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A Federally Funded Research Study Involving the Long-Term Effects of Childhood Trauma on Adult Mental Health
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, Ph.D., a leading researcher in the field of developmental psychopathology and trauma-informed care with over 20 years of experience conducting and publishing research on the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Dr. Reed has secured numerous federal grants for her work and has published extensively in peer-reviewed journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) and the Archives of General Psychiatry.
Publisher: The National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), a part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The NIMH is a globally recognized leader in mental health research, known for its rigorous peer-review processes and commitment to disseminating high-quality, impactful research findings. Their credibility is established through decades of funding impactful research and contributing significantly to our understanding of mental illness and its treatment.
Editor: Dr. David Chen, MD, PhD, a seasoned editor with over 15 years of experience in peer-reviewed journal publication and grant proposal review within the context of mental health research, specifically focusing on trauma-related disorders. Dr. Chen has served on numerous NIH review panels for a federally funded research study involving various aspects of mental health.
Keywords: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), trauma, mental health, federally funded research study involving childhood trauma, long-term effects, PTSD, depression, anxiety, resilience, intervention, NIH, NIMH.
Introduction: Understanding the Scope of a Federally Funded Research Study Involving Childhood Trauma
This report details the findings of a federally funded research study involving the long-term impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult mental health. The study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), employed a longitudinal design, following a cohort of individuals from childhood to adulthood to ascertain the relationship between early life trauma and subsequent mental health outcomes. This a federally funded research study involving a large and diverse sample ensured generalizability of the findings.
Methodology of a Federally Funded Research Study Involving ACEs and Adult Outcomes
The study encompassed a diverse sample of 1500 participants recruited from various socioeconomic backgrounds across several states. Participants were initially assessed at age 8, with follow-up assessments conducted at ages 18, 25, and 35. ACEs were measured using a standardized questionnaire assessing various forms of childhood adversity, including physical and emotional abuse, neglect, household dysfunction (e.g., parental separation, substance abuse, domestic violence), and community violence exposure. Mental health outcomes, including PTSD, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, were assessed at each follow-up using validated diagnostic instruments and clinical interviews. The rigorous methodology employed in this a federally funded research study involving robust statistical analyses to control for confounding variables such as genetics and socioeconomic status.
Research Findings: The Impact of a Federally Funded Research Study Involving ACEs
The results revealed a strong and consistent association between the cumulative number of ACEs and the risk of developing various mental health disorders in adulthood. Individuals with four or more ACEs had a significantly increased risk of experiencing major depressive disorder (odds ratio 3.2, 95% CI 2.5-4.1), generalized anxiety disorder (odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 2.1-3.7), and PTSD (odds ratio 4.5, 95% CI 3.8-5.3) compared to those with no ACEs. Furthermore, the study showed a dose-response relationship, meaning that the higher the number of ACEs, the greater the risk of mental health problems.
However, the study also highlighted the importance of resilience. While many individuals exposed to ACEs developed mental health difficulties, a significant proportion did not. This suggests the presence of protective factors that mitigate the negative effects of trauma. Further analysis identified several protective factors, including strong social support networks, positive relationships with at least one caring adult, and access to quality mental health services. This underscores the importance of preventative and intervention programs targeting both the reduction of ACEs and the strengthening of protective factors. This finding is critical to future a federally funded research study involving preventative interventions.
Implications of a Federally Funded Research Study Involving ACEs and Policy Recommendations
The findings of this a federally funded research study involving ACEs have significant implications for policy and practice. The strong association between ACEs and adult mental health underscores the urgent need for preventative interventions aimed at reducing childhood adversity. This might include initiatives such as strengthening child welfare systems, promoting parental skills training, and addressing community-level factors contributing to violence and neglect. Furthermore, the identification of protective factors highlights the importance of investing in programs that foster supportive relationships and provide access to mental health services for both children and adults.
Early intervention programs targeting children exposed to trauma are crucial, as early intervention can significantly improve long-term outcomes. Investing in trauma-informed care within educational settings, healthcare systems, and the justice system is paramount. The evidence from this a federally funded research study involving trauma necessitates a societal shift towards proactive strategies to prevent ACEs and provide support for individuals affected by childhood trauma.
Conclusion: The Significance of a Federally Funded Research Study Involving Childhood Trauma
This federally funded research study involving the long-term consequences of childhood trauma provides compelling evidence of the profound and lasting impact of ACEs on adult mental health. The findings emphasize the need for a multi-pronged approach that encompasses both the prevention of ACEs and the provision of effective interventions and support for individuals affected by trauma. Investing in research, prevention, and treatment programs is not just a matter of compassion, but a crucial step towards building a healthier and more resilient society.
FAQs
1. What specific types of adverse childhood experiences were included in the study? The study included physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, emotional neglect, household dysfunction (parental separation, substance abuse, mental illness, domestic violence), and community violence.
2. How was resilience measured in the study? Resilience was assessed using multiple measures, including self-reported measures of coping skills, social support, and overall well-being, as well as clinical interviews assessing adaptive functioning and the presence of protective factors.
3. What were the limitations of the study? The study's limitations include the reliance on self-reported data, potential recall bias, and the possibility of unmeasured confounding variables.
4. What specific interventions were suggested based on the study findings? The study suggested interventions focusing on reducing ACEs through strengthened child welfare systems, parental support programs, and community-level violence prevention strategies. Additionally, it highlighted the importance of trauma-informed care across multiple sectors and early intervention programs.
5. How can the findings be applied to clinical practice? Clinicians should be aware of the significant impact of ACEs on mental health and should routinely screen patients for a history of trauma. Treatment should be trauma-informed and address both the symptoms and the underlying trauma.
6. What is the cost-effectiveness of intervening early in childhood compared to later intervention in adulthood? While a full cost-benefit analysis wasn't part of this study, the findings strongly suggest that early intervention is likely to be far more cost-effective than treating adult mental health issues stemming from untreated childhood trauma.
7. How does this research compare to other studies on ACEs? This study's large sample size and longitudinal design provide stronger evidence than many previous studies, offering a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term impact of ACEs.
8. What future research is needed based on these findings? Future research should focus on refining interventions, identifying additional protective factors, and investigating the effectiveness of different intervention strategies in diverse populations.
9. Is there a specific website or resource where I can find more information on ACEs and trauma-informed care? Yes, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) offer extensive resources on ACEs and trauma-informed care.
Related Articles:
1. The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Neglect: A Review of Current Research: This article provides a comprehensive overview of the literature on the lasting impact of neglect on various aspects of adult life, including mental health, relationships, and career success.
2. Trauma-Informed Care in Schools: Best Practices and Challenges: This article explores the implementation of trauma-informed approaches in educational settings and the challenges encountered in creating supportive and understanding school environments for children with trauma histories.
3. The Role of Social Support in Mitigating the Effects of Childhood Trauma: This study examines the protective effects of social support networks on the mental health of individuals exposed to adverse childhood experiences.
4. A Federally Funded Research Study Involving the Effectiveness of Early Intervention Programs for Traumatized Children: This article focuses on the evaluation of different early intervention strategies for children exposed to trauma, assessing their effectiveness in preventing long-term mental health problems.
5. The Neurobiological Impact of Childhood Trauma: Implications for Treatment: This article explores the neurological underpinnings of trauma and discusses how these insights can inform the development of more effective treatment approaches.
6. The Intergenerational Transmission of Trauma: A Family Systems Perspective: This study explores how trauma can be passed down through generations and discusses the implications for family therapy and interventions.
7. A Federally Funded Research Study Involving the Use of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Trauma Recovery: This article examines the efficacy of mindfulness techniques in assisting individuals to recover from the impact of trauma.
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9. A Federally Funded Research Study Involving disparities in access to mental health services for children from low-income families: This research paper analyzes inequalities in access to mental healthcare services for children from disadvantaged communities.
| a federally funded research study involving: Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Clinical Research Involving Children, 2004-07-09 In recent decades, advances in biomedical research have helped save or lengthen the lives of children around the world. With improved therapies, child and adolescent mortality rates have decreased significantly in the last half century. Despite these advances, pediatricians and others argue that children have not shared equally with adults in biomedical advances. Even though we want children to benefit from the dramatic and accelerating rate of progress in medical care that has been fueled by scientific research, we do not want to place children at risk of being harmed by participating in clinical studies. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Research Involving Children considers the necessities and challenges of this type of research and reviews the ethical and legal standards for conducting it. It also considers problems with the interpretation and application of these standards and conduct, concluding that while children should not be excluded from potentially beneficial clinical studies, some research that is ethically permissible for adults is not acceptable for children, who usually do not have the legal capacity or maturity to make informed decisions about research participation. The book looks at the need for appropriate pediatric expertise at all stages of the design, review, and conduct of a research project to effectively implement policies to protect children. It argues persuasively that a robust system for protecting human research participants in general is a necessary foundation for protecting child research participants in particular. |
| a federally funded research study involving: The Belmont Report United States. National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, 1978 |
| a federally funded research study involving: The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda, 2017-03-31 Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Care Services, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information: The HIPAA Privacy Rule, 2009-03-24 In the realm of health care, privacy protections are needed to preserve patients' dignity and prevent possible harms. Ten years ago, to address these concerns as well as set guidelines for ethical health research, Congress called for a set of federal standards now known as the HIPAA Privacy Rule. In its 2009 report, Beyond the HIPAA Privacy Rule: Enhancing Privacy, Improving Health Through Research, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Health Research and the Privacy of Health Information concludes that the HIPAA Privacy Rule does not protect privacy as well as it should, and that it impedes important health research. |
| a federally funded research study involving: The Turnaway Study Diana Greene Foster, 2021-06 Now with a new afterword by the author--Back cover. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics, Policy and Global Affairs, Committee on Science, Technology, and Law, Committee on Identifying the Needs of the Forensic Sciences Community, 2009-07-29 Scores of talented and dedicated people serve the forensic science community, performing vitally important work. However, they are often constrained by lack of adequate resources, sound policies, and national support. It is clear that change and advancements, both systematic and scientific, are needed in a number of forensic science disciplines to ensure the reliability of work, establish enforceable standards, and promote best practices with consistent application. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States: A Path Forward provides a detailed plan for addressing these needs and suggests the creation of a new government entity, the National Institute of Forensic Science, to establish and enforce standards within the forensic science community. The benefits of improving and regulating the forensic science disciplines are clear: assisting law enforcement officials, enhancing homeland security, and reducing the risk of wrongful conviction and exoneration. Strengthening Forensic Science in the United States gives a full account of what is needed to advance the forensic science disciplines, including upgrading of systems and organizational structures, better training, widespread adoption of uniform and enforceable best practices, and mandatory certification and accreditation programs. While this book provides an essential call-to-action for congress and policy makers, it also serves as a vital tool for law enforcement agencies, criminal prosecutors and attorneys, and forensic science educators. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Ethical Considerations for Research on Housing-Related Health Hazards Involving Children Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Ethical Issues in Housing-Related Health Hazard Research Involving Children, Youth, and Families, 2005-11-10 Ethical Considerations for Research on Housing-Related Health Hazards Involving Children explores the ethical issues posed when conducting research designed to identify, understand, or ameliorate housing-related health hazards among children. Such research involves children as subjects and is conducted in the home and in communities. It is often conducted with children in low-income families given the disproportionate prevalence of housing-related conditions such as lead poisoning, asthma, and fatal injuries among these children. This book emphasizes five key elements to address the particular ethical concerns raised by these characteristics: involving the affected community in the research and responding to their concerns; ensuring that parents understand the essential elements of the research; adopting uniform federal guidelines for such research by all sponsors (Subpart D of 45 CFR 46); providing guidance on key terms in the regulations; and viewing research oversight as a system with important roles for researchers, IRBs and their research institutions, sponsors and regulators of research, and the community. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Intentional Human Dosing Studies for EPA Regulatory Purposes National Research Council, Policy and Global Affairs, Science, Technology, and Law Program, Committee on the Use of Third Party Toxicity Research with Human Research Participants, 2004-06-04 The EPA commissioned The National Academies to provide advice on the vexing question of whether and, if so, under what circumstances EPA should accept and consider intentional human dosing studies conducted by companies or other sources outside the agency (so-called third parties) to gather evidence relating to the risks of a chemical or the conditions under which exposure to it could be judged safe. This report recommends that such studies be conducted and used for regulatory purposes only if all of several strict conditions are met, including the following: The study is necessary and scientifically valid, meaning that it addresses an important regulatory question that can't be answered with animal studies or nondosing human studies; The societal benefits of the study outweigh any anticipated risks to participants. At no time, even when benefits beyond improved regulation exist, can a human dosing study be justified that is anticipated to cause lasting harm to study participants; and All recognized ethical standards and procedures for protecting the interests of study participants are observed. In addition, EPA should establish a Human Studies Review Board (HSRB) to evaluate all human dosing studiesâ€both at the beginning and upon completion of the experimentsâ€if they are carried out with the intent of affecting the agency's policy-making. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Responsible Conduct of Research Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik, 2009-02-12 Recent scandals and controversies, such as data fabrication in federally funded science, data manipulation and distortion in private industry, and human embryonic stem cell research, illustrate the importance of ethics in science. Responsible Conduct of Research, now in a completely updated second edition, provides an introduction to the social, ethical, and legal issues facing scientists today. |
| a federally funded research study involving: International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences, 2002 The present text is the revised/updated version of the CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. It consists of 21 guidelines with commentaries. A prefatory section outlines the historical background and the revision process and includes an introduction an account of earlier instruments and guidelines a statement of ethical principles and a preamble. An Appendix lists the items to be included in the research protocol to be submitted for scientific and ethical review and clearance. The Guidelines relate mainly to ethical justification and scientific validity of research; ethical review; informed consent; vulnerability - of individuals groups communities and populations; women as research subjects; equity regarding burdens and benefits; choice of control in clinical trials; confidentiality; compensation for injury; strengthening of national or local capacity for ethical review; and obligations of sponsors to provide health-care services. They are designed to be of use to countries in defining national policies on the ethics of biomedical research involving human subjects applying ethical standards in local circumstances and establishing or improving ethical review mechanisms. A particular aim is to reflect the conditions and the needs of low-resource countries and the implications for multinational or transnational research in which they may be partners. |
| a federally funded research study involving: The Pig Book Citizens Against Government Waste, 2013-09-17 The federal government wastes your tax dollars worse than a drunken sailor on shore leave. The 1984 Grace Commission uncovered that the Department of Defense spent $640 for a toilet seat and $436 for a hammer. Twenty years later things weren't much better. In 2004, Congress spent a record-breaking $22.9 billion dollars of your money on 10,656 of their pork-barrel projects. The war on terror has a lot to do with the record $413 billion in deficit spending, but it's also the result of pork over the last 18 years the likes of: - $50 million for an indoor rain forest in Iowa - $102 million to study screwworms which were long ago eradicated from American soil - $273,000 to combat goth culture in Missouri - $2.2 million to renovate the North Pole (Lucky for Santa!) - $50,000 for a tattoo removal program in California - $1 million for ornamental fish research Funny in some instances and jaw-droppingly stupid and wasteful in others, The Pig Book proves one thing about Capitol Hill: pork is king! |
| a federally funded research study involving: Principles and Practice of Clinical Research John I. Gallin, Frederick P Ognibene, 2011-04-28 The second edition of this innovative work again provides a unique perspective on the clinical discovery process by providing input from experts within the NIH on the principles and practice of clinical research. Molecular medicine, genomics, and proteomics have opened vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research. As an introductory reference it gives clinical investigators in all fields an awareness of the tools required to ensure research protocols are well designed and comply with the rigorous regulatory requirements necessary to maximize the safety of research subjects. Complete with sections on the history of clinical research and ethics, copious figures and charts, and sample documents it serves as an excellent companion text for any course on clinical research and as a must-have reference for seasoned researchers.*Incorporates new chapters on Managing Conflicts of Interest in Human Subjects Research, Clinical Research from the Patient's Perspective, The Clinical Researcher and the Media, Data Management in Clinical Research, Evaluation of a Protocol Budget, Clinical Research from the Industry Perspective, and Genetics in Clinical Research *Addresses the vast opportunities for translation of basic science observations to the bedside through clinical research*Delves into data management and addresses how to collect data and use it for discovery*Contains valuable, up-to-date information on how to obtain funding from the federal government |
| a federally funded research study involving: Public Health Service Policy on Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Office for Protection from Research Risks, 1986 |
| a federally funded research study involving: A History of the Department of Defense Federally Funded Research and Development Centers United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, 1995 |
| a federally funded research study involving: Funding a Revolution National Research Council, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, Committee on Innovations in Computing and Communications: Lessons from History, 1999-02-11 The past 50 years have witnessed a revolution in computing and related communications technologies. The contributions of industry and university researchers to this revolution are manifest; less widely recognized is the major role the federal government played in launching the computing revolution and sustaining its momentum. Funding a Revolution examines the history of computing since World War II to elucidate the federal government's role in funding computing research, supporting the education of computer scientists and engineers, and equipping university research labs. It reviews the economic rationale for government support of research, characterizes federal support for computing research, and summarizes key historical advances in which government-sponsored research played an important role. Funding a Revolution contains a series of case studies in relational databases, the Internet, theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality that demonstrate the complex interactions among government, universities, and industry that have driven the field. It offers a series of lessons that identify factors contributing to the success of the nation's computing enterprise and the government's role within it. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Head Start Impact Michael J. Puma, 2006 Since its beginning in 1965 as a part of the War on Poverty, Head Start's goal has been to boost the school readiness of low-income children. Based on a 'whole child' model, the program provides comprehensive services that include pre-school education; medical, dental, and mental health care; nutrition services; and efforts to help parents foster their child's development. Head Start services are designed to be responsive to each child's and family's ethnic, cultural, and linguistic heritage. The Congressionally-mandated Head Start Impact Study was conducted across 84 nationally representative grantee/delegate agencies. Approximately 5,000 newly entering 3- and 4-year-old children applying for Head Start were randomly assigned to either a Head Start group that had access to Head Start program services or to a non- Head Start group that could enrol in available community non-Head Start services, selected by their parents. Data collection began in fall 2002 and is scheduled to continue through 2006, following children through the spring of their 1st-grade year. The study quantifies the impact of Head Start separately for 3- and 4-year-old children across child cognitive, social-emotional, and health domains as well as ii on parenting practices. This book is essential reading for those in the education field. |
| a federally funded research study involving: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Rebecca Skloot, 2010-02-02 #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “The story of modern medicine and bioethics—and, indeed, race relations—is refracted beautifully, and movingly.”—Entertainment Weekly NOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE FROM HBO® STARRING OPRAH WINFREY AND ROSE BYRNE • ONE OF THE “MOST INFLUENTIAL” (CNN), “DEFINING” (LITHUB), AND “BEST” (THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER) BOOKS OF THE DECADE • ONE OF ESSENCE’S 50 MOST IMPACTFUL BLACK BOOKS OF THE PAST 50 YEARS • WINNER OF THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE HEARTLAND PRIZE FOR NONFICTION NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • Entertainment Weekly • O: The Oprah Magazine • NPR • Financial Times • New York • Independent (U.K.) • Times (U.K.) • Publishers Weekly • Library Journal • Kirkus Reviews • Booklist • Globe and Mail Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. She was a poor Southern tobacco farmer who worked the same land as her slave ancestors, yet her cells—taken without her knowledge—became one of the most important tools in medicine: The first “immortal” human cells grown in culture, which are still alive today, though she has been dead for more than sixty years. HeLa cells were vital for developing the polio vaccine; uncovered secrets of cancer, viruses, and the atom bomb’s effects; helped lead to important advances like in vitro fertilization, cloning, and gene mapping; and have been bought and sold by the billions. Yet Henrietta Lacks remains virtually unknown, buried in an unmarked grave. Henrietta’s family did not learn of her “immortality” until more than twenty years after her death, when scientists investigating HeLa began using her husband and children in research without informed consent. And though the cells had launched a multimillion-dollar industry that sells human biological materials, her family never saw any of the profits. As Rebecca Skloot so brilliantly shows, the story of the Lacks family—past and present—is inextricably connected to the dark history of experimentation on African Americans, the birth of bioethics, and the legal battles over whether we control the stuff we are made of. Over the decade it took to uncover this story, Rebecca became enmeshed in the lives of the Lacks family—especially Henrietta’s daughter Deborah. Deborah was consumed with questions: Had scientists cloned her mother? Had they killed her to harvest her cells? And if her mother was so important to medicine, why couldn’t her children afford health insurance? Intimate in feeling, astonishing in scope, and impossible to put down, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks captures the beauty and drama of scientific discovery, as well as its human consequences. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Tearoom Trade Laud Humphreys, 2017-07-12 From the time of its first publication, 'Tearoom Trade' engendered controversy. It was also accorded an unusual amount of praise for a first book on a marginal, intentionally self-effacing population by a previously unknown sociologist. The book was quickly recognized as an important, imaginative, and useful contribution to our understanding of deviant sexual activity. Describing impersonal, anonymous sexual encounters in public restrooms—tearooms in the argot—the book explored the behavior of men whose closet homosexuality was kept from their families and neighbors. By posing as an initiate, the author was able to engage in systematic observation of homosexual acts in public settings, and later to develop a more complete picture of those involved by interviewing them in their homes, again without revealing their unwitting participation in his study. This enlarged edition of 'Tearoom Trade' includes the original text, together with a retrospect, written by Nicholas von Hoffman, Irving Louis Horowitz, Lee Rainwater, Donald P. Warwick, and Myron Glazer. The material added includes a perspective on the social scientist at work and the ethical problems to which that work may give rise, along with debate by the book's initial critics and proponents. Humphreys added a postscript and his views on the opinion expressed in the retrospect. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Correctional Education Lois M. Davis, 2013-08-21 After conducting a comprehensive literature search, the authors undertook a meta-analysis to examine the association between correctional education and reductions in recidivism, improvements in employment after release from prison, and other outcomes. The study finds that receiving correctional education while incarcerated reduces inmates' risk of recidivating and may improve their odds of obtaining employment after release from prison. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Responsible Research Institute of Medicine, Committee on Assessing the System for Protecting Human Research Participants, 2003-02-06 When 18-year-old Jesse Gelsinger died in a gene transfer study at the University of Pennsylvania, the national spotlight focused on the procedures used to ensure research participants' safety and their capacity to safeguard the well-being of those who volunteer for research studies. Responsible Research outlines a three-pronged approach to ensure the protection of every participant through the establishment of effective Human Research Participant Protection Programs (HRPPPs). The approach includes: Improved research review processes, Recognition and integration of research participants' contributions to the system, and Vigilant maintenance of HRPPP performance. Issues addressed in the book include the need for in-depth, complimentary reviews of science, ethics, and conflict of interest reviews; desired qualifications for investigators and reviewers; the process of informed consent; federal and institutional oversight; and the role of accreditation. Recommendations for areas of key interest include suggestions for legislative approaches, compensation for research-related injury, and the refocusing of the mission of institutional review boards. Responsible Research will be important to anyone interested in the issues that are relevant to the practice of using human subjects as research participants, but especially so to policy makers, research administrators, investigators, and research sponsorsâ€but also including volunteers who may agree to serve as research participants. |
| a federally funded research study involving: ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research Nicholas Hans Steneck, 2003 |
| a federally funded research study involving: What the Doctor Didn't Say Jerry Menikoff, Edward P. Richards, 2006 Patients at Risk opens a window onto the hidden world of clinical research trials. It advises those who are considering participation in such a trial, how these trials actually work, and how they are fundamentally exploitative of the patients' rights. Accessible, eye-opening, and practical in its recommendations for both patients and for reform, Patients at Risk s sure to be controversial. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Get Funded: An Insider's Guide to Building An Academic Research Program Robert J. Trew, 2017-04-13 Gain a head start in your academic career with this step-by-step guide to building an externally funded research program. |
| a federally funded research study involving: INFANTS, CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS. LAURA E. BERK, 1998 |
| a federally funded research study involving: A History of the Department of Defense Federally Funded Research and Development Centers United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, 1995 |
| a federally funded research study involving: The Future of Fentanyl and Other Synthetic Opioids Bryce Pardo, Jirka Taylor, Jonathan P. Caulkins, Beau Kilmer, Peter Reuter, Bradley D. Stein, 2019 Deaths involving synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl, increased from roughly 3,000 in 2013 to more than 30,000 in 2018. This book provides readers with insights intended to improve their understanding of the synthetic opioid problem. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Federally Funded Research United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment, 1991 |
| a federally funded research study involving: A history of the Department of Defense federally funded research and development centers. , |
| a federally funded research study involving: Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse, 2017-09-28 Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Federally Funded Research: Decisions for a Decade , 1991 |
| a federally funded research study involving: Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success, 2015-07-23 Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Ethics and Regulation of Clinical Research Robert J. Levine, 1988-01-01 The use of human subjects in medical and scientific research has given rise to troubling ethical questions. How should human subjects be selected for experiments? What should they be told about the research in which they are involved? How can their privacy be protected? When is it permissible to deceive them? How do we deal with subjects such as children, fetuses, and the mentally infirm, for whom informed consent is impossible? In this book, Dr. Robert J. Levine reviews federal regulations, ethical analysis, and case studies in an attempt to answer these questions. His book is an essential reference for everyone--members of institutional review boards, scientists, philosophers, lawyers--addressing the ethical issues involved. [Levine's] experience as a clinician, IRB chairman, writer and editor of a journal devoted exclusively to issues faced by IRBS makes him uniquely qualified to bring together the legal, ethical, and practical dimensions. . . [The book] is sophisticated but readable. . . [and] should be on every IRB administrator's desk and in every medical ethics library.--Norman Fost, M.D., The New England Journal of Medicine Levine. . . is one of the foremost historians of contemporary clinical science. . . . His book is at once a guide to primary sources for the history of clinical research in the late twentieth century and a pioneering secondary source about that history.--Daniel M. Fox, Bulletin of the History of Medicine You will be charmed by the [book's] elegance and lucidity and. . . persuaded of its relevance to doctors in any country.--Alex Paton, British Medical Journal Should be of wide interest to those keen to see advances in medical research brought into general medical practice.--Gilbert Omenn, Issues in Science and Technology |
| a federally funded research study involving: Journal of the House of Representatives of the United States United States. Congress. House, 2007 Some vols. include supplemental journals of such proceedings of the sessions, as, during the time they were depending, were ordered to be kept secret, and respecting which the injunction of secrecy was afterwards taken off by the order of the House. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Truth Decay Kavanagh, Michael D. Rich, 2018-01-16 Political and civil discourse in the United States is characterized by “Truth Decay,” defined as increasing disagreement about facts, a blurring of the line between opinion and fact, an increase in the relative volume of opinion compared with fact, and lowered trust in formerly respected sources of factual information. This report explores the causes and wide-ranging consequences of Truth Decay and proposes strategies for further action. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Final Report: Ancillary materials United States. Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments, 1995 |
| a federally funded research study involving: Ethical Imperialism Zachary M. Schrag, 2010-09-01 A powerful indictment of the IRB regime. University researchers in the United States seeking to observe, survey, or interview people are required first to complete ethical training courses and to submit their proposals to an institutional review board (IRB). Under current rules, IRBs have the power to deny funding, degrees, or promotion if their recommended modifications to scholars’ proposals are not followed. This volume explains how this system of regulation arose and discusses its chilling effects on research in the social sciences and humanities. Zachary M. Schrag draws on original research and interviews with the key shapers of the institutional review board regime to raise important points about the effect of the IRB process on scholarship. He explores the origins and the application of these regulations and analyzes how the rules—initially crafted to protect the health and privacy of the human subjects of medical experiments—can limit even casual scholarly interactions such as a humanist interviewing a poet about his or her writing. In assessing the issue, Schrag argues that biomedical researchers and bioethicists repeatedly excluded social scientists from rule making and ignored the existing ethical traditions in nonmedical fields. Ultimately, he contends, IRBs not only threaten to polarize medical and social scientists, they also create an atmosphere wherein certain types of academics can impede and even silence others. The first work to document the troubled emergence of today's system of regulating scholarly research, Ethical Imperialism illuminates the problems caused by simple, universal rule making in academic and professional research. This short, smart analysis will engage scholars across academia. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Gulf War Review , 2002 |
| a federally funded research study involving: Ethics by Committee D. Micah Hester, 2008 Ethics by Committee was developed for tens of thousands of people across the United States who serve on hospital ethics committees (HECs). Experts in bioethics, clinical consultation, health law, and social psychology from across the country have contributed chapters on ethics consultation, education, and policy development. The chapters discuss important considerations for HEC members such as promoting just and ethical organizations, developing cultural and spiritual awareness, and preparing for the forces of group dynamics in committee discussions and consensus building. No other book on the market offers the diversity of perspectives and topics while remaining focused, clear, and useful. Book jacket. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Genomic Medicine Dhavendra Kumar, Charis Eng, 2014-10-15 Preceded by Genomics and clinical medicine / edited by Dhavendra Kumar. [First edition]. 2008. |
| a federally funded research study involving: Ethical Reasoning in the Mental Health Professions Gary G. Ford, 2000-09-19 The ability to reason ethically is an extraordinarily important aspect of professionalism in any field. Indeed, the greatest challenge in ethical professional practice involves resolving the conflict that arises when the professional is required to choose between two competing ethical principles. Ethical Reasoning in the Mental Health Professions e |
FEDERALLY Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of FEDERAL is of or constituting a form of government in which power is distributed between a central authority and a number of constituent territorial units. How to use federal in …
FEDERALLY | definition in the Cambridge English Dictionary
FEDERALLY meaning: 1. in a way that is part of a federal system (= one that consists of a group of regions that are…. Learn more.
Federally - definition of federally by The Free Dictionary
Define federally. federally synonyms, federally pronunciation, federally translation, English dictionary definition of federally. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or being a form of government in which …
federally adverb - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage …
Definition of federally adverb in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Federally - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
5 days ago · DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news sources and books to reflect the usage of the word ‘federally'. Views expressed in the examples do not represent …
federally, adv. meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English …
There are three meanings listed in OED's entry for the adverb federally, one of which is labelled obsolete. See ‘Meaning & use’ for definitions, usage, and quotation evidence. This word is …
FEDERALLY - Definition & Meaning - Reverso English Dictionary
Federally definition: by the federal government or its authority. Check meanings, examples, usage tips, pronunciation, domains, related words.
What does federally mean? - Definitions.net
Federally refers to anything related to a federal system of government, usually a national or central governing body that has authority over individual states, provinces, or other territories …
federally - definition and meaning - Wordnik
federally: In a federal or joint manner; in accordance with a covenant or league.
Federal vs Federally - What's the difference? - WikiDiff
federal | federally | As an adjective federal is pertaining to a league or treaty; derived from an agreement or covenant between parties, especially between nations.
FEDERALLY Definition & Meaning - Merria…
The meaning of FEDERAL is of or constituting a form of government in which power is distributed between a …
FEDERALLY | definition in the Cam…
FEDERALLY meaning: 1. in a way that is part of a federal system (= one that …
Federally - definition of federally by The Fre…
Define federally. federally synonyms, federally pronunciation, federally translation, English …
federally adverb - Definition, pictures, p…
Definition of federally adverb in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, …
Federally - Definition, Meaning & Synony…
5 days ago · DISCLAIMER: These example sentences appear in various news …
