A History Of Present Illness

A History of Present Illness: A Comprehensive Guide for Healthcare Professionals

Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, MD, FACP, is a board-certified internist with over 20 years of experience in clinical practice and medical education. Her expertise lies in diagnostic reasoning and the effective elicitation of a detailed patient history, including a comprehensive "history of present illness." Dr. Vance has published numerous articles on patient communication and clinical methodology in peer-reviewed journals.

Publisher: This article is published by the Journal of Clinical Medicine, a reputable peer-reviewed journal published by MDPI, a leading open-access publisher known for its rigorous editorial process and commitment to high-quality research in the medical field. MDPI's commitment to transparency and open access ensures broad dissemination of this crucial information within the healthcare community.

Editor: Dr. Robert Chen, MD, PhD, oversaw the editing of this article. Dr. Chen is a seasoned physician-scientist specializing in internal medicine and epidemiology. His extensive experience in medical research and publication ensures the article adheres to the highest standards of accuracy and clarity. His expertise in data analysis is particularly relevant to the interpretation of research findings cited within this piece on "a history of present illness."


Introduction:

The "history of present illness" (HPI) is a cornerstone of medical practice. It’s more than just a chronological account of a patient's symptoms; it's a dynamic narrative that guides the diagnostic process, shaping the clinician's understanding of the patient's condition and informing subsequent investigations and treatment strategies. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the HPI, encompassing its fundamental elements, the art of its elicitation, its impact on diagnostic accuracy, and the evolving role of technology in its documentation.

1. Essential Elements of a Comprehensive HPI:

A well-constructed HPI follows a structured approach, incorporating key elements to provide a complete picture of the patient's experience. These elements typically include:

Chronology: A clear timeline of symptom onset, progression, and any fluctuations in severity. Precise dates and times are crucial whenever possible. Research consistently demonstrates that accurate temporal sequencing significantly improves diagnostic accuracy. (Reference: Smith et al., 2018, Journal of General Internal Medicine)
Character of Symptoms: A detailed description of each symptom, including its quality (e.g., sharp, dull, burning), location, radiation, severity (using a pain scale, for instance), timing (constant, intermittent), and associated factors (e.g., aggravating or relieving factors). This allows for differentiation between similar symptoms with different underlying causes. (Reference: Jones et al., 2020, Annals of Internal Medicine)
Associated Symptoms: Identifying other symptoms that co-occur with the primary complaint can provide crucial clues to the underlying diagnosis. For example, chest pain accompanied by shortness of breath significantly alters the differential diagnosis compared to isolated chest pain. (Reference: Brown et al., 2021, American Journal of Cardiology)
Contextual Information: This includes the patient's risk factors (e.g., smoking, family history), lifestyle (diet, exercise), and any relevant medication use or allergies. This information is vital in assessing the likelihood of various diagnostic possibilities. (Reference: Davis et al., 2019, British Medical Journal)
Pertinent Negatives: Documenting the absence of certain symptoms that would typically be expected with a particular condition is just as important as documenting positive findings. This helps refine the differential diagnosis and avoids unnecessary investigations. (Reference: Miller et al., 2022, JAMA Internal Medicine)


2. The Art of Eliciting a History of Present Illness:

Gathering a comprehensive HPI is not merely a technical exercise; it's a communication skill requiring empathy, active listening, and careful observation. Effective questioning techniques, such as open-ended questions followed by clarifying prompts, are essential to facilitate a detailed narrative. Building rapport with the patient is vital to encourage open communication and elicit crucial details that might otherwise be overlooked. Studies highlight the importance of nonverbal communication in patient interactions, influencing the accuracy and completeness of the information obtained. (Reference: Wilson et al., 2017, Patient Education and Counseling)


3. Impact of a Thorough HPI on Diagnostic Accuracy:

Numerous studies demonstrate a strong correlation between a detailed and accurate HPI and improved diagnostic accuracy. A well-constructed HPI reduces diagnostic errors by guiding clinicians towards the most likely diagnoses and preventing premature closure on the diagnostic process. Failure to obtain a thorough "history of present illness" can lead to delayed or incorrect diagnoses, potentially impacting patient outcomes. (Reference: Garcia et al., 2023, Clinical Epidemiology)


4. Technology's Role in HPI Documentation:

Electronic health records (EHRs) have revolutionized HPI documentation, offering structured templates, improved data storage, and enhanced accessibility. However, challenges remain. Over-reliance on structured templates can hinder the narrative flow and limit the clinician's ability to capture the nuances of the patient's experience. Striking a balance between structured data entry and narrative documentation is crucial to maintain the richness and clinical value of the HPI. (Reference: Johnson et al., 2015, Medical Informatics & the Internet in Medicine)


5. Challenges and Future Directions:

While the HPI remains a vital diagnostic tool, challenges exist. Time constraints in busy clinical settings can limit the depth of the HPI obtained. Cultural and linguistic barriers can also pose significant obstacles to effective communication. Future directions include developing innovative communication strategies, leveraging artificial intelligence to enhance HPI data analysis, and promoting greater emphasis on patient-centered communication during the history-taking process.


Conclusion:

The "history of present illness" is the cornerstone of clinical decision-making. A thorough and meticulously documented HPI, acquired through skillful communication and careful attention to detail, significantly enhances diagnostic accuracy, improves patient outcomes, and underpins the practice of evidence-based medicine. Ongoing refinement of techniques and technological advancements will continue to optimize the role of the HPI in providing high-quality patient care.


FAQs:

1. What if the patient has difficulty remembering details? Use memory aids, involve family members if appropriate, and focus on obtaining the most critical information.
2. How can I improve my HPI questioning skills? Practice active listening, utilize open-ended questions, and seek feedback from colleagues.
3. What if the patient’s description of symptoms is vague? Employ clarifying questions to elicit more specific details about location, quality, severity, and timing.
4. How do I document a negative finding in my HPI? Explicitly state the absence of specific symptoms that are relevant to the differential diagnosis.
5. What is the role of nonverbal cues in obtaining a good HPI? Observe the patient's body language, facial expressions, and overall demeanor, as these can provide valuable insights.
6. How can EHRs be used effectively for HPI documentation? Utilize structured templates strategically, while leaving room for narrative details to maintain the richness of the patient’s experience.
7. How can I ensure cultural sensitivity when obtaining an HPI? Be mindful of potential cultural differences in symptom expression and communication styles.
8. What are the legal implications of inadequately documenting a history of present illness? Incomplete or inaccurate HPI documentation can have significant legal ramifications.
9. What are some common pitfalls to avoid when obtaining a history of present illness? Interrupting the patient, jumping to conclusions, and failing to adequately explore pertinent negatives are common pitfalls.



Related Articles:

1. The Art of Clinical Interviewing: Explores effective communication techniques for eliciting patient information, focusing on empathy, active listening, and building rapport.
2. Differential Diagnosis in Internal Medicine: Discusses the systematic approach to narrowing down possible diagnoses based on symptom presentation and patient history.
3. The Importance of Patient-Centered Care: Emphasizes the significance of patient-centered communication and shared decision-making in improving patient experience and health outcomes.
4. Electronic Health Records and Clinical Workflow: Examines the impact of EHRs on clinical workflow, efficiency, and data management.
5. Medical Error Reduction Strategies: Focuses on preventative strategies to reduce medical errors, including the role of a complete and accurate HPI.
6. Symptom Analysis and Interpretation: A deeper dive into analyzing patient symptoms to identify underlying medical conditions.
7. Communicating with Patients from Diverse Cultural Backgrounds: Provides guidance on culturally competent communication to facilitate effective information gathering.
8. Legal and Ethical Considerations in Medical Documentation: Addresses legal and ethical issues related to medical records, emphasizing the importance of accuracy and completeness.
9. Advanced Techniques in Physical Diagnosis: Explores advanced methods in physical examination, integrating findings with the patient's HPI for improved diagnostic accuracy.


  a history of present illness: A History of Present Illness Anna DeForest, 2024-04-02 2023 Rosenthal Family Foundation Award, American Academy of Arts and Letters * A Lit Hub Most Anticipated Book of 2022 * A Publishers Weekly Writer to Watch A revelation. -The New York Times Brutal and brave, DeForest's novel is one of the best in the 'making of a doctor' genre. And its plucky protagonist, casualty and hero, roars a universal truth, 'We all hurt.' ―Booklist, starred review A young woman puts on a white coat for her first day as a student doctor. So begins this powerful debut, which follows our unnamed narrator through cadaver dissection, surgical rotation, difficult births, sudden deaths, and a budding relationship with a seminarian. In the troubled world of the hospital, where the language of blood tests and organ systems so often hides the heart of the matter, she works her way from one bed to another, from a man dying of substance use and tuberculosis, to a child in pain crisis, to a young woman, fading from confusion to aphasia to death. The long hours and heartrending work begin to blur the lines between her new life as a physician and the lifelong traumas she has fled. In brilliant, wry, and biting prose, A History of Present Illness is a boldly honest meditation on the body, the hope of healing in the face of total loss, and what it means to be alive.
  a history of present illness: Handbook of Clinical Diagnostics Xue-Hong Wan, Rui Zeng, 2019-08-26 The book covers basic theories, basic knowledge and basic skills on clinical diagnosis, basic requirements for doctors’ ethical conduct, clinical reasoning and documentation of medical records during the process of making a diagnosis. It consists of six parts, including ‘Symptoms’, ‘History Taking’, ‘Physical Examination’, ‘Supplementary Examination’, ‘Common Clinical Diagnosis Techniques’, and ‘Diagnostic Process and Clinical Reasoning’. A vocabulary index is included for easy reference at the end of the book. This book is compiled by authors of 14 Chinese medical schools and universities, whose years of experience in clinical diagnostics, rich overseas learning and working experiences. This book is included in the first round of English textbooks series for clinical medicine major of China's higher medical colleges; and is among 13th Five-Year planning textbooks of National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China. It is also an ideal textbook for MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery) student It is a co-publication book with People's Medical Publishing House (PMPH). The ISBN of PMPH version in China is 978-7-117-23852-6.
  a history of present illness: An American Sickness Elisabeth Rosenthal, 2017-04-11 A New York Times bestseller/Washington Post Notable Book of 2017/NPR Best Books of 2017/Wall Street Journal Best Books of 2017 This book will serve as the definitive guide to the past and future of health care in America.”—Siddhartha Mukherjee, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of The Emperor of All Maladies and The Gene At a moment of drastic political upheaval, An American Sickness is a shocking investigation into our dysfunctional healthcare system - and offers practical solutions to its myriad problems. In these troubled times, perhaps no institution has unraveled more quickly and more completely than American medicine. In only a few decades, the medical system has been overrun by organizations seeking to exploit for profit the trust that vulnerable and sick Americans place in their healthcare. Our politicians have proven themselves either unwilling or incapable of reining in the increasingly outrageous costs faced by patients, and market-based solutions only seem to funnel larger and larger sums of our money into the hands of corporations. Impossibly high insurance premiums and inexplicably large bills have become facts of life; fatalism has set in. Very quickly Americans have been made to accept paying more for less. How did things get so bad so fast? Breaking down this monolithic business into the individual industries—the hospitals, doctors, insurance companies, and drug manufacturers—that together constitute our healthcare system, Rosenthal exposes the recent evolution of American medicine as never before. How did healthcare, the caring endeavor, become healthcare, the highly profitable industry? Hospital systems, which are managed by business executives, behave like predatory lenders, hounding patients and seizing their homes. Research charities are in bed with big pharmaceutical companies, which surreptitiously profit from the donations made by working people. Patients receive bills in code, from entrepreneurial doctors they never even saw. The system is in tatters, but we can fight back. Dr. Elisabeth Rosenthal doesn't just explain the symptoms, she diagnoses and treats the disease itself. In clear and practical terms, she spells out exactly how to decode medical doublespeak, avoid the pitfalls of the pharmaceuticals racket, and get the care you and your family deserve. She takes you inside the doctor-patient relationship and to hospital C-suites, explaining step-by-step the workings of a system badly lacking transparency. This is about what we can do, as individual patients, both to navigate the maze that is American healthcare and also to demand far-reaching reform. An American Sickness is the frontline defense against a healthcare system that no longer has our well-being at heart.
  a history of present illness: A History of the Present Illness Louise Aronson, 2013-01-22 Sixteen “lovely, nuanced” (The New York Times) linked stories from a potent new voice-a doctor with an M.D. from Harvard and an M.F.A. in fiction. A History of the Present Illness takes readers into overlooked lives in the neighborhoods, hospitals, and nursing homes of San Francisco, offering a deeply humane and incisive portrait of health and illness in America today. An elderly Chinese immigrant sacrifices his demented wife's well-being to his son's authority. A busy Latina physician's eldest daughter's need for more attention has disastrous consequences. A young veteran's injuries become a metaphor for the rest of his life. A gay doctor learns very different lessons about family from his life and his work. And a psychiatrist who advocates for the underserved may herself be crazy. Together, these honest and compassionate stories introduce a striking new literary voice and provide a view of what it means to be a doctor and a patient unlike anything we've read before. In the tradition of Oliver Sacks and Abraham Verghese, Aronson's writing is based on personal experience and addresses topics of current social relevance. Masterfully told, A History of the Present Illness explores the role of stories in medicine and creates a world pulsating with life, speaking truths about what makes us human.
  a history of present illness: The Patient History: Evidence-Based Approach Mark Henderson, Lawrence Tierney, Gerald Smetana, 2012-06-13 The definitive evidence-based introduction to patient history-taking NOW IN FULL COLOR For medical students and other health professions students, an accurate differential diagnosis starts with The Patient History. The ideal companion to major textbooks on the physical examination, this trusted guide is widely acclaimed for its skill-building, and evidence based approach to the medical history. Now in full color, The Patient History defines best practices for the patient interview, explaining how to effectively elicit information from the patient in order to generate an accurate differential diagnosis. The second edition features all-new chapters, case scenarios, and a wealth of diagnostic algorithms. Introductory chapters articulate the fundamental principles of medical interviewing. The book employs a rigorous evidenced-based approach, reviewing and highlighting relevant citations from the literature throughout each chapter. Features NEW! Case scenarios introduce each chapter and place history-taking principles in clinical context NEW! Self-assessment multiple choice Q&A conclude each chapter—an ideal review for students seeking to assess their retention of chapter material NEW! Full-color presentation Essential chapter on red eye, pruritus, and hair loss Symptom-based chapters covering 59 common symptoms and clinical presentations Diagnostic approach section after each chapter featuring color algorithms and several multiple-choice questions Hundreds of practical, high-yield questions to guide the history, ranging from basic queries to those appropriate for more experienced clinicians
  a history of present illness: My Foreign Cities: A Memoir Elizabeth Scarboro, 2013-04-08 Winner of the Chautauqua Prize Named one of the Best Books of the Year by the San Francisco Chronicle and Library Journal “Uplifting... it’s about savoring the present, not allowing sadness to dominate and surrendering yourself to love, for better or worse.” —San Francisco Chronicle When she was just seventeen, independent and ambitious Elizabeth Scarboro fell in love with irreverent and irresistible Stephen. She knew he had cystic fibrosis, that he was expected to live only until the age of thirty or so, and that soon she’d have a choice to make. She could set out to travel, date, and lead the adventurous life she’d imagined, or she could be with Stephen, who came with an urgency of his own. In choosing him, Scarboro embraced another kind of adventure—simultaneously joyous and heartrending—staying with Stephen and building a life in the ten years they’d have together. The illness would be present in the background of their lives and then ever-more-insistently in the foreground. Beyond the illness, though, is a breathtaking love story. In crystalline prose, Scarboro describes the pulse of her relationship with Stephen with all its illuminating quirks. Like any young couple, they agonize about career choices, attempt ill-fated road trips, bargain about whether to adopt a puppy, and host one memorably disastrous Thanksgiving. They navigate the growing pains of their twenties alongside the twists and turns of life-threatening disease; if their telephone rings at midnight, the caller might be a heartbroken friend, or the hospital offering a new set of lungs. As time goes on and trouble looms, the dangers of Stephen’s illness consume her, just as they will consume readers who feel they have come to know this extraordinary couple. Scarboro tells her story of fierce love and its limitations with humor, grace, and remarkable bravery. My Foreign Cities is a portrait of a young couple approaching mortality with reckless abandon, gleefully outrunning it for as long as they can.
  a history of present illness: Quick Guide to Psychiatric Emergencies Kimberly D. Nordstrom, Michael P. Wilson, 2018-03-07 This volume provides an “on-the-go” guide to the most common behavioral emergencies a physician may encounter. Each chapter represents a disease state or symptom cluster and concisely summarizes the disease state, provides background, symptoms and signs, differential diagnoses, and immediate and long-term treatment options. All chapters conclude with a diagnosis or treatment algorithm or another easy-to-use visual tool. Chapters named after a specific disease state or symptom cluster, arranged alphabetically for use in the field. The text begins with chapters covering patient evaluation: getting a good history, suicide risk assessment, physical exam, and when and how to use studies. Written by experts in psychiatry and emergency medicine, this text is the first to consider both medical perspectives in a concise guide. Quick Guide to Psychiatric Emergencies is an excellent resource for psychiatrists, emergency medicine physicians, residents, nurses, and other medical professionals that handle behavioral emergencies on a regular basis.
  a history of present illness: What is Medical History? John Chynoweth Burnham, 2005 Written as a key introductory textbook for students, this work explores the reasons behind the expansion of the field of the history of medicine and health.
  a history of present illness: Clinical Dermatology Carol A. Soutor, Maria Hordinsky, 2013-06-05 A comprehensive single-volume text on clinical dermatology Featuring a strong focus on diagnosis and treatment, Clinical Dermatology is a concise yet thorough guide to 100 of the most common dermatologic conditions. This latest addition to the LANGE Clinical series is enriched by a full-color presentation and a logical, easy-to-use organization. More than 250 full-color illustrations Divided into three sections: Fundamentals of Diagnosis and Treatment, Common Skin Diseases, and Problem Based Dermatology (which includes cases) Pearls and Pitfalls throughout the text
  a history of present illness: 101 Primary Care Case Studies Sampath Wijesinghe, DHSc, MS, MPAS, PA-C, AAHIVS, 2020-12-15 Real-life primary care case studies* from more than 50 primary care providers, including physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and physicians! 101 Primary Care Case Studies offers real-life patient scenarios and critical thinking exercises to help you work through a patient’s chief complaint. Through narrative case studies, you will determine how best to diagnose, treat, and manage your patient based on the history of present illness, review of systems, relevant history, and physical examination findings. This workbook will ask probing questions to help you determine differential and most likely diagnoses, diagnostic tests to order, and appropriate patient management strategies using relevant and timely references to support your decisions. The organization of each case study simulates the patient care journey from chief complaint to outcome. Serving as a virtual clinical preceptor, this workbook can be used independently or in a classroom setting. It is accompanied by a robust online student supplement that provides answers to all questions, real outcomes of the cases, and valuable personal insights from the authors on how the patient was successfully managed. Not only will this workbook help you work through patient cases clinically, it will also share important, but often overlooked, bedside manner skills needed to successfully communicate with and care for your patients. Covering conditions across all organ systems and across the lifespan, this workbook is organized by chief complaint, providing an authentic perspective on what to expect in the patient care environment. It even includes information on pathophysiology and how to use ICD-10 and CPT (E/M) codes in your documentation. The book uniquely weaves together both the science and art of medicine by including personal insights into quality and compassionate care. Key Features Provides real-life patient cases from an interprofessional author team of physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and physicians Uses a templated case study design and critical thinking exercises to help you methodically work through various patient scenarios Teaches clinical and bedside manner skills imperative for delivering quality patient care Covers patients across the lifespan, including pediatric, adolescent, adult, and geriatric populations Offers additional insight on patient education, medical and legal concerns, and interprofessional collaboration Includes a robust online student supplement with valuable insights from the authors on how they successfully managed the cases Provides instructors with a table of contents that is filterable by chief complaint, diagnosis, patient population, and organ system *Details changed to protect patient information.
  a history of present illness: Elderhood Louise Aronson, 2019-06-11 Finalist for the Pulitzer Prize in General Nonfiction A New York Times Bestseller Longlisted for the Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Nonfiction Winner of the WSU AOS Bonner Book Award Winner of the 2022 At Home With Growing Older Impact Award As revelatory as Atul Gawande's Being Mortal, physician and award-winning author Louise Aronson's Elderhood is an essential, empathetic look at a vital but often disparaged stage of life. For more than 5,000 years, old has been defined as beginning between the ages of 60 and 70. That means most people alive today will spend more years in elderhood than in childhood, and many will be elders for 40 years or more. Yet at the very moment that humans are living longer than ever before, we've made old age into a disease, a condition to be dreaded, denigrated, neglected, and denied. Reminiscent of Oliver Sacks, noted Harvard-trained geriatrician Louise Aronson uses stories from her quarter century of caring for patients, and draws from history, science, literature, popular culture, and her own life to weave a vision of old age that's neither nightmare nor utopian fantasy--a vision full of joy, wonder, frustration, outrage, and hope about aging, medicine, and humanity itself. Elderhood is for anyone who is, in the author's own words, an aging, i.e., still-breathing human being.
  a history of present illness: The Medical Interview Mack Jr. Lipkin, J.G. Carroll, R.M. Frankel, Samuel M. Putnam, Aaron Lazare, A. Keller, T. Klein, P.K. Williams, 2012-12-06 Primary care medicine is the new frontier in medicine. Every nation in the world has recognized the necessity to deliver personal and primary care to its people. This includes first-contact care, care based in a posi tive and caring personal relationship, care by a single healthcare pro vider for the majority of the patient's problems, coordination of all care by the patient's personal provider, advocacy for the patient by the pro vider, the provision of preventive care and psychosocial care, as well as care for episodes of acute and chronic illness. These facets of care work most effectively when they are embedded in a coherent integrated approach. The support for primary care derives from several significant trends. First, technologically based care costs have rocketed beyond reason or availability, occurring in the face of exploding populations and diminish ing real resources in many parts of the world, even in the wealthier nations. Simultaneously, the primary care disciplines-general internal medicine and pediatrics and family medicine-have matured significantly.
  a history of present illness: DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination, 11th Edition Richard F. LeBlond, Donald D. Brown, Manish Suneja, 2020-07-10 The classic guide to the undifferentiated patient–enhanced by new cases A Doody's Core Title for 2024 & 2024! Technological advances have taken testing and imaging to remarkable new places—yet establishing patient history and performing physical examinations are more important now than ever. This classic guide has been showing students and clinicians how to approach the diagnostic process thoughtfully and systematically for decades—and this revised edition brings you completely up to date. Part physical examination primer, part differential diagnosis tool, DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination provides the information and insights you need to make accurate, evidence-based diagnostic hypotheses. Covering all physical exam techniques and procedures, this updated edition shows how to collect clinical findings gleaned from the physical examination and synthesize them into a differential diagnosis. • Covers the latest developments in evidence-based physical examinations • Explains how to obtain a complete patient history and perform a thorough physical exam • Organized by signs, symptoms, and syndromes to make finding what you need quick and easy • Connects symptoms and signs with disease pathophysiology • Facilitates efficient, cost-effective diagnostic testing using focused differential diagnoses This classic guide continues to effectively combine current diagnostic practices with the unchanging aspects of clinical medicine.
  a history of present illness: Presenting Your Case Clifford D. Packer, 2019-04-29 Medical students often struggle when presenting new patients to the attending physicians on the ward. Case presentation is either poorly taught or not taught at all in the first two years of medical school. As a result, students are thrust into the spotlight with only sketchy ideas about how to present, prioritize, edit, and focus their case presentations. They also struggle with producing a broad differential diagnosis and defending their leading diagnosis. This text provides a comprehensive guide to give well-prepared, focused and concise presentations. It also allows students to discuss differential diagnosis, incorporate high-value care, educate their colleagues, and participate actively in the care of their patients. Linking in-depth discussion of the oral presentation with differential diagnosis and high value care, Presenting Your Case is a valuable resource for medical students, clerkship directors and others who educate students on the wards and in the clinic.
  a history of present illness: In the Kingdom of the Sick Laurie Edwards, 2013-04-09 Citing a high percentage of Americans who live with chronic illness, an urgent call to action draws on scientific research and patient narratives to explore the role of social medial in medical advocacy, arguing that we must change attitudes about the link between health and lifestyle and provide appropriate and compassionate treatments. By the award-winning author of Life Disrupted. 25,000 first printing.
  a history of present illness: Patient Ben Watt, 2014-10-15 A New York Times Notable Book of the Year: “Unforgettable . . . Few have told such a compelling life-story as skillfully” (San Francisco Chronicle). In the summer of 1992, on the eve of an American tour, singer/songwriter Ben Watt, one half of the Billboard-topping pop duo Everything But The Girl, was taken to a London hospital complaining of chest pain. As his condition worsened, doctors were baffled. He was eventually he was diagnosed with a rare life-threatening autoimmune disease called Churg-Strauss Syndrome. “To paraphrase Joseph Heller,” Ben says, “you know it’s something serious when they name it after two guys.” By the time he came home, two-and-half-months later, his ravaged body was forty-six pounds lighter, and he was missing most of his small intestine. “Unfold[ing] like a page-turning mystery” (The Los Angeles Times), and “told with great wit and without self-pity, Patient is a sobering look at how life can suddenly be transformed into a humbling vaudeville of tests, IV’s, catheters, and bedpans” (The New York Times Book Review). Injecting a frankness and natural humility into his “funny, frightening, and piercingly vulnerable” (Interview) chronicle of a medical nightmare, Ben writes about his childhood, reflects on family, and his shared life with band member and partner, Tracey Thorn. The result is “a vivid, finely wrought look at having one’s future yanked away, and surviving physically and emotionally” (Dallas Morning Star-Telegram). A Sunday Times Book of the Year A Village Voice Favorite Book of the Year An Esquire (UK) Best Non-Fiction Award Finalist
  a history of present illness: Skills in Rheumatology Hani Almoallim, Mohamed Cheikh, 2021-01-05 This Open Access book presents practical approaches to managing patients affected by various rheumatological diseases, allowing readers to gain a better understanding of the various clinical expressions and problems experienced by these patients. Discussing rheumatology from an organ systems perspective, it highlights the importance ofdetailed musculoskeletal examinations when treating patients affected by rheumatological diseases. The book first explores the latest diagnostic approaches and offers key tips for accurate musculoskeletal examinations before addressing the various treatment modalities, with a particular focus on the most common joints involved in rheumatoid arthritis: the wrists and the metacarpophalangeal joints (2nd and 3rd). Featuring easy-to-understand flow diagrams and explaining the common medical problems associated with rheumatic disease, such as shortness of breath and anemia, it is not only a valuable resource to rheumatologists, but will also appeal to medical students, junior residents, and primary healthcare physicians.
  a history of present illness: The Invisible Plague Edwin Fuller Torrey, Judy Miller, 2001 Examines the records on insanity in England, Ireland, Canada, and the United States over a 250-year period, concluding, through quantitative and qualitative evidence, that insanity is an unrecognized, modern-day plague.
  a history of present illness: Explaining Epidemics Charles E. Rosenberg, 1992-08-28 Collection of author's essays previously published individually
  a history of present illness: Illness Narratives in Practice: Potentials and Challenges of Using Narratives in Health-Related Contexts Gabriele Lucius-Hoene, Christine Holmberg, Thorsten Meyer, 2018 Comprehensive overview of illness narratives in practice, divided into eight distinct parts. The clear layout allows the readers to focus on the area essential to them and get a comprehensive overview and reflective stance of narratives in that field.
  a history of present illness: Improving Diagnosis in Health Care National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, Committee on Diagnostic Error in Health Care, 2015-12-29 Getting the right diagnosis is a key aspect of health care - it provides an explanation of a patient's health problem and informs subsequent health care decisions. The diagnostic process is a complex, collaborative activity that involves clinical reasoning and information gathering to determine a patient's health problem. According to Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, diagnostic errors-inaccurate or delayed diagnoses-persist throughout all settings of care and continue to harm an unacceptable number of patients. It is likely that most people will experience at least one diagnostic error in their lifetime, sometimes with devastating consequences. Diagnostic errors may cause harm to patients by preventing or delaying appropriate treatment, providing unnecessary or harmful treatment, or resulting in psychological or financial repercussions. The committee concluded that improving the diagnostic process is not only possible, but also represents a moral, professional, and public health imperative. Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, a continuation of the landmark Institute of Medicine reports To Err Is Human (2000) and Crossing the Quality Chasm (2001), finds that diagnosis-and, in particular, the occurrence of diagnostic errorsâ€has been largely unappreciated in efforts to improve the quality and safety of health care. Without a dedicated focus on improving diagnosis, diagnostic errors will likely worsen as the delivery of health care and the diagnostic process continue to increase in complexity. Just as the diagnostic process is a collaborative activity, improving diagnosis will require collaboration and a widespread commitment to change among health care professionals, health care organizations, patients and their families, researchers, and policy makers. The recommendations of Improving Diagnosis in Health Care contribute to the growing momentum for change in this crucial area of health care quality and safety.
  a history of present illness: The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, 2012-12-20 In 1996, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) released its report Telemedicine: A Guide to Assessing Telecommunications for Health Care. In that report, the IOM Committee on Evaluating Clinical Applications of Telemedicine found telemedicine is similar in most respects to other technologies for which better evidence of effectiveness is also being demanded. Telemedicine, however, has some special characteristics-shared with information technologies generally-that warrant particular notice from evaluators and decision makers. Since that time, attention to telehealth has continued to grow in both the public and private sectors. Peer-reviewed journals and professional societies are devoted to telehealth, the federal government provides grant funding to promote the use of telehealth, and the private technology industry continues to develop new applications for telehealth. However, barriers remain to the use of telehealth modalities, including issues related to reimbursement, licensure, workforce, and costs. Also, some areas of telehealth have developed a stronger evidence base than others. The Health Resources and Service Administration (HRSA) sponsored the IOM in holding a workshop in Washington, DC, on August 8-9 2012, to examine how the use of telehealth technology can fit into the U.S. health care system. HRSA asked the IOM to focus on the potential for telehealth to serve geographically isolated individuals and extend the reach of scarce resources while also emphasizing the quality and value in the delivery of health care services. This workshop summary discusses the evolution of telehealth since 1996, including the increasing role of the private sector, policies that have promoted or delayed the use of telehealth, and consumer acceptance of telehealth. The Role of Telehealth in an Evolving Health Care Environment: Workshop Summary discusses the current evidence base for telehealth, including available data and gaps in data; discuss how technological developments, including mobile telehealth, electronic intensive care units, remote monitoring, social networking, and wearable devices, in conjunction with the push for electronic health records, is changing the delivery of health care in rural and urban environments. This report also summarizes actions that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) can undertake to further the use of telehealth to improve health care outcomes while controlling costs in the current health care environment.
  a history of present illness: Medical Apartheid Harriet A. Washington, 2008-01-08 NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER • The first full history of Black America’s shocking mistreatment as unwilling and unwitting experimental subjects at the hands of the medical establishment. No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this masterful book. [Washington] has unearthed a shocking amount of information and shaped it into a riveting, carefully documented book. —New York Times From the era of slavery to the present day, starting with the earliest encounters between Black Americans and Western medical researchers and the racist pseudoscience that resulted, Medical Apartheid details the ways both slaves and freedmen were used in hospitals for experiments conducted without their knowledge—a tradition that continues today within some black populations. It reveals how Blacks have historically been prey to grave-robbing as well as unauthorized autopsies and dissections. Moving into the twentieth century, it shows how the pseudoscience of eugenics and social Darwinism was used to justify experimental exploitation and shoddy medical treatment of Blacks. Shocking new details about the government’s notorious Tuskegee experiment are revealed, as are similar, less-well-known medical atrocities conducted by the government, the armed forces, prisons, and private institutions. The product of years of prodigious research into medical journals and experimental reports long undisturbed, Medical Apartheid reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific research and makes possible, for the first time, an understanding of the roots of the African American health deficit. At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused Black Americans to view researchers—and indeed the whole medical establishment—with such deep distrust.
  a history of present illness: Barcelona Days Daniel Riley, 2020-06-23 In this captivating novel, an erupting Icelandic volcano grounds all flights in and out of Europe, forcing four vacationing Americans to reckon with the problems they'd hoped to leave behind in Barcelona. Whitney and Will are a perfect couple by all appearances, their relationship rock-solid, and their engagement soon to be announced. Before their impending nuptials, however, Whitney suggests a lighthearted experiment: why not give each other three romantic free passes before getting married? Three opportunities to imagine other lives before returning with new appreciation for each other. On what's meant to be the last night of a romantic Barcelona vacation, they agree to regale one another with details of these harmless trysts. They grin and bear it, and fall asleep feeling mostly satisfied, and relieved to be firmly together again. But then a volcano erupts overnight, spewing a cloud of ash across Europe and grounding all flights indefinitely. Trapped in Barcelona, their paths intertwine with a star basketball player, his future dashed by a crippling injury, and a foreign exchange student with a double life, about to return home and face reality. Whitney and Will flirt, provoke, dance, and drink. Over the next three days, they will use and be used by their new friends, once again testing the boundaries of their relationship -- but this time, can it survive?
  a history of present illness: Guide to Clinical Documentation Debra Sullivan, 2011-12-22 Develop the skills you need to effectively and efficiently document patient care for children and adults in clinical and hospital settings. This handy guide uses sample notes, writing exercises, and EMR activities to make each concept crystal clear, including how to document history and physical exams and write SOAP notes and prescriptions.
  a history of present illness: Anatomy of an Illness As Perceived By the Patient Norman Cousins, 2005-07-12 The story of a recovery from a crippling disease and the physician patient partnership that beat the odds by using the patient's own capabilities.
  a history of present illness: The End of Illness David B. Agus, Kristin Loberg, 2012-01-17 From one of the world's foremost physicians and researchers comes a monumental work that radically redefines conventional conceptions of health and illness to offer new methods for living a long, healthy life.
  a history of present illness: Clinical Neurological Examination and Localization Vinit Suri,
  a history of present illness: OphthoBook , 2009-07-20 OphthoBook is the printed version of the amazing OphthoBook.com online book and video series. The combination of this text, along with the online video lectures, creates the most informative and easy-to-understand ophthalmology review ever written. It is geared toward medical students, optometry students, and non-ophthalmologists who want to learn more about the eye without getting bogged down with mindless detail. The book is broken down into ten chapters: 1. Eye History 2. Anatomy 3. Glaucoma 4. Retina 5. Infection 6. Neuroophthalmology 7. Pediatric Ophthalmology 8. Trauma 9. Optics 10. Lens and Cataract Each chapter also includes pimp questions you might be asked in a clinic. Also, an entire chapter of ophthalmology board-review questions, flashcards, and eye abbreviations. Perhaps most useful, each chapter corresponds to the 20-minute video lectures viewable at OphthoBook.com. And lots of fun cartoons!
  a history of present illness: Principles of Rehabilitation Medicine Raj Mitra, 2018-10-12 A high-yield board review and quick reference for Rehabilitation Medicine Rehabilitation Medicine Rapid Review is written primarily for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation residents preparing for their board exams, and is also an excellent reference for practicing physicians who need a primer on this rapidly growing specialty. With content organized around the American board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation core curriculum, this powerful review is enhanced by more than 500 review questions and answers, and concise, bulleted, high-yield text. Readers will find quick answers to common and infrequent issues encountered in rehabilitation medicine
  a history of present illness: The Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine Mark Jackson, 2011-08-25 In three sections, the Oxford Handbook of the History of Medicine celebrates the richness and variety of medical history around the world. It explore medical developments and trends in writing history according to period, place, and theme.
  a history of present illness: Fundamental Skills for Patient Care in Pharmacy Practice Colleen Doherty Lauster, Sneha Baxi Srivastava, 2013-03-25 Fundamental Skills for Patient Care in Pharmacy Practice enables students and new pharmacists to master the skills associated with clinical care in either the inpatient or outpatient setting. In accessible steps, this valuable resource provides the tools for gaining medication histories from patients and counseling them on the most effective and safe manner to take medications. Each chapter explores the background and practice of a critical skill, tools that aid in its development and mastery, and tips for success. Students and pharmacists will come away with the knowledge to identify drug-related problems and formulate plans for solutions to these problems. Fundamental Skills for Patient Care in Pharmacy Practice prepares future pharmacists to communicate effectively in verbal and written formats with health professionals and special patient populations as they prepare and present SOAP notes, patient cases, and discharge counseling.
  a history of present illness: The Lady's Handbook for Her Mysterious Illness Sarah Ramey, 2021-05-11 The darkly funny memoir of Sarah Ramey’s years-long battle with a mysterious illness that doctors thought was all in her head—but wasn’t. In her harrowing, darkly funny, and unforgettable memoir, Sarah Ramey recounts the decade-long saga of how a seemingly minor illness in her senior year of college turned into a prolonged and elusive condition that destroyed her health but that doctors couldn't diagnose or treat. Worse, as they failed to cure her, they hinted that her devastating symptoms were psychological. The Lady's Handbook for Her Mysterious Illness is a memoir with a mission: to help the millions of (mostly) women who suffer from unnamed or misunderstood conditions—autoimmune illnesses, fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome, chronic Lyme disease, chronic pain, and many more. Ramey's pursuit of a diagnosis and cure for her own mysterious illness becomes a page-turning medical mystery that reveals a new understanding of today's chronic illnesses as ecological in nature, driven by modern changes to the basic foundations of health, from the quality of our sleep, diet, and social connections to the state of our microbiomes. Her book will open eyes, change lives, and, ultimately, change medicine. The Lady's Handbook for Her Mysterious Illness is a revelation and an inspiration for millions of women whose legitimate health complaints are ignored.
  a history of present illness: Textbook of Respiratory Medicine John Frederic Murray, 2000
  a history of present illness: Health, Healing and Illness in African History Rebekah Lee, 2021-02-11 In this book, Rebekah Lee offers a critical introduction to the diverse history of health, healing and illness in sub-Saharan Africa from the 1800s to the present day. Its focus is not simply on disease but rather on how illness and health were understood and managed: by healthcare providers, African patients, their families and communities. Through a sustained interdisciplinary approach, Lee brings to the foreground a cast of actors, institutions and ideas that both profoundly and intimately shaped African health experiences and outcomes. This book guides the reader through a wide range of historical source material, and highlights the theoretical and methodological innovations which have enriched this scholarship. Part One delivers a concise historical overview of African health and illness from the long 'pre-colonial' past through the colonial period and into the present day, providing an understanding of broad patterns – of major disease challenges, experiences of illness, and local and global health interventions – and their persistence or transformation across time. Part Two adopts a 'case study' approach, focusing on specific health challenges in Africa – HIV/AIDS, mental illness, tropical disease and occupational disease – and their unfolding across time and space. Health, Healing and Illness in African History is the first wide-ranging survey of this key topic in African history and the history of health and medicine, and the ideal introduction for students.
  a history of present illness: Unwell Women Elinor Cleghorn, 2021-06-08 A trailblazing, conversation-starting history of women’s health—from the earliest medical ideas about women’s illnesses to hormones and autoimmune diseases—brought together in a fascinating sweeping narrative. Elinor Cleghorn became an unwell woman ten years ago. She was diagnosed with an autoimmune disease after a long period of being told her symptoms were anything from psychosomatic to a possible pregnancy. As Elinor learned to live with her unpredictable disease she turned to history for answers, and found an enraging legacy of suffering, mystification, and misdiagnosis. In Unwell Women, Elinor Cleghorn traces the almost unbelievable history of how medicine has failed women by treating their bodies as alien and other, often to perilous effect. The result is an authoritative and groundbreaking exploration of the relationship between women and medical practice, from the wandering womb of Ancient Greece to the rise of witch trials across Europe, and from the dawn of hysteria as a catchall for difficult-to-diagnose disorders to the first forays into autoimmunity and the shifting understanding of hormones, menstruation, menopause, and conditions like endometriosis. Packed with character studies and case histories of women who have suffered, challenged, and rewritten medical orthodoxy—and the men who controlled their fate—this is a revolutionary examination of the relationship between women, illness, and medicine. With these case histories, Elinor pays homage to the women who suffered so strides could be made, and shows how being unwell has become normalized in society and culture, where women have long been distrusted as reliable narrators of their own bodies and pain. But the time for real change is long overdue: answers reside in the body, in the testimonies of unwell women—and their lives depend on medicine learning to listen.
  a history of present illness: Physical Examination for Surgeons Petrut Gogalniceanu, James Pegrum, William Lynn, 2015-06-25 A concise and highly visual guide to postgraduate physical examination for the MRCS exam, from an expert panel of surgeons.
  a history of present illness: The Future of Public Health Committee for the Study of the Future of Public Health, Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine, 1988-01-15 The Nation has lost sight of its public health goals and has allowed the system of public health to fall into 'disarray', from The Future of Public Health. This startling book contains proposals for ensuring that public health service programs are efficient and effective enough to deal not only with the topics of today, but also with those of tomorrow. In addition, the authors make recommendations for core functions in public health assessment, policy development, and service assurances, and identify the level of government--federal, state, and local--at which these functions would best be handled.
  a history of present illness: Smith's Patient Centered Interviewing: An Evidence-Based Method, Third Edition Auguste H. Fortin, Francesca C. Dwamena, Richard M. Frankel, Robert C Smith, 2012-05-11 A comprehensive, evidence-based introduction to the principles and practices of patient communication in a clinical setting Endorsed by the American Academy on Communication for Healthcare Updated and expanded by a multidisciplinary team of medical experts, Smith’s Patient-Centered Interviewing, Third Edition presents a step-by-step methodology for mastering every aspect of the medical interview. You will learn how to confidently obtain from patients accurate biomedical facts, as well as critical personal, social, and emotional information, allowing you to make precise diagnoses, develop effective treatment plans, and forge strong clinician-patient relationships. The most evidence-based guide available on this topic, Smith’s Patient-Centered Interviewing applies the proven 5-Step approach, which integrates patient- and clinician-centered skills to improve effectiveness without adding extra time to the interview’s duration. Smith’s Patient-Centered Interviewing covers everything from patient-centered and clinician-centered interviewing skills, such as: Patient education Motivating for behavior change Breaking bad news Managing different personality styles Increasing personal awareness in mindful practice Nonverbal communication Using computers in the exam room Reporting and presenting evaluations Companion video and teaching supplement are available online. Read details inside the book.
  a history of present illness: Improving Functional Outcomes in Physical Rehabilitation Edward Bezkor, Susan B. O'Sullivan, Thomas J. Schmitz, 2021-11-19 Achieve the best functional outcomes for your patients. Here is a practical, step-by-step guide to understanding the treatment process and selecting the most appropriate interventions for your patients. Superbly illustrated, in-depth coverage shows you how to identify functional deficits, determine what treatments are appropriate, and then implement them to achieve the best functional outcome for your patients. Learn through reading, seeing, and doing. Seventeen case studies in the text correspond to seventeen videotaped case studies with voice-over narration online at FADavis.com. These videos show you how practicing therapists interact with their clients in rehabilitation settings…from sample elements of the initial examination through the interventions to the functional outcomes…to make a difference in patients’ lives.
Constructing an Ideal History of Present Illness: Prescriptions …
The history of present illness is critical for framing the reason why a patient is presenting for care. A well-crafted history of present illness should inform the reader or lis-tener of all pertinent …

1997 DOCUMENTATION GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION AND …
HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS (HPI) The HPI is a chronological description of the development of the patient’s present illness from the first sign and/or symptom or from the …

The History of the Present Illness as Treatment: Who's ... - jabfm
Background: The history of the present illness (HPI) is examined as a narrative communication that has the potential to be therapeutic. Methods: The general principles that influence the …

The Yale Way: New Patient Presentations - Yale University
History of Present Illness (HPI): The history of present illness starts with a change in the patient’s usual state of health, continues with key details that led to the patient coming to the hospital, …

Neurology History and Physical Guidelines - University of Florida
History of Present Illness — Each symptom should be analyzed systematically and include the onset, duration, temporal pattern (improving, worsening, fluctuating, etc.), location, quality, …

HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS (HPI) - Maryland Department …
The HPI is a chronological description of the development of the patient’s present illness from the first sign and/or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present.

History of Present Illness - Springer
The history of present illness 1 begins during the opening phase with an invitation to the patient to tell his or her illness story. This occurs immediately after the personal

Reorganizing the History of Present Illness to Improve Verbal …
We describe how organizing the traditional history of present illness into what our trainees have come to call the “All-Inclusive History of Present Illness” (AIHPI) by applying the Bayesian …

History of Present Illness (HPI) Assessment and Plan Template
History of Present Illness (HPI) Assessment and Plan Template The following templates are for induction and follow-up appointments for medication assisted treatment (MAT) in opioid use …

Example of a Complete History and Physical Write-up
History of Present Illness: Ms J. K. is an 83 year old retired nurse with a long history of hypertension that was previously well controlled on diuretic therapy. She was first admitted to …

The Chief “Complaint” and History of Present Illness
Traditionally, the Chief Complaint is included at the beginning of the medical record of a patient encounter. The chief complaint may include a symptom, condition, or statement that describes …

Comprehensive Adult History and Physical - University of …
History of Present Illness: Patient is a 48 year-old well-nourished Hispanic male with a 2-month history of Rheumatoid Arthritis and strong family history of autoimmune diseases presenting …

History of the Present Illness: - UNC School of Medicine
History of the Present Illness: Mr.--- is a previously healthy 56-year-old gentleman who presents with a four day history of shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and right-sided chest pain. He …

History of Present Illness (HPI) Assessment and Plan Template
Feb 12, 2019 · History of Present Illness (HPI) Assessment and Plan Template . The following t emplates are for induction and follow -up appointments for medication assisted treatment …

A History of the Present Illness: Stories - annemergmed.com
the Present Illness: Stories draws on this clinical skill of history and physical gathering that all physicians develop and shows the reader the humanistic side of the skill.

3 History of Present Illness - Springer
All clinicians taking a history of present illness experience the tension of managing these two forces that seem to be in opposi-tion. Over a century ago, William Osler taught young …

Chief Complaint: History of Present Illness - University of Florida
History of Present Illness: Mr. KC is a 71 year old male with PMH notable for internal hemorrhoids and anemia presents to the ED for stabilization and workup of anemia found two days ago at …

History of Present Illness (HPI) Assessment and Plan Template
Aug 29, 2017 · History of Present Illness (HPI) Assessment and Plan Template Templates for induction and follow-up appointments for medication assisted treatment (MAT) in opioid use …

THE ILLNESS NARRATIVE BECOMES THE HISTORY OF THE …
• illness story and life story intertwined • start interview with illness story • examples: • "what brought you into the hospital (clinic)?" II. What is the History of the Present Illness (HPI)? • the …

History of Present Illness - Muskogee Bone and Joint
History of Present Illness Author: J Created Date: 1/26/2011 6:17:25 PM ...

Check or delete your Chrome browsing history - Google Help
Deleted pages from your browsing history; Tips: If you’re signed in to Chrome and sync your history, then your History also shows pages you’ve visited on your other devices. If you don’t …

Manage & delete your Search history - Computer - Google Help
On your computer, go to your Search history in My Activity. Choose the Search history you want to delete. You can choose: All your Search history: Above your history, click Delete Delete all …

Access & control activity in your account
Under "History settings," click My Activity. To access your activity: Browse your activity, organized by day and time. To find specific activity, at the top, use the search bar and filters. Manage …

Check or delete your Chrome browsing history
Websites you’ve visited are recorded in your browsing history. You can check or delete your browsing history, and find related searches in Chrome. You can also resume browsing …

Delete your activity - Computer - Google Account Help
Under "History settings," click an activity or history setting you want to auto-delete. Click Auto-delete. Click the button for how long you want to keep your activity Next Confirm to save your …

Manage your Google Meet call history
Tip: History on the home screen shows only the last call you had with a contact, whether or not it was a Meet call or a legacy call. Export your call history. On your computer, go to Meet. Select …

View, delete, or turn on or off watch history - Computer
Click YouTube History. Click Manage history. Click Auto-delete. Select your preferred time range, then click Next. Click Confirm when done. Turn off or delete your watch history while signed …

View or delete your YouTube search history - Computer - Google …
Delete search history. Visit the My Activity page. Select one of the following: Delete: Click beside a search to delete it. To delete more than one search from your history at a time, click …

Delete browsing data in Chrome - Computer - Google Help
Download history: The list of files you've downloaded using Chrome is deleted, but the actual files aren't removed from your computer. Passwords: Records of passwords you saved are deleted. …

Manage your Location History - Google Maps Help
Location History is off by default. We can only use it if you turn Location History on. You can turn off Location History at any time in your Google Account's Activity controls. You can review and …