatment, exploring its mechanisms, benefits, limitations, and future directions.
Mechanisms of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
Unlike traditional two-dimensional (2D) radiation therapy, which delivers radiation to a broad area, 3DCRT utilizes advanced imaging techniques (CT scans primarily) to precisely define the tumor's three-dimensional shape and location. This allows radiation oncologists to meticulously tailor the radiation beams to conform to the tumor's unique geometry. Multiple beams are precisely shaped and angled to converge on the tumor, delivering a high dose of radiation while sparing surrounding organs at risk (OARs), including the heart, lungs, and spinal cord. This precise targeting reduces the likelihood of significant side effects compared to older techniques. The process involves sophisticated treatment planning software that calculates the optimal beam angles and intensities to achieve the desired dose distribution.
Benefits of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
The advantages of 3DCRT for breast cancer are numerous:
Improved Targeting: The most significant benefit is the improved targeting of the tumor, leading to a higher tumor dose with reduced radiation exposure to healthy tissues. This translates into a higher likelihood of tumor control.
Reduced Side Effects: By minimizing radiation to OARs, 3DCRT significantly reduces the incidence and severity of side effects such as pneumonitis (lung inflammation), cardiac toxicity, and brachial plexopathy (nerve damage).
Improved Cosmetic Outcomes: The precise targeting minimizes skin reactions and radiation-induced fibrosis, potentially leading to better cosmetic outcomes for breast cancer patients.
Suitability for Various Breast Cancer Stages: 3DCRT can be used for various stages of breast cancer, including early-stage disease after breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) or as adjuvant therapy following mastectomy. It’s particularly valuable in cases with complex tumor geometry or proximity to critical structures.
Integration with Other Therapies: 3DCRT can be seamlessly integrated with other breast cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and targeted therapy, to optimize overall outcomes.
Limitations of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
While 3DCRT offers significant advantages, some limitations exist:
Increased Planning Complexity: The planning process for 3DCRT is more complex and time-consuming than 2D radiotherapy, requiring specialized software and expertise.
Cost: The advanced technology and expertise involved can increase the overall cost of treatment.
Not a Cure-All: While 3DCRT improves local control, it does not eliminate the risk of recurrence or metastasis.
Potential for Setup Errors: Accurate patient positioning is crucial for the efficacy of 3DCRT. Any errors in positioning can compromise the precision of radiation delivery.
3D Conformal Radiation Therapy vs. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT)
While 3DCRT is a significant improvement over 2D radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) represents a further refinement. IMRT employs even more sophisticated techniques to modulate the intensity of radiation beams throughout the treatment course, allowing for even more precise dose delivery and further sparing of healthy tissues. IMRT often achieves better dose conformity and homogeneity compared to 3DCRT, leading to potentially better outcomes and reduced side effects. However, IMRT is also more complex and resource-intensive.
Partial Breast Irradiation and 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy
For early-stage breast cancer, partial breast irradiation (PBI) using 3DCRT offers a less invasive alternative to whole-breast irradiation. PBI targets only the area containing the tumor bed and surrounding tissues, potentially reducing the volume of breast tissue exposed to radiation. This approach may minimize side effects such as fibrosis, skin changes, and breast shrinkage. However, PBI is not suitable for all patients, and careful patient selection is crucial.
Future Directions in 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer
Ongoing research is exploring various avenues to enhance the efficacy and safety of 3DCRT for breast cancer. These include:
Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT): Integrating real-time imaging during treatment to improve accuracy and compensate for patient movement.
Adaptive radiotherapy: Adjusting the treatment plan during the course of radiation therapy to account for tumor changes or anatomical variations.
Hypofractionated radiotherapy: Delivering fewer, higher doses of radiation, potentially reducing the overall treatment time.
Conclusion
3D conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer has significantly advanced breast cancer treatment by enhancing targeting accuracy, minimizing side effects, and improving cosmetic outcomes. While not without limitations, 3DCRT remains a valuable tool in the arsenal of radiation oncologists, offering a substantial improvement over older radiotherapy techniques. Ongoing research and technological advancements promise to further refine 3DCRT, optimizing its efficacy and safety in the fight against breast cancer.
FAQs
1. Is 3D conformal radiation therapy painful? The radiation therapy itself is painless. However, some patients experience skin reactions or fatigue during the treatment course.
2. How long does 3D conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer take? The total treatment time typically ranges from 3 to 6 weeks, with daily treatments.
3. What are the long-term side effects of 3D conformal radiation therapy? Long-term side effects can include skin changes, fibrosis, and lymphedema. However, these side effects are often manageable.
4. Is 3D conformal radiation therapy suitable for all breast cancer patients? No, the suitability of 3DCRT depends on various factors, including tumor stage, location, and overall health.
5. What is the success rate of 3D conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer? The success rate varies depending on the stage of cancer and individual patient factors, but 3DCRT significantly improves local control rates compared to older techniques.
6. How is 3D conformal radiation therapy different from other types of radiation therapy? 3DCRT offers more precise targeting than 2D radiotherapy, minimizing radiation exposure to healthy tissues. IMRT is a further advancement offering even more precise dose delivery.
7. What are the risks of 3D conformal radiation therapy? Risks include skin reactions, fatigue, and potential long-term side effects. However, these risks are generally low compared to the benefits.
8. How much does 3D conformal radiation therapy cost? The cost varies depending on the location and healthcare system. It's generally more expensive than 2D radiotherapy due to the advanced technology involved.
9. What should I expect during my 3D conformal radiation therapy treatments? You'll lie on a table while the radiation is delivered. The treatment itself is painless, but you may experience some discomfort from positioning.
Related Articles:
1. "3D Conformal Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer: A Review of Current Techniques and Outcomes": This article provides a comprehensive review of current techniques and outcomes of 3DCRT in breast cancer treatment, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.
2. "Hypofractionated 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis": This meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of hypofractionated 3DCRT for early-stage breast cancer, comparing it to standard fractionation schedules.
3. "The Role of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy in Partial Breast Irradiation": This article focuses on the application of 3DCRT in partial breast irradiation, discussing patient selection criteria and treatment outcomes.
4. "Comparison of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial": This randomized controlled trial compares the efficacy and safety of 3DCRT and IMRT in breast cancer patients, providing evidence to support the choice of treatment.
5. "Long-Term Side Effects of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study": This prospective cohort study examines the long-term side effects of 3DCRT in breast cancer patients, providing valuable insights into the management of potential complications.
6. "Image-Guided 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: Improving Accuracy and Reducing Toxicity": This article explores the use of image guidance in 3DCRT, showcasing its potential for improving treatment accuracy and reducing toxicity.
7. "Cost-Effectiveness of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: An Economic Evaluation": This economic evaluation assesses the cost-effectiveness of 3DCRT compared to other radiation therapy techniques, providing data for healthcare decision-making.
8. "Patient-Reported Outcomes Following 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study": This qualitative study explores the patient experience with 3DCRT, gathering insights into their perspectives on treatment efficacy and side effects.
9. "The Impact of 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy on Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review": This systematic review assesses the impact of 3DCRT on quality of life in breast cancer patients, providing a comprehensive overview of the literature.
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation David E. Wazer, Douglas W. Arthur, Frank Vicini, 2009-08-11 Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is being rapidly introduced into the clinical management of early breast cancer. APBI, in fact, encompasses a number of different techniques and approaches that include brachytherapy, intraoperative, and external beam techniques. There is currently no single source that describes these techniques and their clinical implementation. This text is a concise handbook designed to assist the clinician in the implementation of APBI. This includes a review of the principles that underlie APBI, a practical and detailed description of each technique for APBI, a review of current clinical results of APBI, and a review of the incidence and management of treatment related complications. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Clinical Radiation Oncology Leonard L. Gunderson, MD, MS, FASTRO, Joel E. Tepper, MD, 2015-08-26 Perfect for radiation oncology physicians and residents needing a multidisciplinary, treatment-focused resource, this updated edition continues to provide the latest knowledge in this consistently growing field. Not only will you broaden your understanding of the basic biology of disease processes, you'll also access updated treatment algorithms, information on techniques, and state-of-the-art modalities. The consistent and concise format provides just the right amount of information, making Clinical Radiation Oncology a welcome resource for use by the entire radiation oncology team. Content is templated and divided into three sections -- Scientific Foundations of Radiation Oncology, Techniques and Modalities, and Disease Sites - for quick access to information. Disease Sites chapters summarize the most important issues on the opening page and include a full-color format, liberal use of tables and figures, a closing section with a discussion of controversies and problems, and a treatment algorithm that reflects the treatment approach of the authors. Chapters have been edited for scientific accuracy, organization, format, and adequacy of outcome data (such as disease control, survival, and treatment tolerance). Allows you to examine the therapeutic management of specific disease sites based on single-modality and combined-modality approaches. Features an emphasis on providing workup and treatment algorithms for each major disease process, as well as the coverage of molecular biology and its relevance to individual diseases. Two new chapters provide an increased emphasis on stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body irradiation (SBRT). New Associate Editor, Dr. Andrea Ng, offers her unique perspectives to the Lymphoma and Hematologic Malignancies section. Key Points are summarized at the beginning of each disease-site chapter, mirroring the template headings and highlighting essential information and outcomes. Treatment algorithms and techniques, together with discussions of controversies and problems, reflect the treatment approaches employed by the authors. Disease Site Overviews allow each section editor to give a unique perspective on important issues, while online updates to Disease Site chapters ensure your knowledge is current. Disease Site chapters feature updated information on disease management and outcomes. Four videos accessible on Expert Consult include Intraoperative Irradiation, Prostate Brachytherapy, Penile Brachytherapy, and Ocular Melanoma. Thirty all-new anatomy drawings increase your visual understanding. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Simon S. Lo, Bin S. Teh, Jiade J. Lu, Tracey E. Schefter, 2012-08-28 Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Advances in Radiation Therapy M. Guckenberger, S.E. Combs, D. Zips, 2018-04-12 Developments in radiation oncology have been key to the tremendous progress made in the field in recent years. The combination of optimal systemic treatment and local therapy has resulted in continuing improved outcomes of cancer therapy. This progress forms the basis for current pre-clinical and clinical research which will strengthen the position of radiation oncology as an essential component of oncological care. This book summarizes recent advances in radiotherapy research and clinical patient care. Topics include radiobiology, radiotherapy technology, and particle therapy. Chapters cover a summary and analysis of recent developments in the search for biomarkers for precision radiotherapy, novel imaging possibilities and treatment planning, and advances in understanding the differences between photon and particle radiotherapy. Advances in Radiation Therapy is an invaluable source of information for scientists and clinicians working in the field of radiation oncology. It is also a relevant resource for those interested in the broad topic of radiotherapy in general. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Radiation Therapy Techniques and Treatment Planning for Breast Cancer Jennifer R. Bellon, Julia S. Wong, Shannon M. MacDonald, Alice Y. Ho, 2016-09-15 This book addresses the day-to-day treatment planning issues that radiation oncologists are likely to encounter during the treatment of breast cancer patients and provides numerous practical “tips” that will assist in navigation of the treatment planning process, from delineation of the tumor boundaries to discrimination of adjacent normal tissues and critical structures at risk of radiation injury. Differences in target delineation and treatment planning according to technique are emphasized, with coverage of conventional radiation therapy and advanced techniques including cardiac-sparing approaches, e.g., using active breathing control, intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton beam therapy, and electron beam therapy post mastectomy. Individual chapters also focus on radiation setup and verification techniques and radiation treatment planning systems. The book, which is part of the Springer series Practical Guides in Radiation Oncology, is designed for hands-on use by radiation oncology residents/fellows in training and practicing radiation oncologists. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Obesity and Cancer Tobias Pischon, Katharina Nimptsch, 2016-12-01 This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the relationship between obesity and cancer. It opens with a global perspective on obesity and cancer incidence, followed by in-depth discussions of those cancers for which we have sufficient evidence of a causal relationship with obesity. It addresses topics such as the effects of obesity on cancer incidence and cancer survival, the effects of weight gain and weight loss in adulthood on cancer risk, the effects of childhood and adolescent obesity, and the role of body fat distribution in cancer risk. Individual chapters discuss potential pathways for the observed associations and explore possible mechanisms from both an epidemiological and an experimental perspective. It concludes with a population perspective on the cancer risk that is attributable to obesity and is thus potentially avoidable. This book is of particular value to researchers and epidemiologists and is also of interest to public health workers and clinicians. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Surface Guided Radiation Therapy Jeremy David Page Hoisak, Adam Brent Paxton, Benjamin James Waghorn, Todd Pawlicki, 2020-02-13 Surface Guided Radiation Therapy provides a comprehensive overview of optical surface image guidance systems for radiation therapy. It serves as an introductory teaching resource for students and trainees, and a valuable reference for medical physicists, physicians, radiation therapists, and administrators who wish to incorporate surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) into their clinical practice. This is the first book dedicated to the principles and practice of SGRT, featuring: Chapters authored by an internationally represented list of physicists, radiation oncologists and therapists, edited by pioneers and experts in SGRT Covering the evolution of localization systems and their role in quality and safety, current SGRT systems, practical guides to commissioning and quality assurance, clinical applications by anatomic site, and emerging topics including skin mark-less setups. Several dedicated chapters on SGRT for intracranial radiosurgery and breast, covering technical aspects, risk assessment and outcomes. Jeremy Hoisak, PhD, DABR is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Hoisak’s clinical expertise includes radiosurgery and respiratory motion management. Adam Paxton, PhD, DABR is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Utah. Dr. Paxton’s clinical expertise includes patient safety, motion management, radiosurgery, and proton therapy. Benjamin Waghorn, PhD, DABR is the Director of Clinical Physics at Vision RT. Dr. Waghorn’s research interests include intensity modulated radiation therapy, motion management, and surface image guidance systems. Todd Pawlicki, PhD, DABR, FAAPM, FASTRO, is Professor and Vice-Chair for Medical Physics in the Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Pawlicki has published extensively on quality and safety in radiation therapy. He has served on the Board of Directors for the American Society for Radiology Oncology (ASTRO) and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Target Volume Delineation and Field Setup Nancy Y. Lee, Jiade J. Lu, 2012-09-18 This handbook will enable radiation oncologists to appropriately and confidently select and delineate tumor volumes/fields for conformal radiation therapy, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), in patients with commonly encountered cancers. The orientation of this handbook is entirely practical, in that the focus is on the illustration of clinical target volume (CTV) delineation for each major malignancy. Each chapter provides guidelines and concise knowledge on treatment planning and CTV selection, explains how the anatomy of lymphatic drainage shapes target volume selection, and presents detailed illustrations of delineations, slice by slice, on planning CT images. While the emphasis is on target volume delineation for three-dimensional conformal therapy and IMRT, information is also provided on conventional radiation therapy field setup and planning for certain malignancies for which IMRT is not currently suitable. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Target Volume Delineation for Conformal and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy Nancy Y. Lee, Nadeem Riaz, Jiade J. Lu, 2014-12-08 This textbook is designed to help the busy radiation oncologist to accurately and confidently delineate tumor volumes for conformal radiation therapy (including IMRT). The book provides an atlas of clinical target volumes (CTVs) for commonly encountered cancers, with each chapter illustrating CTV delineation on a slice-by-slice basis, on planning CT images. Common anatomic variants for each tumor are represented in individual illustrations, with annotations highlighting differences in coverage. The anatomy of each site and patterns of lymphatic drainage are discussed, and their influence on the design of CTVs is explained in detail. Utilization of other imaging modalities, including MRI, to delineate volumes is highlighted. Key details of simulation and planning are briefly reviewed. Although the emphasis is on target volume delineation for conformal techniques, information is also provided on conventional radiation field setup and design when IMRT is not suitable. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Practical Radiation Oncology Supriya Mallick, Goura K. Rath, Rony Benson, 2019-11-25 This book addresses the most relevant aspects of radiation oncology in terms of technical integrity, dose parameters, machine and software specifications, as well as regulatory requirements. Radiation oncology is a unique field that combines physics and biology. As a result, it has not only a clinical aspect, but also a physics aspect and biology aspect, all three of which are inter-related and critical to optimal radiation treatment planning. In addition, radiation oncology involves a host of machines/software. One needs to have a firm command of these machines and their specifications to deliver comprehensive treatment. However, this information is not readily available, which poses serious challenges for students learning the planning aspect of radiation therapy. In response, this book compiles these relevant aspects in a single source. Radiation oncology is a dynamic field, and is continuously evolving. However, tracking down the latest findings is both difficult and time-consuming. Consequently, the book also comprehensively covers the most important trials. Offering an essential ready reference work, it represents a value asset for all radiation oncology practitioners, trainees and students. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Image-Guided IMRT Thomas Bortfeld, Rupert Schmidt-Ullrich, Wilfried De Neve, David E. Wazer, 2006-05-28 Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), one of the most important developments in radiation oncology in the past 25 years, involves technology to deliver radiation to tumors in the right location, quantity and time. Unavoidable irradiation of surrounding normal tissues is distributed so as to preserve their function. The achievements and future directions in the field are grouped in the three sections of the book, each suitable for supporting a teaching course. Part 1 contains topical reviews of the basic principles of IMRT, part 2 describes advanced techniques such as image-guided and biologically based approaches, and part 3 focuses on investigation of IMRT to improve outcome at various cancer sites. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning for Particle Therapy Nancy Y. Lee, Jonathan E. Leeman, Oren Cahlon, Kevin Sine, Guoliang Jiang, Jiade J. Lu, Stefan Both, 2017-12-19 This handbook is designed to enable radiation oncologists to treat patients appropriately and confidently by means of particle therapy. The orientation and purpose are entirely practical, in that the focus is on the physics essentials of delivery and treatment planning , illustration of the clinical target volume (CTV) and associated treatment planning for each major malignancy when using particle therapy, proton therapy in particular. Disease-specific chapters provide guidelines and concise knowledge on CTV selection and delineation and identify aspects that require the exercise of caution during treatment planning. The treatment planning techniques unique to proton therapy for each disease site are clearly described, covering beam orientation, matching/patching field techniques, robustness planning, robustness plan evaluation, etc. The published data on the use of particle therapy for a given disease site are also concisely reported. In addition to fully meeting the needs of radiation oncologists, this know why and “know how” guide to particle therapy will be valuable for medical physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology Hasan Murshed, 2024-06-20 Fundamentals of Radiation Oncology: Physical, Biological, and Clinical Aspects, Fourth Edition, is written by a team of renowned experts. This book is a must-have resource for anyone practicing radiation oncology. From basic principles to more-advanced planning and delivery of radiation therapy to treat cancer, this book is a go-to resource for mastering the art and science of radiation oncology. - Recent advances in SRS, SBRT, proton therapy, an immunotherapy - New chapters on adaptive radiotherapy, and artificial intelligence in radiation therapy - IMRT and IGRT techniques are covered in depth in all clinical chapters - Latest landmark studies provide evidence-based rationale for recommended treatments - Radiation treatment toxicity and its management |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Endocrine and Metabolic Late Effects in Cancer Survivors Francesco Felicetti (Oncologist), Enrico Brignardello, Hanneke M. van Santen, 2021-11 This book analyzes in detail all aspects related to endocrine and metabolic late effects observed in patients treated for cancer, both in childhood and adulthood. The chapters focusing on the possible pathogenic mechanisms of late effects (i.e., premature aging and chronic inflammation) and on bone health in cancer survivors are particularly interesting and innovative. The volume also deals with hypothalamic-pituitary, thyroid and gonadal disorders, including infertility and how to prevent it. Finally, the relationship between metabolic alterations and cardiovascular diseases in cancer survivors is addressed. Thanks to advances in cancer treatment and supportive care, the five-year survival rate of cancer patients is constantly increasing. However, this undisputable success of medicine has a flip side: the late adverse effects of anticancer therapies. Pediatric oncologists were the first to cope with late complications of treatments, but today also adult oncologists and onco-hematologists recognize the relevance of this issue. Even though late effects observed in cancer survivors can affect any organ or system, endocrine and metabolic dysfunctions are the most frequently reported. Endocrine complications rarely influence life expectancy of cancer survivors, but they can significantly impact morbidity and quality of life. Among endocrine adverse effects, severe hypothalamic damage may be considered the most harmful in survivors, leading to morbid obesity, propensity to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This book aims to disseminate the knowledge about endocrine and metabolic adverse effects of cancer therapies and about survivorship care. Since the number of cancer survivors is steadily growing in the general population, this publication is intended not only for endocrinologists but also for oncologists, onco-hematologists, internists, pediatric specialists in those areas and general practitioners, with the aim to better counsel and monitor cancer survivors. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Comprehensive Brachytherapy Jack Venselaar, Ali S. Meigooni, Dimos Baltas, Peter J. Hoskin, 2012-11-08 Modern brachytherapy is one of the most important oncological treatment modalities requiring an integrated approach that utilizes new technologies, advanced clinical imaging facilities, and a thorough understanding of the radiobiological effects on different tissues, the principles of physics, dosimetry techniques and protocols, and clinical expertise. A complete overview of the field, Comprehensive Brachytherapy: Physical and Clinical Aspects is a landmark publication, presenting a detailed account of the underlying physics, design, and implementation of the techniques, along with practical guidance for practitioners. Bridging the gap between research and application, this single source brings together the technological basis, radiation dosimetry, quality assurance, and fundamentals of brachytherapy. In addition, it presents discussion of the most recent clinical practice in brachytherapy including prostate, gynecology, breast, and other clinical treatment sites. Along with exploring new clinical protocols, it discusses major advances in imaging, robotics, dosimetry, Monte Carlo-based dose calculation, and optimization. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer Frederik Wenz, Uta Kraus-Tiefenbacher, 2011 |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Basic Radiation Oncology Murat Beyzadeoglu, Gokhan Ozyigit, Cüneyt Ebruli, 2010-07-20 This practical, up-to-date, bedside-oriented radiation oncology book encompasses the essential aspects of the subject with coverage on radiation physics, radiobiology, and clinical radiation oncology. The first two sections examine concepts that are crucial in radiation physics and radiobiology. The third section describes radiation treatment regimens appropriate for the main cancer sites and tumor types. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Accuracy Requirements and Uncertainties in Radiotherapy International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017-04-12 Accuracy requirements in radiation oncology have been defined in multiple publications; however, these have been based on differing radiation technologies. In the meantime, the uncertainties in radiation dosimetry reference standards have been reduced and more detailed patient outcome data are available. No comprehensive literature on accuracy and uncertainties in radiotherapy has been published so far. The IAEA has therefore developed a new international consensus document on accuracy requirements and uncertainties in radiation therapy, to promote safer and more effective patient treatments. This publication addresses accuracy and uncertainty issues related to the vast majority of radiotherapy departments including both external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy. It covers clinical, radiobiological, dosimetric, technical and physical aspects. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Adaptive Radiation Therapy X. Allen Li, 2011-01-27 Modern medical imaging and radiation therapy technologies are so complex and computer driven that it is difficult for physicians and technologists to know exactly what is happening at the point-of-care. Medical physicists responsible for filling this gap in knowledge must stay abreast of the latest advances at the intersection of medical imaging an |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Strategies for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning Ping Xia, PhD, Andrew Godley, PhD, Chirag Shah, MD, Gregory M. M. Videtic, MD, CM, FRCPC, John Suh, MD, 2018-10-28 “This is a high quality book with directions and guidelines on how to generate valid treatment plans in the modern era of radiation oncology. It is very useful for any student (dosimetry, therapy, physicist, or physician) who is entering a practical treatment planning rotation...It is written as a companion to the Handbook of Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology, 2nd edition, Videtic et al. (Demos Medical Publishing, 2015), and pairs very well with it.” Score: 88, 3 Stars, Doody’s Medical Reviews “Comparing with earlier published books about radiotherapy treatment planning, which are prone to the pedagogical side as textbooks, this new book serves an unmet need as a pocket-sized book with details and up to date information for user’s quick resource for treatment planning knowledge... “Strategies for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning” is a handy and essential reference for modern treatment planning. It is therefore recommended as a valuable book for the bookshelf and pocket of everyone involved in radiotherapy treatment planning.” -- Dr. Chengyu Shi of Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center for Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Strategies for Radiation Therapy Treatment Planning provides radiation oncologists, physicists, and dosimetrists with a step-by-step guide to implementing external beam treatment plans that meet clinical requirements for each major disease site. As a companion book to the Handbook of Treatment Planning in Radiation Oncology Second Edition, this book focuses on the technical aspects of treatment planning and the major challenges in creating highly conformal dose distributions, referenced to as treatment plans, for external beam radiotherapy. To overcome challenges associated with each step, leading experts at the Cleveland Clinic have consolidated their knowledge and experience of treatment planning techniques, potential pitfalls, and other difficulties to develop quality plans across the gamut of clinical scenarios in radiation therapy. The book begins with an overview of external beam treatment planning principles, inverse planning and advanced planning tools, and descriptions of all components in simulation and verification. Following these introductory chapters are disease-site examples, including central nervous system, head and neck, breast, thoracic, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic, lymphoma, and soft tissue sarcoma. The book concludes with expert guidance on planning for pediatric cancers and how to tailor palliative plans. Essential for all radiation therapy team members, including trainees, this book is for those who wish to learn or improve their treatment planning skills and understand the different treatment planning processes, plan evaluation, and patient setup. KEY FEATURES: Provides basic principles of treatment planning Contains step-by-step, illustrated descriptions of the treatment planning process Discusses the pros and cons of advanced treatment planning tools, such as auto-planning, knowledge-based planning, and multi-criteria based planning Describes each primary treatment site from simulation, patient immobilization, and creation of various treatment plans to plan evaluations Includes instructive sample plans to highlight best practices |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Toxicities of Radiation Treatment for Breast Cancer Jean L. Wright, 2019-03-15 This book is a comprehensive guide to breast toxicity. Adjuvant radiation remains standard for a majority of women who undergo breast-conserving surgery for breast cancer, and indications for post-mastectomy and regional lymph node irradiation have also broadened with recent publications. At the same time, locoregional recurrence has declined and survival has improved in recent decades. In the current era of excellent breast cancer outcomes, then, considering the balance between toxicity and outcomes becomes paramount. Several recent editorials recommend considering toxicity against the potential benefit of adjuvant radiation in tailoring radiation decisions for individual patients. Thus, a clear understanding of the potential toxicities of adjuvant radiation for breast cancer is critical to optimizing outcomes in modern breast cancer management. Here, authors have collected recent data focused on toxicity of treatment that provide an opportunity for improving this optimization. Chapters cover both acute and late toxicity of radiation for breast cancer, including tailored risk assessment for each of these potential toxicities, considerations for including risk of toxicity in management decisions, and toxicity management strategies. This is an ideal guide for radiation oncologists, residents, and oncologists seeking to optimize care for their patients. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: External Field and Radiation Stimulated Breast Cancer Nanotheranostics Nanasaheb D. Thorat, Joanna Bauer, 2019-09-26 Nano drug-delivery systems responding to cellular local stimuli, such as pH, temperature and reductive agent's activation, i.e. enzymes, could effectively provide passive-mode desirable release but fail in disease treatment following the biological rhythms of brain tumor. This book is a compilation of research development lead by expert researchers and it establishes a single reference module. It addresses, for the first time, all translational aspects and clinical perspectives of physically stimulated breast-cancer nanotheranostics from a wide-ranging and multidisciplinary perception providing unrivalled and comprehensive knowledge in the field. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Intracranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery Jason P. Sheehan, L. Dade Lunsford, 2021-12-23 In this third edition of Intracranial Stereotactic Radiosurgery, Drs. Sheehan and Lunsford provide an updated assessment of the practice of stereotactic radiosurgery. Topics include benign and malignant tumors, cerebrovascular abnormalities, and functional disorders. Several new topics are now included and focus on immunotherapy, hypofractionation, and repeat radiosurgery. Each chapter contains key figures and tables to illustrate the critical concepts of the work. Contributors to the book represent many of the most prestigious stereotactic radiosurgery centers across the world. This book is comprised of 36 chapters and represents a comprehensive update to prior editions. It is intended to be a readable, credible, and accessible reference on stereotactic radiosurgery. Editors Jason Sheehan, MD, PhD, FACS, FAANS, is the Vice Chair and Harrison Distinguished Professor of Neurological Surgery at the University of Virginia (UVA). He also serves as the Neurosciences Service Line Director at UVA. Dr. Sheehan is the current chair of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) Section on Tumors. He serves as the Editor-In-Chief of the Journal of Neuro-Oncology. L. Dade Lunsford, MD, serves as the Lars Leksell Professor and Distinguished Professor at the Department of Neurological Surgery at the University of Pittsburgh. He is also director of the Center for Image-Guided Neurosurgery at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and an internationally recognized authority on stereotactic surgery, radiosurgery, and minimally invasive surgery. He has authored or coauthored more than 1,000 scientific reports and 16 books. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Image-Guided Cancer Therapy Damian E. Dupuy, Yuman Fong, William N. McMullen, 2013-08-06 Image-Guided Cancer Therapy: A Multidisciplinary Approach provides clinicians with in-depth coverage of the growing, dynamic field of interventional oncology. Combining the knowledge of expert editors and authors into one powerhouse reference, this book looks at tumor ablation, HIFU, embolic therapies, emerging technologies, and radiation therapy throughout the body (liver, bone, breast, gynecologic and prostate cancers, to name just a few) , and includes discussion of different imaging modalities. In the words of Peter Mueller, MD, author of the book’s Foreword: “... The senior authors are all world renowned experts in interventional oncology, which is another example of the high quality authorship and experience that is brought to this book. The later chapters discuss therapies that are simply not covered in any other source. Everyone who is doing or wants to do ablation therapies and interventional oncology will face a time when they will be asked to use their expertise in less used and less investigated areas. There is nowhere else where the reader can get information on the prostate, breast, and gynecologic areas, and especially pediatrics....This book is an outstanding contribution to the literature and will become a ‘must read’ for all physicians who are interested in Interventional Oncology.” |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Breast Cancer Phuc Van Pham, 2017-04-05 Breast Cancer - From Biology to Medicine thoroughly examines breast cancer from basic definitions, to cellular and molecular biology, to diagnosis and treatment. This book also has some additional focus on preclinical and clinical results in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The book begins with introduction on epidemiology and pathophysiology of breast cancer in Section 1. In Section 2, the subsequent chapters introduce molecular and cellular biology of breast cancer with some particular signaling pathways, the gene expression, as well as the gene methylation and genomic imprinting, especially the existence of breast cancer stem cells. In Section 3, some new diagnostic methods and updated therapies from surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, and some complementary therapies are discussed. This book provides a succinct yet comprehensive overview of breast cancer for advanced students, graduate students, and researchers as well as those working with breast cancer in a clinical setting. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: The Basic Science of Oncology Ian Tannock, 2005 This concise text examines cancer causation and biology as well as the biology underlying cancer treatment. Thoroughly updated and reorganized with five new chapters, the Fourth Edition emphasizes new development in molecular biology, hormone therapy, and the pharmacology of anti-cancer drugs. Features updated coverage of the basic science of radiotherapy and experimental radiation in addition to expansive coverage of new drugs developments. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: IMRT, IGRT, SBRT John Meyer, 2011 Over the last 4 years, IMRT, IGRT, SBRT: Advances in the Treatment Planning and Delivery of Radiotherapy has become a standard reference in the field. During this time, however, significant progress in high-precision technologies for the planning and delivery of radiotherapy in cancer treatment has called for a second edition to include these new developments. Thoroughly updated and extended, this new edition offers a comprehensive guide and overview of these new technologies and the many clinical treatment programs that bring them into practical use. Advances in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and 4D and adaptive treatment planning are clearly presented. Target localization and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) systems are comprehensively reviewed as well. Clinical tutorials illustrate target definitions for the major cancer sites, and useful techniques for organ motion management are described and compared. There are also several chapters that explore the technical basis and latest clinical experience with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and summarize practical treatment recommendations. Furthermore, the significant and increasing contributions of proton therapy to cancer care are also highlighted, alongside the practical allocation of all these new technologies from an economic perspective. As a highlight of this volume, a number of images can be viewed online in time-elapse videos for greater clarity and more dynamic visualizationWritten by leading authorities in the field, this comprehensive volume brings clinical and technical practitioners of radiotherapy fully up to date with the key developments in equipment, technologies and treatment guidelines. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Textbook of Radiation Oncology Steven A. Leibel, Theodore L. Phillips, 2004 Thoroughly revised and updated, the 2nd Edition presents all of the latest advances in the field, including the most recent technologies and techniques. For each tumor site discussed, readers will find unparalleled coverage of multiple treatment plans, histology and biology of the tumor, its anatomic location and routes of spread, and utilization of specialized techniques. This convenient source also reviews all of the basic principles that underlie the selection and application of radiation as a treatment modality, including radiobiology, radiation physics, immobilization and simulation, high dose rate, intraoperative irradation, and more. Comprehensively reviews each topic, with a distinct clinical orientation throughout. Serves as a foundation for the basic principles that underlie the selection and application of radiation as a treatment modality, including radiobiology, radiation physics, immobilization and simulation, high dose rate, intraoperative irradation, and more. Guides readers through all stages of treatment application with step-by-step techniques for the assessment and implementation of radiotherapeutic options. Presents latest information on brachytherapy * 3-dimensional conformal treatment planning * sterotactic radiosurgery * and radiolabeled antibodies. Discusses the recent use of radiotherapy in the treatment of primary lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the prostate and central nervous system. Includes the latest AJCC staging system guidelines. Offers the latest advances in techniques, allowing you to deliver doses precisely to areas affected by malignancy and spare healthy tissue. Presents new chapters on the hottest topics including Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy * Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy * Breathing Synchronized Radiotherapy * Plasma Cell Tumors: Multiple Myeloma and Solitary Plasmacytoma * Extracranial Stereotactic Radioablation * and [Imaging of the] Head and Neck * Thorax * Abdomen * and Pelvis. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Supportive Care in Radiotherapy Sara Faithfull, Mary Wells (MSc.), 2003 This book looks at the often debilitating consequences for individuals undergoing radiation therapy and the associated problems for health care professionals that provide clinical and supportive care. Coverage includes physical aspects of treatment in terms of toxicity, issues related to assessment and clinical management, the organizational context of care, multi-professional issues, quality assurance, and the impact of treatment from a physical and psychosocial perspective. Also features critical reviews of current research findings and identifies future directions for clinical research and development. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Radiotherapy in Cancer Care International Atomic Energy Agency, Eduardo Zubizarreta, 2017-11-28 Cancer treatment is complex and calls for a diverse set of services. Radiation therapy is recognized as an essential tool in the cure and palliation of cancer. Currently, access to radiation treatment is limited in many countries and non-existent in some. This lack of radiation therapy resources exacerbates the burden of disease and underscores the continuing health care disparity among States. Closing this gap represents an essential measure in addressing this global health equity problem. This publication presents a comprehensive overview of the major topics and issues to be taken into consideration when planning a strategy to address this problem, in particular in low and middle income countries. With contributions from leaders in the field, it provides an introduction to the achievements and issues of radiation therapy as a cancer treatment modality around the world. Dedicated chapters focus on the new radiotherapy technologies, proton beams, carbon ion, intraoperative radiotherapy, radiotherapy for children, treatment of HIV-AIDS malignancies, and costing and quality management issues. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Principles and Practice of Modern Radiotherapy Techniques in Breast Cancer Ayfer Haydaroglu, Gokhan Ozyigit, 2012-12-14 Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among the female population. With advances in systemic therapies and modern radiotherapy techniques, breast cancer patients can have a long life-expectancy. However, it is crucial that radiation therapy is carried out with minimum complications and with the utmost efficiency. Principles and Practice of Modern Radiotherapy Techniques in Breast Cancer provides practical and current theoretical knowledge to the planning and implementation of breast cancer radiation therapy. All aspects of breast cancer are covered, including epidemiology, molecular and biological basis and integrating systemic therapies during all steps of treatment. The illustrated section of this book identifies anatomical structures in daily practice by presenting target and critical structures in actual treatment positions. These images show and mark the anatomical points of the patient lying in the position that breast radiation therapy would be performed. This text serves as a valuable resource for clinicians, residents and fellows practicing and learning breast cancer radiotherapy. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Encyclopedia of Radiation Oncology Luther W. Brady, Theodore Yaeger, 2012-09-15 This comprehensive encyclopedia, comprising a wide range of entries written by leading experts, provides detailed information on radiation oncology, including the most recent developments in the field. It will be of particular value for basic and clinical scientists in academia, practice, and industry and will also be of benefit to those in related fields, students, teachers, and interested laypersons. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Brachytherapy Physics Bruce Thomadsen, 2005 This text is organized into 6 sections: Fundamentals; Dosimetry; Interstitial Fundamentals; Interstitial Applications; Intercavitary Applications for Gynecological Cancer, and Unconventiional Delivery Systems. The book includes a CD-ROM containing an electronic version of the book (with many illustrations in full color) plus a compiled list of references. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Radiation Oncology Physics International Atomic Energy Agency, 2005 This publication is aimed at students and teachers involved in teaching programmes in field of medical radiation physics, and it covers the basic medical physics knowledge required in the form of a syllabus for modern radiation oncology. The information will be useful to those preparing for professional certification exams in radiation oncology, medical physics, dosimetry or radiotherapy technology. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Principles and Practice of Proton Bean Therapy, AAPM Monograph Indra J. Das, Paganetti Harald, 2015-06-22 |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Image-Guided and Adaptive Radiation Therapy Robert D. Timmerman, Lei Xing, 2012-10-09 This book provides detailed, state-of-the-art information and guidelines on the latest developments, innovations, and clinical procedures in image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy. The first section discusses key methodological and technological issues in image-guided and adaptive radiation therapy, including use of implanted fiducial markers, management of respiratory motion, image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery and stereotactic body radiation therapy, three-dimensional conformal brachytherapy, target definition and localization, and PET/CT and biologically conformal radiation therapy. The second section provides practical clinical information on image-guided adaptive radiation therapy for cancers at all common anatomic sites and for pediatric cancers. The third section offers practical guidelines for establishing an effective image-guided adaptive radiation therapy program. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Optimizing Breast Cancer Management William J. Gradishar, 2018-01-19 This book presents expert opinions on a variety of key topics related to the management of breast cancer, with a focus on the implications of recent advances and research findings for clinical practice. It also explores the controversy regarding mammography screening and reviews the contribution of new imaging modalities. Considerable attention is paid to developments in surgical procedures, including the potential for the safe and effective use of sentinel lymph node dissection alone—even in patients with positive nodes—and to the advantages and contraindications of new radiotherapy techniques. Genetic aspects are discussed in detail, including an assessment of the role of genetic testing and the potential impact of genetic signatures on breast cancer management. New systemic strategies, such as anti-HER2 therapy, endocrine agents, and agents to reverse endocrine resistance, are considered, and the optimal use of chemotherapy for early-stage and advanced-stage disease is addressed. In closing, the book shares important new insights into lifestyle risk factors, risk reduction strategies, and survivor issues, including sexual dysfunction and fertility maintenance. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Breast Cancer Management and Molecular Medicine Martine Piccart, William C. Wood, Chie-Mien Hung, Lawrence J. Solin, Fatima Cardoso, 2007-03-07 Tailoring treatment for individual breast cancers is no longer a dream and is now the main goal for current research. This book gives an overview of the most recent techniques, agents and approaches for breast cancer and the individualization of treatment. Particular attention is given to organ-specific tailored approaches, specific populations, patients’ preferences and rehabilitation. Contributions from experts focus on the biomedical research behind the transfer of molecular biology knowledge into the clinical management of patients. This has led to increased survival as well as improved quality of life. The book gives an overview of the latest achievements in breast cancer and their use in clinical practice. |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Advances in treatment planning, optimization and delivery for radiotherapy of breast cancer Nisha Ohri, Vishruta Dumane, Haibo Lin, Arpit Chhabra, 2024-01-19 |
| 3d conformal radiation therapy for breast cancer: Image-guided Radiation Therapy Arno J. Mundt, John C. Roeske, 2010-12-31 Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) is a true revolution in the field of radiation oncology. IGRT provides the unprecedented means of conforming does to the shape of the target tissues in 3-dimensions reducing the risk of complications thereby improving the quality of life of irradiated patients. Moreover, IGRT provides the means to deliver higher than conventional doses thus improving the chance of cure in these patients. Despite its established benefits, several barriers exist to the widespread clinical implementation of IGRT. In the past, great concerns existed regarding the large capital outlay needed for both software and hardware. This barrier is less relevant today given the increased reimbursements possible with IGRT. Today, the most significant barrier is education. IGRT is a fundamentally new approach to both treatment planning and delivery. Adoption of the IGRT approach entails new ways of thinking in regard to patient selection, treatment planning and quality assurance measures. Unfortunately, apart from a few University-based short courses, limited resources are available for the physician and physicist interested in learning IGRT. |
Evaluation of 3D-CRT and VMAT Radiotherapy Plans for Left …
The aim of this study is to compare 3DCRT and VMAT for left breast cancer patients in terms of PTV coverage, OAR constrains by comparing dosimetric parameters.
Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)
3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) is a common type of external beam radiation therapy. It uses images from CT, MRI, and PET scans to precisely plan the treatment area, a process …
Comparative E ectiveness Analysis of 3D-CRT v/s IMRT
the radiation-based therapy of breast cancer are 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) along with technical terms for early career …
Dosimetric comparative study of 3DCRT, IMRT, VMAT, …
revealed that whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) post-BCS reduced rate of disease recurrence by half and mortality rate by a 6th for patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Radiobiological comparison of 3D conformal and intensity …
Background: The current study aimed to compare the tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D …
Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of 3D-Conformal …
Using prospective data regarding patients receiving adjuvant whole breast radiation therapy without nodal irradiation at 23 institutions from 2011 to 2018, we compared the incidence of …
Clinical Effectiveness of an Adaptive Treatment Planning …
Purpose: Clinical trials support adjuvant regional nodal irradiation (RNI) after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy for patients with lymph nodeepositive breast cancer. Advanced …
Dosimetric Comparison between Conventional 2D and 3D …
The use of 3D conformal radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in breast cancer was associated with improved acute toxicity and cosmesis [3] [4], in addition to …
Transition from 2-D Radiotherapy to 3-D Conformal and …
Advances in computer technology have enabled the possibility of transitioning from basic 2-dimensional treatment planning and delivery (2-D radiotherapy) to a more sophisticated …
Comparison of 3D-conformal and intensity-modulated …
Conclusion: It was shown that 3D-CRT and IMRT treatment planning can effectively achieve clinical goals for post-mastectomy left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy. Contribution: The …
Optimal Target Delineation and Treatment Techniques in the …
Abstract Purpose: Regional nodal irradiation improves disease-free and distant diseaseefree survival in patients with high-risk breast cancer (BC). Trials demonstrating this used 2- or 3 …
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics - ijmp.mums.ac.ir
Post-mastectomy breast cancer treatment includes external beam radiation therapy with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy …
Critical Appraisal of the Risk of Secondary Cancer Induction …
Purpose: To evaluate the excess absolute risk (EAR) comparing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 3-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (CRT) in breast cancer …
VOLUMETRIC-MODULATED ARC THERAPY 3D …
beginning with conventional tangential fields 2D, 3D conformal using multi leaf collimator (MLC), and the newest technique VMAT (volumetric radiation therapy). The aim of this study is to …
Hypofractionated Breast Cancer Radiotherapy. Helical …
We propose a comparative dosimetric study of whole-breast hypofractionated radiation therapy using helical tomotherapy (HT) in supine position and 3-D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in …
A comparison of quality of life and acute toxicity in ... - Springer
Aim To compare quality of life and radiation toxicity in patients applied with Tomo-helical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D …
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics - mums.ac.ir
variations in fractionation types in breast cancer radiotherapy using the 3D-CRT technique against the risk of secondary cancer. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and determine the impact …
Tattoo-Free Setup for Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving …
Purpose: Patients undergoing regional nodal irradiation (RNI) with either 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) plan- ning or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) receive …
Radiation Therapy in the Management of Breast Cancer
•Describe the various radiation therapy delivery systems for treating breast cancer, •Distinguish between 3D-Conformal, IMRT, •Describe tangential breast EBRT, •Explore NCCN Guidelines …
Evaluation of 3D-CRT and VMAT Radiotherapy Plans for Left …
The aim of this study is to compare 3DCRT and VMAT for left breast cancer patients in terms of PTV coverage, OAR constrains by comparing dosimetric parameters.
Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT)
3D conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) is a common type of external beam radiation therapy. It uses images from CT, MRI, and PET scans to precisely plan the treatment area, a process …
Comparative E ectiveness Analysis of 3D-CRT v/s IMRT
the radiation-based therapy of breast cancer are 3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) along with technical terms for early career …
Dosimetric comparative study of 3DCRT, IMRT, VMAT, Ecomp, …
revealed that whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT) post-BCS reduced rate of disease recurrence by half and mortality rate by a 6th for patients with early-stage breast cancer.
Radiobiological comparison of 3D conformal and intensity …
Background: The current study aimed to compare the tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) of three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D …
Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of 3D-Conformal …
Using prospective data regarding patients receiving adjuvant whole breast radiation therapy without nodal irradiation at 23 institutions from 2011 to 2018, we compared the incidence of …
Clinical Effectiveness of an Adaptive Treatment Planning …
Purpose: Clinical trials support adjuvant regional nodal irradiation (RNI) after breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy for patients with lymph nodeepositive breast cancer. Advanced …
Dosimetric Comparison between Conventional 2D and 3D …
The use of 3D conformal radiotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in breast cancer was associated with improved acute toxicity and cosmesis [3] [4], in addition to …
Coding RT Treatments: Breast Cancer
Low energy x-ray/photon Can be 2D or 3D therapy conformal. IORT FOR BREAST CANCER, Volume: 41-Partial Breast. Lymph nodes not targeted! Total dose: in cGy! Units use Ir-192 …
Transition from 2-D Radiotherapy to 3-D Conformal and …
Advances in computer technology have enabled the possibility of transitioning from basic 2-dimensional treatment planning and delivery (2-D radiotherapy) to a more sophisticated …
Comparison of 3D-conformal and intensity-modulated …
Conclusion: It was shown that 3D-CRT and IMRT treatment planning can effectively achieve clinical goals for post-mastectomy left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy. Contribution: The …
Optimal Target Delineation and Treatment Techniques in the …
Abstract Purpose: Regional nodal irradiation improves disease-free and distant diseaseefree survival in patients with high-risk breast cancer (BC). Trials demonstrating this used 2- or 3 …
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics - ijmp.mums.ac.ir
Post-mastectomy breast cancer treatment includes external beam radiation therapy with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy …
Critical Appraisal of the Risk of Secondary Cancer Induction …
Purpose: To evaluate the excess absolute risk (EAR) comparing volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and 3-dimensional (3D) conformal radiation therapy (CRT) in breast cancer …
VOLUMETRIC-MODULATED ARC THERAPY 3D-CONFORMAL …
beginning with conventional tangential fields 2D, 3D conformal using multi leaf collimator (MLC), and the newest technique VMAT (volumetric radiation therapy). The aim of this study is to …
Hypofractionated Breast Cancer Radiotherapy. Helical …
We propose a comparative dosimetric study of whole-breast hypofractionated radiation therapy using helical tomotherapy (HT) in supine position and 3-D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) in …
A comparison of quality of life and acute toxicity in ... - Springer
Aim To compare quality of life and radiation toxicity in patients applied with Tomo-helical intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D …
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics - mums.ac.ir
variations in fractionation types in breast cancer radiotherapy using the 3D-CRT technique against the risk of secondary cancer. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and determine the impact …
Tattoo-Free Setup for Patients With Breast Cancer Receiving …
Purpose: Patients undergoing regional nodal irradiation (RNI) with either 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) plan- ning or volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) receive …
