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60 Formative Assessment Strategies: A Comprehensive Guide to Improving Learning
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, Professor of Educational Psychology and Measurement at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Reed has over 20 years of experience in researching and developing effective teaching and assessment strategies, with a particular focus on formative assessment. Her work has been widely published in leading educational journals.
Publisher: Sage Publications – A leading publisher specializing in academic and professional books, journals, and online resources in the social sciences, including education.
Editor: Dr. Michael Davies, PhD in Educational Leadership and former Director of Curriculum Development at the National Education Association.
Keywords: 60 formative assessment strategies, formative assessment, assessment strategies, classroom assessment, improving learning, student feedback, teacher feedback, effective teaching, educational assessment, assessment for learning, assessment techniques, formative assessment examples, 60 formative assessment techniques.
Abstract: This comprehensive guide explores 60 formative assessment strategies educators can utilize to enhance student learning. We categorize these strategies into various methodologies, providing practical examples and considerations for implementation. Understanding and applying these 60 formative assessment strategies are crucial for effective teaching and learning.
Introduction: Understanding the Power of 60 Formative Assessment Strategies
Formative assessment is the ongoing process of gathering evidence of student learning to inform teaching and improve student performance. Unlike summative assessments, which evaluate learning at the end of a unit or course, formative assessments are integral to the learning process itself. This guide presents 60 formative assessment strategies, categorized for clarity and practical application. Implementing these diverse 60 formative assessment strategies will create a dynamic and responsive learning environment.
I. 60 Formative Assessment Strategies: Categorized Approaches
A. Observation and Questioning (15 Strategies):
1. Anecdotal Notes: Record brief observations of student behavior and understanding.
2. Checklists: Use pre-designed checklists to monitor student progress on specific skills.
3. Observation Rubrics: Develop rubrics to guide observation and evaluation of student work.
4. Think-Pair-Share: Students think individually, discuss with a partner, then share with the class.
5. Noticing and Wondering: Students observe a stimulus and note what they notice and what they wonder.
6. Quick Writes: Students write briefly about a specific topic or question.
7. Exit Tickets: Students answer a brief question or solve a problem at the end of class.
8. Thumbs Up/Down/Sideways: A quick visual check for understanding.
9. Traffic Light System: Students use red, yellow, or green cards to signal their understanding.
10. Student Self-Assessment Checklists: Students reflect on their own progress using checklists.
11. Open-Ended Questions: Encourage higher-order thinking and deeper understanding.
12. Closed-Ended Questions: Quick checks for factual recall and comprehension.
13. Question Stems: Use pre-designed question stems to guide questioning.
14. Cold Call: Randomly call on students to encourage participation.
15. Fishbowl Debate: Small groups debate a topic while others observe.
B. Activities and Tasks (15 Strategies):
16. Mini-Whiteboards: Students solve problems or answer questions on individual whiteboards.
17. Peer Assessment: Students provide feedback on each other's work.
18. Self-Assessment: Students reflect on their own learning and identify areas for improvement.
19. Group Projects: Collaborative projects allow for observation of teamwork and individual contributions.
20. Presentations: Students present their work to the class or small groups.
21. Quizzes: Brief, low-stakes quizzes assess understanding of key concepts.
22. Concept Mapping: Students visually organize their understanding of a topic.
23. Graphic Organizers: Utilize various graphic organizers to structure learning.
24. One-Minute Papers: Students summarize key learning points in one minute.
25. Muddiest Point: Students identify the most confusing aspect of the lesson.
26. Jigsaw Activities: Students become experts on a specific part of a topic and share with others.
27. Role-Playing: Students act out scenarios to demonstrate understanding.
28. Simulations: Engage students in realistic scenarios to apply their knowledge.
29. Case Studies: Analyze real-world scenarios to apply concepts and critical thinking.
30. Problem-Based Learning: Students work collaboratively to solve complex problems.
C. Technology-Based Assessments (10 Strategies):
31. Online Quizzes and Polls: Use online platforms for quick assessments.
32. Interactive Whiteboards: Engage students in interactive learning activities.
33. Educational Games: Use games to reinforce learning and assess understanding.
34. Virtual Reality Simulations: Immersive experiences for enhanced learning and assessment.
35. Digital Portfolios: Students showcase their work and reflect on their progress.
36. Online Discussions: Facilitate collaborative learning and assess understanding through online discussions.
37. Learning Management Systems (LMS): Utilize LMS features for assessments and feedback.
38. Adaptive Learning Platforms: Personalized learning experiences with adaptive assessments.
39. Student Response Systems (Clickers): Immediate feedback on student understanding.
40. Audio/Video Recordings: Students record presentations or explanations to demonstrate understanding.
D. Written Assessments (10 Strategies):
41. Short Answer Questions: Assess understanding of specific concepts.
42. Essay Questions: Encourage in-depth analysis and critical thinking.
43. Multiple Choice Questions: Quick assessment of factual knowledge.
44. True/False Questions: Simple assessment of factual knowledge.
45. Matching Questions: Assess understanding of relationships between concepts.
46. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions: Assess recall of specific information.
47. Drawings and Diagrams: Visual representation of understanding.
48. Lab Reports: Document experimental procedures and findings.
49. Research Papers: Demonstrate research skills and knowledge synthesis.
50. Reflective Journals: Students reflect on their learning and experiences.
E. Informal Assessments (10 Strategies):
51. Classroom Discussions: Monitor student participation and understanding during discussions.
52. Homework Assignments: Assess understanding of concepts through homework.
53. Projects: Evaluate understanding through larger-scale projects.
54. Presentations: Assess understanding through student presentations.
55. Portfolio Assessments: Assess student learning over time through portfolios.
56. Self and Peer Evaluations: Encourage reflection and provide feedback.
57. Observations during Activities: Note student engagement and understanding during activities.
58. Informal Conversations: Engage in brief conversations with students to assess understanding.
59. Monitoring Student Work in Progress: Observe students as they work on assignments.
60. Analyzing Student Errors: Identify patterns in errors to address misconceptions.
Conclusion: Harnessing the Power of 60 Formative Assessment Strategies
This exploration of 60 formative assessment strategies demonstrates the diverse and powerful tools available to educators. By strategically incorporating these methods, teachers can create a rich learning environment that fosters student understanding, growth, and achievement. Remember, the key to effective formative assessment lies not just in the selection of strategies, but in the thoughtful integration of these strategies into a coherent and responsive teaching practice. The use of these 60 formative assessment strategies is crucial for effective teaching and student success.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between formative and summative assessment? Formative assessment is ongoing and informs teaching, while summative assessment evaluates learning at the end of a unit.
2. How often should I use formative assessments? Formative assessment should be integrated regularly throughout the learning process, not just at the end.
3. How can I choose the best formative assessment strategy for my classroom? Consider your learning objectives, student needs, and available time and resources.
4. How can I provide effective feedback based on formative assessment data? Feedback should be specific, timely, and actionable, focusing on areas for improvement.
5. How can I involve students in the formative assessment process? Encourage self-assessment and peer assessment to foster student ownership of learning.
6. How can I use technology to enhance formative assessment? Utilize online tools and platforms to streamline assessment and provide immediate feedback.
7. How do I analyze data from formative assessments to improve my teaching? Identify patterns in student responses to pinpoint areas needing attention.
8. How can I ensure fairness and equity in formative assessment? Use a variety of assessment methods to cater to different learning styles and needs.
9. What are the benefits of using a range of 60 formative assessment strategies? A diverse approach caters to different learning styles, provides comprehensive feedback, and improves learning outcomes.
Related Articles:
1. "Designing Effective Formative Assessments: A Practical Guide": This article provides a step-by-step guide to designing and implementing effective formative assessments aligned with learning objectives.
2. "The Role of Feedback in Formative Assessment": This piece explores the importance of timely and constructive feedback in enhancing student learning through formative assessment.
3. "Technology-Enhanced Formative Assessment: Tools and Techniques": This article examines the use of technology to enhance formative assessment practices.
4. "Formative Assessment and Differentiated Instruction: A Synergistic Approach": This article explores how to use formative assessment to personalize learning and cater to individual student needs.
5. "Overcoming Challenges in Formative Assessment Implementation": This article addresses common obstacles encountered when implementing formative assessment strategies.
6. "Formative Assessment for English Language Learners": This article focuses on adapting formative assessment strategies for students learning English as a second language.
7. "Formative Assessment in Science Education": This article explores the use of formative assessment in science classrooms.
8. "Using Formative Assessment to Improve Student Motivation": This article examines how formative assessment can be used to motivate and engage students.
9. "Analyzing Formative Assessment Data for Instructional Improvement": This article offers practical guidance on interpreting and using data from formative assessments to refine teaching practices.
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Formative Assessment Strategies for Every Classroom Susan M. Brookhart, 2010 This second edition gives you more than 60 tools--with tips and implementation steps--for creating and using formative assessments in every grade level and subject. --from publisher description |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Wiliam & Leahy's Five Formative Assessment Strategies in Action Kate Jones, 2021-09-13 Written under the guidance and with the support of Dylan Wiliam, Kate Jones writes about five formative assessment strategies in action in the classroom, with a foreword from Professor John Hattie. Building on the highly successful work of Wiliam and Siobhan Leahy, ideas are shared and misconceptions with formative assessment are addressed with lots of practical advice. Formative assessment in action focuses on five evidence-informed strategies that the teacher can use to support their learners to make progress. Formative assessment can help both the teacher and student understand what needs to be learned and how this can be achieved. During the learning process, formative assessment can identify students' progress as well as highlighting gaps in their knowledge and understanding, therefore giving the teacher useful insight as to what feedback and instruction can be provided to continue to move learners forward. Formative assessment takes place during the learning process. It continually informs the teacher and student as to how learning can move forward as it is happening. This is different to summative assessment, which focuses on the evaluation of student learning at the end of the process. There's a range of case studies from different subjects and key stages to show how formative assessment can be embedded across a curriculum successfully. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Science Formative Assessment, Volume 1 Page Keeley, 2015-09-09 Formative assessment informs the design of learning opportunities that take students from their existing ideas of science to the scientific ideas and practices that support conceptual understanding. Science Formative Assessment shows K-12 educators how to weave formative assessment into daily instruction. Discover 75 assessment techniques linked to the Next Generation Science Standards and give classroom practices a boost with: Descriptions of how each technique promotes learning Charts linking core concepts at each grade level to scientific practices Implementation guidance, such as required materials and student grouping Modifications for different learning styles Ideas for adapting techniques to other content areas |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Checking for Understanding Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, 2015-12-18 A teacher presents a lesson, and at the end asks students if they understand the material. The students nod and say they get it. Later, the teacher is dismayed when many of the students fail a test on the material. Why aren’t students getting it? And, just as important, why didn’t the teacher recognize the problem? In Checking for Understanding, Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey show how to increase students’ understanding with the help of creative formative assessments. When used regularly, formative assessments enable every teacher to determine what students know and what they still need to learn. Fisher and Frey explore a variety of engaging activities that check for and increase understanding, including interactive writing, portfolios, multimedia presentations, audience response systems, and much more. This new 2nd edition of Checking for Understanding has been updated to reflect the latest thinking in formative assessment and to show how the concepts apply in the context of Fisher and Frey’s work on gradual release of responsibility, guided instruction, formative assessment systems, data analysis, and quality instruction. Douglas Fisher and Nancy Frey are the creators of the Framework for Intentional and Targeted (FIT) Teaching™. They are also the authors of numerous ASCD books, including The Formative Assessment Action Plan: Practical Steps to More Successful Teaching and Learning and the best-selling Enhancing RTI: How to Ensure Success with Effective Classroom Instruction and Intervention. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Formative Assessment Strategies for Enhanced Learning in Science, K-8 Elizabeth Hammerman, 2009 Proven to be one of the most powerful tools for promoting effective learning, formative assessment enables teachers to capture evidence of student thinking and learning and use that information to adjust instruction. In this concise resource, science educator Elizabeth Hammerman clearly outlines the formative assessment process and provides practical strategies for embedding assessments into the Kئ8 standards-based science curriculum. This research-based book demonstrates how student-centered assessment helps students assume more responsibility for what they learn and how they learn. Teachers can use the various models of formative assessments to monitor student progress and evaluate learning. The author guides readers through discussions, thought and reflection activities, analyses of assessment techniques, and applications to classroom practice. Ideal for teachers and science and curriculum specialists, this user-friendly resource provides all the necessary tools to: assess student understanding using observation checklists, questioning strategies, notebooks, reports, graphic organizers, projects, and performance tasks; differentiate science instruction to reach all learners; use rubrics as a means of discovering student strengths and weaknesses; collect student data to inform instructional decisions. With this easy-to-implement guide, any teacher can effectively use formative assessment strategies to enhance instruction and increase student achievement in science.--Publisher's website. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 Ross Morrison McGill, 2021-01-21 'A must-read for school leaders and teacher trainers ... I wish every school leader would read this book' Dr Min Du, Teacher, researcher and international education consultant The new, fully updated edition of Ross Morrison McGill's bestselling Mark. Plan. Teach., now complete with a visual guide to the key ideas, illustrated by Oliver Caviglioli. Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 includes an illustrated visual booklet, a foreword by Professor Andy Hargreaves and exciting new ideas in line with current best practice, recent thinking and developments around marking and feedback. There are three things that every teacher must do: mark work, plan lessons and teach students well. This refreshed guide from Ross, bestselling author of 100 Ideas for Secondary Teachers: Outstanding Lessons, Teacher Toolkit and Just Great Teaching, is packed full of practical ideas that will help teachers refine the key elements of their profession. Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 shows how each stage of the teaching process informs the next, building a cyclical framework that underpins everything that teachers do. With teachers' workload still at record levels and teacher recruitment and retention the number one issue in education, ideas that really work and will help teachers not only survive but thrive in the classroom are in demand. Every idea in Mark. Plan. Teach. 2.0 can be implemented by all primary and secondary teachers at any stage of their career and will genuinely improve practice. The ideas have been tried and tested and are supported by evidence that explains why they work, including current educational research and psychological insights from Professor Tim O'Brien, leading psychologist and Honorary Professor at UCL Institute of Education. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: 25 Quick Formative Assessments for a Differentiated Classroom Judith Dodge, 2009 Presents a variety of assessments, lesson plans, and activities for use across the curriculum. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Formative Assessment Margaret Heritage, 2010-06-14 A practical, in-depth guide to implementing formative assessment in your classroom! Formative assessment allows teachers to identify and close gaps in student understanding and move learning forward. This research-based book walks readers through every step of the process and offers illustrative examples across a range of subject areas and grade levels. This book explains how to: Clearly articulate learning progressions, learning goals, and success criteria Select strategies for assessment and provide quality feedback Engage students in self-assessment and self-management Create a classroom environment that values feedback as part of the learning process |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Advancing Formative Assessment in Every Classroom Connie M. Moss, Susan M. Brookhart, 2019-05-13 Formative assessment is one of the best ways to increase student learning and enhance teacher quality. But effective formative assessment is not part of most classrooms, largely because teachers misunderstand what it is and don't have the necessary skills to implement it. In the updated 2nd edition of this practical guide for school leaders, authors Connie M. Moss and Susan M. Brookhart define formative assessment as an active, continual process in which teachers and students work together—every day, every minute—to gather evidence of learning, always keeping in mind three guiding questions: Where am I going? Where am I now? What strategy or strategies can help me get to where I need to go? Chapters focus on the six interrelated elements of formative assessment: (1) shared learning targets and criteria for success, (2) feedback that feeds learning forward, (3) student self-assessment and peer assessment, (4) student goal setting, (5) strategic teacher questioning, and (6) student engagement in asking effective questions. Using specific examples based on their extensive work with teachers, the authors provide - Strategic talking points and conversation starters to address common misconceptions about formative assessment; - Practical classroom strategies to share with teachers that cultivate students as self-regulated, assessment-capable learners; - Ways to model the elements of formative assessment in conversations with teachers about their professional learning; - What if scenarios and advice for how to deal with them; and - Questions for reflection to gauge understanding and progress. As Moss and Brookhart emphasize, the goal is not to do formative assessment, but to embrace a major cultural change that moves away from teacher-led instruction to a partnership of intentional inquiry between student and teacher, with better teaching and learning as the outcome. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Common Formative Assessment Kim Bailey, Chris Jakicic, 2011-10-11 Teams that engage in designing, using, and responding to common formative assessments are more knowledgeable about their own standards, more assessment literate, and able to develop more strategies for helping all students learn. In this conversational guide, the authors offer tools, templates, and protocols to incorporate common formative assessments into the practices of a PLC to monitor and enhance student learning |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Mastering Formative Assessment Moves Brent Duckor, Carrie Holmberg, 2017-06-27 How do you know if students are with you at the beginning, middle, and end of a lesson? Can formative assessment offer a key to better teaching and learning during instruction? What if you could blend different formative assessment moves in your classroom, with intention and care for all students, to help make better instructional decisions on the fly and enjoy more teachable moments? Educators Brent Duckor and Carrie Holmberg invite you on the journey to becoming a formative assessor. They encourage you to focus on these seven research-based, high-leverage formative assessment moves: Priming--building on background knowledge and creating a formative assessment–rich, equitable classroom culture Posing--asking questions in relation to learning targets across the curriculum that elicit Habits of Mind Pausing--waiting after powerful questions and rich tasks to encourage more student responses by supporting them to think aloud and use speaking and listening skills related to academic language Probing--deepening discussions, asking for elaborations, and making connections using sentence frames and starters Bouncing--sampling student responses systematically to broaden participation, manage flow of conversation, and gather more “soft data” for instructional use Tagging--describing and recording student responses without judgment and making public how students with different styles and needs approach learning in real-time Binning--interpreting student responses with a wide range of tools, categorizing misconceptions and “p-prims,” and using classroom generated data to make more valid and reliable instructional decisions on next steps in the lesson and unit Each chapter explores a classroom-tested move, including foundational research, explaining how and when to best use it, and describing what it looks like in practice. Highlights include case studies, try-now tasks and tips, and advice from beginning and seasoned teachers who use these formative assessment moves in their classrooms. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: What Teachers Really Need to Know About Formative Assessment Laura Greenstein, 2010-07-13 What does formative assessment look like, and when should I use it? What kind of planning does it require, and what kinds of data does it generate? How will formative assessment improve my teaching and help my students succeed in a standards-based environment? How does it relate to my application of multiple intelligences theory, to differentiated instruction, and to everything else I'm already doing in my classroom? In this volume, author Laura Greenstein has gathered what you really need to know in order to make formative assessment a seamless part of your everyday practice. Emphasizing formative assessment application in secondary schools but applicable to teachers of all grade levels and all subject areas, this book provides * Straightforward answers to teachers' most frequently asked questions * Dozens of strategies for measuring student understanding and diagnosing learning needs before, during, and after instruction * Illustrations of formative assessment across the content areas, from math to language arts to science to social studies to health and physical education * Guidance on making data-informed instructional adjustments * Sample templates for organizing assessment data to track both whole-class and individual progress toward identified goals * Case studies to illustrate effective and ineffective formative assessment and deepen your understanding If you're looking to take formative assessment from theory to practice—and from practice to genuine learning improvement—this is the place to begin. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: How to Give Effective Feedback to Your Students, Second Edition Susan M. Brookhart, 2017-03-10 Properly crafted and individually tailored feedback on student work boosts student achievement across subjects and grades. In this updated and expanded second edition of her best-selling book, Susan M. Brookhart offers enhanced guidance and three lenses for considering the effectiveness of feedback: (1) does it conform to the research, (2) does it offer an episode of learning for the student and teacher, and (3) does the student use the feedback to extend learning? In this comprehensive guide for teachers at all levels, you will find information on every aspect of feedback, including • Strategies to uplift and encourage students to persevere in their work. • How to formulate and deliver feedback that both assesses learning and extends instruction. • When and how to use oral, written, and visual as well as individual, group, or whole-class feedback. • A concise and updated overview of the research findings on feedback and how they apply to today's classrooms. In addition, the book is replete with examples of good and bad feedback as well as rubrics that you can use to construct feedback tailored to different learners, including successful students, struggling students, and English language learners. The vast majority of students will respond positively to feedback that shows you care about them and their learning. Whether you teach young students or teens, this book is an invaluable resource for guaranteeing that the feedback you give students is engaging, informative, and, above all, effective. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Assessing Health Professional Education Institute of Medicine, Board on Global Health, Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education, 2014-09-19 Assessing Health Professional Education is the summary of a workshop hosted by the Institute of Medicine's Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education to explore assessment of health professional education. At the event, Forum members shared personal experiences and learned from patients, students, educators, and practicing health care and prevention professionals about the role each could play in assessing the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of all learners and educators across the education to practice continuum. The workshop focused on assessing both individuals as well as team performance. This report discusses assessment challenges and opportunities for interprofessional education, team-based care, and other forms of health professional collaborations that emphasize the health and social needs of communities. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Formative Assessment & Standards-Based Grading Robert J. Marzano, 2011-10-27 Learn everything you need to know to implement an integrated system of assessment and grading. The author details the specific benefits of formative assessment and explains how to design and interpret three different types of formative assessments, how to track student progress, and how to assign meaningful grades. Detailed examples bring each concept to life, and chapter exercises reinforce the content. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Formative Assessment Margaret Heritage, 2021-08-18 Offers specific examples of the formative assessment process in action in a range of subject areas Addresses the place of formative assessment within the broader assessment picture Discusses and gives examples of effective feedback as an essential part of formative assessment Shows how to engage students in self-assessment and self-management so they can participate in keeping their learning on course Examines how educators and school leaders can support classroom implementation of formative assessment-- |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Critical Thinking and Formative Assessments Todd Stanley, Betsy Moore, 2013-09-05 Develop your students' critical thinking skills and prepare them to perform competitively in the classroom, on state tests, and beyond. In this book, Moore and Stanley show you how to effectively instruct your students to think on higher levels, and how to assess their progress. As states implement the Common Core State Standards, teachers have been called upon to provide higher levels of rigor in their classrooms. Moore and Stanley demonstrate critical thinking as a key approach to accomplishing this goal. They explore the benefits of critical thinking and provide the tools you need to develop and monitor critical thinking skills in the classroom. Topics include: The Difference Between Higher-Level and Lower-Level Thinking Writing Higher-Level Thinking Questions Assessing Critical Thinking Strategies to Develop Higher-Level Thinking Skills |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: A Step-by-Step Guide for Using Uploaded Resources for a Fully Online Course Betty McDonald, 2019-04-25 Step-by-step, this book details how to use uploaded resources to ensure a quality and complete online course. It brings together contemporary research and empirical evidence to explain why one can use the suggested practical, tried-and-tested methods. With the help of an instructional designer, it is not necessary to be proficient with any Learning Management System (LMS). The simple three step plan outlined in this book involves identifying one’s relevant learning outcomes, learning resources, and learning activities. Each step is clearly detailed, and the core material is supplemented with summaries and graphics throughout. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: The Knowledge Gap Natalie Wexler, 2020-08-04 The untold story of the root cause of America's education crisis--and the seemingly endless cycle of multigenerational poverty. It was only after years within the education reform movement that Natalie Wexler stumbled across a hidden explanation for our country's frustrating lack of progress when it comes to providing every child with a quality education. The problem wasn't one of the usual scapegoats: lazy teachers, shoddy facilities, lack of accountability. It was something no one was talking about: the elementary school curriculum's intense focus on decontextualized reading comprehension skills at the expense of actual knowledge. In the tradition of Dale Russakoff's The Prize and Dana Goldstein's The Teacher Wars, Wexler brings together history, research, and compelling characters to pull back the curtain on this fundamental flaw in our education system--one that fellow reformers, journalists, and policymakers have long overlooked, and of which the general public, including many parents, remains unaware. But The Knowledge Gap isn't just a story of what schools have gotten so wrong--it also follows innovative educators who are in the process of shedding their deeply ingrained habits, and describes the rewards that have come along: students who are not only excited to learn but are also acquiring the knowledge and vocabulary that will enable them to succeed. If we truly want to fix our education system and unlock the potential of our neediest children, we have no choice but to pay attention. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Mathematics Formative Assessment Page Keeley, Cheryl Rose Tobey, 2011-09-15 There is a substantive body of research that indicates formative assessment can significantly improve student learning. Yet, this same research shows that the features of formative assessment that impact student achievement are sadly missing from many classrooms (Black, et al., 2003). This book provides teachers with guidance and suggestions for using formative assessment to improve teaching and learning in the mathematics classroom, and identifies and describes practical techniques teachers can use to build a rich repertoire of formative assessment strategies. The acronym, FACT, is used to label the techniques included in this book. FACT stands for Formative Assessment Classroom Technique. Through the varied use of FACTs, explicitly tied to a purpose for gathering information about or promoting students' thinking and learning, teachers can focus on what works best for learning and design or modify lessons to fit the needs of the students--Provided by publisher. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Flash Feedback [Grades 6-12] Matthew Johnson, 2020-02-11 Beat burnout with time-saving best practices for feedback For ELA teachers, the danger of burnout is all too real. Inundated with seemingly insurmountable piles of papers to read, respond to, and grade, many teachers often find themselves struggling to balance differentiated, individualized feedback with the one resource they are already overextended on—time. Matthew Johnson offers classroom-tested solutions that not only alleviate the feedback-burnout cycle, but also lead to significant growth for students. These time-saving strategies built on best practices for feedback help to improve relationships, ignite motivation, and increase student ownership of learning. Flash Feedback also takes teachers to the next level of strategic feedback by sharing: How to craft effective, efficient, and more memorable feedback Strategies for scaffolding students through the meta-cognitive work necessary for real revision A plan for how to create a culture of feedback, including lessons for how to train students in meaningful peer response Downloadable online tools for teacher and student use Moving beyond the theory of working smarter, not harder, Flash Feedback works deeper by developing practices for teacher efficiency that also boost effectiveness by increasing students’ self-efficacy, improving the clarity of our messages, and ultimately creating a classroom centered around meaningful feedback. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Visible Learning: Feedback John Hattie, Shirley Clarke, 2018-08-15 Feedback is arguably the most critical and powerful aspect of teaching and learning. Yet, there remains a paradox: why is feedback so powerful and why is it so variable? It is this paradox which Visible Learning: Feedback aims to unravel and resolve. Combining research excellence, theory and vast teaching expertise, this book covers the principles and practicalities of feedback, including: the variability of feedback, the importance of surface, deep and transfer contexts, student to teacher feedback, peer to peer feedback, the power of within lesson feedback and manageable post-lesson feedback. With numerous case-studies, examples and engaging anecdotes woven throughout, the authors also shed light on what creates an effective feedback culture and provide the teaching and learning structures which give the best possible framework for feedback. Visible Learning: Feedback brings together two internationally known educators and merges Hattie’s world-famous research expertise with Clarke’s vast experience of classroom practice and application, making this book an essential resource for teachers in any setting, phase or country. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Oxford Textbook of Medical Education Kieran Walsh, 2016 Providing a comprehensive and evidence-based reference guide for those who have a strong and scholarly interest in medical education, the Oxford Textbook of Medical Education contains everything the medical educator needs to know in order to deliver the knowledge, skills, and behaviour that doctors need. The book explicitly states what constitutes best practice and gives an account of the evidence base that corroborates this. Describing the theoretical educational principles that lay the foundations of best practice in medical education, the book gives readers a through grounding in all aspects of this discipline. Contributors to this book come from a variety of different backgrounds, disciplines and continents, producing a book that is truly original and international. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Assessment Strategies for Online Learning Dianne Conrad, Jason Openo, 2018-07-15 Assessment has provided educational institutions with information about student learning outcomes and the quality of education for many decades. But has it informed practice and been fully incorporated into the learning cycle? Conrad and Openo argue that the potential inherent in many of the new learning environments being explored by educators and students has not been fully realized. In this investigation of a variety of assessment methods and learning approaches, the authors aim to discover the tools that engage learners and authentically evaluate education. They insist that moving to new learning environments, specifically those online and at a distance, afford opportunities for educators to adopt only the best practices of traditional face-to-face assessment while exploring evaluation tools made available by a digital learning environment in the hopes of arriving at methods that capture the widest set of learner skills and attributes. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Progressing Students' Language Day by Day Alison L. Bailey, Margaret Heritage, 2018-07-26 Because content and language learning go hand in hand New content standards integrate content and language in ways prior standards have never done. That’s why it’s so critically important that teachers attend to both content and language development when introducing new subject matter, especially for English learners. Here’s your opportunity to get started tomorrow and every day thereafter: Alison Bailey and Margaret Heritage’s all-new Progressing Students’ Language Day by Day. What’s so utterly ground-breaking about this book is Bailey and Heritage’s Dynamic Language Learning Progression (DLLP) process: research-based tools for obtaining much deeper insight into a student’s language progress, then for identifying the most appropriate instructional steps to elevate language proficiency and content knowledge. Step by step, Bailey and Heritage describe how to Engage with students to advance their development of sophisticated, high-leverage language features for explaining content Use the DLLP approach to formative assessment, then plan your teaching in response to assessment evidence Examine words, sentences, and discourse --the three dimensions of language that are part of the DLLP process for cultivating language development Discover how leadership support and communities of practice (CoPs) can facilitate a successful and sustainable implementation of the DLLP process Listen more closely and uncover new ways to advance content learning with Progressing Students’ Language Day by Day directly by your side. “Alison Bailey and Margaret Heritage open our eyes to the often invisible and context-specific language demands embedded in content learning. Understanding the ubiq¬uitous and highly influential role of language in learning takes time and effort but leads to transformative practice. Progressing Students’ Language Learning Day by Day offers an insightful and concrete framework to begin this transformation.” — Paola Uccelli, Professor of Education, Harvard University |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Handbook of Formative Assessment in the Disciplines Heidi L. Andrade, Randy E. Bennett, Gregory J. Cizek, 2019-05-14 The Handbook of Formative Assessment in the Disciplines meaningfully addresses current developments in the field, offering a unique and timely focus on domain dependency. Building from an updated definition of formative assessment, the book covers the integration of measurement principles into practice; the operationalization of formative assessment within specific domains, beyond generic strategies; evolving research directions including student involvement and self-regulation; and new approaches to the challenges of incorporating formative assessment training into pre-service and in-service educator training. As supporters of large-scale testing programs increasingly consider the potential of formative assessments to improve teaching and learning, this handbook advances the subject through novel frameworks, intersections of theory, research, and practice, and attention to discernible disciplines. Written for instructors, graduate students, researchers, and policymakers, each chapter provides expert perspectives on the procedures and evaluations that enable teachers to adapt teaching and learning in-process toward student achievement. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Embedding Formative Assessment Dylan Wiliam, Siobhán Leahy, 2024 Embedding Formative Assessment by Dylan Wiliam and Siobhán Leahy guides educators on creating effective formative assessments, outlining five instructional strategies and specific techniques for each strategy-- |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Assessment as Learning Lorna M. Earl, 2013 This is a book for teachers and school leaders on formative assessment i.e., assessment as learning where assessment occurs throughout the learning process to inform learning as opposed to assessment that occurs at the end of a learning unit to measure what students have learned (summative assessment). Formative assessment emphasizes the role of the student, not only as a contributor to the assessment and learning process, but the critical connector between them. It defines assessment of learning, assessment for learning and assessment as learning, making a case for assessment as learning. It addresses assessment in the context of what learning is. It shows how to use formative assessment to motivate student learning, help students make connections so that they move from emergent to proficient, extend their learning and to help them become reflective self-regulators of their own learning. It explores how teachers can make the shift to formative assessment by engaging in conceptual change. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: The Formative 5 Francis (Skip) Fennell, Beth McCord Kobett, Jonathan A. Wray, 2016-12-15 This highly practical and readable book gets right down into the detail of what good formative assessment looks like in math classrooms, and shows how teachers can make this a part of their regular planning and instruction. —Dylan Wiliam, Emeritus Professor of Educational Assessment, University College Imagine how it would feel to not worry about how to plan, teach, and check for student mathematical understandings and related proficiencies. Imagine if this important process felt like a natural, every day, part of your lesson preparation instead of an extra thing to do. This must-have resource shows the way. NCTM Past President, Francis Skip Fennell, and nationally-recognized mathematics educators Beth McCord Kobett and Jonathan (Jon) Wray, offer five of the most impactful, proven assessment techniques—Observations, Interviews, Show Me, Hinge Questions, and Exit Tasks— you can implement, every day. Tried and tested by teachers just like you, you’ll find that this palette of classroom-based techniques will truly assess learning and inform teaching. Research and classroom practice indicates that formative assessment is poorly understood. This book gives you a concise, research-based, classroom-dedicated plan with lots of tools, activities, classroom vignettes, and student work to guide your daily use of these techniques – The Formative 5. Both within and between lessons, K-8 teachers of mathematics will learn to Think and go beyond assessment of learning, focusing on assessment for learning Directly connect assessment to planning and teaching Engineer effective classroom questioning, discussions, and learning tasks Provide success criteria and feedback that moves students forward Integrate the Standards for Mathematical Practice Activate student self-assessors who take ownership of their learning Includes a book study guide, tools and templates, and a companion website with downloadables and multi-media examples of student discussion in the classroom. The Formative 5 will help you build your mathematics-related formative assessment capacity through daily use of these five key techniques, leading to regularly monitored and improved learning opportunities for your students. Now Available: The On-Your-Feet Guide to The Formative 5 |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Great Teaching by Design John Hattie, Vince Bustamante, John Almarode, Douglas Fisher, Nancy Frey, 2020-11-02 Turn good intentions into better outcomes—by design! Why leave student success up to chance? By combining your intuition and experience with the latest research on high-impact learning practices, you can evolve your teaching from good to great and make a lasting difference for your students. Organized around the DIIE framework, Great Teaching by Design takes you step-by-step from intention to implementation to accelerate the impact your teaching has on student learning. Inside, you’ll find • A deep dive into the four stages of the DIIE model: Diagnosis and Discovery, Intervention, Implementation, and Evaluation • A fresh look at the Visible Learning research, which identifies the most powerful strategies for teaching and learning • Stories of best practices in action and examples from classrooms around the world Great teaching may come by chance, but it will come by design. Whether you’re new to teaching or looking to give your instruction a boost, take up the challenge and discover a new framework for teaching with true intentionality. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: High-Impact Instruction Jim Knight, 2013 Small changes can lead to big results! Best-selling author Jim Knight presents the high-leverage strategies that make the biggest difference in student learning. Featuring checklists, numerous observation tools, and online videos of teachers implementing the practices, this revolutionary book focuses on the three areas of high-impact instruction: Content planning, including using guiding questions, learning maps, and formative assessment Instructional practices such as the use of thinking prompts, effective questions, challenging assignments, and experiential learning Community building, in which you shape a classroom culture that promotes well-being, creativity, learning, and high expectations |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Working Inside the Black Box Paul Black, Christine Harrison, Clare Lee, 2004 Offers practical advice on using and improving assessment for learning in the classroom. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: The Formative Five Thomas R. Hoerr, 2016-11-16 For success in school and life, students need more than proficiency in academic subjects and good scores on tests; those goals should form the floor, not the ceiling, of their education. To truly thrive, students need to develop attributes that aren’t typically measured on standardized tests. In this lively, engaging book by veteran school leader Thomas R. Hoerr, educators will learn how to foster the “Formative Five” success skills that today’s students need, including Empathy: learning to see the world through others’ perspectives. Self-control: cultivating the abilities to focus and delay self-gratification. Integrity: recognizing right from wrong and practicing ethical behavior. Embracing diversity: recognizing and appreciating human differences. Grit: persevering in the face of challenge. When educators engage students in understanding and developing these five skills, they change mindsets and raise expectations for student learning. As an added benefit, they see significant improvements in school and classroom culture. With specific suggestions and strategies, The Formative Five will help teachers, principals, and anyone else who has a stake in education prepare their students—and themselves—for a future in which the only constant will be change. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Measuring and Visualizing Learning in the Information-Rich Classroom Peter Reimann, Susan Bull, Michael Kickmeier-Rust, Ravi Vatrapu, Barbara Wasson, 2015-11-19 Integrated information systems are increasingly used in schools, and the advent of the technology-rich classroom requires a new degree of ongoing classroom assessment. Able to track web searches, resources used, task completion time, and a variety of other classroom behaviors, technology-rich classrooms offer a wealth of potential information about teaching and learning. This information can be used to track student progress in languages, STEM, and in 21st Century skills, for instance. However, despite these changes, there has been little change in the kind of data made available to teachers, administrators, students, and parents. Measuring and Visualizing Learning in the Information-Rich Classroom collects research on the implementation of classroom assessment techniques in technology-enhanced learning environments. Building on research conducted by a multinational and multidisciplinary team of learning technology experts, and specialists from around the globe, this book addresses these discrepancies. With contributions from major researchers in education technology, testing and assessment, and education psychology, this book contributes to a holistic approach for building the information infrastructure of the 21st Century school. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Improving Formative Assessment Practice to Empower Student Learning E. Caroline Wylie, Arlen R. Gullickson, Katharine E. Cummings, Paula E. Egelson, Lindsay Akers Noakes, Kelley M. Norman, Sally A. Veeder, 2012-02-24 Supercharge your formative assessment skills and watch student learning soar! Teachers routinely ask and answer a series of three questions with and for students: Where are my students headed? Where are they right now? How can I close the gap between where they are and where I want them to be? This text suggests that teachers also ask these parallel questions of themselves: Where am I going? What can formative assessment practice look like? Where am I currently in my formative assessment practice? How do I close the gap? Readers are then encouraged to select a specific aspect of formative assessment to investigate, explore relevant personal practice relevant to that aspect, implement necessary changes, reflect on those changes, and continue the change process. This practical guide can be used by individual teachers or collaboratively as a study guide for a learning community. The authors describe an effective four-step process for improving teachers′ formative assessment practices that provides opportunities to reflect, consider alternative instructional approaches, and apply what they have learned. Case studies provide examples of formative assessment in practice, along with examples of teacher-implemented changes. A companion website includes an array of tools and templates for organizing, gathering, and systematically using information to strengthen formative assessment skills. This practical guide can be used by individual teachers or collaboratively as a study guide for a learning community. Case studies provide examples of formative assessment in practice, along with examples of teachers implementing changes in their practice. A companion website includes an array of tools and templates for organizing, gathering, and systematically using information to strengthen formative assessment skills. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Science Education, Committee on Guidance on Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards, 2015-03-27 A Framework for K-12 Science Education and Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) describe a new vision for science learning and teaching that is catalyzing improvements in science classrooms across the United States. Achieving this new vision will require time, resources, and ongoing commitment from state, district, and school leaders, as well as classroom teachers. Successful implementation of the NGSS will ensure that all K-12 students have high-quality opportunities to learn science. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards provides guidance to district and school leaders and teachers charged with developing a plan and implementing the NGSS as they change their curriculum, instruction, professional learning, policies, and assessment to align with the new standards. For each of these elements, this report lays out recommendations for action around key issues and cautions about potential pitfalls. Coordinating changes in these aspects of the education system is challenging. As a foundation for that process, Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards identifies some overarching principles that should guide the planning and implementation process. The new standards present a vision of science and engineering learning designed to bring these subjects alive for all students, emphasizing the satisfaction of pursuing compelling questions and the joy of discovery and invention. Achieving this vision in all science classrooms will be a major undertaking and will require changes to many aspects of science education. Guide to Implementing the Next Generation Science Standards will be a valuable resource for states, districts, and schools charged with planning and implementing changes, to help them achieve the goal of teaching science for the 21st century. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: Science Formative Assessment, Volume 2 Page Keeley, 2014-10-16 Deepen scientific understanding with formative assessment! Only by knowing what your students are thinking can you design learning opportunities that deepen content mastery and meet their individual needs. In this highly engaging resource, internationally respected expert Page Keeley shares 50 new techniques to pinpoint student understanding before, during, and after instruction. In addition to promoting best practices in the classroom, the techniques shared here support learning and link instruction to the Next Generation Science Standards. These flexible assessments can be used with any science curriculum, along with Practical strategies for using the techniques throughout the instruction cycle Considerations for implementation and suggestions for modification An explanation of how each technique promotes learning Examples of how the techniques can be used in different content areas An expert in the field of K-12 science education, Page Keeley is the former president of the National Science Teachers Association, a current Board Member of the National Science Education Leadership Association, and has seventeen best-selling books. Science Formative Assessment, Volume 2 contains a wealth of tools that encourage students to engage in practices such as scientific argumentation and discourse. By emphasizing the alignment of the FACT with Science and Engineering Practices, Keeley provides multiple ways for teachers to monitor more than the disciplinary core ideas being taught. — Susan German, Science Teacher Hallsville R-IV School District, MO Teachers everywhere are spending a lot of time and energy looking for ways to increase student achievement. Well, the answer is not a big secret, nor is it expensive. Fortunately, Page Keeley has an answer. Improved performance lies in using formative assessments as an integral aspect of a lesson. In this book, Keeley shows how 50 formative assessments can lead to greater student success in science. —Douglas Llewellyn, Professor St. John Fisher College, Rochester, NY Other Books from Corwin and Page Keeley: Keeley, Science Formative Assessment ISBN: 9781412941808 Keeley, Math Formative Assessment ISBN: 9781412968126 Keeley, Science Curriculum Topic Study ISBN: 9781412908924 |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: 20 Formative Assessment Strategies that Work Kate Wolfe Maxlow, Karen L. Sanzo, 2017-10-24 This book provides teachers and school leaders with practical, effective, and proven assessment strategies that are immediately implementable in classrooms. You’ll learn about 20 high-impact formative assessment strategies, with details on how they can be applied to a variety of content areas and grade levels, including mathematics, science, language arts, social studies, and various electives. In this accessible book, these experienced authors demonstrate the how and why, along with a framework for folding these new ideas into job-embedded professional development. 20 Formative Assessment Strategies that Work provides the full toolkit for implementing, managing, and modifying these assessment strategies in your school and classrooms today. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: What Teachers Really Need to Know about Formative Assessment Laura Greenstein, 2010 A guide to formative assessment for teachers that covers how it can improve teaching and learning, practices, and its uses prior, during, and after instruction, and includes answers to questions. |
| 60 formative assessment strategies: 7th International Conference on University Learning and Teaching (InCULT 2014) Proceedings Chan Yuen Fook, Gurnam Kaur Sidhu, Suthagar Narasuman, Lee Lai Fong, Shireena Basree Abdul Rahman, 2015-12-30 The book comprises papers presented at the 7th International Conference on University Learning and Teaching (InCULT) 2014, which was hosted by the Asian Centre for Research on University Learning and Teaching (ACRULeT) located at the Faculty of Education, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia. It was co-hosted by the University of Hertfordshire, UK; the University of South Australia; the University of Ohio, USA; Taylor’s University, Malaysia and the Training Academy for Higher Education (AKEPT), Ministry of Education, Malaysia. A total of 165 papers were presented by speakers from around the world based on the theme “Educate to Innovate in the 21st Century.” The papers in this timely book cover the latest developments, issues and concerns in the field of teaching and learning and provide a valuable reference resource on university teaching and learning for lecturers, educators, researchers and policy makers. |
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