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A Creolized Language Is: A Comprehensive Exploration
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD in Linguistics, specializing in sociolinguistics and language contact. Dr. Sharma has published extensively on creole languages and their sociocultural impact, including a monograph on the evolution of Haitian Creole.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, a leading academic publisher known for its rigorous peer-review process and high-quality scholarship in the humanities and social sciences.
Editor: Professor David Miller, PhD in Linguistics, with over 30 years of experience in editing scholarly works on language and its evolution. Professor Miller is a recognized expert in language typology and historical linguistics.
Keywords: a creolized language is, creole language, pidgin language, language contact, language evolution, linguistic diversity, creolization, sociolinguistics, language genesis, creole continuum
What is a Creolized Language?
A creolized language is a language that develops from a pidgin. A pidgin is a simplified language that emerges when speakers of different languages need to communicate, often in a context of trade, colonization, or slavery. Pidgins are characterized by their simplified grammatical structures and limited vocabulary, drawn primarily from the dominant language(s) involved. Crucially, a pidgin is not a native language for any community; it serves as a temporary means of communication. However, when a pidgin becomes the first language of a community – typically across generations – it undergoes significant expansion and elaboration, becoming a creolized language. Therefore, a creolized language is, fundamentally, a language that originates from a pidgin but evolves into a fully-fledged language with complex grammar, rich vocabulary, and native speakers.
This process of transformation from pidgin to creole is known as creolization. It’s a fascinating linguistic phenomenon showcasing the remarkable adaptability and creativity of human language. A creolized language is not simply a simplified version of its lexically dominant language (the language providing most of its vocabulary); instead, it exhibits its own unique grammatical structures, phonological systems, and semantic features. While it may borrow heavily from its lexical source, the creolized language is distinct and self-sufficient. It demonstrates the dynamic nature of language and its capacity to emerge and develop in response to social and historical pressures. Understanding what a creolized language is requires appreciating the complex interplay between linguistic, social, and historical forces.
The Significance and Relevance of Creolized Languages
The study of creolized languages holds immense significance for several reasons:
Understanding Language Evolution: Creolization offers a unique window into the process of language genesis and evolution. It shows how languages can emerge and develop from seemingly simple beginnings, expanding their grammatical complexity and lexical richness over time. This process challenges traditional notions of language development and provides crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms of language change. Observing how a creolized language is formed allows linguists to test and refine theories about language acquisition and the biological predispositions for language.
Linguistic Diversity: Creolized languages significantly contribute to the world's linguistic diversity. They represent a vibrant tapestry of linguistic innovation, reflecting the histories and cultures of the communities that speak them. Protecting and promoting these languages is essential for preserving cultural heritage and linguistic diversity on a global scale. A crucial aspect of understanding what a creolized language is involves acknowledging its value as a distinct and vital element of global linguistic landscape.
Social and Cultural Identity: Creolized languages often serve as powerful symbols of identity and cultural belonging for the communities that speak them. They represent a shared history and collective experience, fostering a sense of unity and solidarity. They reflect the complex processes of cultural mixing, adaptation, and innovation which have shaped societies throughout history. Studying a creolized language is, therefore, also studying the history and culture of its speakers.
Challenges to Linguistic Theories: The existence of creolized languages has challenged traditional linguistic theories, particularly those based on a hierarchical view of language families and genetic relatedness. The seemingly abrupt emergence of fully-fledged languages from pidgins has forced linguists to rethink their models of language development and evolution, incorporating insights from language contact and the social dynamics of language use.
Sociolinguistic Insights: The study of creolized languages provides valuable insights into the sociolinguistic processes that shape language use, particularly the role of power, social status, and cultural identity in language contact situations. Understanding what a creolized language is necessitates an understanding of the power dynamics inherent in its formation. The dominance of certain languages in the creation of a pidgin often reflects broader power imbalances in the society.
Features of a Creolized Language
While there is no single set of features that definitively characterizes all creolized languages, several common patterns emerge:
Lexical Base: Creolized languages typically draw a significant portion of their vocabulary (lexicon) from one or more dominant languages involved in their formation, often a colonial language.
Grammatical Structure: The grammar of a creolized language often exhibits unique characteristics, distinct from both the languages that contributed to its development. It might show features that are not found in any of its source languages, a process often termed "grammaticalization."
Phonology: The sound system (phonology) of a creolized language may also be unique, incorporating features from its source languages but often developing its own distinctive patterns.
Semantic Development: The meanings associated with words and phrases can diverge significantly from the source languages reflecting the unique cultural contexts and experiences of the creole-speaking community.
Examples of Creolized Languages
Numerous languages around the world are classified as creoles, each with its own unique history and linguistic features. Some prominent examples include:
Tok Pisin (Papua New Guinea): Derived from English, Tok Pisin serves as a lingua franca across Papua New Guinea.
Haitian Creole: A language with French lexical influence, Haitian Creole is spoken by millions in Haiti.
Jamaican Patois: Based primarily on English, Jamaican Patois is a vibrant language reflecting the history of Jamaica.
Louisiana Creole: With influences from French and African languages, Louisiana Creole showcases a complex linguistic heritage.
Sranan Tongo (Suriname): A creole with English and Dutch lexical influences, Sranan Tongo is a significant part of Suriname's cultural identity.
These examples illustrate the linguistic diversity inherent in creolized languages. Each demonstrates that a creolized language is not just a simplified copy of its source languages, but a vibrant, living language with its own unique identity.
Conclusion
A creolized language is a remarkable testament to the dynamic nature of language and its capacity to evolve and adapt in response to human interaction and social change. It is a product of complex historical processes, sociolinguistic factors, and linguistic innovation. Understanding what a creolized language is requires appreciating its richness, its significance for linguistic diversity, and its importance in the social and cultural lives of the communities that speak them. Further research on creolized languages is crucial not only for advancing our understanding of language evolution but also for promoting linguistic justice and celebrating the diversity of human communication.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between a pidgin and a creole? A pidgin is a simplified language used for communication between speakers of different languages, while a creole is a pidgin that has become the native language of a community.
2. Are creole languages grammatically simpler than other languages? Not necessarily. While they might have simpler origins, many creole languages develop complex grammatical structures and rich vocabularies.
3. Can creole languages be considered "inferior" to other languages? This is a misconception. Creole languages are fully developed, complex linguistic systems with their own unique grammars and vocabularies, possessing equal value to other languages.
4. How many creole languages exist in the world? Precisely determining the number is challenging due to the diverse range of languages and their varying degrees of creolization, however, hundreds of creole languages exist globally.
5. What is the role of substrate languages in creole formation? Substrate languages (the languages of the less dominant groups) contribute significantly to the grammar and vocabulary of creoles, even if the lexicon is primarily from a superstrate language.
6. How do creolized languages reflect cultural mixing? They reflect cultural mixing through their vocabulary, grammatical structures, and even their pronunciation, merging elements from different cultures and linguistic backgrounds.
7. Are creole languages only found in former colonies? While many creoles emerged in colonial contexts, they also arise in other situations of intense language contact, such as among migrant communities.
8. What are the challenges faced by creole speakers? Challenges can include language standardization, access to education in their native language, and the societal stigmatization of creoles compared to dominant languages.
9. How are creolized languages researched? Research involves a combination of fieldwork, analysis of linguistic data (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation), and historical investigation to understand their development and sociolinguistic context.
Related Articles
1. The Genesis of Haitian Creole: A Sociohistorical Linguistic Perspective: This article explores the historical and social factors that shaped the development of Haitian Creole, examining its linguistic features and its sociocultural significance.
2. Grammaticalization in Tok Pisin: A Case Study in Creole Language Evolution: This article focuses on the grammatical features of Tok Pisin, examining how its grammar has evolved and diversified since its origins as a pidgin.
3. Language Attitudes and the Social Status of Jamaican Patois: This article investigates the social perceptions of Jamaican Patois and the linguistic discrimination faced by its speakers, demonstrating the impact of societal attitudes on language maintenance.
4. The Lexical Diversity of Louisiana Creole: A Comparative Analysis: This article examines the vocabulary of Louisiana Creole, comparing its lexical sources and analyzing how cultural and historical factors influenced its development.
5. Code-switching and Language Variation in Sranan Tongo: This article analyzes code-switching patterns in Sranan Tongo and explores how this linguistic practice reflects social identity and cultural hybridity.
6. The Role of Substrate Languages in the Development of Pacific Creoles: This article analyzes the influence of indigenous languages on the grammatical structures of Pacific creoles, showing the enduring impact of substrate languages in creolization.
7. Creolization and Language Contact: A Theoretical Overview: This article provides a comprehensive theoretical overview of creolization, examining different models and frameworks for understanding the process of language formation.
8. Language Policy and the Preservation of Creolized Languages: This article examines the challenges and opportunities facing creole languages in the context of language policy, arguing for the importance of multilingualism and language preservation.
9. A Comparative Study of Creole Phonology: Insights into Language Universals: This article compares the phonological systems of several creole languages, drawing insights into the universal tendencies that shape the development of sound systems.
| a creolized language is: Pidginization and Creolization of Languages International Conference On Pidgin And Creole Languages. 1968. Mona, Jamaique, 1971 |
| a creolized language is: Agency in the Emergence of Creole Languages Nicholas Faraclas, 2012 Suitable for those who are looking for fresh perspectives on the process of creolization of language, this book demonstrates how enterprising women, rebellious slaves, insubordinate sailors, and a host of other renegades and maroons had a major impact on the creolized societies, cultures, and languages of the colonial era Atlantic and Pacific. |
| a creolized language is: Language Leonard Bloomfield, 1994 The book presents the fundamentals of linguistics and the historical survey of languages to the reader without any complication and obscurity. It is a valuable book for students and scholars of linguistics. The author has followed the traditional order of presentation. He begins with the survey of languages of the world, proceeds with the study of phonetic structure, grammatical forms, syntax and morphology, each being the indispensable preliminary to the study of the ensuing one. The book is divided into 38 chapters which gives a detailed and thorough knowledge of the subject on all important issues, such as analogic and semantic changes, cultural, intimate and dialect borrowings and scores of other points related to the subjects. Of these, Chapter 24 - Semantic Change and Chapter 25 - Cultural Borrowings are much palatable. It is in these chapters that the reader can get right away from the mechanics of language and follow the play of human mind. The book is documented with notes, bibliography, table of phonetic symbols and index. |
| a creolized language is: An Introduction to Pidgins and Creoles John Holm, 2000 A clear and concise introduction to the study of how new languages come into being. |
| a creolized language is: Creolization of Language and Culture Robert Chaudenson, 2002-11-01 Creolization of Language and Culture is the first English edition of Robert Chaudenson's landmark text Des îles, des hommes, des langues, which has also been fully revised. . With reference to the main varieties of creole French, Chaudenson argues against the traditional account of creole genesis for a more sophisticated paradigm which takes full account of the peculiar linguistic and social factors at play in colonial societies. This is an accessible book which makes an important contribution to the study of pidgin and creole language varieties, as well as to the development of contemporary European languages outside Europe. Key features include: Analysis of current debates on the development of creoles Discussion of many aspects of human culture including music, medicine, cooking, magic and folklore Translation of all French sources from which Chaudenson quotes extensively |
| a creolized language is: Linguistics, the Cambridge Survey Frederick J. Newmeyer, 1988 |
| a creolized language is: Creolization and Pidginization in Contexts of Postcolonial Diversity , 2018-02-27 This book deals with creolization and pidginization of language, culture and identity and makes use of interdisciplinary approaches developed in the study of the latter. Creolization and pidginization are conceptualized and investigated as specific social processes in the course of which new common languages, socio-cultural practices and identifications are developed under distinct social and political conditions and in different historical and local contexts of diversity. The contributions show that creolization and pidginization are important strategies to deal with identity and difference in a world in which diversity is closely linked with inequalities that relate to specific group memberships, colonial legacies and social norms and values. |
| a creolized language is: Pidgins and Creoles Jacques Arends, Pieter Muysken, Norval Smith, 1994-12-20 This introduction to the linguistic study of pidgin and creole languages is clearly designed as an introductory course book. It does not demand a high level of previous linguistic knowledge. Part I: General Aspects and Part II: Theories of Genesis constitute the core for presentation and discussion in the classroom, while Part III: Sketches of Individual Languages (such as Eskimo Pidgin, Haitian, Saramaccan, Shaba Swahili, Fa d'Ambu, Papiamentu, Sranan, Berbice Dutch) and Part IV: Grammatical Features (such as TMA particles and auxiliaries, noun phrases, reflexives, serial verbs, fronting) can form the basis for further exploration. A concluding chapter draws together the different strands of argumentation, and the annotated list provides the background information on several hundred pidgins, creoles and mixed languages. Diversity rather than unity is taken to be the central theme, and for the first time in an introduction to pidgins and creoles, the Atlantic creoles receive the attention they deserve. Pidgins are not treated as necessarily an intermediate step on the way to creoles, but as linguistic entities in their own right with their own characteristics. In addition to pidgins, mixed languages are treated in a separate chapter. Research on pidgin and creole languages during the past decade has yielded an abundance of uncovered material and new insights. This introduction, written jointly by the creolists of the University of Amsterdam, could not have been written without recourse to this new material. |
| a creolized language is: Introduction to Human Geography David Dorrell, Joseph P. Henderson, 2018-10 |
| a creolized language is: Language in South Asia Braj B. Kachru, Yamuna Kachru, S. N. Sridhar, 2008-03-27 An overview of the language in South Asia within a linguistic, historical and sociolinguistic context, comprising authoritative contributions from international scholars within the field of language and linguistics. It is an accessible interdisciplinary book for students and scholars in sociolinguistics, multilingualism, language planning and South Asian studies. |
| a creolized language is: Creolizing the Modern Anca Parvulescu, Manuela Boatcă, 2022-10-15 How are modernity, coloniality, and interimperiality entangled? Bridging the humanities and social sciences, Anca Parvulescu and Manuela Boatcă provide innovative decolonial perspectives that aim to creolize modernity and the modern world-system. Historical Transylvania, at the intersection of the Habsburg Empire, the Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary, and Russia, offers the platform for their multi-level reading of the main themes in Liviu Rebreanu's 1920 novel Ion. Topics range from the question of the region's capitalist integration to antisemitism and the enslavement of Roma to multilingualism, gender relations, and religion. Creolizing the Modern develops a comparative method for engaging with areas of the world that have inherited multiple, conflicting imperial and anti-imperial histories. |
| a creolized language is: Kisisi (Our Language) Perry Gilmore, 2015-10-12 Recognized as a finalist for the CAE 2018 Outstanding Book Award! Part historic ethnography, part linguistic case study and part a mother’s memoir, Kisisi tells the story of two boys (Colin and Sadiki) who, together invented their own language, and of the friendship they shared in postcolonial Kenya. Documents and examines the invention of a ‘new’ language between two boys in postcolonial Kenya Offers a unique insight into child language development and use Presents a mixed genre narrative and multidisciplinary discussion that describes the children’s border-crossing friendship and their unique and innovative private language Beautifully written by one of the foremost scholars in child development, language acquisition and education, the book provides a seamless blending of the personal and the ethnographic The story of Colin and Sadiki raises profound questions and has direct implications for many fields of study including child language acquisition and socialization, education, anthropology, and the anthropology of childhood |
| a creolized language is: The Nordic Languages. Volume 2 Oscar Bandle, Kurt Braunmüller, Ernst Hakon Jahr, Allan Karker, Hans-Peter Naumann, Ulf Telemann, Lennart Elmevik, Gun Widmark, 2008-07-14 No detailed description available for NORDIC LANGUAGES (BANDLE) 2. VOL HSK 22.2 E-BOOK. |
| a creolized language is: Pidgin and Creole Languages Glenn Gilbert, 2019-03-31 This book is for the memory of John E. Reinecke, a man whose humanistic activism and sharp-hewn scholarship helped to shape the scientific study of pidgin and creole languages throughout much of the twentieth century. Reinecke was both a social reformer and a leading sociolinguistic researcher working with creole languages and societies that derive from diverse groups of people thrown into close social contact. Most notably, Reinecke's keen sense of social justice has had a telling effect on the social history of Hawaii. Along with his persistent efforts to obtain a fair and equal share for wage earners in sharply stratified societies, his attention early became focused on their language. By encouraging others to study what he called marginal languages, he was able to bring to them (and to the extraordinary issues—theoretical and practical—which they raise) a measure of prestige, both in the eyes of their speakers and in the increased attention accorded them by students of language and society. The book presents a description of Reinecke's life and work, the text of his own last paper on creolistics, and seventeen papers which reflect the range and vitality of the field that he did so much to open. Some of the papers reflect the issue which has come to dominate creole studies—the debate over the role of universals and of specific substrata as competing explanations of the amazing similarities that creoles, and perhaps pidgins also, exhibit across the world. Many describe the intense language contact within which language contraction and expansion occur (they do this either directly, or by supplying new data which will eventually feed such descriptions), and and some are our belated response to calls which Reinecke made in the 1930s. Fifty years ago, he saw the need for the kind of comparative studies which are only now under way—in, for example, Hazel Carter's paper, which represents a pioneering attempt to compare the suprasegmentals of English-based Creoles on both sides of the Atlantic. In his last years, Reinecke strongly supported research on contact languages with non-European lexical bases. He thought this was the area from which future creole studies would derive the greatest theoretical and practical gain, and in this volume six papers answer his call by analyzing such pidgins and creoles. |
| a creolized language is: Creolization Charles Stewart, 2016-07-01 Social scientists have used the term Creolization to evoke cultural fusion and the emergence of new cultures across the globe. However, the term has been under-theorized and tends to be used as a simple synonym for mixture or hybridity. In this volume, by contrast, renowned scholars give the term historical and theoretical specificity by examining the very different domains and circumstances in which the process takes place. Elucidating the concept in this way not only uncovers a remarkable history, it also re-opens the term for new theoretical use. It illuminates an ill-understood idea, explores how the term has operated and signified in different disciplines, times, and places, and indicates new areas of study for a dynamic and fascinating process. |
| a creolized language is: Pidgin and Creole Languages Suzanne Romaine, 2017-09-08 This book defines and describes the linguistic features of these languages and considers the dynamic developments that bring them into being and lead to changes in their structure. |
| a creolized language is: Pidginization and Creolization Kees Versteegh, C. H. M. Versteegh, 1984 This book is concerned with the notions of pidginization and creolization and the role of these processes of language learning in the history of the Arabic language. It is argued that when a new type of Arabic emerged after the Islamic conquests in the 7th century AD, the language went through these processes, as can be concluded from the sociolinguistic context of the period. The radical changes in the language that led to the development of the modern dialects are then seen as the result of pidginization and creolization. Data from the dialects are compared with phenomena in pidginized/creolized languages, and suggestions are given for the application of this framework to the history of other languages. |
| a creolized language is: The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II Richard D. Janda, Brian D. Joseph, Barbara S. Vance, 2020-09-15 An entirely new follow-up volume providing a detailed account of numerous additional issues, methods, and results that characterize current work in historical linguistics. This brand-new, second volume of The Handbook of Historical Linguistics is a complement to the well-established first volume first published in 2003. It includes extended content allowing uniquely comprehensive coverage of the study of language(s) over time. Though it adds fresh perspectives on several topics previously treated in the first volume, this Handbook focuses on extensions of diachronic linguistics beyond those key issues. This Handbook provides readers with studies of language change whose perspectives range from comparisons of large open vs. small closed corpora, via creolistics and linguistic contact in general, to obsolescence and endangerment of languages. Written by leading scholars in their respective fields, new chapters are offered on matters such as the origin of language, evidence from language for reconstructing human prehistory, invocations of language present in studies of language past, benefits of linguistic fieldwork for historical investigation, ways in which not only biological evolution but also field biology can serve as heuristics for research into the rise and spread of linguistic innovations, and more. Moreover, it: offers novel and broadened content complementing the earlier volume so as to provide the fullest available overview of a wholly engrossing field includes 23 all-new contributed chapters, treating some familiar themes from fresh perspectives but mostly covering entirely new topics features expanded discussion of material from language families other than Indo-European provides a multiplicity of views from numerous specialists in linguistic diachrony. The Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Volume II is an ideal book for undergraduate and graduate students in linguistics, researchers and professional linguists, as well as all those interested in the history of particular languages and the history of language more generally. |
| a creolized language is: The Handbook of Pidgin and Creole Studies Silvia Kouwenberg, John Victor Singler, 2009-02-11 Featuring an international contributor list, this long-awaited and broad-ranging collection examines the key issues, topics and research in pidgin and creole studies. A comprehensive reference work exploring the treatment of core aspects of pidgins/creoles, focusing on the questions that animate creole studies Brings together newly-commissioned entries by an international contributor team Accessibly structured into four sections covering: the character of pidgins and creoles; the relation of pidgins/creoles to other language phenomena and other languages; issues in pidgin/creole genesis; and the role of pidgins/creoles in society Provides a valuable resource for students, scholars and researchers working across a number linguistic disciplines, including sociolinguistics, historical linguistics, and the anthropology of language |
| a creolized language is: Languages in Contact John Holm, 2003-12-18 There is widespread agreement that certain non-Creole language varieties are structurally quite different from the European languages out of which they grew; however, until recently, linguists have found difficulty in accounting for either their genesis or their synchronic structure. This 2003 study argues that the transmission of source languages from native to non-native speakers led to 'partial restructuring', whereby some of the source languages' morphosyntax was retained, but a significant number of substrate and interlanguage features were also introduced. Comparing languages such as African-American English, Afrikaans and Brazilian Vernacular Portuguese, John Holm identifies the linguistic processes that lead to partial restructuring, bringing into focus a key span on the continuum of contact-induced language change which has not previously been analysed. Informed by the first systematic comparison of the social and linguistic facts in the development of these languages, this book will be welcomed by students of contact linguistics, sociolinguistics and anthropology. |
| a creolized language is: Language is Politics Frank van Splunder, 2019-11-27 Language is Politics discusses power relations between languages in the world, with a particular focus on English. Even though English is the most widely spoken and the most powerful language worldwide, it is not the lingua franca it is often supposed to be. The basic tenet of this book is that languages do not exist in the natural world; they are artefacts made by humans. The book debunks some common myths about language and it suggests that we should be more modest in our assumptions, for instance concerning the linguistic uniqueness of our own species. The author argues in favour of an ecological or balanced approach to language. This approach sees humans and other animals as part of the larger ecosystems that life depends on. As in nature, diversity is crucial to the survival of languages. The current linguistic ecosystem is out of balance, and this book shows that education can help to restore the balance and cope with the challenges of a multilingual and multicultural world. With an ecological approach to language and a focus on narratives and personal language histories, this will be key reading for researchers and academics, as well as students of English language and linguistics. |
| a creolized language is: Handbook of Linguistic Terms Sharad Rajimwale, 2006 |
| a creolized language is: African American Women Educators Karen A. Johnson, Abul Pitre, Kenneth L. Johnson, 2014-03-18 This book examines the lived experiences and work of African American women educators during the 1880s to the 1960s. Specifically, this text portrays an array of Black educators who used their social location as educators and activists to resist and fight the interlocking structures of power, oppression, and privilege that existed across the various educational institutions in the U.S. during this time. This book seeks to explore these educators' thoughts and teaching practices in an attempt to understand their unique vision of education for Black students and the implications of their work for current educational reform. |
| a creolized language is: Creolization as Cultural Creativity Robert Baron, Ana C. Cara, 2011-10-11 Global in scope and multidisciplinary in approach, Creolization as Cultural Creativity explores the expressive forms and performances that come into being when cultures encounter one another. Creolization is presented as a powerful marker of identity in the postcolonial creole societies of Latin America, the Caribbean, and the southwest Indian Ocean region, as well as a universal process that can occur anywhere cultures come into contact. An extraordinary number of cultures from Haiti, Martinique, Guadeloupe, the southern United States, Trinidad and Tobago, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Réunion, Puerto Rico, Argentina, Suriname, Jamaica, and Sierra Leone are discussed in these essays. Drawing from the disciplines of folklore, anthropology, ethnomusicology, literary studies, history, and material culture studies, essayists address theoretical dimensions of creolization and present in-depth field studies. Topics include adaptations of the Gombe drum over the course of its migration from Jamaica to West Africa; uses of “ritual piracy” involved in the appropriation of Catholic symbols by Puerto Rican brujos; the subversion of official culture and authority through playful and combative use of “creole talk” in Argentine literature and verbal arts; the mislabeling and trivialization (“toy blindness”) of objects appropriated by African Americans in the American South; the strategic use of creole techniques among storytellers within the islands of the Indian Ocean; and the creolized character of New Orleans and its music. In the introductory essay the editors address both local and universal dimensions of creolization and argue for the centrality of its expressive manifestations for creolization scholarship. |
| a creolized language is: Language Planning and Education in Australasia and the South Pacific Richard B. Baldauf, Allan Luke, 1990 Includes papers on Aboriginal language planning, Aboriginal bilingual education and language and education in the Torres Strait separately annotated. |
| a creolized language is: The Nordic Languages Oskar Bandle, Lennart Elmevik, Gun Widmark, 2002 Annotation This handbook is conceived as a comprehensive history of the North Germanic languages from the oldest times up to the present day. Whereas most of the traditional presentations of Nordic language history are confined to individual languages and often concentrate on purely linguistic data, the present work covers the history of all Nordic languages in its totality, embedded in a broad culture-historical context. The Nordic languages are described both individually and in their mutual dependence as well as in relation to the neighboring non-Nordic languages. The handbook is not tied to a particular methodology, but keeps in principle to a pronounced methodological pluralism, encompassing all aspects of actual methodology. Moreover it combines diachronic with synchronic-systematic aspects, longitudinal sections with cross-sections (periods such as Old Norse, transition from Old Norse to Early Modern Nordic, Early Modern Nordic 1550-1800 and so on). The description of Nordic language history is built upon a comprehensive collection of linguistic data; it consists of more than 200 articles, written by a multitude of authors from Scandinavian and German and English speaking countries. The organization of the handbook combines a central part on the detailed chronological developments and some chapters of a more general character: chapters on theory and methodology in the beginning, and on overlapping spatio-temporal topics in the end. |
| a creolized language is: The Routledge Handbook of Language and the Global South/s Sinfree Makoni, Anna Kaiper-Marquez, Lorato Mokwena, 2022-08-29 This Handbook centers on language(s) in the Global South/s and the many ways in which both language and the Global South are conceptualized, theorized, practiced, and reshaped. Drawing on 31 chapters situated in diverse geographical contexts, and four additional interviews with leading scholars, this text showcases: Issues of decolonization Promotion of Southern epistemologies and theories of the Global South/s A focus on social/applied linguistics An added focus on the academy A nuanced understanding of global language scholarship. It is written for emerging and established scholars across the globe as it positions Southern epistemologies, language scholarship, and decolonial theories into scholarship surrounding multiple themes and global perspectives. |
| a creolized language is: Pidgins and Creoles Professor Loreto Todd, Loreto Todd, 2003-09-02 `A marvellous feat of culling major issues and synthesising complex arguments.'- Journal of Linguistics `This slender but meaty volume is a good, solid and current introduction.'-Language in Society |
| a creolized language is: A grammar of Papuan Malay Angela Kluge, 2016-07-08 This book presents an in-depth linguistic description of one Papuan Malay variety, based on sixteen hours of recordings of spontaneous narratives and conversations between Papuan Malay speakers. ‘Papuan Malay’ refers to the easternmost varieties of Malay (Austronesian). They are spoken in the coastal areas of West Papua, the western part of the island of New Guinea. The variety described here is spoken along West Papua’s northeast coast. Papuan Malay is the language of wider communication and the first or second language for an ever-increasing number of people of the area. While Papuan Malay is not officially recognized and therefore not used in formal government or educational settings or for religious preaching, it is used in all other domains, including unofficial use in formal settings, and, to some extent, in the public media. After a general introduction to the language, its setting, and history, this grammar discusses the following topics, building up from smaller grammatical constituents to larger ones: phonology, word formation, noun and prepositional phrases, verbal and nonverbal clauses, non-declarative clauses, and conjunctions and constituent combining. Of special interest to linguists, typologists, and Malay specialists are the following in-depth analyses and descriptions: affixation and its productivity across domains of language choice, reduplication and its gesamtbedeutung, personal pronouns and their adnominal uses, demonstratives and locatives and their extended uses, and adnominal possessive relations and their non- canonical uses. This study provides a point of comparison for further studies in other (Papuan) Malay varieties and a starting point for Papuan Malay language development efforts. |
| a creolized language is: Africanisms in Afro-American Language Varieties Salikoko S. Mufwene, Nancy Condon, 1993 For review see: Daniel J. Crowley, in New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, vol. 70, no. 1 & 2 (1996); p. 188-190. |
| a creolized language is: Calunga and the Legacy of an African Language in Brazil Steven Byrd, 2012-11-15 Although millions of slaves were forcibly transported from Africa to Brazil, the languages the slaves brought with them remain little known. Most studies have focused on African contributions to Brazilian Portuguese rather than on the African languages themselves. This book is unusual in focusing on an African-descended language. The author describes and analyzes the Afro- Brazilian speech community of Calunga, in Minas Gerais. Linguistically descended from West African Bantu, Calunga is an endangered Afro-Brazilian language spoken by a few hundred older Afro-Brazilian men, who use it only for specific, secret communications. Unlike most creole languages, which are based largely on the vocabulary of the colonial language, Calunga has a large proportion of African vocabulary items embedded in an essentially Portuguese grammar. A hyrid language, its formation can be seen as a form of cultural resistance. Steven Byrd’s study provides a comprehensive linguistic description of Calunga based on two years of interviews with speakers of the language. He examines its history and historical context as well as its linguistic context, its sociolinguistic profile, and its lexical and grammatical outlines. |
| a creolized language is: Language and Society in South Asia Michael C. Shapiro, Harold F. Schiffman, 2019-11-18 No detailed description available for Language and Society in South Asia. |
| a creolized language is: Creolizing Rousseau Jane Anna Gordon, Neil Roberts, 2014-12-17 In 1967, C.L.R. James, the much-celebrated Afro-Trinidadian Marxist, stated that he knew of no figure in history who had “such tremendous influence on such widely separated spheres of humanity” within a few years of his death as the eighteenth-century philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. While this impact was most pronounced in revolutionary politics inspired by political theories that rejected basing political authority in monarchy, aristocracy, and the Church, it extended to European literature, to philosophies of education, and the articulation of the social sciences. But what particularly struck James about Rousseau was the strong resonance of his work in Caribbean thought and politics. This volume illuminates these resonances by advancing a creolizing method of reading Rousseau that couples figures not typically engaged together, to create conversations among people of seemingly divided worlds in fact entangled by colonizing projects and histories. Doing this enables us to grapple with the meaning of creolization and the full range of Rousseau’s legacies not only in contemporary Western Europe and the United States, but in the Francophone colonies, territories, and larger Global South. |
| a creolized language is: English Language and Literary Criticism A.s. Kharbe, 2009 |
| a creolized language is: The Creolization of Theory Françoise Lionnet, Shumei Shi, 2011-05-19 This bold intervention in debates about the role of theory in the humanities advocates the development of a reciprocal, relational, and intersectional critical methodology attentive to the legacies of colonialism. |
| a creolized language is: Language Obsolescence and Revitalization Mari C. Jones, 1998 Mari C. Jones's book is the first to examine developments in contemporary Welsh with reference to both language death and standardization. She bases her study on extensive fieldwork in two sociolinguistically contrasting communities She also examines agents of revitalization, such as immersion schools and the media, and the effect they are having on Welsh. She explores and discusses the position of Breton and Cornish by way of comparison. |
| a creolized language is: The Structure and Status of Pidgins and Creoles Arthur Kean Spears, Donald Winford, 1997-01-01 Destined to become a landmark work, this book is devoted principally to a reassessment of the content, categories, boundaries, and basic assumptions of pidgin and creole studies. It includes revised and elaborated papers from meetings of the Society for Pidgin and Creole Linguistics in addition to commissioned papers from leading scholars in the field. As a group, the papers undertake this reassessment through a reevaluation of pidgin/creole terminology and contact language typology (Section One); a requestioning of process and evolution in pidginization, creolization, and other language contact phenomena (Section Two); a reinterpretation of the sources and genesis of grammatical aspects of Saramaccan and Atlantic creoles in general (Section Three); a reconsideration of the status of languages defying received definitions of pidgins and creoles (Section Four); and analyses of aspects of grammar that shed light on the issue of what a possible creole grammar is (Section Five). |
| a creolized language is: A Companion to Postcolonial Studies Henry Schwarz, Sangeeta Ray, 2008-04-15 This volume examines the tumultuous changes that have occurred and are still occurring in the aftermath of European colonization of the globe from 1492 to 1947. Ranges widely over the major themes, regions, theories and practices of postcolonial study Presents original essays by the leading proponents of postcolonial study in the Americas, Europe, India, Africa, East and West Asia Provides clear introductions to the major social and political movements underlying colonization and decolonization, accessible histories of the literature and culture, and separate regions affected by European colonization Features introductory essays on the major thinkers and intellectual schools that have informed strategies of national liberation worldwide Offers an incisive summary of the long history and theory of modern European colonization in local detail and global scale |
| a creolized language is: Biblical Philosophy Dru Johnson, 2021-04-22 In Biblical Philosophy, Dru Johnson examines how the texts of Christian Scripture argue philosophically with ancient and modern readers alike. He demonstrates how biblical literature bears the distinct markers of a philosophical style in its use of literary and philosophical strategies to reason about the nature of reality and our place within it. Johnson questions traditional definitions of philosophy and compares the Hebraic style of philosophy with the intellectual projects of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Hellenism. Identifying the genetic features of the Hebraic philosophical style, Johnson traces its development from its hybridization in Hellenistic Judaism to its retrieval by the New Testament authors. He also shows how the Gospels and letters of Paul exhibit the same genetic markers, modes of argument, particular argument forms, and philosophical convictions that define the Hebraic style, while they engaged with Hellenistic rhetoric. His volume offers a model for thinking about philosophical styles in comparative philosophical discussions. |
| a creolized language is: Theorizing Glissant John E. Drabinski, Marisa Parham, 2015-08-21 Édouard Glissant’s work has begun to make a significant impact on francophone studies and some corners of postcolonial theory. His literary works and criticism are increasingly central to the study of Caribbean literature and cultural studies.This collection focuses on the particularly philosophical register of Glissant’s thought. Each of the authors in this collection takes up a different aspect of Glissant’s work and extends it in different directions. twentieth-century French philosophy (Bergson, Badiou, Meillassoux), the cannon of Caribbean literature, North American literature and cultural theory, and contemporary cultural politics in Glissant’s home country of Martinique all receive close, critical treatment. What emerges from this collection is a vision of Glissant as a deeply philosophical thinker, whose philosophical character draws from the deep resources of Caribbean memory and history. Glissant’s central notions of rhizome, chaos, opacity, and creolization are given a deeper and wider appreciation through accounts of those resources in detailed conceptual studies. |
Creolization - Wikipedia
Creolization is the process through which creole languages and cultures emerge. [1] . Creolization was first used by linguists to explain how contact languages become …
What Is Creolization? - WorldAtlas
Jun 6, 2018 · According to a social scientist known as Robin Cohen, creolization gives birth to new cultural identities and cultures that are entirely …
CREOLIZE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CREOLIZE is to cause (a pidginized language) to become a creole in a speech community.
CREOLIZATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CREOLIZATION definition: 1. the process of developing into a creole (= a kind of language that developed from a mixture …
Creolized - definition of creolized by The Free Dictionary
Define creolized. creolized synonyms, creolized pronunciation, creolized translation, English dictionary definition of creolized. or adj incorporating a …
Creolization - Wikipedia
Creolization is the process through which creole languages and cultures emerge. [1] . Creolization was first used by linguists to explain how contact languages become creole languages, but …
What Is Creolization? - WorldAtlas
Jun 6, 2018 · According to a social scientist known as Robin Cohen, creolization gives birth to new cultural identities and cultures that are entirely different from the original cultures of the …
CREOLIZE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CREOLIZE is to cause (a pidginized language) to become a creole in a speech community.
CREOLIZATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
CREOLIZATION definition: 1. the process of developing into a creole (= a kind of language that developed from a mixture of…. Learn more.
Creolized - definition of creolized by The Free Dictionary
Define creolized. creolized synonyms, creolized pronunciation, creolized translation, English dictionary definition of creolized. or adj incorporating a considerable range of features from …
CREOLIZED Definition & Meaning - Dictionary.com
(of a language) formerly a pidgin or the base language of a pidgin, but now the native language of a group of speakers, with an enriched vocabulary and grammatical structure.
Creole vs. Creolization - What's the Difference? | This vs. That
Creolization, on the other hand, is a process of cultural and linguistic mixing that occurs when different cultural groups come into contact and interact over an extended period of time. It …
Creolization - (AP Human Geography) - Vocab, Definition
Creolization refers to the process through which new, mixed cultures emerge, primarily in regions where diverse ethnic groups come into contact, leading to the blending of languages, customs, …
CREOLIZED definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
(of a language) incorporating a considerable range of features from one or more unrelated.... Click for English pronunciations, examples sentences, video.
CREOLIZED LANGUAGE Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of CREOLIZED LANGUAGE is a language resulting from the acquisition by a subordinate group of the language of a dominant group, with phonological changes, …
