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4140 Steel Mechanical Properties: A Comprehensive Examination
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD, Materials Science and Engineering, Professor of Metallurgy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Publisher: ASM International (formerly the American Society for Metals), a globally recognized leader in materials science and engineering information and education, known for its rigorous peer-review process and highly respected publications.
Editor: Dr. David Chen, PhD, Materials Engineering, Senior Editor at ASM International, with over 20 years of experience in editing materials science publications.
Abstract: This article delves into the comprehensive mechanical properties of 4140 steel, exploring its strengths, limitations, and applications. We will examine its response to various heat treatments, analyze the impact of alloying elements, and discuss the challenges and opportunities presented by this widely used alloy steel.
1. Introduction to 4140 Steel Mechanical Properties
4140 steel is a medium-carbon, chromium-molybdenum alloy steel renowned for its exceptional combination of strength, toughness, and hardenability. Its widespread use in demanding applications stems directly from its controllable mechanical properties, which can be tailored through heat treatment to meet specific performance requirements. Understanding the 4140 steel mechanical properties is crucial for engineers selecting materials for automotive components, aerospace parts, pressure vessels, and numerous other critical applications. This article provides a detailed analysis of these properties, considering the influence of various factors and offering insights into optimizing its performance.
2. Chemical Composition and its Influence on 4140 Steel Mechanical Properties
The specific mechanical properties of 4140 steel are intricately linked to its chemical composition. The primary alloying elements—chromium (Cr) and molybdenum (Mo)—play vital roles in enhancing its hardenability, strength, and toughness. Chromium contributes to corrosion resistance and increases hardenability, while molybdenum enhances hardenability and high-temperature strength. Other elements like manganese (Mn), silicon (Si), and carbon (C) also affect the final properties. The precise balance of these elements allows for a wide range of mechanical properties achievable through heat treatment. Slight variations in chemical composition can significantly impact the final characteristics of the 4140 steel mechanical properties.
3. Heat Treatment and its Impact on 4140 Steel Mechanical Properties
Heat treatment is pivotal in determining the final mechanical properties of 4140 steel. Different heat treatments result in different microstructures, leading to variations in strength, toughness, and ductility. Common heat treatments include:
Annealing: This process softens the steel, improving machinability. Annealed 4140 steel exhibits lower strength but increased ductility.
Normalizing: This heat treatment refines the grain structure, improving toughness and impact resistance.
Quenching and Tempering: This is the most common heat treatment for 4140 steel, providing high strength and hardness while maintaining sufficient toughness. The specific quenching medium (oil, water, polymer) and tempering temperature significantly influence the 4140 steel mechanical properties.
The selection of the appropriate heat treatment depends entirely on the specific application and the desired balance between strength, toughness, and ductility. Careful control of the heat treatment parameters is essential to achieve consistent and predictable 4140 steel mechanical properties.
4. Mechanical Properties of 4140 Steel: A Detailed Analysis
The key mechanical properties of 4140 steel, significantly affected by heat treatment and chemical composition, include:
Tensile Strength: This represents the maximum stress the steel can withstand before fracturing. Heat-treated 4140 steel exhibits exceptionally high tensile strength.
Yield Strength: This indicates the stress at which the steel begins to deform plastically. A higher yield strength implies greater resistance to permanent deformation.
Elongation: This measures the percentage of plastic deformation before fracture, indicating ductility.
Reduction in Area: This measures the reduction in cross-sectional area at the fracture point, providing further insight into ductility.
Hardness: Hardness reflects the steel's resistance to indentation or scratching. 4140 steel achieves high hardness through quenching and tempering.
Impact Resistance: This property, often measured using a Charpy impact test, reflects the steel's ability to absorb energy upon impact. It's crucial for applications subjected to shock loading. Understanding 4140 steel mechanical properties in this regard is critical for safety-critical applications.
Fatigue Strength: This represents the steel's resistance to failure under cyclic loading. 4140 steel demonstrates good fatigue strength, making it suitable for components experiencing repeated stress.
5. Challenges and Opportunities in Utilizing 4140 Steel
Despite its desirable properties, utilizing 4140 steel presents certain challenges:
Heat Treatment Complexity: Achieving the optimal combination of properties requires precise control over the heat treatment process. Inconsistencies can lead to variations in mechanical properties.
Cost: As an alloy steel, 4140 steel is generally more expensive than carbon steels.
Machinability: In its hardened state, 4140 steel can be difficult to machine, requiring specialized tools and techniques.
However, 4140 steel also presents significant opportunities:
High Strength-to-Weight Ratio: Its high strength allows for lighter designs, leading to improved fuel efficiency in automotive and aerospace applications.
Versatility: Its ability to be tailored through heat treatment makes it suitable for a broad range of applications.
Improved Safety and Reliability: Its high strength, toughness, and fatigue resistance contribute to increased safety and reliability in critical components.
6. Applications of 4140 Steel
The versatile mechanical properties of 4140 steel make it ideal for a multitude of applications, including:
Automotive Components: Axles, gears, connecting rods, crankshafts
Aerospace Parts: Landing gear components, fasteners
Pressure Vessels: High-pressure cylinders, piping
Machinery Parts: Shafts, gears, spindles
Tools and Dies: Forging dies, stamping dies
7. Conclusion
4140 steel's mechanical properties represent a compelling combination of strength, toughness, and hardenability, making it a material of choice for numerous high-performance applications. Understanding the influence of chemical composition and heat treatment on these properties is crucial for engineers aiming to optimize its performance and exploit its full potential. While challenges exist regarding cost and machinability, the versatility and superior mechanical properties of 4140 steel continue to drive its widespread use across various industries.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. What is the typical tensile strength of 4140 steel? The tensile strength of 4140 steel varies significantly depending on the heat treatment; however, values typically range from 100 to 200 ksi.
2. How does the hardness of 4140 steel change with tempering temperature? As the tempering temperature increases, the hardness of 4140 steel decreases.
3. What is the best heat treatment for maximum toughness in 4140 steel? A moderate quench and tempering process usually yields optimal toughness. The specifics will depend on the required strength.
4. Is 4140 steel weldable? Yes, 4140 steel is weldable, but preheating and post-weld heat treatment are often required to prevent cracking and maintain desired properties.
5. What is the difference between 4130 and 4140 steel? 4140 steel has a higher carbon content than 4130 steel, resulting in higher strength and hardness but potentially lower toughness.
6. Can 4140 steel be used in cryogenic applications? 4140 steel can be used in cryogenic applications with proper selection of heat treatment to maintain toughness at low temperatures.
7. How does corrosion resistance compare to other steels? 4140 steel offers better corrosion resistance than many carbon steels due to the presence of chromium, but it's not as corrosion-resistant as stainless steels.
8. What are the typical machining characteristics of 4140 steel? In its hardened state, 4140 steel is difficult to machine. Annealing improves machinability.
9. What are the environmental concerns associated with 4140 steel production? Similar to other steel production, environmental concerns include energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste generation.
Related Articles:
1. Heat Treatment Optimization of 4140 Steel for Enhanced Fatigue Resistance: This article focuses on specific heat treatment parameters to maximize fatigue strength.
2. The Effect of Microstructure on the Mechanical Properties of 4140 Steel: A detailed analysis of the relationship between microstructure and mechanical behavior.
3. Comparison of 4140 Steel with Other High-Strength Steels: A comparative study with different alloy steels, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of 4140 steel.
4. Fracture Mechanics of 4140 Steel Under Various Loading Conditions: An in-depth study of fracture behavior under different stress states.
5. Case Studies: Successful Applications of 4140 Steel in Critical Components: Real-world examples showcasing the successful use of 4140 steel in demanding applications.
6. Advanced Machining Techniques for Hardened 4140 Steel: Exploring specialized machining methods for improved efficiency and surface finish.
7. Welding and Joining of 4140 Steel: Best Practices and Challenges: A detailed guide to welding procedures and considerations for 4140 steel.
8. The Influence of Alloying Elements on the Hardenability of 4140 Steel: A focused study on the effects of individual alloying elements on the steel's hardenability.
9. Cost-Effective Manufacturing Strategies for 4140 Steel Components: An analysis of manufacturing methods to optimize production costs while maintaining quality.
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Atlas of Fatigue Curves Howard E. Boyer, 1985-12-31 Contains more than 500 fatigue curves for industrial ferrous and nonferrous alloys. Also includes an explanation of fatigue testing and interpretation of test results. Each curve is presented independently and includes an explanation of its particular importance. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Bainite in Steels Harshad Kumar Dharamshi Hansraj Bhadeshia, 2001 The second edition of this modern classic encompasses the latest research, which sees bainitic alloys at the forefront of a new wave of designed steels. Contents include: Nomenclature; Introduction; Bainitic Ferrite; Carbide Precipitation; Tempering of Bainite; Thermodynamics; Kinetics; Upper and Lower Bainite; Stress and Strain Effects; Reverse Transformation from Bainite to Austenite; Acicular Ferrite; Other Morphologies of Bainite; Mechanical Properties; Modern Bainitic Alloys;Other Aspects; The Transformation of Steel. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Availability and Mechanical Properties of High-strength Steel Extrusions Robert John Fiorentino, Alvin M. Sabroff, 1960 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Advanced Engineering Optimization Through Intelligent Techniques R. Venkata Rao, Jan Taler, 2019-07-09 This book comprises select peer-reviewed papers presented at the International Conference on Advanced Engineering Optimization Through Intelligent Techniques (AEOTIT) 2018. The book combines contributions from academics and industry professionals, and covers advanced optimization techniques across all major engineering disciplines like mechanical, manufacturing, civil, automobile, electrical, chemical, computer and electronics engineering. Different optimization techniques and algorithms such as genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE), simulated annealing (SA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, artificial immune algorithm (AIA), teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) algorithm and many other latest meta-heuristic techniques and their applications are discussed. This book will serve as a valuable reference for students, researchers and practitioners and help them in solving a wide range of optimization problems. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Metal Removal by Electrochemical Methods and Its Effects on Mechanical Properties of Metals John A. Gurklis, 1965 This report assembles and correlates information on the effects of electrochemical metal-removal (ECMR) processes on mechanical properties. Of special interest and concern are the effects of ECMR on fatigue strength. The report covers four electrochemical metal-removal processes: electrochemical machining (ECM), electrolytic grinding (EG), electrochemical milling, and electropolishing. General characteristics and applications of the four methods are presented and discussed; special emphasis is placed on ECM. The ECMR processes are especially useful in shaping high-strength and difficult-to-machine metals and alloys, as well as in shaping parts with unusual, complex, or fragile characteristics. (Author). |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture Joseph R. Davis, 2005 All of the critical technical aspects of gear materials technology are addressed in this new reference work. Gear Materials, Properties, and Manufacture is intended for gear metallurgists and materials specialists, manufacturing engineers, lubrication technologists, and analysts concerned with gear failures who seek a better understanding of gear performance and gear life. This volume complements other gear texts that emphasize the design, geometry, and theory of gears. The coverage begins with an overview of the various types of gears used, important gear terminology, applied stresses and strength requirements associated with gears, and lubrication and wear. This is followed by in-depth treatment of metallic (ferrous and nonferrous alloys) and plastic gear materials. Emphasis is on the properties of carburized steels, the material of choice for high-performance power transmission gearing. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Alloying Joseph R. Davis, 2001-01-01 Alloying: Understanding the Basics is a comprehensive guide to the influence of alloy additions on mechanical properties, physical properties, corrosion and chemical behavior, and processing and manufacturing characteristics. The coverage considers alloying to include any addition of an element or compound that interacts with a base metal to influence properties. Thus, the book addresses the beneficial effects of major alloy additions, inoculants, dopants, grain refiners, and other elements that have been deliberately added to improve performance, as well the detrimental effects of minor elements or residual (tramp) elements included in charge materials or that result from improper melting or refining techniques. The content is presented in a concise, user-friendly format. Numerous figures and tables are provided. The coverage has been weighted to provided the most detailed information on the most industrially important materials. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Additively Manufactured Materials Ravi. K. Kumar, S.C. Vettivel, R. Subramanian, 2023-09-13 The book highlights mechanical, thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties, and characterization of additive manufactured products in a single volume. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse engineering fields including industrial, manufacturing, and materials science. This text Explains mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength of additive manufactured components Discusses characterization of components fabricated by different additive manufacturing processes including fusion deposition modeling, and selective laser sintering Highlights corrosion behavior of additive manufactured polymers, metals, and composites Covers thermal, electrical, and magnetic properties of additively manufactured materials Illustrates intrinsic features and their Influence on mechanical properties of additive manufactured products This text discusses properties, wear behavior and characterization of components produced by additive manufacturing technology. These products find applications in diverse fields including design, manufacturing and tooling, aerospace, automotive industry, and biomedical industry. It will further help the readers in understanding the parameters that influence the mechanical behavior and characterization of components manufactured by additive manufacturing processes. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, automotive engineering, aerospace engineering, and materials science. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Microstructure of Steels and Cast Irons Madeleine Durand-Charre, 2004-03-15 The book comprises three parts. Part 1 gives a historical description of the development of ironworking techniques since the earliest times. Part 2 is the core of the book and deals with the metallurgical basis of microstructures, with four main themes: phase diagrams, solidification processes, diffusion, and solid state phase transformations. Part 3 begins by an introduction to steel design principles. It then goes on to consider the different categories of steels, placing emphasis on their specific microstructural features. Finally, a comprehensive reference list includes several hundred pertinent articles and books. The book is the work of a single author, thus ensuring uniformity and concision. It is intended for scientists, metallurgical engineers and senior technicians in research and development laboratories, design offices and quality departments, as well as for teachers and students in universities, technical colleges and other higher education establishments. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: PRACTICAL HEAT TREATING JON L. DOSSETT, 2020 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Rules of Thumb for Mechanical Engineers J. Edward Pope, 1997 Fluids -- Heat transfer -- Thermodynamics -- Mechanical seals -- Pumps and compressors -- Drivers -- Gears -- Bearings -- Piping and pressure vessels -- Tribology -- Vibration -- Materials -- Stress and strain -- Fatigue -- Instrumentation -- Engineering economics. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Technical Aspects of Critical Materials Use by the Steel Industry: B. Proceedings of a public workshop "Trends in critical materials requirements for steels of the future; conservation and substitution technology for chromium." , 1983 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Technical Aspects of Critical Materials Use by the Steel Industry , 1983 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports , 1982 Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Sand Control in Well Construction and Operation Davorin Matanovic, Marin Cikes, Bojan Moslavac, 2012-02-22 Produced sand causes a lot of problems. From that reasons sand production must be monitored and kept within acceptable limits. Sand control problems in wells result from improper completion techniques or changes in reservoir properties. The idea is to provide support to the formation to prevent movement under stresses resulting from fluid flow from reservoir to well bore. That means that sand control often result with reduced well production. Control of sand production is achieved by: reducing drag forces (the cheapest and most effective method), mechanical sand bridging (screens, gravel packs) and increasing of formation strength (chemical consolidation). For open hole completions or with un-cemented slotted liners/screens sand failure will occur and must be predicted. Main problem is plugging. To combat well failures due to plugging and sand breakthrough Water-Packing or Shunt-Packing are used. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (ICETE) Suresh Chandra Satapathy, K. Srujan Raju, Kumar Molugaram, Arkanti Krishnaiah, George A. Tsihrintzis, 2020-08-14 This book constitutes the proceedings of the First International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (ICETE), held at University College of Engineering and organised by the Alumni Association, University College of Engineering, Osmania University, in Hyderabad, India on 22–23 March 2019. The proceedings of the ICETE are published in three volumes, covering seven areas: Biomedical, Civil, Computer Science, Electrical & Electronics, Electronics & Communication, Mechanical, and Mining Engineering. The 215 peer-reviewed papers from around the globe present the latest state-of-the-art research, and are useful to postgraduate students, researchers, academics and industry engineers working in the respective fields. This volume presents state-of-the-art, technical contributions in the areas of civil, mechanical and mining engineering, discussing sustainable developments in fields such as water resource engineering, structural engineering, geotechnical and transportation engineering, mining engineering, production and industrial engineering, thermal engineering, design engineering, and production engineering. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Aerospace Structural Metals Handbook , 1989 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements United States. Munitions Board. Aircraft Committee. Subcommittee on Air Force-Navy-Civil Aircraft Design Criteria, 1951 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Proceedings of the TMS Middle East Ibrahim Karaman, Raymundo Arróyave, E. A. Masad, 2015-08-03 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems - IV Nizar Aifaoui, Zouhaier Affi, Mohamed Slim Abbes, Lassad Walha, Mohamed Haddar, Lotfi Romdhane, Abdelmajid Benamara, Mnaouar Chouchane, Fakher Chaari, 2020-02-26 This book offers a collection of original peer-reviewed contributions presented at the 8th International Congress on Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems (CMSM’2019), held in Hammamet, Tunisia, from the 18th to the 20th of March 2019. It reports on research, innovative industrial applications and case studies concerning mechanical systems and related to modeling and analysis of materials and structures, multiphysics methods, nonlinear dynamics, fluid structure interaction and vibroacoustics, design and manufacturing engineering. Continuing on the tradition of the previous editions, these proceedings offers a broad overview of the state-of-the art in the field and a useful resource for academic and industry specialists active in the field of design and modeling of mechanical systems. CMSM’2019 was jointly organized by two leading Tunisian research laboratories: the Mechanical Engineering Laboratory of the National Engineering School of Monastir, University of Monastir and the Mechanical, Modeling and Manufacturing Laboratory of the National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Heat Treating ASM Heat Treating Society. Conference and Exposition, 2005 provides the latest knowledge and information on scientific andvances, technology innovations, and commercial practice in heat treating. Features contributions from leading experts from around the world. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Introduction to Physical Metallurgy Sidney Avner, 1990-06-01 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Modern Physical Metallurgy R. E. Smallman, 2013-10-22 Modern Physical Metallurgy, Fourth Edition explains the fundamental principles of physical metallurgy and their application, allowing its readers to understand the many important technological phenomena of the field. The book covers topics such as the molecular properties of metals; the different physical methods of metals and alloys; and the structure of alloys. Also covered are topics such as the deformation of metals and alloys; phase transformations; and related processes such as creep, fatigue, fracture, oxidation, and corrosion. The text is recommended for metallurgists, chemists, and engineers who would like to know more about the principles behind metallurgy and its application in different fields. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Standard Handbook of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering: Volume 1 William C. Lyons, 1996-10-16 Petroleum engineering now has its own true classic handbook that reflects the profession's status as a mature major engineering discipline. Formerly titled the Practical Petroleum Engineer's Handbook, by Joseph Zaba and W.T. Doherty (editors), this new, completely updated two-volume set is expanded and revised to give petroleum engineers a comprehensive source of industry standards and engineering practices. It is packed with the key, practical information and data that petroleum engineers rely upon daily. The result of a fifteen-year effort, this handbook covers the gamut of oil and gas engineering topics to provide a reliable source of engineering and reference information for analyzing and solving problems. It also reflects the growing role of natural gas in industrial development by integrating natural gas topics throughout both volumes. More than a dozen leading industry experts-academia and industry-contributed to this two-volume set to provide the best , most comprehensive source of petroleum engineering information available. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: U.S. Government Research Reports , 1962 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Aero Digest , 1956 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: NBSIR. , 1983 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Engineer to Win Carroll Smith, 1984 Is titanium for you? Can better brakes reduce lap times significantly? How do you choose the rights nuts and bolts? Which is more important, cornering or straight-line speed? Why did it break again? Engineer to Win not only answers these and many other questions, it gives you the reasons why.--Back cover |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Ship Metallic Material Comparison and Use Guide United States. Naval Ship Systems Command, |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: ASM Specialty Handbook Joseph R. Davis, 1995-01-01 If you are involved with machining or metalworking or you specify materials for industrial components, this book is an absolute must. It gives you detailed and comprehensive information about the selection, processing, and properties of materials for machining and metalworking applications. They include wrought and powder metallurgy tool steels, cobalt base alloys, cemented carbides, cermets, ceramics, and ultra-hard materials. You'll find specific guidelines for optimizing machining productivity through the proper selection of cutting tool materials plus expanded coverage on the use of coatings to extend cutting tool and die life. There is also valuable information on alternative heat treatments for improving the toughness of tool and die steels. All new material on the correlation of heat treatment microstructures and properties of tool steels is supplemented with dozens of photomicrographs. Information on special tooling considerations for demanding applications such as isothermal forging, die casting of metal matrix composites, and molding of corrosive plastics is also included. And you'll learn about alternatives to ferrous materials for metalworking applications such as carbides, cermets, ceramics, and nonferrous metals like aluminum, nickel, and copper base alloys. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Rolling of Advanced High Strength Steels Jingwei Zhao, Zhengyi Jiang, 2017-07-12 Advanced high strength steels (AHSSs) for auto-making are primarily produced by rolling, plus heat treatment technologies if necessary. However, due to the metallurgical complexity of AHSSs, it is impossible to roll all of the AHSS grades in a rolling mill with the same rolling technology. Each of AHSSs has unique applications in vehicles, and specified rolling technologies are required to produce high quality AHSS products where they might be the best employed to meet performance demands of the automotive parts. Such background has prompted the publication of this scholarly book in the area of rolling of AHSSs with a purpose of providing readers with a valuable technical document that can be used in the research and development of AHSSs for automotive and other manufacturing industries. With contributors from USA, Germany, Poland, Italy, Spain, Austria, Australia, China, India and Iran, the book highlights the latest advances in rolling technologies of AHSSs. It focuses on the theory, simulation and practice of the rolling of AHSSs: The book introduces the history, types and advances of AHSSs and their processes; proposes new theory that is applicable to the rolling of AHSSs, presents mathematical and numerical modelling of AHSSs in rolling; covers thermomechanical processing technologies of AHSSs; provides case studies on the rolling practice of the most popular AHSSs and includes other rolling-related technologies of AHSSs. The book will be useful for both theoretical and applied research aimed at AHSSs rolling technologies, and will be a scientific and valuable literature for the metallurgists, engineers, materials scientists, academics and graduate students who are studying and working with AHSSs and their rolling technologies worldwide. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Material Forming Lukasz Madej, Mateusz Sitko, Konrad Perzynski, 2023-04-25 These proceedings present papers on Additive Manufacturing, Composites Forming Processes, Extrusion and Drawing, Forging and Rolling, Formability of Metallic Materials, Friction and Wear in Metal Forming, Incremental and Sheet Metal Forming, Innovative Joining by Forming Technologies, Lionel Fourment MS on Optimization and Inverse Analysis in Forming, Machining and Cutting, Material Behavior Modelling, New and Advanced Numerical Strategies for Material Forming, Non-Conventional Processes, Polymer Processing and Thermomechanical Properties, Sustainability on Material Forming, and Property-Controlled Forming. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Failure Analysis of Heat Treated Steel Components Lauralice de Campos Franceschini Canale, George E. Totten, Rafael A. Mesquita, 2008 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Mechanical Properties of Structural Materials at Low Temperatures Ralph Michael McClintock, Hugh P. Gibbons, 1960 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Report of Investigations , 1953 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Microstructure and Wear of Materials K.-H. Zum Gahr, 1987-03-01 This new book will be useful not only to practising engineers and scientists, but also to advanced students interested in wear. It reviews our current understanding of the influence of microstructural elements and physical properties of materials (metals, polymers, ceramics and composites) on wear.The introductory chapters describe the relation between microstructure and mechanical properties of materials, surfaces in contact and the classification of wear processes. The following chapters are concerned with wear modes of great practical interest such as grooving wear, sliding wear, rolling-sliding wear and erosive wear. Our present understanding of abrasion, adhesion, surface fatigue and tribochemical reactions as the relevant wear mechanisms is discussed, and new wear models are presented. In addition to extensive experimental results, sketches have been widely used for clarifying the physical events. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements United States. ANC-5 Panel on Strength of Metal Aircraft Elements, 1955 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Surface Modification and Mechanisms George E. Totten, Hong Liang, 2004-04-30 Leading readers through an extensive compilation of surface modification reactions and processes for specific tribological results, this reference compiles detailed studies on various residual stresses, reaction processes and mechanisms, heat treatment methods, plasma-based techniques, and more, for a solid understanding of surface structural changes that occur during various engineering procedures. This unique book explores topics previously ignored in other texts on surface engineering and tribology, offers guidelines for the consideration and design of wear life and frictional performance, and sections on laser impingement and nanometer scale surface modification. |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials , 2002 |
| 4140 steel mechanical properties: Design and Modeling of Mechanical Systems - VI Mnaouar Chouchane, |
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Choose from over 550 grade 4140/4142 steel products in a wide range of sizes. Includes material certificates and CAD models. In stock and ready to ship.
AISI 4140 Alloy Steel (UNS G41400) - AZoM.com
Dec 18, 2019 · AISI 4140 alloy steel is a chromium-, molybdenum-, and manganese-containing low alloy steel. It has high fatigue strength, abrasion and impact resistance, toughness, and …
4140 Steel: Grade Anatomy - Ryerson
What is 4140 Steel? 4140 steel is a low-alloy steel containing chromium, molybdenum, and manganese. It falls under the AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) classification and is …
4140 High Tensile Steel | Interlloy | Engineering Steels + Alloys
4140 is a 1% chromium - molybdenum medium hardenability general purpose high tensile steel - generally supplied hardened and tempered in the tensile range of 850 - 1000 Mpa (condition …
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Nov 26, 2023 · SAE 4140 steel is a versatile and widely used alloy steel known for its impressive strength and toughness. It belongs to the AISI/SAE A29 standard. Here we talk about different …
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