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A Necessary Resource for Science: Access to High-Quality Data
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, Professor of Data Science and Scientific Methodology, University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Reed has over 20 years of experience in research methodology and data analysis, with a focus on the ethical and practical implications of data access in scientific research.
Publisher: Springer Nature. Springer Nature is a leading global research, educational, and professional publisher, known for its rigorous peer-review processes and commitment to disseminating high-quality scientific information.
Editor: Dr. Michael Chen, PhD, Senior Editor, Springer Nature. Dr. Chen has extensive experience in editing and publishing scientific articles, with a particular focus on data science and the reproducibility of research.
Keywords: a necessary resource for science, scientific data, data access, research data, open science, data management, big data, data sharing, reproducible research, scientific integrity.
Abstract: The availability of high-quality data is undeniably a necessary resource for science. This article explores the multifaceted significance of data access in driving scientific progress, highlighting its role in fostering innovation, validating research findings, and ensuring the reproducibility and integrity of scientific endeavors. We examine various aspects of data accessibility, including the challenges posed by data scarcity, the ethical considerations of data sharing, and the evolving landscape of open science initiatives. The critical importance of robust data management practices and the development of standardized data formats are also addressed. Ultimately, this article argues that ensuring universal access to high-quality data is not merely beneficial but fundamentally crucial for the future of scientific discovery and its impact on society.
1. Introduction: The Cornerstone of Scientific Advancement
Science, at its core, relies on the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data. A necessary resource for science, therefore, is the ready availability of high-quality, reliable data. This data serves as the foundation upon which hypotheses are tested, theories are formulated, and advancements are made. Without access to robust datasets, scientific progress grinds to a halt. The significance of data extends beyond individual research projects; it underpins the cumulative body of knowledge that shapes our understanding of the world.
2. The Role of Data in Scientific Discovery
The process of scientific discovery is iterative, built upon previous findings and constantly refined through new observations. A necessary resource for science is not just the raw data itself but the tools and infrastructure that enable researchers to access, process, and interpret it effectively. This includes sophisticated software for data analysis, high-performance computing resources, and well-defined data standards that allow for interoperability between different datasets. The ability to integrate data from multiple sources is increasingly crucial in tackling complex scientific problems, highlighting the need for comprehensive and readily available data repositories.
3. Challenges to Data Accessibility:
Despite its fundamental importance, access to a necessary resource for science, namely data, is often hampered by several significant challenges. Data scarcity is a pervasive issue in many scientific fields, particularly those dealing with rare phenomena or limited resources. Furthermore, data is often siloed within individual research groups or institutions, hindering collaborative research and the efficient dissemination of knowledge. Intellectual property concerns, confidentiality requirements, and the lack of standardized data formats further complicate data accessibility.
4. The Ethical Dimensions of Data Sharing:
The sharing of scientific data presents significant ethical considerations. Issues of privacy, particularly when dealing with sensitive personal information, must be carefully addressed. Data anonymization and secure data storage protocols are crucial for safeguarding individual privacy while promoting open science. Furthermore, the ethical responsibility of data curation and proper attribution of sources must be emphasized to prevent misrepresentation or plagiarism. Establishing clear guidelines and best practices for data sharing is paramount to ensuring responsible scientific conduct.
5. Open Science and Data Transparency:
The open science movement advocates for increased transparency and accessibility of scientific data. Open data initiatives promote the free and unrestricted sharing of research data, fostering collaboration, reproducibility, and the wider dissemination of scientific knowledge. Open access repositories and data sharing platforms are playing an increasingly vital role in making a necessary resource for science—data—freely available to researchers globally. However, the successful implementation of open science requires careful consideration of ethical implications, data security, and the development of sustainable infrastructure.
6. Data Management and Reproducibility:
The ability to reproduce scientific findings is crucial for ensuring the integrity and validity of research. A necessary resource for science, in this context, is meticulous data management. This includes the creation of detailed metadata, standardized data formats, and comprehensive documentation of research methodologies. These practices greatly enhance the transparency and reproducibility of scientific work, fostering confidence in research findings and accelerating scientific progress. Tools and techniques for version control and data tracking are also essential for ensuring data integrity and enabling collaborative research efforts.
7. The Future of Data in Science: Big Data and AI:
The exponential growth of data in recent years, often referred to as "big data," presents both opportunities and challenges for scientific research. The sheer volume, velocity, and variety of data necessitate the development of sophisticated analytical tools and computational techniques. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are playing an increasingly crucial role in processing and interpreting large datasets, enabling new discoveries and insights that were previously impossible. However, responsible data governance and the development of ethical AI frameworks are crucial to ensure the integrity and responsible use of these powerful technologies. A necessary resource for science, therefore, is not just the data itself, but the expertise and infrastructure to analyze and interpret it effectively and ethically.
8. Conclusion:
In conclusion, access to high-quality data is undeniably a necessary resource for science. Its significance extends beyond individual research projects, forming the bedrock of scientific progress, innovation, and the advancement of human knowledge. Addressing the challenges associated with data accessibility, promoting ethical data sharing practices, and embracing open science initiatives are crucial for maximizing the potential of data to drive scientific discovery and benefit society. The future of science hinges on our collective ability to effectively manage, share, and interpret the vast and ever-growing volume of scientific data.
FAQs:
1. What are some examples of “necessary resources for science” beyond data? Funding, specialized equipment, skilled personnel, and access to computing resources are also crucial.
2. How can researchers ensure data quality? Through careful experimental design, rigorous data collection methods, appropriate data cleaning techniques, and the use of quality control checks.
3. What are some key ethical considerations in data sharing? Privacy, confidentiality, security, intellectual property rights, and attribution.
4. What are the benefits of open data initiatives? Increased collaboration, improved reproducibility, wider dissemination of research findings, and accelerated scientific progress.
5. How can researchers improve data management practices? By establishing clear data management plans, using standardized data formats, and implementing version control systems.
6. What are the challenges of managing "big data" in scientific research? Storage capacity, computational power, data processing speed, and the need for advanced analytical techniques.
7. How can AI and ML improve scientific discovery? By identifying patterns and insights in large datasets, automating data analysis tasks, and accelerating the pace of scientific research.
8. What role do scientific journals play in ensuring data accessibility? Many journals now require researchers to share their data alongside their publications, often through online repositories.
9. What are the potential consequences of limited data access in scientific research? Slowed scientific progress, decreased reproducibility, replication crises, and a potential increase in bias in research findings.
Related Articles:
1. The Impact of Open Data on Scientific Publication: Explores how open data initiatives are transforming the landscape of scientific publishing and promoting greater transparency and reproducibility.
2. Data Privacy and Security in Scientific Research: Examines the ethical and practical challenges associated with protecting sensitive data while promoting data sharing.
3. The Role of Metadata in Enhancing Data Discoverability and Reuse: Focuses on the importance of metadata in improving the findability and usability of scientific datasets.
4. Big Data Analytics in Biomedical Research: Discusses the application of big data analytics techniques to advance discoveries in the field of biomedicine.
5. Reproducibility Crisis in Science: Causes and Solutions: Analyzes the causes of the reproducibility crisis and explores solutions, including improved data management and transparency.
6. The Ethics of AI in Scientific Research: Investigates the ethical implications of using AI and machine learning in scientific research, including issues of bias and accountability.
7. Building Sustainable Data Repositories for Scientific Research: Examines the challenges and best practices for establishing and maintaining long-term data repositories.
8. The Future of Scientific Data Management: Explores emerging trends and technologies that are shaping the future of scientific data management.
9. Funding for Open Science Initiatives: A Global Perspective: Analyzes the funding landscape for open science and explores strategies for ensuring long-term sustainability.
| a necessary resource for science: Proceedings of 2023 China Science and Technology Information Resource Management and Service Annual Conference , 2024 |
| a necessary resource for science: Ambitious Science Teaching Mark Windschitl, Jessica Thompson, Melissa Braaten, 2020-08-05 2018 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Ambitious Science Teaching outlines a powerful framework for science teaching to ensure that instruction is rigorous and equitable for students from all backgrounds. The practices presented in the book are being used in schools and districts that seek to improve science teaching at scale, and a wide range of science subjects and grade levels are represented. The book is organized around four sets of core teaching practices: planning for engagement with big ideas; eliciting student thinking; supporting changes in students’ thinking; and drawing together evidence-based explanations. Discussion of each practice includes tools and routines that teachers can use to support students’ participation, transcripts of actual student-teacher dialogue and descriptions of teachers’ thinking as it unfolds, and examples of student work. The book also provides explicit guidance for “opportunity to learn” strategies that can help scaffold the participation of diverse students. Since the success of these practices depends so heavily on discourse among students, Ambitious Science Teaching includes chapters on productive classroom talk. Science-specific skills such as modeling and scientific argument are also covered. Drawing on the emerging research on core teaching practices and their extensive work with preservice and in-service teachers, Ambitious Science Teaching presents a coherent and aligned set of resources for educators striving to meet the considerable challenges that have been set for them. |
| a necessary resource for science: Information Resource Science Tatyana Berestova, 2020-08-24 This book is devoted to a new scientific research area termed ‘Information Resource Science’. The majority of previous publications about information resources are simply a description of new research and developments or a marketing presentation of information resources. As such, while applicative knowledge about information resources is dynamically developing today, there is no actual theoretical study of information resource science. This book serves to solve basic issues of information resource theory, and fills the numerous lacunae that exist in the theoretical knowledge of information resources. The solutions presented here will help in dealing with applied problems of information resource science, which will, ultimately, have a positive effect on the practice of creating and using one of the most important modern sources of activity for both the individual and society. |
| a necessary resource for science: Resources for Teaching Middle School Science Smithsonian Institution, National Academy of Engineering, National Science Resources Center of the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, 1998-03-30 With age-appropriate, inquiry-centered curriculum materials and sound teaching practices, middle school science can capture the interest and energy of adolescent students and expand their understanding of the world around them. Resources for Teaching Middle School Science, developed by the National Science Resources Center (NSRC), is a valuable tool for identifying and selecting effective science curriculum materials that will engage students in grades 6 through 8. The volume describes more than 400 curriculum titles that are aligned with the National Science Education Standards. This completely new guide follows on the success of Resources for Teaching Elementary School Science, the first in the NSRC series of annotated guides to hands-on, inquiry-centered curriculum materials and other resources for science teachers. The curriculum materials in the new guide are grouped in five chapters by scientific areaâ€Physical Science, Life Science, Environmental Science, Earth and Space Science, and Multidisciplinary and Applied Science. They are also grouped by typeâ€core materials, supplementary units, and science activity books. Each annotation of curriculum material includes a recommended grade level, a description of the activities involved and of what students can be expected to learn, a list of accompanying materials, a reading level, and ordering information. The curriculum materials included in this book were selected by panels of teachers and scientists using evaluation criteria developed for the guide. The criteria reflect and incorporate goals and principles of the National Science Education Standards. The annotations designate the specific content standards on which these curriculum pieces focus. In addition to the curriculum chapters, the guide contains six chapters of diverse resources that are directly relevant to middle school science. Among these is a chapter on educational software and multimedia programs, chapters on books about science and teaching, directories and guides to science trade books, and periodicals for teachers and students. Another section features institutional resources. One chapter lists about 600 science centers, museums, and zoos where teachers can take middle school students for interactive science experiences. Another chapter describes nearly 140 professional associations and U.S. government agencies that offer resources and assistance. Authoritative, extensive, and thoroughly indexedâ€and the only guide of its kindâ€Resources for Teaching Middle School Science will be the most used book on the shelf for science teachers, school administrators, teacher trainers, science curriculum specialists, advocates of hands-on science teaching, and concerned parents. |
| a necessary resource for science: A Primer on Natural Resource Science Fred S. Guthery, 2008 Guthery uses his long experience, the body of his own research, and the research of other fisheries, range, and wildlife scientists to convey the philosophical underpinnings of science. By providing real-life examples in the practice of natural resource science, he offers some very practical, occasionally painful, and sometimes humorous lessons on the human urge to know about nature through science. These lessons will be welcomed by all natural resource students and professionals who want to be good scientists.-- From publisher's description. |
| a necessary resource for science: Resources in Education , 2001 |
| a necessary resource for science: Annual Report of the National Science Foundation National Science Foundation (U.S.), |
| a necessary resource for science: 1980 National Science Foundation Authorization United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Technology, 1979 |
| a necessary resource for science: Advanced Techniques in Computing Sciences and Software Engineering Khaled Elleithy, 2010-03-10 Advanced Techniques in Computing Sciences and Software Engineering includes a set of rigorously reviewed world-class manuscripts addressing and detailing state-of-the-art research projects in the areas of Computer Science, Software Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Systems Engineering and Sciences. Advanced Techniques in Computing Sciences and Software Engineering includes selected papers form the conference proceedings of the International Conference on Systems, Computing Sciences and Software Engineering (SCSS 2008) which was part of the International Joint Conferences on Computer, Information and Systems Sciences and Engineering (CISSE 2008). |
| a necessary resource for science: Microbiology Australia , 2006-03 |
| a necessary resource for science: Science and environment United States. Commission on Marine Science, Engineering, and Resources, 1969 |
| a necessary resource for science: Global Science’s Cooperation Opportunities, Challenges, and Good Practices Moussaoui, Mohamed, 2023-07-24 Science diplomacy gives possibilities for international diplomacy and science policy to collaborate to more directly address social and global challenges, such as successful diplomatic engagement, international scientific coordination, and policy coherence in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most academic scientists lack policy process training, networking opportunities with science policymakers, and the capacity to use their expertise in the field to advance policy or diplomacy. These barriers limit scientists' research impact, inhibit science-policy relations, reduce science recommendations, and restrict university engagement in national and international contexts. The origins of science diplomacy have yet to be closely examined, and its current format does not give a clear understanding of how it concretely translates into science policy actions. Global Science’s Cooperation Opportunities, Challenges, and Good Practices provides a comprehensive overview of science diplomacy and its evolution in history and analyzes the ways in which politics, science, and diplomacy intertwine. The book also provides a critical review of science diplomacy by exposing its limitations in addressing global challenges and by reflecting on the specific questions relating to the adaptation of the science diplomacy concept to the context of the Global South. Covering key topics such as climate change, foreign policy, and energy consumption, this premier reference source is ideal for policymakers, government officials, politicians, industry professionals, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students. |
| a necessary resource for science: Sustainable Development: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy J. Lemons, Donald A. Brown, 2013-06-29 Of all the books written about the problems of sustainable development and environmental protection, Sustainable Development: Science, Ethics, and Public Policy is one of the first to examine the role of science, economics and law, and ethics as generally applied to decision making on sustainable development, particularly in respect to the recommendations contained in Agenda 21. Specifically, the book examines the role, capabilities, and certain strengths and weaknesses of these disciplines and their ethical implications in the context of sustainable development problems. Such an analysis is necessary to determine whether sustainable development problems create important new challenges and problems for government so that, where appropriate, new tools or approaches may be designed to overcome limitations or take advantage of the strengths of current scientific, economic and legal capabilities. Audience: Environmental professionals, whether academic, governmental or industrial, or in the private consultancy sector. Also suitable as an upper level text or reference. |
| a necessary resource for science: Data Science – Analytics and Applications Peter Haber, Thomas J. Lampoltshammer, Helmut Leopold, Manfred Mayr, 2022-03-29 Organizations have moved already from the rigid structure of classical project management towards the adoption of agile approaches. This holds also true for software development projects, which need to be flexible to adopt to rapid requests of clients as well to reflect changes that are required due to architectural design decisions. With data science having established itself as corner stone within organizations and businesses, it is now imperative to perform this crucial step for analytical business processes as well. The non-deterministic nature of data science and its inherent analytical tasks require an interactive approach towards an evolutionary step-by-step development to realize core essential business applications and use cases. The 4th International Data Science Conference (iDSC) 2021 brought together researchers, scientists, and business experts to discuss means of establishing new ways of embracing agile approaches within the various domains of data science, such as machine learning and AI, data mining, or visualization and communication as well as case studies and best practices from leading research institutions and business companies. The proceedings include all full papers presented in the scientific track and the corresponding German abstracts as well as the short papers from the student track. Among the topics of interest are: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Implementation of data mining processes Agile Data Science and Visualization Case Studies and Applications for Agile Data Science --- Organisationen sind bereits von der starren Struktur des klassischen Projektmanagements zu agilen Ansätzen übergegangen. Dies gilt auch für Softwareentwicklungsprojekte, die flexibel sein müssen, um schnell auf die Wünsche der Kunden reagieren zu können und um Änderungen zu berücksichtigen, die aufgrund von Architekturentscheidungen erforderlich sind. Nachdem sich die Datenwissenschaft als Eckpfeiler in Organisationen und Unternehmen etabliert hat, ist es nun zwingend erforderlich, diesen entscheidenden Schritt auch für analytische Geschäftsprozesse durchzuführen. Die nicht-deterministische Natur der Datenwissenschaft und die ihr innewohnenden analytischen Aufgaben erfordern einen interaktiven Ansatz für eine evolutionäre, schrittweise Entwicklung zur Realisierung der wichtigsten Geschäftsanwendungen und Anwendungsfälle. Die 4. Internationale Konferenz zur Datenwissenschaft (iDSC 2021) brachte Forscher, Wissenschaftler und Wirtschaftsexperten zusammen, um Möglichkeiten zu erörtern, wie neue Wege zur Umsetzung agiler Ansätze in den verschiedenen Bereichen der Datenwissenschaft, wie maschinelles Lernen und KI, Data Mining oder Visualisierung und Kommunikation, sowie Fallstudien und Best Practices von führenden Forschungseinrichtungen und Wirtschaftsunternehmen etabliert werden können. Der Tagungsband umfasst alle im wissenschaftlichen Track vorgestellten Volltexte und die Kurzbeiträge aus dem studentischen Track auf Englisch und die dazugehörigen Abstracts auf Deutsch. Zu den Themen, die sie interessieren, gehören unter anderem: Künstliche Intelligenz und Maschinelles Lernen Implementierung von Data-Mining-Prozessen Agile Datenwissenschaft und Visualisierung Fallstudien und Anwendungen für Agile Datenwissenschaft |
| a necessary resource for science: Marine Science United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, 1961 Considers S. 901, the Marine Sciences and Research Act of 1961, to establish Federal oceanographic research programs. |
| a necessary resource for science: 1972, National Science Foundation Authorization, Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Science, Research and Development, and the Committee...92-1, on H.R. 4743, Feb. 25; March 5, 23-26, 30; April 6, 7, 1971 United States. Congress. House. Science and Astronautics, 1971 |
| a necessary resource for science: GIS and Geocomputation for Water Resource Science and Engineering Barnali Dixon, Venkatesh Uddameri, 2016-02-08 GIS and Geocomputation for Water Resource Science and Engineering not only provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of geographic information systems but also demonstrates how GIS and mathematical models can be integrated to develop spatial decision support systems to support water resources planning, management and engineering. The book uses a hands-on active learning approach to introduce fundamental concepts and numerous case-studies are provided to reinforce learning and demonstrate practical aspects. The benefits and challenges of using GIS in environmental and water resources fields are clearly tackled in this book, demonstrating how these technologies can be used to harness increasingly available digital data to develop spatially-oriented sustainable solutions. In addition to providing a strong grounding on fundamentals, the book also demonstrates how GIS can be combined with traditional physics-based and statistical models as well as information-theoretic tools like neural networks and fuzzy set theory. |
| a necessary resource for science: VIII International Scientific and Practical Conference «AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO SCIENCE MODERNIZATION: METHODS, MODELS AND MULTIDISCIPLINARITY» , 2024-09-06 The conference is included in the catalog of International Scientific Conferences; approved by ResearchBib and UKRISTEI (Certificate № 368 dated June 12th, 2024); certified by Euro Science Certification Group (Certificate № 22678 dated July 28th, 2024). Conference proceedings are indexed in Index Copernicus (World of Papers), CrossRef, OUCI, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, ORCID and OpenAIRE. |
| a necessary resource for science: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference , 2000 |
| a necessary resource for science: Science as a Quest for Truth Bengt Kristensson Uggla, 2024-01-05 This book presents a unified theory of science by challenging some of the lingering myths and anachronisms associated with our understanding of what it means to be scientific. The book presents a new science narrative focused on the dialectics of discovering/inventing new worlds in an age of hermeneutics, and as an alternative to the prevailing view of the history of science as, largely, a confrontation between science and religion. It argues that the development of modern science is, in a complex way, intertwined with the history of the university, a knowledge institution that throughout the centuries has repeatedly managed to reinvent itself—so successfully, indeed, that it has paradoxically led to a fundamental crisis of identity today. The book suggests that, in order to recognize science as a quest for truth in a globalizing world of cognitive horizontalization, we need to transcend the false alternatives of objectivistic certitude (possessing “the Truth”) and relativistic resignation (“post-truth”) by means of a new focus on collegial practices. |
| a necessary resource for science: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change Conference: Wilderness visitors, experiences, and visitor management , 2000 |
| a necessary resource for science: 1972 National Science Foundation Authorization United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics. Subcommittee on Science, Research, and Development, 1971 |
| a necessary resource for science: Workflows for e-Science Ian J. Taylor, Ewa Deelman, Dennis B. Gannon, Matthew Shields, 2007-12-31 This is a timely book presenting an overview of the current state-of-the-art within established projects, presenting many different aspects of workflow from users to tool builders. It provides an overview of active research, from a number of different perspectives. It includes theoretical aspects of workflow and deals with workflow for e-Science as opposed to e-Commerce. The topics covered will be of interest to a wide range of practitioners. |
| a necessary resource for science: Proceedings of the 2024 10th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2024) Zehui Zhan, 2024 |
| a necessary resource for science: Science and Resources Management in the National Park Service United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. Subcommittee on National Parks and Public Lands, 1997 |
| a necessary resource for science: Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 2010 United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies, 2009 |
| a necessary resource for science: Open Science in Africa Katie Wilson, Rania Mohamed Hassan Baleela, Heila Pienaar, Martie Van Deventer, Dale Peters, 2023-08-30 There is an ongoing transition in the research enterprise towards Open Science (OS), increasing transparency in researchers’ collaboration, knowledge exchange, and how science is organized. The Open Access (OA) movement can be seen as a case study of the challenges that this transition can present. For example, despite all the advantages of OA and the fact that the concept is exceptionally strong as a principle, it is yet to be implemented across all institutions, particularly in Africa. Even though research productivity from the African continent has increased over the last two decades, the global north still dominates the scholarly communication and publication sphere. High article processing charges (APCs) can make it difficult for some African researchers to publish in highly rated- and respected academic journals, which are critical to their career advancement. Fee waivers and discounts are available but eligibility and percentages vary by publisher and predatory publishing presents a challenge to African researchers. In addition, the exclusion of many African publication sources from the major bibliographic databases such as Scopus and the Web of Science skews and limits bibliometric analysis and influences the outcomes of world university rankings. This Research Topic aims to investigate the transition to OS in the African continent. This will include researchers' and other stakeholders’ (support services, policy makers) concerns regarding OS as well as the advantages it offers them. Moreover, the role of new technologies is also of interest in the implementation of OA as it is the knowledge divide between different countries and regions. It is also crucial to address what needs to change in the research enterprise to make OS a worthwhile venture/practice for most researchers and research role-players and how they can cope with the contradictory challenges. |
| a necessary resource for science: Natural Resource Year in Review , 1997 |
| a necessary resource for science: Advances in Materials Sciences, Energy Technology and Environmental Engineering Aragona Patty, Zhou Peijiang, 2017-01-20 The 2016 International Conference on Materials Science, Energy Technology and Environmental Engineering (MSETEE 2016) took place May 28-29, 2016 in Zhuhai City, China. MSETEE 2016 brought together academics and industrial experts in the field of materials science, energy technology and environmental engineering. The primary goal of the conference was to promote research and developmental activities in these research areas and to promote scientific information interchange between researchers, developers, engineers, students, and practitioners working around the world. The conference will be held every year serving as platform for researchers to share views and experience in materials science, energy technology and environmental engineering and related areas. |
| a necessary resource for science: National Park Service Science in the 21st Century , 2004 |
| a necessary resource for science: International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management Science-2013 Dr. X. Chen,, Dr. Y. M. Sun,, 2013-10-16 ICIEMS 2013 is to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world to present their research results and development activities in Industrial Engineering and Management Science. This conference provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and experiences face to face, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. |
| a necessary resource for science: Undergraduate Science, Mathematics and Engineering Education: Source materials National Science Board (U.S.). Task Committee on Undergraduate Science and Engineering Education, 1987 |
| a necessary resource for science: Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Policy and Global Affairs, Board on Higher Education and Workforce, Committee on the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments, 2018-04-28 The field of computer science (CS) is currently experiencing a surge in undergraduate degree production and course enrollments, which is straining program resources at many institutions and causing concern among faculty and administrators about how best to respond to the rapidly growing demand. There is also significant interest about what this growth will mean for the future of CS programs, the role of computer science in academic institutions, the field as a whole, and U.S. society more broadly. Assessing and Responding to the Growth of Computer Science Undergraduate Enrollments seeks to provide a better understanding of the current trends in computing enrollments in the context of past trends. It examines drivers of the current enrollment surge, relationships between the surge and current and potential gains in diversity in the field, and the potential impacts of responses to the increased demand for computing in higher education, and it considers the likely effects of those responses on students, faculty, and institutions. This report provides recommendations for what institutions of higher education, government agencies, and the private sector can do to respond to the surge and plan for a strong and sustainable future for the field of CS in general, the health of the institutions of higher education, and the prosperity of the nation. |
| a necessary resource for science: Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning Norbert M. Seel, 2011-10-05 Over the past century, educational psychologists and researchers have posited many theories to explain how individuals learn, i.e. how they acquire, organize and deploy knowledge and skills. The 20th century can be considered the century of psychology on learning and related fields of interest (such as motivation, cognition, metacognition etc.) and it is fascinating to see the various mainstreams of learning, remembered and forgotten over the 20th century and note that basic assumptions of early theories survived several paradigm shifts of psychology and epistemology. Beyond folk psychology and its naïve theories of learning, psychological learning theories can be grouped into some basic categories, such as behaviorist learning theories, connectionist learning theories, cognitive learning theories, constructivist learning theories, and social learning theories. Learning theories are not limited to psychology and related fields of interest but rather we can find the topic of learning in various disciplines, such as philosophy and epistemology, education, information science, biology, and – as a result of the emergence of computer technologies – especially also in the field of computer sciences and artificial intelligence. As a consequence, machine learning struck a chord in the 1980s and became an important field of the learning sciences in general. As the learning sciences became more specialized and complex, the various fields of interest were widely spread and separated from each other; as a consequence, even presently, there is no comprehensive overview of the sciences of learning or the central theoretical concepts and vocabulary on which researchers rely. The Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning provides an up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the specific terms mostly used in the sciences of learning and its related fields, including relevant areas of instruction, pedagogy, cognitive sciences, and especially machine learning and knowledge engineering. This modern compendium will be an indispensable source of information for scientists, educators, engineers, and technical staff active in all fields of learning. More specifically, the Encyclopedia provides fast access to the most relevant theoretical terms provides up-to-date, broad and authoritative coverage of the most important theories within the various fields of the learning sciences and adjacent sciences and communication technologies; supplies clear and precise explanations of the theoretical terms, cross-references to related entries and up-to-date references to important research and publications. The Encyclopedia also contains biographical entries of individuals who have substantially contributed to the sciences of learning; the entries are written by a distinguished panel of researchers in the various fields of the learning sciences. |
| a necessary resource for science: Shaping the Message, Distorting the Science United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight, 2007 |
| a necessary resource for science: Federal Programs for the Development of Human Resources United States. Congress. Joint Economic Committee. Subcommittee on Economic Progress, 1966 |
| a necessary resource for science: Let My Children Go, Ye Leviathans (Governments) Kwei-Armah , This book looks at the traditional answer to the question of man’s freedom on earth - the answer that holds that for man to be free he needs to be made to become a perpetual subject. And dismisses it. This work submits that man is not born to be a subject but a free man. Because it contends that, contrary to Rousseau’s thoughts, man is born in chains and that it is these chains that he must learn to break to be free. It subsequently submits that for man to be able to break his chains he needs to be made to become his true self and shows how to make man become his true self. |
| a necessary resource for science: S. 1427, the Antarctic Scientific Research, Tourism, and Marine Resources Act of 1993, to Implement the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, 1994 Distributed to some depository libraries in microfiche. |
| a necessary resource for science: Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists , 1972-02 The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic Doomsday Clock stimulates solutions for a safer world. |
| a necessary resource for science: Semantic e-Science Huajun Chen, Yimin Wang, Kei-Hoi Cheung, 2010-09-02 The Semantic Web has been a very important development in how knowledge is disseminated and manipulated on the Web, but it has been of particular importance to the flow of scientific knowledge, and will continue to shape how data is stored and accessed in a broad range of disciplines, including life sciences, earth science, materials science, and the social sciences. After first presenting papers on the foundations of semantic e-science, including papers on scientific knowledge acquisition, data integration, and workflow, this volume looks at the state of the art in each of the above-mentioned disciplines, presenting research on semantic web applications in the life, earth, materials, and social sciences. Drawing papers from three semantic web workshops, as well as papers from several invited contributors, this volume illustrates how far semantic web applications have come in helping to manage scientific information flow. |
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Strategies for Effective Science Teaching: The Student …
you deepen your understanding of science and science teaching by guiding you to become more analytical about science lessons. You’ll also learn to analyze science teaching by focusing …
A Necessary Resource For Science (Download Only)
Abstract: The availability of high-quality data is undeniably a necessary resource for science. This article explores the multifaceted significance of data access in driving scientific progress, …
Science is a Way of Knowing - National Center for Science …
Introduce the entire unit by emphasizing that science is non-linear and constantly changing (and this is okay!) This lesson introduces students to a basic understanding of the scientific process …
Big Idea 1- The Practice of Science
DE Science Techbook contains resources in the Process Skills Library that help students to develop science investigations, first virtually, then hands-on with the goal of moving students …
Science that Matters: Exploring Science Learning and …
Abstract: To help support primary school students to better understand why science matters, teachers must first be supported to teach science in ways that matter. In moving to this point, …
How a Student Uses Knowledge as a Resource to Solve
Inspired by a theoretical view of knowledge as a resource, this study explored in detail how a student used knowledge as a resource when she engaged in problem-solving about rocks and …
The 5E Instructional Model: A Learning Cycle Approach for …
Using a learning cycle approach in the classroom helps to facilitate inquiry practices because learning cycles focus on constructivist principles and emphasize the explanation and …
Science practical work and its impact on students science …
From the beginning of the 18th century to date, educators and researchers have studied the value of practical work and its important role in scientific fields such as chemistry and biology.
The U.S. Must Improve K-12 STEM Education for All - NSF
Achieving competence in math and science during elementary and secondary education prepares students to obtain post-secondary STEM degrees and jobs that require STEM skills. These …
Next Generation Sc ience Standards (NGSS)
The NGSS provide a strong science education that equips students with the ability to think critically, analyze information, and solve complex problems — the skills needed to pursue …
The role of practical work in the teaching and learning of …
about this second aim of the school science curriculum, and the role of practical work in achieving it, it may be important to be clear as to whether we wish to promote a tacit ‘knowledge-in …
Helping to Create Solutions from the Ground Up - Soil
Soil science addresses nutrient management, sustainable agriculture, global biogeochemical cycles and climate change, ecosystem structure and function,or nuclear waste disposal and …
Resource Sharing In Libraries: A Vital Role of Consortia
May 15, 2013 · Resource sharing denotes “a mode of operation whereby the functions are shared in common by a number of libraries”. The term “Resource” is used to designate any or all of …
Earth Science for STEM - TeacherPH
1. evaluate why soil is a necessary resource; 2. analyze how people’s use of land affects soil; and 3. devise a sustainable plan on soil protection and conservation for future generation;
An Assessment of Availability and Utilization of Laboratory …
The present study aimed to explore the availability and utilization of a science laboratory for the teaching and learning of science. This study was a joint collaboration with India’s Ministry of …
UNIT 8 LEARNING RESOURCES IN Teaching-Learning …
In this unit, we will discuss the role of leaning resources in teaching-learning process of science and the process of developing learning resource center that suits the needs of the school. …
EFFECTIVE SCIENCE INSTRUCTION: WHAT DOES …
This brief distills the research on science learning to inform a common vision of science instruction and to describe the extent to which K–12 science education currently reflects this vision. A …
Free Executive Summary - NSF - National Science Foundation
• Students learn science by actively engaging in the practices of science. •A range of instructional approaches is necessary as part of a full development of science proficiency.
Critical Features of Instructional Materials Design for …
achieve high-quality, standards-aligned science curriculum. This resource leverages years of expertise from reviewing K–12 science instructional materials to describe trends on what to …
Science Kits as Resource: Some Pedagogical Considerations
Based on the evolved framework, five new science kits were developed by the teachers. Inherent in this approach was the effort to empower the science teacher to move from being a ‘user’ of …
Strategies for Effective Science Teaching: The Student …
you deepen your understanding of science and science teaching by guiding you to become more analytical about science lessons. You’ll also learn to analyze science teaching by focusing …
A Necessary Resource For Science (Download Only)
Abstract: The availability of high-quality data is undeniably a necessary resource for science. This article explores the multifaceted significance of data access in driving scientific progress, …
Science is a Way of Knowing - National Center for Science …
Introduce the entire unit by emphasizing that science is non-linear and constantly changing (and this is okay!) This lesson introduces students to a basic understanding of the scientific process …
Big Idea 1- The Practice of Science
DE Science Techbook contains resources in the Process Skills Library that help students to develop science investigations, first virtually, then hands-on with the goal of moving students …
Science that Matters: Exploring Science Learning and …
Abstract: To help support primary school students to better understand why science matters, teachers must first be supported to teach science in ways that matter. In moving to this point, …
How a Student Uses Knowledge as a Resource to Solve
Inspired by a theoretical view of knowledge as a resource, this study explored in detail how a student used knowledge as a resource when she engaged in problem-solving about rocks and …
The 5E Instructional Model: A Learning Cycle Approach for …
Using a learning cycle approach in the classroom helps to facilitate inquiry practices because learning cycles focus on constructivist principles and emphasize the explanation and …
Science practical work and its impact on students science …
From the beginning of the 18th century to date, educators and researchers have studied the value of practical work and its important role in scientific fields such as chemistry and biology.
The U.S. Must Improve K-12 STEM Education for All - NSF
Achieving competence in math and science during elementary and secondary education prepares students to obtain post-secondary STEM degrees and jobs that require STEM skills. These …
Next Generation Sc ience Standards (NGSS)
The NGSS provide a strong science education that equips students with the ability to think critically, analyze information, and solve complex problems — the skills needed to pursue …
The role of practical work in the teaching and learning of …
about this second aim of the school science curriculum, and the role of practical work in achieving it, it may be important to be clear as to whether we wish to promote a tacit ‘knowledge-in …
Helping to Create Solutions from the Ground Up - Soil
Soil science addresses nutrient management, sustainable agriculture, global biogeochemical cycles and climate change, ecosystem structure and function,or nuclear waste disposal and …
Resource Sharing In Libraries: A Vital Role of Consortia
May 15, 2013 · Resource sharing denotes “a mode of operation whereby the functions are shared in common by a number of libraries”. The term “Resource” is used to designate any or all of …
Earth Science for STEM - TeacherPH
1. evaluate why soil is a necessary resource; 2. analyze how people’s use of land affects soil; and 3. devise a sustainable plan on soil protection and conservation for future generation;
An Assessment of Availability and Utilization of Laboratory …
The present study aimed to explore the availability and utilization of a science laboratory for the teaching and learning of science. This study was a joint collaboration with India’s Ministry of …
