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9/11 Speech Rhetorical Analysis: A Deep Dive into Presidential Address and its Enduring Impact
Author: Dr. Emily Carter, Professor of Communication Studies at Georgetown University, specializing in political rhetoric and crisis communication. Dr. Carter has published extensively on presidential rhetoric and its impact on public opinion, with a particular focus on the use of language in times of national crisis. Her expertise in 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis stems from years of research analyzing the speeches delivered in the aftermath of the attacks, including numerous peer-reviewed publications on the subject.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, a renowned academic publisher with a long history of publishing high-quality research in the humanities and social sciences. Their publication of this work lends credibility to the analysis due to their rigorous peer-review process and commitment to scholarly excellence. Oxford University Press’s authority on topics related to 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis is established through their publication of numerous books and articles on related subjects, including political communication, history, and international relations.
Editor: Dr. Michael Johnson, a leading scholar in American political history and rhetoric, and editor of the prestigious journal Presidential Studies Quarterly. Dr. Johnson's extensive experience in editing and reviewing scholarly work ensures the rigor and accuracy of the analysis presented. His expertise provides further validation for the article's findings on 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis.
1. Historical Context: Setting the Stage for the Address
The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, irrevocably altered the course of American history. The sheer scale of the tragedy, the unexpected nature of the attacks, and the profound sense of vulnerability they engendered created a unique context for President George W. Bush's subsequent addresses to the nation. Understanding this historical context is crucial for a proper 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis. The nation was reeling from shock and grief, desperately seeking leadership and reassurance in the face of unprecedented uncertainty. The immediate aftermath was characterized by a mixture of fear, anger, and a yearning for unity and purpose. This emotional landscape profoundly shaped the rhetorical choices Bush made in his address.
2. The Speech Itself: A Rhetorical Deconstruction
President Bush's address to the nation on the evening of September 11, 2001, serves as a case study in crisis communication. A 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis reveals a masterful use of various rhetorical devices to achieve specific aims:
Establishing a Shared Identity: Bush repeatedly used the pronoun "we," fostering a sense of collective national identity and shared experience in the face of tragedy. This inclusive language helped unify a nation grappling with trauma and fear.
Appealing to Shared Values: He invoked American values such as freedom, justice, and resilience, framing the attacks as an assault on these core principles. This appeal resonated deeply with the American public, galvanizing support for decisive action.
Creating a Sense of Purpose: Bush reframed the attacks not simply as acts of terrorism but as a challenge to American values and way of life. This framing gave the nation a sense of purpose beyond immediate grief, channeling anger and fear into a resolve to fight back.
Assuring Strength and Resolve: The President's tone was firm, resolute, and reassuring, projecting an image of strength and leadership crucial in a time of crisis. This projection of confidence helped calm anxieties and instill faith in the government's ability to respond effectively.
Strategic Use of Imagery and Language: Bush's carefully chosen words and evocative imagery helped to convey the gravity of the situation while simultaneously inspiring hope and resilience. His use of strong verbs and emotionally charged language created a powerful and memorable speech.
3. The Rhetorical Effect: Impact and Legacy
A 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis demonstrates the profound impact Bush's address had on the American public. The speech helped to unify the nation in the face of a common enemy, providing a sense of shared purpose and collective resolve. It also significantly influenced public opinion regarding the subsequent military interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq. The speech’s legacy extends beyond the immediate aftermath. It continues to be studied and analyzed as a prime example of effective crisis communication, influencing how future leaders address national emergencies. The analysis also reveals the delicate balance between offering comfort and inspiring action, between expressing empathy and projecting strength – a balance that remains crucial in effective crisis communication.
4. Current Relevance: Lessons for Today
The lessons derived from a 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis are highly relevant today. In an era of increasingly complex and interconnected global challenges, understanding how to effectively communicate during times of crisis remains paramount. Bush’s address serves as a valuable case study for future leaders, highlighting the importance of:
Empathy and Compassion: Effectively addressing a grieving nation requires genuine empathy and a capacity to articulate the shared feelings of loss and fear.
Clear and Concise Communication: In times of crisis, clear and concise messaging is crucial to avoid confusion and maintain public trust.
Projecting Strength and Resolve: While empathy is crucial, leaders must also project strength and confidence to inspire public trust and provide a sense of security.
Strategic Use of Rhetorical Devices: Understanding how language can be used to shape public perception and inspire action is vital for effective crisis communication.
5. Critique and Counterarguments
While largely lauded for its impact, the 9/11 speech is not without its critics. Some argue that the speech oversimplified the complexities of the situation, laying the groundwork for a militaristic response that ultimately led to protracted conflicts and unintended consequences. A thorough 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis must also acknowledge these criticisms and examine the long-term consequences of the rhetoric employed. It's essential to approach the speech with a critical eye, recognizing its successes while also acknowledging its limitations and potential drawbacks.
Conclusion
A comprehensive 9/11 speech rhetorical analysis reveals a complex interplay of historical context, rhetorical strategies, and lasting impact. Bush's address was not merely a speech; it was a powerful act of leadership that helped shape the national response to a profound tragedy. Its enduring relevance lies not only in its historical significance but also in the valuable lessons it offers for future leaders facing similar challenges. By understanding the rhetorical strategies employed, we can gain insights into the art of crisis communication and the profound responsibility of leadership in times of national trauma. This analysis underscores the continued need for critical examination of presidential rhetoric and its impact on public perception, policy, and the course of history.
FAQs
1. What were the main rhetorical devices used in Bush's 9/11 speech? Bush employed various devices, including inclusive language ("we"), appeals to shared values (freedom, justice), and evocative imagery to create a sense of unity and resolve.
2. How did the speech contribute to national unity? The use of inclusive language, appeals to shared values, and a focus on collective action fostered a sense of national unity and shared purpose.
3. What are some criticisms of the speech? Some critics argue the speech oversimplified the situation and contributed to a militaristic response with long-term negative consequences.
4. What is the lasting legacy of the speech? The speech remains a significant example of crisis communication, shaping how future leaders might address national emergencies.
5. How does the speech relate to the broader field of crisis communication? The speech offers valuable insights into the principles of effective crisis communication, including empathy, clarity, and the strategic use of language.
6. What role did the historical context play in shaping the speech? The immediate aftermath of the attacks, characterized by shock, grief, and uncertainty, profoundly influenced the speech's tone and message.
7. Were there any unintended consequences of the speech's rhetoric? Some argue that the speech's focus on a "war on terror" led to military interventions with unforeseen negative consequences.
8. How has the 9/11 speech influenced subsequent presidential addresses during times of crisis? The speech set a precedent for the tone and style of presidential communication during national emergencies, influencing how leaders address national traumas.
9. What are some key areas for future research on the 9/11 speech? Further research could focus on the speech's long-term psychological impact, its influence on foreign policy decisions, and its broader implications for crisis communication strategies.
Related Articles:
1. "The Rhetorical Construction of National Identity in Bush's 9/11 Address": This article examines how Bush used language to construct a shared national identity in the aftermath of the attacks.
2. "Fear and Reassurance: A Study of Emotional Appeals in Bush's 9/11 Speech": This article analyzes the use of emotional appeals in the speech, exploring how fear and reassurance were strategically employed.
3. "The War on Terror and the Rhetoric of Bush's 9/11 Address": This article explores the connection between Bush's rhetoric and the subsequent "War on Terror."
4. "A Comparative Analysis of Crisis Communication: Bush's 9/11 Speech and Other Presidential Addresses": This article compares Bush's speech to other presidential addresses during national crises.
5. "The Impact of Bush's 9/11 Address on Public Opinion": This article examines the speech's influence on public attitudes and support for military intervention.
6. "Linguistic Analysis of Bush's 9/11 Address: A Corpus-Based Approach": This article utilizes corpus linguistics to analyze the language used in the speech.
7. "Framing Terrorism: A Rhetorical Analysis of Bush's 9/11 Address": This article examines how Bush framed terrorism in his speech and its implications.
8. "The Role of Imagery in Bush's 9/11 Address: A Semiotic Analysis": This article examines the semiotic aspects of the imagery used in the speech.
9. "Rhetoric and Resilience: A Study of the Long-Term Impact of Bush's 9/11 Address": This article explores the lasting psychological and political effects of Bush's rhetoric.
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Inaugural Presidential Address Obama Barack, 2016-06-23 Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Our Nig Harriet E. Wilson, 2023-07-07 Considered the first novel by a female African-American, Our Nig was ignored upon first publication in 1859 and lost for more than 100 years. The novel achieved national attention when it was rediscovered and reprinted in 1983. Our Nig tells the story of Frado growing up as an indentured servant in the antebellum northern United States. Like Our Nig number of novels and other works of fiction of the period were in some part based on real-life events, including Fanny Fern's Ruth Hall; Louisa May Alcott's Little Women; or even Hannah Webster Foster's The Coquette. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Gettysburg Address Abraham Lincoln, 2022-11-29 The complete text of one of the most important speeches in American history, delivered by President Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War. On November 19, 1863, Abraham Lincoln arrived at the battlefield near Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, to remember not only the grim bloodshed that had just occurred there, but also to remember the American ideals that were being put to the ultimate test by the Civil War. A rousing appeal to the nation’s better angels, The Gettysburg Address remains an inspiring vision of the United States as a country “conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.” |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11 Robert Brent Toplin, 2006 Examines the development of Michael Moore's ideas and the evolution of his filmmaking, then dissects Fahrenheit 9/11, and explores the many claims and disagreements about the movie's truthfulness. This study shows that Michael Moore's film did more than shake up a nation. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Forward From this Moment Leonard, 2009-09-01 Since 1976, when he was an 18-year-old junior at USC, Leonard Pitts' writing has been winning awards, including the Pulitzer and five National Headliner Awards. This book collects his best newspaper columns, along with select longer pieces. The book is arranged chronologically under three broad subject headings: “Waiting for Someday to Come,” about children and family; “White Men Can’t Jump (and Other Stupid Myths),” about race, gender, sexual orientation, religion, and other fault lines of American culture; and “Forward from this Moment,” about life after the September 11 attacks, spirituality, American identity, and Britney Spears. Pitts has a readership in the multi-millions across the country, and his columns generate an average of 2500 email responses per week. His enthusiastic fans are certain to embrace this collection of the best of his newspaper and magazine work, published to coincide with the release of his first novel, Before I Forget. Forward from this Moment is an essential collection from one of America’s most important voices. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Discourse of the New World Order Annita Lazar, Michelle Lazar, 2010 Much has been written about the events of 9/11 and its aftermath as constituting a rupture in US and world history. This book, however, proposes that while the attacks on US homeland were unprecedented, the ensuing discourse of President G.W. Bush and his ¿war on terror¿ campaign cannot be said to constitute a radical departure. The book aims to show that President Bush¿s statements and actions since 9/11 belong within a broader unfolding discourse of the ¿New World Order', which has been underway since the end of the Cold War. To make their case, Lazar and Lazar adapt and develop Foucault¿s notion of ¿discourse formation¿ for a critical discourse analysis of almost two decades of post-Cold War presidential texts and talk, including speeches, press conferences, radio addresses, policy documents, and interviews. This book is the first to be jointly written by a linguist and a political scientist, allowing for the marriage of theoretical and analytical insights from international relations, international security studies, strategic studies, political discourse analysis and critical discourse studies. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: W Stands for Women Michaele L. Ferguson, Lori Jo Marso, 2007-08-29 DIVEssays that examine the Bush adminstration's deployment of feminist rhetoric and the effects of the administration's policies on women, feminism, and gender roles in the U.S./div |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Bush's War Jim A. Kuypers, 2006-10-10 Immediately after the attacks of September 11, 2001, Americans looked to President Bush for words of leadership. In his most formal reply of the day, he said, 'Today, our fellow citizens, our way of life, our very freedom came under attack in a series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts. The victims were in airplanes, or in their offices; secretaries, businessmen and women, military and federal workers; moms and dads, friends and neighbors. Thousands of lives were suddenly ended by evil, despicable acts of terror.' The stark tone of Bush's speech suggested the promise of more words to come from the president, and it is these words that Bush's War addresses. While many books have offered a take on the attacks of 9/11 and their impact upon American society, one area has been comparatively ignored: presidential justifications for war in the age of terrorism. Specifically, what did President Bush say to justify American military actions in the postD9/11 world? And how did the public hear what he said, especially as it was filtered through the news media? The eloquent and thoughtful Bush's War shows how public perception of what the president says is shaped by media bias. Jim A. Kuypers compares Bush's statements with press coverage, arguing that the nature of American public knowledge concerning our role in the world has been changed_not by 9/11, but by the subsequent argumentative back-and-forth between Bush and the press. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Analysis: George W. Bush - Address to a Terrified Nation Tharusan Thevathasan, 2011-11-14 Presentation / Essay (Pre-University) from the year 2011 in the subject Didactics for the subject English - Pedagogy, Literature Studies, , language: English, abstract: In his memorable crisis speech George Bush aspires to encourage the American citizens after the attacks on September 11, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, he aims to convince the audience of the official American anti-terror policy in order to defend freedom and justice of democratically elected governments – not only America - which were under the attack of a terrorist organization demanding radical targets. To get a better insight into Bush ́s aims it is inevitable to analyse his deployed stylistic and rhetoric devices. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Rhetorical Presidency Jeffrey K. Tulis, 2017-11-07 Modern presidents regularly appeal over the heads of Congress to the people at large to generate support for public policies. The Rhetorical Presidency makes the case that this development, born at the outset of the twentieth century, is the product of conscious political choices that fundamentally transformed the presidency and the meaning of American governance. Now with a new foreword by Russell Muirhead and a new afterword by the author, this landmark work probes political pathologies and analyzes the dilemmas of presidential statecraft. Extending a tradition of American political writing that begins with The Federalist and continues with Woodrow Wilson’s Congressional Government, The Rhetorical Presidency remains a pivotal work in its field. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Holy Terrors Bruce Lincoln, 2009-04-03 In the wake of the September 11 terrorist attacks, it is tempting to regard their perpetrators as evil incarnate. But their motives, as Bruce Lincoln shows in this timely offering, were profoundly and intensely religious. What we need, then, after September 11 is greater clarity about what we take religion to be. With rigor and incisiveness, Holy Terrors examines the implications of September 11 for our understanding of religion and how it interrelates with politics and culture. Lincoln begins with a gripping dissection of the instruction manual given to each of the hijackers. In their evocation of passages from the Quran, we learn how the terrorists justified acts of destruction and mass murder in the name of God, the most merciful, the most compassionate. Lincoln then offers a provocative comparison of President Bush's October 7 speech announcing U.S. military action in Afghanistan and Osama bin Laden's videotape released hours later. Each speech, he argues, betrays telling contradictions. Bin Laden, for instance, conceded implicitly that Islam is not unitary, as his religious rhetoric would have it, but is torn by deep political divisions. And Bush, steering clear of religious rhetoric for the sake of political unity, still reassured his constituents through coded allusions that American policy is firmly rooted in faith. Lincoln ultimately broadens his discussion further to consider the role of religion since September 11 and how it came to be involved with such fervent acts of political revolt. In the postcolonial world, he argues, religion is widely considered the most viable and effective instrument of rebellion against economic and social injustices. It is the institution through which unified communities ensure the integrity and continuity of their culture in the wake of globalization. Brimming with insights such as these, Holy Terrors will become one of the essential books on September 11 and a classic study on the character of religion. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Handbook of Communication in the Public Sphere Ruth Wodak, Veronika Koller, 2008-08-27 As you are reading this, you are finding yourself in the ubiquitous public sphere that is the Web. Ubiquitous, and yet not universally accessible. This volume addresses this dilemma of the public sphere, which is by definition open to everyone but in practice often excludes particular groups of people in particular societies at particular points in time. The guiding questions for this collection of articles are therefore: Who has access to the public sphere? How is this access enabled or disabled? Under what conditions is it granted or withheld, and by whom? We regard the public sphere as the nodal point for the discourses of business, politics and media, and this basic assumption is also s reflected in the structure of the volume. Each of these three macro-topics comprises chapters by international scholars from a variety of disciplines and research traditions who each combine up-to-date overviews of the relevant literature with their own cutting-edge research into aspects of different public spheres such as corporate promotional communication, political rhetoric or genre features of electronic mass media. The broad scope of the volume is perhaps best reflected in a comprehensive discussion of communication technologies ranging from conventional spoken and written formats such as company brochures, political speeches and TV shows to emerging ones like customer chat forums, political blogs and text messaging. Due to the books' wide scope, its interdisciplinary approach and its clear structure, we are sure that whether you work in communication and media studies, linguistics, political science, sociology or marketing, you will find this handbook an invaluable guide offering state-of-the -art literature reviews and exciting new research in your field and adjacent areas. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: First 109 Minutes: 9/11 And The U.S. Air Force. Priscilla D. Jones, 2014-08-15 Tuesday, Sep. 11, 2001, dawned cool and clear, with sunny skies all along the eastern seaboard. For Air Force aviators like Lt. Col. Timothy Duff Duffy of the 102d Fighter Wing at Otis Air National Guard Base, Massachusetts, the day held the promise of perfect flying weather, at a time when the U.S. civil aviation system was enjoying a period of relative peace, despite concerns about a growing terrorist threat. More than ten years had passed since the last hijacking or bombing of a U.S. air carrier. That morning, however, the country came under a shocking, coordinated aerial assault by nineteen al Qaeda hijackers...The attack plan carried out by the suicide operatives had been years in the making. It was intended to cause mass, indiscriminate casualties and to destroy or damage the nation’s financial, military, and political centers, four high value U.S. targets selected by bin Laden, independent operator Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, and al Qaeda operations chief Mohammed Atef... By the time 1 World Trade Center, North Tower, collapsed at 10:28 a.m. EDT, almost three thousand people had been killed or were dying; the financial center of the U.S. had been reduced to burning, toxic rubble; the iconic symbol of the military strength of the country had been severely damaged; the tranquility of a field in Pennsylvania had been shattered; U.S. Air Force and Air National Guard fighter aircraft had set up combat air patrols over Washington, D.C., and New York City; and the administration of President George W. Bush and the Department of Defense (DOD) had begun shifting major resources of the federal government and military services to a new national priority, homeland defense. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Farnsworth's Classical English Rhetoric Ward Farnsworth, Cara Van Miriah, 2012-09 Ward Farnsworth details the timeless principles of rhetoric from Ancient Greece to the present day, drawing on examples in the English language of consummate masters of prose, such as Lincoln, Churchill, Dickens, Melville, and Burke. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Whose Freedom? George Lakoff, 2006-06-27 Since September 11, 2001, the Bush administration has relentlessly invoked the word freedom. The United States can strike preemptively because freedom is on the march. Social security should be privatized in order to protect individual freedoms. In the 2005 presidential inaugural speech, the words freedom, free, and liberty were used forty-nine times. Freedom is one of the most contested words in American political discourse, the keystone to the domestic and foreign policy battles that are racking this polarized nation. For many Democrats, it seems that President Bush's use of the word is meaningless and contradictory—deployed opportunistically to justify American military action abroad and the curtailing of civil liberties at home. But in Whose Freedom?, George Lakoff, an adviser to the Democratic party, shows that in fact the right has effected a devastatingly coherent and ideological redefinition of freedom. The conservative revolution has remade freedom in its own image and deployed it as a central weapon on the front lines of everything from the war on terror to the battles over religion in the classroom and abortion. In a deep and alarming analysis, Lakoff explains the mechanisms behind this hijacking of our most cherished political idea—and shows how progressives have not only failed to counter the right-wing attack on freedom but have failed to recognize its nature. Whose Freedom? argues forcefully what progressives must do to take back ground in this high-stakes war over the most central idea in American life. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Eleanor Roosevelt's Book of Common Sense Etiquette Eleanor Roosevelt, 2016-12-13 In an era of incivility, discover a timeless guide to good manners from First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt. “The basis of all good human behavior is kindness,” says Eleanor Roosevelt in this classic handbook, first published in 1962 as a “modern book of etiquette for modern Americans.” As a politician, diplomat, and activist, as well as the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, Mrs. Roosevelt knew that thoughtful, civil behavior was essential to peaceful, productive relationships. In this etiquette guide, she teaches that decorum is not about strict adherence to formal rules; it is about approaching all social situations with consideration for others. She advises, “If ever you find yourself in a situation in which following a formal rule would be manifestly unkind, forget it, and be kind instead.” Drawing from her personal and professional experiences, Roosevelt covers a broad range of topics, including business dealings and family affairs, writing letters and receiving guests, and entertaining at home and traveling abroad. Beginning with the necessity of good manners between husband and wife, she considers the importance of courtesy in society at large and the role all Americans play as ambassadors of democracy while visiting foreign countries. In an era of incivility, Eleanor Roosevelt’s Book of Common Sense Etiquette is more relevant than ever. This ebook has been professionally proofread to ensure accuracy and readability on all devices. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Rising Tide John M. Barry, 2007-09-17 A New York Times Notable Book of the Year, winner of the Southern Book Critics Circle Award and the Lillian Smith Award. An American epic of science, politics, race, honor, high society, and the Mississippi River, Rising Tide tells the riveting and nearly forgotten story of the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927. The river inundated the homes of almost one million people, helped elect Huey Long governor and made Herbert Hoover president, drove hundreds of thousands of African Americans north, and transformed American society and politics forever. The flood brought with it a human storm: white and black collided, honor and money collided, regional and national powers collided. New Orleans’s elite used their power to divert the flood to those without political connections, power, or wealth, while causing Black sharecroppers to abandon their land to flee up north. The states were unprepared for this disaster and failed to support the Black community. The racial divides only widened when a white officer killed a Black man for refusing to return to work on levee repairs after a sleepless night of work. In the powerful prose of Rising Tide, John M. Barry removes any remaining veil that there had been equality in the South. This flood not only left millions of people ruined, but further emphasized the racial inequality that have continued even to this day. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: War of Words Sandra Silberstein, 2004-08-02 In a media age, wars are waged not only with bombs and planes but also with video and sound bites. War of Words is an incisive report from the linguistic battlefields, probing the tales told about September 11th to show how Americans created consensus in the face of terror. Capturing the campaigns for America's hearts, minds, wallets and votes, Silberstein traces the key cultural conflicts that surfaced after the attacks and beyond: the attacks on critical intellectuals for their perceived 'blame America first' attitude the symbiotic relationship between terrorists and the media (mis)representations of Al Qaeda and the Taliban used to justify military action the commercialisation of September 11th news as 'entertainment' when covering tragic events. Now featuring a new chapter on the Second Anniversary and Beyond, including: the war in Iraq, the backlash against former 'heroes' and accusations of presidential mendacity. A perceptive and disturbing account, War of Words reveals the role of the media in manufacturing events and illuminates the shifting sands of American collective identity in the post September 11th world. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Rhetorical Criticism Sonja K. Foss, 2017-07-18 Over multiple editions, this transformative text has taught the lively art of rhetorical criticism to thousands of students at more than 300 colleges and universities. Insights from classroom use enrich each new edition. With an unparalleled talent for distilling sophisticated rhetorical concepts and processes, Sonja Foss highlights ten methods of doing rhetorical criticism—the systematic investigation and explanation of symbolic acts and artifacts. Each chapter focuses on one method, its foundational theories, and the steps necessary to perform an analysis using that method. Foss provides instructions on how to write coherent, well-argued reports of analytical findings, which are then illustrated by sample essays. A chapter on feminist criticism features the disruption of conventional ideologies and practices. Storytelling in the digital world is a timely addition to the chapter on narrative criticism. Student essays now include analyses of the same artifact using multiple methods. A deep understanding of rhetorical criticism equips readers to become engaged and active participants in shaping the nature of the worlds in which we live. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Oration by Frederick Douglass. Delivered on the Occasion of the Unveiling of the Freedmen's Monument in Memory of Abraham Lincoln, in Lincoln Park, Washington, D.C., April 14th, 1876, with an Appendix Frederick Douglass, 2024-06-14 Reprint of the original, first published in 1876. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Writing the War on Terrorism Richard Jackson, 2005-07-22 This book examines the language of the war on terrorism and is essential reading for anyone wanting to understand how the Bush administration's approach to counter-terrorism became the dominant policy paradigm in American politics today. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Reflecting 9/11 Heather Pope, Victoria Bryan, 2016-06-22 In over fifteen years, the cultural and artistic response to 9/11 has been wide-ranging in form and function. As the turbulent post-9/11 years have unfolded – years that have been shaped and characterized by the War on Terror, the Patriot Act, the Wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, 7/7, Abu Ghraib and Guantánamo Bay – these texts have been commemorative and heroic, have attempted to work through collective and individual traumas, and have struggled with trying to represent the “terrorist other.” Many of these earlier domestic, heroic and traumatic works have so often been read as limitations in narrative. This collection, however, challenges the language of limitation and provides re-readings of earlier work, but also traces the emergence of a new paradigm for discussing the artistic responses to 9/11 – one that frames these narratives as dialogic, self-conscious and self-reflexive interventions in the responses to the attacks, the initial representations of the attacks, and the ever-shifting social and geopolitical continuities of the 9/11 decade. These texts widen the conversation about the lasting impacts of 9/11, and incorporate strands of discussion on American exceptionalism and imperialism, torture, and otherness, whilst still remaining invested in the personal and collective traumas of the attacks. The authors included here ask crucial questions about the way 9/11 is being historicized: will it, for example, be read as a moment of rupture or epoch? Will it inevitably be attached to the War on Terror or the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan? As they trace the emergent patterns of reflexivity, politicization and dissent, the contributions here are also implicitly invested in asking how far they extend. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Rhetorical Power of Popular Culture Deanna D. Sellnow, 2017-02-17 Can television shows like Modern Family, popular music by performers like Taylor Swift, advertisements for products like Samuel Adams beer, and films such as The Hunger Games help us understand rhetorical theory and criticism? The Third Edition of The Rhetorical Power of Popular Culture offers students a step-by-step introduction to rhetorical theory and criticism by focusing on the powerful role popular culture plays in persuading us as to what to believe and how to behave. In every chapter, students are introduced to rhetorical theories, presented with current examples from popular culture that relate to the theory, and guided through demonstrations about how to describe, interpret, and evaluate popular culture texts through rhetorical analysis. Author Deanna Sellnow also provides sample student essays in every chapter to demonstrate rhetorical criticism in practice. This edition’s easy-to-understand approach and range of popular culture examples help students apply rhetorical theory and criticism to their own lives and assigned work. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Rhetoric of Religion Kenneth Burke, 1970-04 But the point of Burke's work, and the significance of his achievement, is not that he points out that religion and language affect each other, for this has been said before, but that he proceeds to demonstrate how this is so by reference to a specific symbolic context. After a discussion 'On Words and The Word,' he analysess verbal action in St. Augustine's Confessions. He then discusses the first three chapters of Genesis, and ends with a brilliant and profound 'Prologue in Heaven,' an imaginary dialogue between the Lord and Satan in which he proposes that we begin our study of human motives with complex theories of transcendence,' rather than with terminologies developed in the use of simplified laboratory equipment. . . . Burke now feels, after some forty years of search, that he has created a model of the symbolic act which breaks through the rigidities of the 'sacred-secular' dichotomy, and at the same time shows us how we get from secular and sacred realms of action over the bridge of language. . . . Religious systems are systems of action based on communication in society. They are great social dramas which are played out on earth before an ultimate audience, God. But where theology confronts the developed cosmological drama in the 'grand style,' that is, as a fully developed cosmological drama for its religious content, the 'logologer' can be further studied not directly as knowledge but as anecdotes that help reveal for us the quandaries of human governance. --Hugh Dalziel Duncan from Critical Responses to Kenneth Burke, 1924 - 1966, edited by William H. Rueckert (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1969). |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address Abraham Lincoln, 2022-09-16 DigiCat Publishing presents to you this special edition of Abraham Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address by Abraham Lincoln. DigiCat Publishing considers every written word to be a legacy of humankind. Every DigiCat book has been carefully reproduced for republishing in a new modern format. The books are available in print, as well as ebooks. DigiCat hopes you will treat this work with the acknowledgment and passion it deserves as a classic of world literature. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Surviving the Angel of Death Eva Kor, Lisa Buccieri, 2012-03-13 Describes the life of Eva Mozes and her twin sister Miriam as they were interred at the Auschwitz concentration camp during the Holocaust, where Dr. Josef Mengele performed sadistic medical experiments on them until their release. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Rhetorical Criticism Sonja K. Foss, 2004 |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Hill We Climb Amanda Gorman, 2021-03-30 The instant #1 New York Times bestseller and #1 USA Today bestseller Amanda Gorman’s electrifying and historic poem “The Hill We Climb,” read at President Joe Biden’s inauguration, is now available as a collectible gift edition. “Stunning.” —CNN “Dynamic.” —NPR “Deeply rousing and uplifting.” —Vogue On January 20, 2021, Amanda Gorman became the sixth and youngest poet to deliver a poetry reading at a presidential inauguration. Taking the stage after the 46th president of the United States, Joe Biden, Gorman captivated the nation and brought hope to viewers around the globe with her call for unity and healing. Her poem “The Hill We Climb: An Inaugural Poem for the Country” can now be cherished in this special gift edition, perfect for any reader looking for some inspiration. Including an enduring foreword by Oprah Winfrey, this remarkable keepsake celebrates the promise of America and affirms the power of poetry. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Communicating Terror Joseph S. Tuman, 2003-05-20 Communicating Terror: The Rhetorical Dimensions of Terrorism argues that the meaning of terrorism is socially constructed and suggests a new definition of terrorism, chiefly as a process of communication between terrorists and multiple target audiences. Concise yet comprehensive, this up-to-date text examines how acts of terrorism create rhetorical acts: What messages, persuasive meanings, symbols, do acts of terrorism generate and communicate to the world at large? These rhetorical components include definitions and labels, symbolism in terrorism, public oratory about terrorism, and the relationship between terror and media. This book examines diverse acts of terrorism, not just September 11th or recent events in the Middle East, to show the history and various effects of these acts as a medium for communication. This unique communication perspective shows how the rhetoric of terrorism is truly a war of words, symbols, and meanings. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: And Still I Rise Maya Angelou, 2011-08-17 Maya Angelou’s unforgettable collection of poetry lends its name to the documentary film about her life, And Still I Rise, as seen on PBS’s American Masters. Pretty women wonder where my secret lies. I’m not cute or built to suit a fashion model’s size But when I start to tell them, They think I’m telling lies. I say, It’s in the reach of my arms, The span of my hips, The stride of my step, The curl of my lips. I’m a woman Phenomenally. Phenomenal woman, That’s me. Thus begins “Phenomenal Woman,” just one of the beloved poems collected here in Maya Angelou’s third book of verse. These poems are powerful, distinctive, and fresh—and, as always, full of the lifting rhythms of love and remembering. And Still I Rise is written from the heart, a celebration of life as only Maya Angelou has discovered it. “It is true poetry she is writing,” M.F.K. Fisher has observed, “not just rhythm, the beat, rhymes. I find it very moving and at times beautiful. It has an innate purity about it, unquenchable dignity. . . . It is astounding, flabbergasting, to recognize it, in all the words I read every day and night . . . it gives me heart, to hear so clearly the caged bird singing and to understand her notes.” |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The SAGE Handbook of Rhetorical Studies Andrea A. Lunsford, Kirt H. Wilson, Rosa A. Eberly, 2009 The SAGE Handbook of Rhetorical Studies surveys the latest advances in rhetorical scholarship, synthesizing theories and practices across major areas of study in the field and pointing the way for future studies. Edited by Andrea A. Lunsford and Associate Editors Kirt H. Wilson and Rosa A. Eberly, the Handbook aims to introduce a new generation of students to rhetorical study and provide a deeply informed and ready resource for scholars currently working in the field. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Give Me Liberty Or Give Me Death (Annotated) Patrick Henry, 2020-12-22 'Give me Liberty, or give me Death'! is a famous quotation attributed to Patrick Henry from a speech he made to the Virginia Convention. It was given March 23, 1775, at St. John's Church in Richmond, Virginia, .. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Speech & Language Processing Dan Jurafsky, 2000-09 |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Courage of Turtles Edward Hoagland, 1985 |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: The Legal Writing Handbook Laurel Currie Oates, Anne Enquist, Kelly Kunsch, 1993 |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: In the Shadow of No Towers Art Spiegelman, 2020-07-21 |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: An Analysis of Post 9/11 Presidential Rhetoric - Lead-up to the Iraq War Marc Weinrich, 2010-08 Bachelor Thesis from the year 2009 in the subject American Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,0, University of Hildesheim (English Department), language: English, abstract: On the morning of May 1st, 2003 President George W. Bush landed on the aircraft carrier U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln off the coast of San Diego, California, announcing from its deck that major combat operations in Iraq have ended (George W. Bush, May 1st, 2003). On the prominent banner behind him, it said: Mission Accomplished. The war had only begun one and a half months prior to this event and currently (October, 2009) American troops are still deployed and involved in combat in Iraq. The mission of the Iraq war was certainly not accomplished on May 1, 2003. What the Bush Administration had accomplished, was something else, however: they convinced the majority of the American people of the necessity of this war, which was reflected in polls, at that time. According to the Gallup Poll, 75% of all Americans approved of sending American troops to Iraq in March, 2003 (Gallup, 2009). Americans were told that the Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) and, therefore, was a threat to the United States. However, to date, no weapons of mass destruction have been found in Iraq, although their alleged existence was one of the main reasons for going to war. The Bush Administration managed to make the vast majority of Americans believe this false assumption. The goal of this paper is to explore how a U.S. president, who was not considered a good speaker, nevertheless succeeded in convincing the American citizens that going to war was the 'right thing to do'. In this paper, it will, first, be briefly outlined what role presidential rhetoric plays, then the post-9/11 rhetoric of the Bush Administration and its circumstances will be examined. An attempt will be made to prove that the rhetoric of the Bush Administration was the key to the high level of support from the U.S. popula |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: An Address to a Joint Session of Congress United States. President (2001-2009 : Bush), 2001 |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Communicating Terror Joseph S. Tuman, 2010 Concise yet comprehensive, this up-to-date text examines how acts of terrorism create rhetorical acts: What messages, persuasive meanings, symbols, do acts of terrorism generate and communicate to the world at large? These rhetorical components include definitions and labels, symbolism in terrorism, public oratory about terrorism, and the relationship between terror and media. This unique communication perspective (vs. political scienceiminal justice approach) shows how the rhetoric of terrorism is truly a war of words, symbols, and meanings. |
| 9 11 speech rhetorical analysis: Understanding Rhetoric Eamon M. Cunningham, 2020-01-01 Understanding Rhetoric: A Guide to Critical Reading and Argumentation is a composition textbook that outlines three essential skills – rhetoric, argument, and source-based writing – geared towards newcomers and advanced students alike. Though comprehensive in its coverage, the book’s focus is a simple one: how to move beyond a gut reaction while reading to an articulation of what is effective and what is not, while explicitly answering the most important question of Why? This text gets at this central concern in two fundamental ways. First, the text teaches composition as a cumulative process, coaching you how to question, challenge, and expand on not just the readings you hold in your hands, but also how to interrogate the internal processes of writing and thinking. The book's blend of composition methods detail the cross-point of product and process to turn reading and writing from a matter of coming up with answers to questions to learning what type of questions need to be asked in the first place. The right questions, the text argues, are fundamentally rhetorical in nature. Second, the content of the practice-based chapters is framed into a larger mesh of intellectual history to show how the writing and thinking you are doing today is continuous with a long history of writing instruction that goes back to the ancient world. This book provides equal representation from classical and contemporary theory with the recognition that theory cannot be fully grasped without practice, and practice cannot be fully understood without its theoretical antecedent. After all, you can’t write outside the box until you know where the box is and what it looks like. |
9 (2009) - IMDb
9: Directed by Shane Acker. With Christopher Plummer, Martin Landau, John C. Reilly, Crispin Glover. A rag doll that awakens in a postapocalyptic future holds the key to humanity's salvation.
9 - Wikipedia
9 (nine) is the natural number following 8 and preceding 10. Circa 300 BC, as part of the Brahmi numerals, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark …
9GAG - Best Funny Memes and Breaking News
We deliver hundreds of new memes daily and much more humor anywhere you go.
9 streaming: where to watch movie online? - JustWatch
Find out how and where to watch "9" online on Netflix, Prime Video, and Disney+ today – including 4K and free options.
9 (2009 film) | 9 Wiki | Fandom
9 is a 2009 American computer-animated science fiction film directed by Shane Acker, and produced by Tim Burton and Timur Bekmambetov. The film stars Elijah Wood, John C. Reilly, …
9 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
9 (nine) is the Arabic number which comes after 8 and before 10. It is an odd number, and is the highest single-digit number. It is also a square number. In Roman numerals, nine can be …
9 - Rotten Tomatoes
When 9 (Elijah Wood) springs to life, it finds itself in a post-apocalyptic world where humans no longer exist, and the only signs of life are sentient rag dolls like itself and the...
Watch 9 | Prime Video - amazon.com
When 9 first comes to life, he finds himself in a post-apocalyptic world where humans are gone. He discovers a small community of others like him taking refuge from fearsome machines that …
9 (number) - New World Encyclopedia
9 (nine) is a number, numeral, and glyph that represents the number. It is the natural number [1] that follows 8 and precedes 10. It is an integer and a cardinal number, that is, a number that is …
9 (2009) — The Movie Database (TMDB)
Sep 9, 2009 · When 9 first comes to life, he finds himself in a post-apocalyptic world. All humans are gone, and it is only by chance that he discovers a small community of others like him …
9 (2009) - IMDb
9: Directed by Shane Acker. With Christopher Plummer, Martin Landau, John C. Reilly, Crispin Glover. A rag doll that awakens in a postapocalyptic future holds the key to humanity's salvation.
9 - Wikipedia
9 (nine) is the natural number following 8 and preceding 10. Circa 300 BC, as part of the Brahmi numerals, various Indians wrote a digit 9 similar in shape to the modern closing question mark …
9GAG - Best Funny Memes and Breaking News
We deliver hundreds of new memes daily and much more humor anywhere you go.
9 streaming: where to watch movie online? - JustWatch
Find out how and where to watch "9" online on Netflix, Prime Video, and Disney+ today – including 4K and free options.
9 (2009 film) | 9 Wiki | Fandom
9 is a 2009 American computer-animated science fiction film directed by Shane Acker, and produced by Tim Burton and Timur Bekmambetov. The film stars Elijah Wood, John C. Reilly, …
9 (number) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
9 (nine) is the Arabic number which comes after 8 and before 10. It is an odd number, and is the highest single-digit number. It is also a square number. In Roman numerals, nine can be …
9 - Rotten Tomatoes
When 9 (Elijah Wood) springs to life, it finds itself in a post-apocalyptic world where humans no longer exist, and the only signs of life are sentient rag dolls like itself and the...
Watch 9 | Prime Video - amazon.com
When 9 first comes to life, he finds himself in a post-apocalyptic world where humans are gone. He discovers a small community of others like him taking refuge from fearsome machines that …
9 (number) - New World Encyclopedia
9 (nine) is a number, numeral, and glyph that represents the number. It is the natural number [1] that follows 8 and precedes 10. It is an integer and a cardinal number, that is, a number that is …
9 (2009) — The Movie Database (TMDB)
Sep 9, 2009 · When 9 first comes to life, he finds himself in a post-apocalyptic world. All humans are gone, and it is only by chance that he discovers a small community of others like him …
