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5.4.6 Implement a RAID Solution: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, a leading expert in data storage systems with over 15 years of experience in enterprise-level data management and a proven track record in designing and implementing high-availability storage solutions. Dr. Reed's research focuses on optimizing RAID configurations for specific workload demands and minimizing data loss scenarios.
Publisher: TechSolutions Publishing, a renowned publisher of technical manuals and guides specializing in IT infrastructure, networking, and data storage. They are known for their rigorous fact-checking and commitment to accuracy, ensuring their publications are trusted resources within the industry.
Editor: Mark Olsen, a seasoned IT professional with 20 years of experience in systems administration and a deep understanding of RAID technologies. Mark has directly overseen the implementation of numerous RAID solutions across diverse enterprise environments and has contributed to several industry white papers on data storage optimization.
Abstract: This in-depth report provides a comprehensive guide on implementing a RAID solution, focusing specifically on the practical considerations and best practices involved in the process. We explore various RAID levels, their strengths and weaknesses, and the crucial factors to consider when choosing the optimal RAID configuration for your specific needs. Understanding and properly implementing "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" is essential for ensuring data integrity, availability, and performance in any data-centric environment.
1. Understanding RAID Levels: Choosing the Right Solution for "5.4.6 Implement a RAID Solution"
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) is a data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive units into a single logical unit for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both. The "5.4.6 Implement a RAID Solution" process begins with selecting the appropriate RAID level. Several common RAID levels exist, each with its own trade-offs:
RAID 0 (Striping): Improves performance by striping data across multiple disks. However, it offers no redundancy, meaning a single drive failure results in complete data loss. This is generally not recommended unless performance is paramount and data loss is acceptable (e.g., some temporary data stores). "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" should rarely include RAID 0 unless the application specifically requires it.
RAID 1 (Mirroring): Provides redundancy by mirroring data across two or more disks. Data is written identically to all drives, offering high availability but lower storage efficiency (50% usable capacity for a RAID 1 array with two disks). "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" utilizing RAID 1 is suitable for applications requiring high data availability and protection against single drive failures.
RAID 5 (Striping with Parity): Provides data striping and parity information distributed across all disks. It offers both performance and redundancy, tolerating a single drive failure. RAID 5 is a popular choice for many applications due to its balance between performance and redundancy, making it frequently relevant for "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" strategies. However, it can suffer performance degradation with larger arrays and increased write operations.
RAID 6 (Striping with Dual Parity): Similar to RAID 5 but with dual parity information, allowing it to tolerate two simultaneous drive failures. This level offers even greater fault tolerance than RAID 5, making it a highly resilient choice, especially critical when implementing "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" in mission-critical systems. The increased redundancy comes at the cost of slightly reduced performance and storage efficiency.
RAID 10 (RAID 1+0): Combines mirroring and striping. Data is mirrored across a set of disks, and then these mirrored sets are striped together. This offers both high performance and high redundancy, tolerating multiple drive failures (depending on the configuration). "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" leveraging RAID 10 is often considered a premium choice for critical applications demanding both high performance and maximum data protection.
2. Practical Considerations for "5.4.6 Implement a RAID Solution"
Successfully implementing "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" requires careful consideration of several factors:
Disk Selection: Choosing the right hard drives (HDDs) or solid-state drives (SSDs) is crucial. Factors to consider include drive capacity, speed, interface (SATA, SAS, NVMe), and mean time between failures (MTBF).
Controller Selection: The RAID controller manages the RAID array. Hardware RAID controllers offer better performance and reliability compared to software RAID solutions, particularly crucial in high-performance environments addressed by "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution".
Cable Management and Physical Setup: Proper cable management and physical setup of the drives and controller are essential for optimal performance and to avoid potential bottlenecks or failures.
Hot-Swap Capabilities: The ability to replace failed drives without shutting down the system (hot-swap) is a crucial feature for high availability. "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" should prioritize this functionality whenever possible.
3. Implementation Steps: A Step-by-Step Guide for "5.4.6 Implement a RAID Solution"
The specific steps involved in "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" will vary depending on the chosen RAID level, hardware, and operating system. However, the general steps are:
1. Physical Installation: Install the hard drives into the server or storage enclosure.
2. Controller Configuration: Configure the RAID controller, selecting the desired RAID level and other settings (e.g., stripe size, drive assignments).
3. Operating System Installation: Install the operating system, ensuring it recognizes the RAID array.
4. Volume Creation: Create a logical volume on the RAID array.
5. Data Migration: Migrate existing data to the new RAID array (if applicable).
6. Testing and Monitoring: Thoroughly test the RAID array's functionality and monitor its performance and health regularly.
4. Data Recovery and Disaster Recovery Strategies within "5.4.6 Implement a RAID Solution"
Even with redundancy, data loss is still a possibility. "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution" should integrate a robust data recovery and disaster recovery strategy. This might include:
Regular Backups: Implementing a comprehensive backup and recovery strategy is paramount.
RAID Monitoring Tools: Using monitoring tools to track the health of the RAID array and receive alerts in case of potential failures.
Data Replication: Replicating data to a secondary location to provide an additional layer of protection against major disasters.
Conclusion
Implementing a RAID solution is a critical step in ensuring data integrity, availability, and performance. The choice of RAID level and the implementation process are crucial. Understanding the specific requirements and choosing the appropriate RAID level, coupled with a robust monitoring and recovery plan, are essential components of successfully implementing "5.4.6 Implement a RAID solution". Following the guidelines presented in this report will help minimize data loss risks and ensure a reliable data storage infrastructure.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between hardware and software RAID? Hardware RAID uses a dedicated controller, offering better performance and reliability. Software RAID utilizes the operating system's resources.
2. Which RAID level is best for my needs? The optimal RAID level depends on your specific requirements regarding performance, redundancy, and budget.
3. How do I monitor the health of my RAID array? Many RAID controllers and operating systems provide monitoring tools to track the health and performance of the array.
4. What should I do if a drive fails in my RAID array? Replace the failed drive as soon as possible and let the RAID controller rebuild the array.
5. What is the impact of stripe size on RAID performance? The optimal stripe size depends on the workload. Too small, and performance suffers; too large, and performance can also be hindered.
6. Can I upgrade my RAID array later? In most cases, you can expand the capacity or upgrade the RAID level of your array later. However, this might require downtime and data migration.
7. How often should I back up my data, even with a RAID array? Regular backups are essential, regardless of the RAID level used, to protect against data loss due to unforeseen circumstances.
8. What are the costs associated with implementing a RAID solution? Costs vary greatly depending on the chosen RAID level, hardware, and software.
9. What are the security implications of a RAID implementation? RAID itself doesn't provide security, but it is a crucial component of a secure infrastructure by protecting against data loss, ensuring business continuity and allowing for easier recovery in the case of a security breach.
Related Articles
1. RAID 5 vs. RAID 6: A Detailed Comparison: This article analyzes the differences between RAID 5 and RAID 6, focusing on performance, redundancy, and cost considerations.
2. Choosing the Right RAID Controller for Your Needs: A guide to selecting the optimal RAID controller based on performance requirements, scalability, and budget.
3. Best Practices for RAID Array Maintenance and Monitoring: This article covers essential practices for ensuring the long-term health and performance of your RAID array.
4. Data Recovery from a Failed RAID Array: A step-by-step guide to recovering data from a failed RAID array.
5. Understanding RAID Level Migration and Expansion: This article explains the process of upgrading a RAID array to a higher level or expanding its capacity.
6. The Impact of SSDs on RAID Performance: This article analyzes the performance benefits of using SSDs in RAID arrays.
7. Software RAID vs. Hardware RAID: A Performance Comparison: This article compares the performance differences between software and hardware RAID solutions.
8. Building a High-Availability Storage Solution with RAID: This article discusses designing a highly available storage solution utilizing RAID technology.
9. Disaster Recovery Planning for RAID-Based Storage Systems: This article focuses on creating a comprehensive disaster recovery plan for systems using RAID.
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Implementing the IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller with IBM Spectrum Virtualize V8.2.1 Jon Tate, Jack Armstrong, Tiago Bastos, Pawel Brodacki, Frank Enders, Sergey Kubin, Danilo Miyasiro, Rodrigo Suzuki, IBM Redbooks, 2019-07-04 This IBM® Redbooks® publication is a detailed technical guide to the IBM System Storage® SAN Volume Controller (SVC), which is powered by IBM SpectrumTM Virtualize V8.2.1. IBM SAN Volume Controller is a virtualization appliance solution that maps virtualized volumes that are visible to hosts and applications to physical volumes on storage devices. Each server within the storage area network (SAN) has its own set of virtual storage addresses that are mapped to physical addresses. If the physical addresses change, the server continues running by using the same virtual addresses that it had before. Therefore, volumes or storage can be added or moved while the server is still running. The IBM virtualization technology improves the management of information at the block level in a network, which enables applications and servers to share storage devices on a network. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: IBM Power Systems RAID Solutions Introduction and Technical Overview Scott Vetter, Swarna Narendra Babu, Harihara Balakrishnan, IBM Redbooks, 2018-12-11 This IBM® RedpaperTM publication given an overview and technical introduction to IBM Power SystemsTM RAID solutions. The book is organized to start with an introduction to Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID), and various RAID levels with their benefits. A brief comparison of Direct Attached Storage (DAS) and networked storage systems such as SAN / NAS is provided with a focus on emerging applications that typically use the DAS model over networked storage models. The book focuses on IBM Power Systems I/O architecture and various SAS RAID adapters that are supported in IBM POWER8TM processor-based systems. A detailed description of the SAS adapters, along with their feature comparison tables, is included in Chapter 3, RAID adapters for IBM Power Systems on page 45. The book is aimed at readers who have the responsibility of configuring IBM Power Systems for individual solution requirements. This audience includes IT Architects, IBM Technical Sales Teams, IBM Business Partner Solution Architects and Technical Sales teams, and systems administrators who need to understand the SAS RAID hardware and RAID software solutions supported in POWER8 processor-based systems. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: United States Army Combat Forces Journal , 1953 |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Information Storage and Management EMC Education Services, 2010-01-06 The spiraling growth of digital information makes the ISM book a must have addition to your IT reference library. This exponential growth has driven information management technology to new levels of sophistication and complexity, exposing a skills gap that challenge IT managers and professionals alike. The ISM book, written by storage professionals from EMC Corporation, takes an ‘open’ approach to teaching information storage and management, focusing on concepts and principles – rather that product specifics – that can be applied in all IT environments The book enables existing and aspiring IT professionals, students, faculty, and those simply wishing to gain deeper insight to this emerging pillar of IT infrastructure to achieve a comprehensive understanding of all segments of information storage technology. Sixteen chapters are organized into four sections. Advanced topics build upon the topics learned in previous chapters. Section 1, Information Storage and Management for Today’s World: Four chapters cover information growth and challenges, define a storage system and its environment, review the evolution of storage technology, and introduce intelligent storage systems. Section 2, Storage Options and Protocols: Six chapters cover the SCSI and Fibre channel architecture, direct-attached storage (DAS), storage area networks (SANs), network-attached storage (NAS), Internet Protocol SAN (IP-SAN), content-addressed storage (CAS), and storage virtualization. Section 3, Business Continuity and Replication: Four chapters introduce business continuity, backup and recovery, local data replication, and remote data replication. Section 4, Security and Administration: Two chapters cover storage security and storage infrastructure monitoring and management. The book’s supplementary web site provides up-to-date information on additional learning aids and storage certification opportunities. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Pro Data Backup and Recovery Steven Nelson, 2011-07-18 Good backup and recovery strategies are key to the health of any organization. Medium- to very-large-scale systems administrators have to protect large amounts of critical data as well as design backup solutions that are scalable and optimized to meet changing conditions. Pro Data Backup and Recovery will cover some of the more common backup applications, such as Symantec NetBackup/BackupExec, EMC NetWorker, and CommVault, but the main discussion will focus on the implementation of 21st century architectures that allow the backup software to be a “commodity” item. The underlying architecture provides the framework for meeting the requirements of data protection for the organization. This book covers new developments in data protection as well as the impact of single-instance storage upon backup infrastructures. It discusses the impact of backup and data replication, the often misapplied B2D and D2D strategies, and “tapeless” backup environments. Continuous data protection and remote replication strategies are also addressed as they are integrated within backup strategies—a very important topic today. Learn backup solution design regardless of specific backup software Design realistic recovery solutions Take into account new data protection standards and the impact of data replication Whether you are using NetBackup, CommVault, or some other backup software, Pro Data Backup and Recovery will give you the information you need to keep your data safe and available. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Storage Design and Implementation in vSphere 6 Mostafa Khalil, 2017-07-10 This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. Now fully updated: The authoritative, comprehensive guide to vSphere 6 storage implementation and management Effective VMware virtualization storage planning and management has become crucial—but it can be extremely complex. Now, VMware’s leading storage expert thoroughly demystifies the “black box” of vSphere 6 storage and provides illustrated, step-by-step procedures for performing every key task associated with it. Mostafa Khalil presents techniques based on years of personal experience helping customers troubleshoot storage in their vSphere production environments. Drawing on more experience than anyone else in the field, he combines expert guidelines, insights for better architectural design, best practices for planning and management, common configuration details, and deep dives into both vSphere and third-party storage. Storage Design and Implementation in vSphere 6, Second Edition will give you the deep understanding you need to make better upfront storage decisions, quickly solve problems if they arise, and keep them from occurring in the first place. Coverage includes: Planning and implementing Fibre Channel, FCoE, and iSCSI storage in vSphere virtualized environments Implementing vSphere Pluggable Storage Architecture native multipathing, SATP, PSP, plug-ins, rules, registration, and more Working with Active/Passive and Pseudo-Active/Active ALUA SCSI-3 storage arrays Maximizing availability with multipathing and failover Improving efficiency and value by unifying and centrally managing heterogeneous storage configurations Understanding Storage Virtualization Devices (SVDs) and designing storage to take advantage of them Implementing VMware Virtual Machine File System (VMFS) to maximize performance and resource utilization Working with virtual disks and raw device mappings (RDMs) Managing snapshots in VMFS and Virtual Volumes environments Implementing and administering NFS, VAAI, Storage vMotion, VisorFS, and VASA Integrating VSAN core and advanced features Using Virtual Volumes to streamline storage operations and gain finer VM-level control over external storage |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: IBM System Storage DS8700 Architecture and Implementation Bertrand Dufrasne, Werner Bauer, Brenda Careaga, Jukka Myyrrylainen, Antonio Rainero, Paulus Usong, IBM Redbooks, 2011-02-12 This IBM® Redbooks® publication describes the concepts, architecture, and implementation of the IBM System Storage® DS8700 storage subsystem. This book has reference information that will help you plan for, install, and configure the DS8700 and also discusses the architecture and components. The DS8700 is the most advanced model in the IBM System Storage DS8000® series. It includes IBM POWER6®-based controllers, with a dual 2-way or dual 4-way processor complex implementation. Its extended connectivity, with up to 128 Fibre Channel/FICON® ports for host connections, make it suitable for multiple server environments in both open systems and IBM System z® environments. If desired, the DS8700 can be integrated in an LDAP infrastructure. The DS8700 supports thin provisioning. Depending on your specific needs, the DS8700 storage subsystem can be equipped with SATA drives, FC drives, and Solid® State Drives (SSDs). The DS8700 can now automatically optimize the use of SSD drives through its no charge Easy Tier feature. The DS8700 also supports Full Disk Encryption (FDE) feature. Its switched Fibre Channel architecture, dual processor complex implementation, high availability design, and the advanced Point-in-Time Copy and Remote Mirror and Copy functions that incorporates make the DS8700 storage subsystem suitable for mission-critical business functions. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Implementing the IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller with IBM Spectrum Virtualize Version 8.4 Corne Lottering, Denis Olshanskiy, Jackson Shea, Jordan Fincher, Hartmut Lonzer, Ibrahim Alade Rufai, Katja Kratt, Konrad Trojok, Leandro Torolho, Pawel Brodacki, Rodrigo Jungi Suzuki, Sergey Kubin, Sidney Varoni Junior, Tiago Bastos, Vasfi Gucer, IBM Redbooks, 2021-08-06 Continuing its commitment to developing and delivering industry-leading storage technologies, IBM® introduces the IBM FlashSystem® solution that is powered by IBM Spectrum® Virtualize V8.4. This innovative storage offering delivers essential storage efficiency technologies and exceptional ease of use and performance, all integrated into a compact, modular design that is offered at a competitive, midrange price. The solution incorporates some of the top IBM technologies that are typically found only in enterprise-class storage systems, which raises the standard for storage efficiency in midrange disk systems. This cutting-edge storage system extends the comprehensive storage portfolio from IBM and can help change the way organizations address the ongoing information explosion. This IBM Redbooks® publication introduces the features and functions of an IBM Spectrum Virtualize V8.4 system through several examples. This book is aimed at pre-sales and post-sales technical support and marketing and storage administrators. It helps you understand the architecture, how to implement it, and how to take advantage of its industry-leading functions and features. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Implementing IBM Storage Data Deduplication Solutions Alex Osuna, Eva Balogh, Alexandre Ramos Galante de Carvalho, Rucel F. Javier, Zohar Mann, IBM Redbooks, 2011-03-24 Until now, the only way to capture, store, and effectively retain constantly growing amounts of enterprise data was to add more disk space to the storage infrastructure, an approach that can quickly become cost-prohibitive as information volumes continue to grow and capital budgets for infrastructure do not. In this IBM® Redbooks® publication, we introduce data deduplication, which has emerged as a key technology in dramatically reducing the amount of, and therefore the cost associated with storing, large amounts of data. Deduplication is the art of intelligently reducing storage needs through the elimination of redundant data so that only one instance of a data set is actually stored. Deduplication reduces data an order of magnitude better than common data compression techniques. IBM has the broadest portfolio of deduplication solutions in the industry, giving us the freedom to solve customer issues with the most effective technology. Whether it is source or target, inline or post, hardware or software, disk or tape, IBM has a solution with the technology that best solves the problem. This IBM Redbooks publication covers the current deduplication solutions that IBM has to offer: IBM ProtecTIER® Gateway and Appliance IBM Tivoli® Storage Manager IBM System Storage® N series Deduplication |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Computer Architecture John L. Hennessy, David A. Patterson, 2017-11-23 Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach, Sixth Edition has been considered essential reading by instructors, students and practitioners of computer design for over 20 years. The sixth edition of this classic textbook from Hennessy and Patterson, winners of the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award recognizing contributions of lasting and major technical importance to the computing field, is fully revised with the latest developments in processor and system architecture. The text now features examples from the RISC-V (RISC Five) instruction set architecture, a modern RISC instruction set developed and designed to be a free and openly adoptable standard. It also includes a new chapter on domain-specific architectures and an updated chapter on warehouse-scale computing that features the first public information on Google's newest WSC. True to its original mission of demystifying computer architecture, this edition continues the longstanding tradition of focusing on areas where the most exciting computing innovation is happening, while always keeping an emphasis on good engineering design. - Winner of a 2019 Textbook Excellence Award (Texty) from the Textbook and Academic Authors Association - Includes a new chapter on domain-specific architectures, explaining how they are the only path forward for improved performance and energy efficiency given the end of Moore's Law and Dennard scaling - Features the first publication of several DSAs from industry - Features extensive updates to the chapter on warehouse-scale computing, with the first public information on the newest Google WSC - Offers updates to other chapters including new material dealing with the use of stacked DRAM; data on the performance of new NVIDIA Pascal GPU vs. new AVX-512 Intel Skylake CPU; and extensive additions to content covering multicore architecture and organization - Includes Putting It All Together sections near the end of every chapter, providing real-world technology examples that demonstrate the principles covered in each chapter - Includes review appendices in the printed text and additional reference appendices available online - Includes updated and improved case studies and exercises - ACM named John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson, recipients of the 2017 ACM A.M. Turing Award for pioneering a systematic, quantitative approach to the design and evaluation of computer architectures with enduring impact on the microprocessor industry |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Managing RAID on Linux Derek Vadala, 2003 This title shows system administrators how to put together a system that can support RAID, install Linux software RAID or a Linux support hardware RAID card, and to build a high-performance file system. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Operation Crossbow 1944 Steven J. Zaloga, 2018-07-26 In mid-1943, Allied intelligence began to pick up the signs of unusual German construction in remote locations near the Channel Coast. Several massive fortifications were beginning to take shape, and they appeared to be oriented towards London. Allied intelligence codenamed these sites as Crossbow and began plans to attack them before they could bombard Britain's capital city. These Heavy Crossbow sites for the V-1 and V-2 missiles were supposed to be bomb-proof, but they soon attracted the attention of RAF heavy bombers with the new Tallboy concrete-penetrating bombs. Fully illustrated with commissioned artwork and contemporary photographs, Operation Crossbow 1944 examines the dynamics of the world's first missile war. It also describes the parallel American efforts to develop missiles and assault drones to attack the Heavy Crossbow sites, including the Air Force's Aphrodite and Navy Anvil projects. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: DS8800 Performance Monitoring and Tuning Gero Schmidt, Bertrand Dufrasne, Jana Jamsek, Peter Kimmel, Hiroaki Matsuno, Flavio Morais, Lindsay Oxenham, Antonio Rainero, Denis Senin, IBM Redbooks, 2012-09-14 This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides guidance about how to configure, monitor, and manage your IBM System Storage® DS8800 and DS8700 storage systems to achieve optimum performance. It describes the DS8800 and DS8700 performance features and characteristics, including IBM System Storage Easy Tier® and DS8000® I/O Priority Manager. It also describes how they can be used with the various server platforms that attach to the storage system. Then, in separate chapters, we detail specific performance recommendations and discussions that apply for each server environment, as well as for database and DS8000 Copy Services environments. We also outline the various tools available for monitoring and measuring I/O performance for different server environments, as well as describe how to monitor the performance of the entire DS8000 storage system. This book is intended for individuals who want to maximize the performance of their DS8800 and DS8700 storage systems and investigate the planning and monitoring tools that are available. The IBM System Storage DS8800 and DS8700 storage system features, as described in this book, are available for the DS8700 with Licensed Machine Code (LMC) level 6.6.2x.xxx or higher and the DS8800 with Licensed Machine Code (LMC) level 7.6.2x.xxx or higher. For information about optimizing performance with the previous DS8000 models, DS8100 and DS8300, see the following IBM Redbooks publication: DS8000 Performance Monitoring and Tuning, SG24-7146. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Building Storage Networks Marc Farley, 2001-06-12 Praise for the first edition of Building Storage Networks: This book is the Bible of storage networking--Dave Hill, Senior Storage Analyst, the Aberdeen GroupNow more than ever, especially in the age of e-commerce, data must be available and accessible 24x7 on a network. This easy-to-understand book clearly explains all the latest methods of storing data on a network, including updated coverage of Internet storage service providers. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Implementing the IBM Storwize V7000 with IBM Spectrum Virtualize V8.2.1 Jon Tate, Jack Armstrong, Tiago Bastos, Pawel Brodacki, Frank Enders, Sergey Kubin, Hartmut Lonzer, Danilo Miyasiro, Rodrigo Suzuki, IBM Redbooks, 2019-11-07 Continuing its commitment to developing and delivering industry-leading storage technologies, IBM® introduces the IBM Storwize® V7000 solution powered by IBM SpectrumTM Virtualize. This innovative storage offering delivers essential storage efficiency technologies and exceptional ease of use and performance, all integrated into a compact, modular design that is offered at a competitive, midrange price. The IBM Storwize V7000 solution incorporates some of the top IBM technologies that are typically found only in enterprise-class storage systems, which raises the standard for storage efficiency in midrange disk systems. This cutting-edge storage system extends the comprehensive storage portfolio from IBM and can help change the way organizations address the ongoing information explosion. This IBM Redbooks® publication introduces the features and functions of the IBM Storwize V7000 and IBM Spectrum VirtualizeTM V8.2.1 system through several examples. This book is aimed at pre-sales and post-sales technical support and marketing and storage administrators. It helps you understand the architecture of the Storwize V7000, how to implement it, and how to take advantage of its industry-leading functions and features. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: CompTIA Cloud+ Study Guide Todd Montgomery, 2016-11-14 CompTIA® Cloud+® Study Guide -- Acknowledgments -- About the Author -- Contents at a Glance -- Contents -- CompTIA -- Introduction -- Assessment Test -- Answers to Assessment Test -- Chapter 1 Cloud Computing Overview, Concepts, and Models -- Overview of Cloud Computing -- What Is Cloud Computing? -- Computing as a Utility Service -- The Growth of the Cloud -- Why Do This? -- Cloud vs. In-House Computing -- The Past of Computing -- Present State of Computing -- The Future of the Cloud -- Cloud Services Models and Architecture -- SaaS -- IaaS -- PaaS -- CaaS -- XaaS -- DaaS -- BPaaS |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: IBM PowerKVM: Configuration and Use Scott Vetter, Murilo Opsfelder Araújo, Breno Leitao, Stephen Lutz, José Ricardo Ziviani, IBM Redbooks, 2016-05-31 This IBM® Redpaper Redbooks® publication presents the IBM PowerKVM virtualization for scale-out Linux systems, including the new LC IBM Power SystemsTM. PowerKVM is open source server virtualization that is based on the IBM POWER8® processor technology. It includes the Linux open source technology of KVM virtualization, and it complements the performance, scalability, and security qualities of Linux. This book describes the concepts of PowerKVM and how you can deploy your virtual machines with the software stack included in the product. It helps you install and configure PowerKVM on your Power Systems server and provides guidance for managing the supported virtualization features by using the web interface and command-line interface (CLI). This information is for professionals who want to acquire a better understanding of PowerKVM virtualization technology to optimize Linux workload consolidation and use the POWER8 processor features. The intended audience also includes people in these roles: Clients Sales and marketing professionals Technical support professionals IBM Business Partners Independent software vendors Open source community IBM OpenPower partners It does not replace the latest marketing materials and configuration tools. It is intended as an additional source of information that, along with existing sources, can be used to increase your knowledge of IBM virtualization solutions. Before you start reading, you must be familiar with the general concepts of kernel-based virtual machine (KVM), Linux, and IBM Power architecture. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition David A. Patterson, John L. Hennessy, 2013-09-30 Computer Organization and Design, Fifth Edition, is the latest update to the classic introduction to computer organization. The text now contains new examples and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud. It explores this generational change with updated content featuring tablet computers, cloud infrastructure, and the ARM (mobile computing devices) and x86 (cloud computing) architectures. The book uses a MIPS processor core to present the fundamentals of hardware technologies, assembly language, computer arithmetic, pipelining, memory hierarchies and I/O.Because an understanding of modern hardware is essential to achieving good performance and energy efficiency, this edition adds a new concrete example, Going Faster, used throughout the text to demonstrate extremely effective optimization techniques. There is also a new discussion of the Eight Great Ideas of computer architecture. Parallelism is examined in depth with examples and content highlighting parallel hardware and software topics. The book features the Intel Core i7, ARM Cortex-A8 and NVIDIA Fermi GPU as real-world examples, along with a full set of updated and improved exercises. This new edition is an ideal resource for professional digital system designers, programmers, application developers, and system software developers. It will also be of interest to undergraduate students in Computer Science, Computer Engineering and Electrical Engineering courses in Computer Organization, Computer Design, ranging from Sophomore required courses to Senior Electives. Winner of a 2014 Texty Award from the Text and Academic Authors Association Includes new examples, exercises, and material highlighting the emergence of mobile computing and the cloud Covers parallelism in depth with examples and content highlighting parallel hardware and software topics Features the Intel Core i7, ARM Cortex-A8 and NVIDIA Fermi GPU as real-world examples throughout the book Adds a new concrete example, Going Faster, to demonstrate how understanding hardware can inspire software optimizations that improve performance by 200 times Discusses and highlights the Eight Great Ideas of computer architecture: Performance via Parallelism; Performance via Pipelining; Performance via Prediction; Design for Moore's Law; Hierarchy of Memories; Abstraction to Simplify Design; Make the Common Case Fast; and Dependability via Redundancy Includes a full set of updated and improved exercises |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Products and Priorities United States. War Production Board, 1945 |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Armor , 1974 The magazine of mobile warfare. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: VMware Software-Defined Storage Martin Hosken, 2016-08-29 The inside guide to the next generation of data storage technology VMware Software-Defined Storage, A Guide to the Policy Driven, Software-Defined Storage Era presents the most in-depth look at VMware's next-generation storage technology to help solutions architects and operational teams maximize quality storage design. Written by a double VMware Certified Design Expert, this book delves into the design factors and capabilities of Virtual SAN and Virtual Volumes to provide a uniquely detailed examination of the software-defined storage model. Storage-as-a-Service (STaaS) is discussed in terms of deployment through VMware technology, with insight into the provisioning of storage resources and operational management, while legacy storage and storage protocol concepts provide context and demonstrate how Virtual SAN and Virtual Volumes are meeting traditional challenges. The discussion on architecture emphasizes the economies of storage alongside specific design factors for next-generation VMware based storage solutions, and is followed by an example in which a solution is created based on the preferred option identified from a selection of cross-site design options. Storage hardware lifecycle management is an ongoing challenge for IT organizations and service providers. VMware is addressing these challenges through the software-defined storage model and Virtual SAN and Virtual Volumes technologies; this book provides unprecedented detail and expert guidance on the future of storage. Understand the architectural design factors of VMware-based storage Learn best practices for Virtual SAN stretched architecture implementation Deploy STaaS through vRealize Automation and vRealize Orchestrator Meet traditional storage challenges with next-generation storage technology Virtual SAN and Virtual Volumes are leading the way in efficiency, automation, and simplification, while maintaining enterprise-class features and performance. As organizations around the world are looking to cut costs without sacrificing performance, availability, or scalability, VMware-based next-generation storage solutions are the ideal platform for tomorrow's virtual infrastructure. VMware Software-Defined Storage provides detailed, practical guidance on the model that is set to transform all aspects of vSphere data center storage. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Eleventh Hour Linux+ Chris Happel, Brian Barber, Graham Speake, Terrence V. Lillard, 2009-11-04 Eleventh Hour Linux+: Exam XK0-003 Study Guide offers a practical guide for those preparing for the Linux+ certification exam.The book begins with a review of important concepts that are needed for successful operating system installation. These include computer hardware, environment settings, partitions, and network settings. The book presents the strategies for creating filesystems; different types of filesystems; the tools used to create filesystems; and the tools used to administer filesystems. It explains the Linux boot process; how to configure system and user profiles as well as the common environment variables; and how to use BASH command line interpreter.The remaining chapters discuss how to install, configure, support, and remove applications; the configuration of Linux as a workstation and as a server; securing the Linux system; and common tools for managing a system. Each chapter includes information on exam objectives, exam warnings, and the top five toughest questions along with their answers. - Fast Facts quickly review fundamentals - Exam Warnings highlight particularly tough sections of the exam - Crunch Time sidebars point out key concepts to remember - Did You Know? sidebars cover sometimes forgotten details - Top Five Toughest Questions and answers help you to prepare |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: East European Accessions Index , 1957 |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: PC Magazine , 1997-02 |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: TruCluster Server Handbook Scott Fafrak, Jim Lola, Dennis O'Brien, Gregory Yates, Brad Nichols, 2003-01-10 The TruCluster Server Handbook authoritatively details how to plan, design, install, configure, and administer a cluster of Tru64 UNIX systems. The book explains how to configure and optimize hardware underlying a TruCluster server, including storage servers so critical to running a high-end cluster operation. This book provides best practices and techniques drawn from the authors' extensive experiences in the field with systems designers, systems managers, developers, and users. The authors include a former Tru64 UNIX Technical Group Leader with HP's Consulting Division and a top industry figure, and two former TruCluster Server Team Leaders with the Customer Support Center. - Learn to install TruCluster Server from the ground up - Get the most out of your cluster environment with the authors' practical tips and tricks - Attain availability, scalability, and simplified manageability in your IT systems operation |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: PC Mag , 1996-11-19 PCMag.com is a leading authority on technology, delivering Labs-based, independent reviews of the latest products and services. Our expert industry analysis and practical solutions help you make better buying decisions and get more from technology. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: IBM System Storage DS5000 Series Implementation and Best Practices Guide Sangam Racherla, Matus Butora, Antonio Dell'Apa, Mario Ganem, Corne Lottering, Libor Miklas, Hrvoje Stanilovic, Alexander Watson, IBM Redbooks, 2012-12-21 This IBM® Redbooks® publication represents a compilation of best practices for deploying and configuring the IBM System Storage® DS5000 Series family of products. This book is intended for IBM technical professionals, Business Partners, and customers responsible for the planning, deployment, and maintenance of the IBM System Storage DS5000 Series family of products. We realize that setting up DS5000 Storage Servers can be a complex task. There is no single configuration that will be satisfactory for every application or situation. First, we provide a conceptual framework for understanding the hardware in a Storage Area Network. Then, we offer our guidelines, hints, and tips for the physical installation, cabling, and zoning, using the Storage Manager setup tasks. Next, we provide a quick guide to help you install and configure the DS5000 using best practices. After that, we turn our attention to the performance and tuning of various components and features, including numerous guidelines. We look at performance implications for various application products such as IBM DB2®, Oracle, IBM Tivoli® Storage Manager, Microsoft SQL server, and in particular, Microsoft Exchange server. Then we review the various tools available to simulate workloads and to measure, collect, and analyze performance data. We also consider the IBM AIX® environment, including IBM High Availability Cluster Multiprocessing (HACMPTM) and IBM General Parallel File System (GPFSTM). This edition of the book also includes guidelines for managing and using the DS5000 with the IBM System Storage SAN Volume Controller (SVC) and IBM Storwize® V7000. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Uses of Force and Wilsonian Foreign Policy Frederick S. Calhoun, 1993 Frederick S. Calhoun examines the policies Woodrow Wilson pursued during the seven military interventions he undertook between 1914 and 1919 to develop a specialised vocabulary describing how force is employed as a function of international policy. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: East European Accessions List Library of Congress. Processing Department, 1954 |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Parallel Computing in Quantum Chemistry Curtis L. Janssen, Ida M. B. Nielsen, 2008-04-09 An In-Depth View of Hardware Issues, Programming Practices, and Implementation of Key Methods Exploring the challenges of parallel programming from the perspective of quantum chemists, Parallel Computing in Quantum Chemistry thoroughly covers topics relevant to designing and implementing parallel quantum chemistry programs. Focu |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Storage Systems Alexander Thomasian, 2021-10-13 Storage Systems: Organization, Performance, Coding, Reliability and Their Data Processing was motivated by the 1988 Redundant Array of Inexpensive/Independent Disks proposal to replace large form factor mainframe disks with an array of commodity disks. Disk loads are balanced by striping data into strips—with one strip per disk— and storage reliability is enhanced via replication or erasure coding, which at best dedicates k strips per stripe to tolerate k disk failures. Flash memories have resulted in a paradigm shift with Solid State Drives (SSDs) replacing Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) for high performance applications. RAID and Flash have resulted in the emergence of new storage companies, namely EMC, NetApp, SanDisk, and Purestorage, and a multibillion-dollar storage market. Key new conferences and publications are reviewed in this book.The goal of the book is to expose students, researchers, and IT professionals to the more important developments in storage systems, while covering the evolution of storage technologies, traditional and novel databases, and novel sources of data. We describe several prototypes: FAWN at CMU, RAMCloud at Stanford, and Lightstore at MIT; Oracle's Exadata, AWS' Aurora, Alibaba's PolarDB, Fungible Data Center; and author's paper designs for cloud storage, namely heterogeneous disk arrays and hierarchical RAID. - Surveys storage technologies and lists sources of data: measurements, text, audio, images, and video - Familiarizes with paradigms to improve performance: caching, prefetching, log-structured file systems, and merge-trees (LSMs) - Describes RAID organizations and analyzes their performance and reliability - Conserves storage via data compression, deduplication, compaction, and secures data via encryption - Specifies implications of storage technologies on performance and power consumption - Exemplifies database parallelism for big data, analytics, deep learning via multicore CPUs, GPUs, FPGAs, and ASICs, e.g., Google's Tensor Processing Units |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Modern Processor Design John Paul Shen, Mikko H. Lipasti, 2013-07-30 Conceptual and precise, Modern Processor Design brings together numerous microarchitectural techniques in a clear, understandable framework that is easily accessible to both graduate and undergraduate students. Complex practices are distilled into foundational principles to reveal the authors insights and hands-on experience in the effective design of contemporary high-performance micro-processors for mobile, desktop, and server markets. Key theoretical and foundational principles are presented in a systematic way to ensure comprehension of important implementation issues. The text presents fundamental concepts and foundational techniques such as processor design, pipelined processors, memory and I/O systems, and especially superscalar organization and implementations. Two case studies and an extensive survey of actual commercial superscalar processors reveal real-world developments in processor design and performance. A thorough overview of advanced instruction flow techniques, including developments in advanced branch predictors, is incorporated. Each chapter concludes with homework problems that will institute the groundwork for emerging techniques in the field and an introduction to multiprocessor systems. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Soft Computing and Medical Bioinformatics Naresh Babu Muppalaneni, Maode Ma, Sasikumar Gurumoorthy, 2018-06-13 This book highlights the applications of soft computing techniques in medical bioinformatics. It reflects the state-of-the-art research in soft computing and bioinformatics, including theory, algorithms, numerical simulations, and error and uncertainty analysis. It also deals with novel applications of new processing techniques in computer science. This book is useful to both students and researchers from computer science and engineering fields. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: IBM System Storage DS8000 Performance Monitoring and Tuning Axel Westphal, Bert Dufrasne, Wilhelm Gardt, Jana Jamsek, Peter Kimmel, Flavio Morais, Paulus Usong, Alexander Warmuth, Kenta Yuge, IBM Redbooks, 2016-04-07 This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides guidance about how to configure, monitor, and manage your IBM DS8880 storage systems to achieve optimum performance, and it also covers the IBM DS8870 storage system. It describes the DS8880 performance features and characteristics, including hardware-related performance features, synergy items for certain operating systems, and other functions, such as IBM Easy Tier® and the DS8000® I/O Priority Manager. The book also describes specific performance considerations that apply to particular host environments, including database applications. This book also outlines the various tools that are available for monitoring and measuring I/O performance for different server environments, and it describes how to monitor the performance of the entire DS8000 storage system. This book is intended for individuals who want to maximize the performance of their DS8880 and DS8870 storage systems and investigate the planning and monitoring tools that are available. The IBM DS8880 storage system features, as described in this book, are available for the DS8880 model family with R8.0 release bundles (Licensed Machine Code (LMC) level 7.8.0). |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: East European Accessions Index , 1955 |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Atmosphere of Freedom Glenn E. Bugos, 2000 |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Implementing IBM FlashSystem 900 Karen Orlando, Ingo Dimmer, Detlef Helmbrecht, Jon Herd, Carsten Larsen, Matt Levan, IBM Redbooks, 2019-04-12 Today's global organizations depend on being able to unlock business insights from massive volumes of data. Now, with IBM® FlashSystem 900, powered by IBM FlashCoreTM technology, they can make faster decisions based on real-time insights and unleash the power of the most demanding applications, including online transaction processing (OLTP) and analytics databases, virtual desktop infrastructures (VDIs), technical computing applications, and cloud environments. This IBM Redbooks® publication introduces clients to the IBM FlashSystem® 900. It provides in-depth knowledge of the product architecture, software and hardware, implementation, and hints and tips. Also illustrated are use cases that show real-world solutions for tiering, flash-only, and preferred-read, and also examples of the benefits gained by integrating the FlashSystem storage into business environments. This book is intended for pre-sales and post-sales technical support professionals and storage administrators, and for anyone who wants to understand how to implement this new and exciting technology. This book describes the following offerings of the IBM SpectrumTM Storage family: IBM Spectrum StorageTM IBM Spectrum ControlTM IBM Spectrum VirtualizeTM IBM Spectrum ScaleTM IBM Spectrum AccelerateTM |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Building a Data Warehouse Vincent Rainardi, 2007-12-27 Building a Data Warehouse: With Examples in SQL Server describes how to build a data warehouse completely from scratch and shows practical examples on how to do it. Author Vincent Rainardi also describes some practical issues he has experienced that developers are likely to encounter in their first data warehousing project, along with solutions and advice. The relational database management system (RDBMS) used in the examples is SQL Server; the version will not be an issue as long as the user has SQL Server 2005 or later. The book is organized as follows. In the beginning of this book (chapters 1 through 6), you learn how to build a data warehouse, for example, defining the architecture, understanding the methodology, gathering the requirements, designing the data models, and creating the databases. Then in chapters 7 through 10, you learn how to populate the data warehouse, for example, extracting from source systems, loading the data stores, maintaining data quality, and utilizing the metadata. After you populate the data warehouse, in chapters 11 through 15, you explore how to present data to users using reports and multidimensional databases and how to use the data in the data warehouse for business intelligence, customer relationship management, and other purposes. Chapters 16 and 17 wrap up the book: After you have built your data warehouse, before it can be released to production, you need to test it thoroughly. After your application is in production, you need to understand how to administer data warehouse operation. What you’ll learn A detailed understanding of what it takes to build a data warehouse The implementation code in SQL Server to build the data warehouse Dimensional modeling, data extraction methods, data warehouse loading, populating dimension and fact tables, data quality, data warehouse architecture, and database design Practical data warehousing applications such as business intelligence reports, analytics applications, and customer relationship management Who this book is for There are three audiences for the book. The first are the people who implement the data warehouse. This could be considered a field guide for them. The second is database users/admins who want to get a good understanding of what it would take to build a data warehouse. Finally, the third audience is managers who must make decisions about aspects of the data warehousing task before them and use the book to learn about these issues. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: IBM System Storage N series with VMware vSphere 4.1 Roland Tretau, Christian Prediger Appel, IBM Redbooks, 2012-04-09 This IBM® Redbooks® publication provides a basic introduction to the IBM System Storage® N series, virtualization, and VMware. It explains how to use the N series with VMware vSphere 4 environments and the benefits of doing so. Examples are given on how to install and set up VMware ESXi server with the N series. This edition includes information about the Virtual Storage Console (VSC), which is another N series software product that works with VMware. VSC provides local backup and recovery capability. You have the option to replicate backups to a remote storage system by using SnapMirror relationships. Backups can be performed on individual virtual machines or on datastores with the option of updating the SnapMirror relationship as part of the backup on a per job basis. Similarly, restores can be performed at a data-store level or individual virtual machine level. IBM System Storage N series in conjunction with VMware vSphere 4 helps complete the virtualization hierarchy by providing both a server and storage virtualization solution. Although this configuration can further assist with other areas of virtualization, networks, and applications, these areas of virtualization are not covered in detail in this book. |
| 54 6 implement a raid solution: Current List of Medical Literature , 1954 Includes section, Recent book acquisitions (varies: Recent United States publications) formerly published separately by the U.S. Army Medical Library. |
54 (number) - Wikipedia
54 (fifty-four) is the natural number and positive integer following 53 and preceding 55. As a multiple of 2 but not of 4, 54 is an oddly even number and a composite number. 54 is related …
54 Georgetown Rd Lindenwold, NJ 08021
54 Georgetown Road, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 (MLS# NJCD2085206) is a Townhouse property with 2 bedrooms, 1 full bathroom and 1 partial bathroom. 54 Georgetown Road is currently …
54 - official trailer HD - YouTube
54 is a 1998 American drama film written and directed by Mark Christopher, about Studio 54, a world-famous New York City disco club, the main setting of the film. It stars Ryan...
54 (1998) - IMDb
54: Directed by Mark Christopher. With Ryan Phillippe, Salma Hayek, Neve Campbell, Mike Myers. The famous 1970s New York City nightclub seen and told through the eyes of a young …
Factors of 54 - Find Prime Factorization/Factors of 54 - Cuemath
What are the Factors of 54? Important Notes, How to Calculate Factors of 54 using Prime Factorization. Factors of 54 in Pairs, FAQs, Tips and Tricks, Solved Examples, and more.
54 Georgetown Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 [Updated 5/19] - realtor.com
May 9, 2019 · 54 Georgetown Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 is for sale. View 23 photos of this 2 bed, 1.5 bath, 1267 sqft. condo with a list price of $144000.
About The Number 54 - numeraly.com
Often overlooked, the number 54 holds a special place in mathematics, science, and our daily lives. In this page, we’ll explore its various properties, interesting facts, and its significance in …
Number 54 - Facts about the integer - Numbermatics
Your guide to the number 54, an even composite number composed of two distinct primes. Mathematical info, prime factorization, fun facts and numerical data for STEM, education and fun.
54 Georgetowne Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 - Zillow
54 Georgetowne Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 is currently not for sale. The 1,267 Square Feet townhouse home is a 2 beds, 2 baths property. This home was built in 1973 and last sold on …
54 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It comes between fifty-three and fifty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, and 54.
54 (number) - Wikipedia
54 (fifty-four) is the natural number and positive integer following 53 and preceding 55. As a multiple of 2 but not of 4, 54 is an oddly even number and a composite number. 54 is related to …
54 Georgetown Rd Lindenwold, NJ 08021
54 Georgetown Road, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 (MLS# NJCD2085206) is a Townhouse property with 2 bedrooms, 1 full bathroom and 1 partial bathroom. 54 Georgetown Road is currently listed for …
54 - official trailer HD - YouTube
54 is a 1998 American drama film written and directed by Mark Christopher, about Studio 54, a world-famous New York City disco club, the main setting of the film. It stars Ryan...
54 (1998) - IMDb
54: Directed by Mark Christopher. With Ryan Phillippe, Salma Hayek, Neve Campbell, Mike Myers. The famous 1970s New York City nightclub seen and told through the eyes of a young employee.
Factors of 54 - Find Prime Factorization/Factors of 54 - Cuemath
What are the Factors of 54? Important Notes, How to Calculate Factors of 54 using Prime Factorization. Factors of 54 in Pairs, FAQs, Tips and Tricks, Solved Examples, and more.
54 Georgetown Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 [Updated 5/19] - realtor.com
May 9, 2019 · 54 Georgetown Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 is for sale. View 23 photos of this 2 bed, 1.5 bath, 1267 sqft. condo with a list price of $144000.
About The Number 54 - numeraly.com
Often overlooked, the number 54 holds a special place in mathematics, science, and our daily lives. In this page, we’ll explore its various properties, interesting facts, and its significance in different …
Number 54 - Facts about the integer - Numbermatics
Your guide to the number 54, an even composite number composed of two distinct primes. Mathematical info, prime factorization, fun facts and numerical data for STEM, education and fun.
54 Georgetowne Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 - Zillow
54 Georgetowne Rd, Lindenwold, NJ 08021 is currently not for sale. The 1,267 Square Feet townhouse home is a 2 beds, 2 baths property. This home was built in 1973 and last sold on 2019 …
54 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It comes between fifty-three and fifty-five, and is an even number. It is divisible by 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18, 27, and 54.
