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Accidents Analysis and Prevention: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, Certified Safety Professional (CSP), with 15 years of experience in industrial safety engineering and risk management, specializing in accidents analysis and prevention methodologies.
Publisher: SafetyPro Publications, a leading publisher of safety and risk management resources for professionals and organizations across various industries.
Editor: Mr. David Miller, MSc, Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH), with 20 years of experience in occupational safety and health.
Keywords: accidents analysis and prevention, safety management, risk assessment, incident investigation, root cause analysis, human factors, proactive safety, reactive safety, safety culture, accident prevention programs.
Abstract: This comprehensive guide explores the critical field of accidents analysis and prevention. We delve into various methodologies, from reactive approaches like incident investigation to proactive strategies such as hazard identification and risk assessment. Understanding human factors, organizational culture, and the implementation of effective safety management systems are pivotal to minimizing workplace accidents and improving overall safety performance. This guide provides practical insights and frameworks for professionals seeking to enhance their organization's safety outcomes.
1. Understanding the Landscape of Accidents Analysis and Prevention
Accidents analysis and prevention is a multidisciplinary field aiming to understand the causes of accidents and implement strategies to mitigate risks and prevent future incidents. A robust accidents analysis and prevention program relies on a proactive and reactive approach, combining both preemptive measures and post-incident investigations. The overall goal is to create a safer work environment, reducing injuries, fatalities, and property damage. Effective accidents analysis and prevention requires a deep understanding of several key areas:
Hazard Identification: Proactive identification of potential hazards through techniques like job hazard analysis (JHA), hazard and operability studies (HAZOP), and safety audits. This forms the foundation of any effective accidents analysis and prevention strategy.
Risk Assessment: Quantifying the likelihood and severity of identified hazards to determine the level of risk. This involves considering factors such as frequency, consequence, and exposure. Risk matrices are commonly used to prioritize risk mitigation efforts.
Incident Investigation: A systematic investigation of accidents or near misses to determine the root cause(s). Methodologies like the "5 Whys" analysis, fault tree analysis (FTA), and event tree analysis (ETA) are often employed. The objective of incident investigation in accidents analysis and prevention is not to assign blame, but to learn from past mistakes and implement preventative measures.
Human Factors: Recognizing the crucial role human error plays in accidents. This includes considering factors like fatigue, stress, training, and communication. Addressing human factors is vital in accidents analysis and prevention.
Safety Management Systems (SMS): The implementation of a comprehensive safety management system that integrates all aspects of accidents analysis and prevention, including hazard identification, risk assessment, control measures, training, and monitoring. SMS fosters a proactive safety culture throughout the organization.
2. Methodologies for Accidents Analysis and Prevention
Several key methodologies are crucial to successful accidents analysis and prevention:
2.1 Reactive Approaches: These methods focus on investigating incidents after they occur to understand the root causes and prevent recurrence.
Incident Investigation: A systematic process of collecting data, analyzing the sequence of events, identifying root causes, and recommending corrective actions. Techniques such as interviewing witnesses, reviewing documentation, and conducting site inspections are commonly used.
Root Cause Analysis (RCA): Techniques like the "5 Whys," Fishbone diagrams (Ishikawa diagrams), and fault tree analysis (FTA) help uncover the underlying causes of accidents, going beyond superficial explanations. Effective RCA is a cornerstone of accidents analysis and prevention.
Accident Reporting and Tracking: Establishing a robust system for reporting and tracking accidents, near misses, and unsafe conditions. This data provides valuable insights into trends and areas needing improvement in accidents analysis and prevention.
2.2 Proactive Approaches: These methods focus on preventing accidents before they happen.
Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA): A systematic process to identify potential hazards, assess their risks, and implement control measures. This involves various techniques like JHA, HAZOP, and checklists.
Safety Audits and Inspections: Regular inspections of workplaces to identify hazards and ensure compliance with safety standards. This proactive approach is vital in accidents analysis and prevention.
Pre-start Safety Checklists: Ensuring that equipment and processes are safe before commencing work. This simple yet effective method can prevent many accidents.
Training and Education: Providing employees with adequate training and education on safety procedures, hazard recognition, and emergency response.
Behavioral-Based Safety (BBS): Focusing on changing employee behavior through observation, feedback, and reinforcement. This approach emphasizes safe work practices and encourages a positive safety culture.
3. The Role of Human Factors in Accidents Analysis and Prevention
Human factors significantly contribute to accidents. Understanding these factors is crucial for effective accidents analysis and prevention. Key areas to consider include:
Ergonomics: Designing workplaces and jobs to fit the capabilities and limitations of human beings. This reduces the risk of musculoskeletal disorders and other injuries.
Human Error: Recognizing that human error is inevitable. Focusing on designing systems that are less prone to errors and mitigating the impact of errors when they do occur.
Fatigue and Stress: Addressing the negative impact of fatigue and stress on performance and decision-making. Implementing strategies such as adequate rest breaks and stress management programs.
Communication: Ensuring clear and effective communication between workers, supervisors, and management.
4. Building a Strong Safety Culture for Accidents Analysis and Prevention
A strong safety culture is essential for a successful accidents analysis and prevention program. This involves:
Leadership Commitment: Visible commitment from top management to safety. This includes allocating resources, setting safety goals, and promoting a safety-first mentality.
Employee Involvement: Encouraging employees to participate in safety initiatives, report hazards, and contribute to accident investigations.
Open Communication: Creating a culture where employees feel comfortable reporting near misses and safety concerns without fear of reprisal.
Continuous Improvement: Regularly reviewing safety performance, identifying areas for improvement, and implementing corrective actions.
5. Implementing an Effective Accidents Analysis and Prevention Program
Implementing a comprehensive accidents analysis and prevention program requires a structured approach:
1. Establish a safety policy and goals.
2. Identify hazards and assess risks.
3. Develop and implement control measures.
4. Provide training and education.
5. Monitor and evaluate performance.
6. Continuously improve the program.
Conclusion
Accidents analysis and prevention is a dynamic and evolving field. By combining proactive hazard identification and risk management with reactive incident investigation and root cause analysis, organizations can significantly reduce the incidence of accidents, creating safer and more productive work environments. A strong safety culture, coupled with the effective implementation of appropriate methodologies, is the key to success in minimizing workplace accidents and protecting human life and assets. Continuous improvement and a commitment to learning from past incidents are essential for long-term success in accidents analysis and prevention.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between reactive and proactive safety measures? Reactive measures address accidents after they occur, while proactive measures aim to prevent them before they happen.
2. What are some common root cause analysis techniques? The "5 Whys," Fishbone diagrams, and Fault Tree Analysis are frequently used techniques.
3. How important is a safety culture in accidents analysis and prevention? A strong safety culture is paramount, as it fosters open communication, employee involvement, and a commitment to safety at all levels.
4. What are some key elements of a successful safety management system (SMS)? Hazard identification, risk assessment, control measures, training, monitoring, and continuous improvement are vital elements.
5. How can human factors contribute to accidents? Fatigue, stress, poor communication, inadequate training, and ergonomic issues can all contribute.
6. What is the role of leadership in accidents analysis and prevention? Leadership provides the vision, resources, and commitment needed to establish and maintain a strong safety culture.
7. How can incident investigations contribute to preventing future accidents? By identifying root causes and implementing corrective actions, investigations help prevent similar incidents from occurring.
8. What are some effective training methods for safety? Hands-on training, simulations, and regular refresher courses are valuable methods.
9. How can organizations measure the effectiveness of their accidents analysis and prevention program? Tracking key metrics such as accident rates, near misses, and safety training participation can provide valuable insights.
Related Articles
1. Root Cause Analysis Techniques for Workplace Accidents: A deep dive into various RCA methods and their applications.
2. Developing a Robust Safety Management System: A guide to establishing and maintaining a comprehensive SMS.
3. The Importance of Human Factors in Workplace Safety: An exploration of the human element in accident causation.
4. Effective Incident Investigation Methodologies: Detailed instructions on conducting thorough and effective incident investigations.
5. Building a Strong Safety Culture: A Practical Guide: Strategies for fostering a positive and proactive safety culture.
6. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Best Practices: Best practices for identifying and assessing hazards effectively.
7. Behavioral-Based Safety Programs: A Comprehensive Overview: An in-depth look at the principles and implementation of BBS.
8. Ergonomics in the Workplace: Preventing Musculoskeletal Disorders: Focuses on designing workplaces to minimize physical strain and injury.
9. Emergency Response Planning and Training for Workplace Accidents: A detailed guide on developing and implementing emergency response plans.
| accidents analysis and prevention: Transportation Accident Analysis and Prevention Anton de Smet, 2008 This book is dedicated to research on transportation accidental injury and damage, including the pre-injury and immediate post-injury phases. It also includes studies of human, environmental and vehicular factors influencing the occurrence, type and severity of transportation accidents and injury; the design, implementation and evaluation of countermeasures; biomechanics of impact and human tolerance limits to injury; modelling and statistical analysis of accident data; policy, planning and decision-making in safety and prevention of traffic accidents. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Accident Analysis and Prevention Murat Darçın, 2020-09-16 Accidents are inevitable in our lives and they affect us in many aspects ranging from economical to social, health to legal. While it is not possible to remove accidents from our lives completely, it is possible to develop new techniques or set new standards or prepare contingency plans to reduce their possibility of happening or to alleviate their consequences. This book, aiming to enlighten our ways to prevent accidents, is a compilation of articles authored by reputable international academicians from several disciplines such as maritime studies, defense technologies, emergency management, and psychiatry and behavioral medicine. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Human Factors Models for Aviation Accident Analysis and Prevention Thomas G.C. Griffin, Mark S. Young, Neville A. Stanton, 2017-03-02 The investigation and modelling of aviation accident causation is dominated by linear models. Aviation is, however, a complex system and as such suffers from being artificially manipulated into non-complex models and methods. This book addresses this issue by developing a new approach to investigating aviation accident causation through information networks. These networks centralise communication and the flow of information as key indicators of a system’s health and risk. This holistic approach focuses on the system environment, the activity that takes place within it, the strategies used to conduct this activity, the way in which the constituent parts of the system (both human and non-human) interact and the behaviour required. Each stage of this book identifies and expands upon the potential of the information network approach, maintaining firm focus on the overall health of a system. The book’s new model offers many potential developments and some key areas are studied in this research. Through the centralisation of barriers and information nodes the method can be applied to almost any situation. The application of Bayesian mathematics to historical data populations provides scope for studying error migration and barrier manipulation. The book also provides application of these predictions to a flight simulator study for the purposes of validation. Beyond this it also discusses the applicability of the approach to industry. Through working with a legacy airline the methods discussed are used as the basis for a new and prospective safety management system. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Barriers and Accident Prevention Erik Hollnagel, 2016-12-05 Accidents are preventable, but only if they are correctly described and understood. Since the mid-1980s accidents have come to be seen as the consequence of complex interactions rather than simple threads of causes and effects. Yet progress in accident models has not been matched by advances in methods. The author's work in several fields (aviation, power production, traffic safety, healthcare) made it clear that there is a practical need for constructive methods and this book presents the experiences and the state-of-the-art. The focus of the book is on accident prevention rather than accident analysis and unlike other books, has a proactive rather than reactive approach. The emphasis on design rather than analysis is a trend also found in other fields. Features of the book include: -A classification of barrier functions and barrier systems that will enable the reader to appreciate the diversity of barriers and to make informed decisions for system changes. -A perspective on how the understanding of accidents (the accident model) largely determines how the analysis is done and what can be achieved. The book critically assesses three types of accident models (sequential, epidemiological, systemic) and compares their strengths and weaknesses. -A specific accident model that captures the full complexity of systemic accidents. One consequence is that accidents can be prevented through a combination of performance monitoring and barrier functions, rather than through the elimination or encapsulation of causes. -A clearly described methodology for barrier analysis and accident prevention. Written in an accessible style, Barriers and Accident Prevention is designed to provide a stimulating and practical guide for industry professionals familiar with the general ideas of accidents and human error. The book is directed at those involved with accident analysis and system safety, such as managers of safety departments, risk and safety consultants, human factors professionals, and accident investigators. It is applicable to all major application areas such as aviation, ground transportation, maritime, process industries, healthcare and hospitals, communication systems, and service providers. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Prevention of Accidents Through Experience Feedback Urban Kjellen, 2002-01-04 Providing a practical introduction to the basic theories and principals of accident prevention through diagnosis and feedback control, this book presents the various methods and tools of safety, health, and environment (SHE) practice where experience feedback is employed. These include methods of accident and near accident reporting and investigation, workplace inspection, SHE performance measurement, and safety analysis and auditing. It also assesses potentials and limitations of the different methods and tools, including learning from experience of unwanted events and errors. It includes highly applicable data on developing a computer-supported SHE information system. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: A Human Error Approach to Aviation Accident Analysis Douglas A. Wiegmann, Scott A. Shappell, 2017-12-22 Human error is implicated in nearly all aviation accidents, yet most investigation and prevention programs are not designed around any theoretical framework of human error. Appropriate for all levels of expertise, the book provides the knowledge and tools required to conduct a human error analysis of accidents, regardless of operational setting (i.e. military, commercial, or general aviation). The book contains a complete description of the Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), which incorporates James Reason's model of latent and active failures as a foundation. Widely disseminated among military and civilian organizations, HFACS encompasses all aspects of human error, including the conditions of operators and elements of supervisory and organizational failure. It attracts a very broad readership. Specifically, the book serves as the main textbook for a course in aviation accident investigation taught by one of the authors at the University of Illinois. This book will also be used in courses designed for military safety officers and flight surgeons in the U.S. Navy, Army and the Canadian Defense Force, who currently utilize the HFACS system during aviation accident investigations. Additionally, the book has been incorporated into the popular workshop on accident analysis and prevention provided by the authors at several professional conferences world-wide. The book is also targeted for students attending Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University which has satellite campuses throughout the world and offers a course in human factors accident investigation for many of its majors. In addition, the book will be incorporated into courses offered by Transportation Safety International and the Southern California Safety Institute. Finally, this book serves as an excellent reference guide for many safety professionals and investigators already in the field. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention Marjorie Peden, 2008-09 Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Safer Seas Koji Fukuoka, 2019-07-05 Marine accidents can occur at any time and everywhere in the world, resulting in loss of life, property, environment and reputation of the companies involved. Preventing accidents and establishing a safer world without accidents is an important agenda for the maritime industry. Since the enforcement of the International Safety Management Code in 1998, companies have taken various kinds of measures to prevent accidents. Unfortunately, measures have been undertaken in a disorganized manner, and have not been effective. Experts of risk management, the safety management system, and accident models have each undertaken accident preventive measures within the scope of their specific fields, but have not looked beyond the realm of their own fields. This book discusses systematic accident prevention by integrating multi-disciplinary expertise based on academic research, the quality management system which has already proved its effectiveness in other fields, and findings of the author’s research. In systematic accident prevention, the weaknesses of a system within which accidents and incidents have occurred are viewed by combining scientific accident investigation data based on the International Maritime Organization model and the accident model. The nature of every type of marine accident, such as collisions, groundings, occupational casualties, etc., are derived by combining the accident model and statistical data. System weaknesses are rectified by the risk reduction method of risk management, and the rectified performance is incorporated in improvement in the system by the PDCA cycle, which is the core of the Safety Management System. We can see the weakness in the system and reduce the number of accidents and incidents while utilizing limited resources optimally to prevent accidents and incidents. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Prevention of Accidents and Unwanted Occurrences Urban Kjellen, Eirik Albrechtsen, 2017-03-07 This new edition comes after about 15 years of development in the field of safety science and practice. The book addresses the question of how to improve risk assessments, investigations, and organizational learning inside companies in order to prevent unwanted occurrences. The book helps the reader in analyzing the subject from different scientific perspectives to demonstrate how they contribute to an overall understanding. It also gives a comprehensive overview of different methods and tools for use in safety practice and helps the reader in analyzing their scope, merits, and shortcomings. The book raises a number of critical issues to be addressed in the improvement process. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Safety Analysis Lars Harms-Ringdahl, 2001-06-28 Safety analysis can be applied as a practical tool in occupational safety. It has three main elements: the identification of hazards, the assessment of risks that arise, and the generation of measures to increase the level of safety. A number of simple methods are described that can be used in industry and the workplace, such as deviation analysis, |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Accident Prevention and OSHA Compliance Patrick A. Michaud, 1995-05-04 Accident Prevention and OSHA Compliance contains all the information you need to reduce or avoid injuries, illnesses, fires, and equipment damage resulting from an accident. The book provides valuable insight into how OSHA conducts its inspections and how to avoid losses and increase profits by complying with OSHA regulations. By following the easy-to-understand techniques and guidelines, you can effectively train personnel on safety and health issues. The book explains accident causes and describes unsafe acts and conditions. It offers suggestions about how to look for hazards and how to safety-check each step of a job. Guidelines are given for constructing a safety inspection list, conducting a job hazard analysis and how to revise it, organizing a safety committee, and reporting accidents to OSHA. It also includes steps that can be used to protect trade secrets. Human factors and limitations, protective equipment and its proper usage, first aid and medical care, and much more are detailed. Record-keeping requirements are given and examples of direct and indirect costs of accidents are illustrated. The effects of drugs and alcohol and tips to recognize users are discussed. Helpful appendices contain numerous charts and tables, useful contacts, and valuable additional information. The book also includes various office and home hazards and injuries, and steps to follow to make both places safe. Written by a professional with vast experience as an engineer, certified hazard control manager, professor of safety and health, and safety consultant, Accident Prevention and OSHA Compliance provides a single source covering the immense amount of information on this subject. The proven principles and practices found in this book cover every aspect of accident prevention and provide perfect solutions to profit-losing problems. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Accident/Incident Prevention Techniques Charles D. Reese, 2011-10-25 Published more than ten years ago, the first edition of Accident/Incident Prevention Techniques provided clear, comprehensive guidance on how to mitigate the cost, in personnel and to the bottom line, of accidents/incidents in the workplace. Significantly revised and updated, this Second Edition takes its place as the A to Z hands-on guide to the r |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health — Man and Machine Hans von Holst, Ake Nygren, Ake E. Andersson, 2000-07-11 Hans von Holst Royal Institute of Technology, WHO Collaborating Center, Sweden Ake Nygren Karolinska Institute, WHO Collaborating Center, Sweden Ake E. Andersson Institute for Futures Studies, Sweden n a recent study initiated by Harvard University, World Bank and I World Health Organization it was concluded that road injuries will be ranked from number 9 today to number 3 within the next two to three decades if authorities all over the world do not pay more attention to this significant problem. Injuries in traffic do not only concern the patient himself but also the relatives from an emotional point of view and the society from a socio economic point. Both emerging markets and industrial countries have significant experi ence of the events following a traffic accident. Much effort has been directed towards transportation of the victim from the scene of the accident to intensive care unit in the hospital. Simultaneously, the awareness of our knowledge about how these injuries should be prevented is striking. The focus of this second book of transportation, traffic safety and health is to further present some of the latest aspects in the area of mobility and its rela tion to planning of an optimal traffic safety with respect to our present knowl edge in the field. The volume contains a collection of contributions presented of scientists, clinicians and administrators at The Second International Conference on Transportation, Traffic Safety and Health, held in Brussels, Belgium, 1996. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents James Reason, 2016-01-29 Major accidents are rare events due to the many barriers, safeguards and defences developed by modern technologies. But they continue to happen with saddening regularity and their human and financial consequences are all too often unacceptably catastrophic. One of the greatest challenges we face is to develop more effective ways of both understanding and limiting their occurrence. This lucid book presents a set of common principles to further our knowledge of the causes of major accidents in a wide variety of high-technology systems. It also describes tools and techniques for managing the risks of such organizational accidents that go beyond those currently available to system managers and safety professionals. James Reason deals comprehensively with the prevention of major accidents arising from human and organizational causes. He argues that the same general principles and management techniques are appropriate for many different domains. These include banks and insurance companies just as much as nuclear power plants, oil exploration and production companies, chemical process installations and air, sea and rail transport. Its unique combination of principles and practicalities make this seminal book essential reading for all whose daily business is to manage, audit and regulate hazardous technologies of all kinds. It is relevant to those concerned with understanding and controlling human and organizational factors and will also interest academic readers and those working in industrial and government agencies. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: An Engineer's View of Human Error Trevor A. Kletz, 2008 This title looks at how people, as opposed to technology and computers within plants, are arguably the most unreliable factor, leading to dangerous situations. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Safety and Health for Workers Bankole Fasanya, 2020-06-17 This book provides workers and individuals with knowledge on the effective ways to understand the importance of human health and safety in workplaces. Workplace incident scenarios and research findings on human health and safety that could be an ideal information source for university students and workers are detailed in the book. Knowledge made available includes: • Ergonomics, spine deformity associated with human posture. • Gender differences in biomechanical effects of the upper extremities. • Working conditions and gender inequalities and their effects on health and safety promotions. • Social support and job satisfaction relationship at workplaces. • Recommendations to enhance good handwashing practices. • Worker’s Act impacts on health and safety practices. • Good hygiene practices at public places. Its comprehensive scope, along with its quick understanding, makes this book a handy working reference for good health and safety practices at workplaces. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Prevention of Accidents and Unwanted Occurrences Urban Kjellen, Eirik Albrechtsen, 2017-03-07 This new edition comes after about 15 years of development in the field of safety science and practice. The book addresses the question of how to improve risk assessments, investigations, and organizational learning inside companies in order to prevent unwanted occurrences. The book helps the reader in analyzing the subject from different scientific perspectives to demonstrate how they contribute to an overall understanding. It also gives a comprehensive overview of different methods and tools for use in safety practice and helps the reader in analyzing their scope, merits, and shortcomings. The book raises a number of critical issues to be addressed in the improvement process. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Barriers and Accident Prevention Erik Hollnagel, 2004 The Principle of Efficiency-Thoroughness Trade-Off |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Improving the Continued Airworthiness of Civil Aircraft National Research Council, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, Committee on Aircraft Certification Safety Management, 1998-09-11 As part of the national effort to improve aviation safety, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) chartered the National Research Council to examine and recommend improvements in the aircraft certification process currently used by the FAA, manufacturers, and operators. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Battery Hazards and Accident Prevention P. Bro, S.C. Levy, 2013-06-29 This book is about how to avoid the accidents and injuries that may occur when batteries are abused or mishandled. It is the first book to deal specifically with this subject in a reasonably comprehensive manner accessible to readers ranging from regular consumers to technical specialists. Batteries and battery processes are described in sufficient detail to enable readers to understand why and how batteries cause accidents and what can be done to prevent them. Each year in the United States alone, thousands of individuals are injured by battery accidents, some of which are severely disabling. The tragedy is that such accidents need not occur. The book is intended to satisfy the needs of a varied group of readers: battery users in general, battery engineers, and designers of battery-operated equipment and consumer electronics. Since the book is a reference source of information on batteries and battery chemicals, we believe it may also be useful to those studying the environment as well as to medical personnel called upon to treat battery injuries. There are no prerequisites for an under standing of the text other than an interest in batteries and their safe usage. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Advances in Electronics, Communication and Computing Pradeep Kumar Mallick, Akash Kumar Bhoi, Gyoo-Soo Chae, Kanak Kalita, 2021-01-28 This book comprises select proceedings of the international conference ETAEERE 2020, and covers latest research in the areas of electronics, communication and computing. The book includes different approaches and techniques for specific applications using particle swarm optimization, Otsu’s function and harmony search optimization algorithm, DNA-NAND gate, triple gate SOI MOSFET, micro-Raman and FTIR analysis, high-k dielectric gate oxide, spectrum sensing in cognitive radio, microstrip antenna, GPR with conducting surfaces, energy efficient packet routing, iBGP route reflectors, circularly polarized antenna, double fork shaped patch radiator, implementation of Doppler radar at 24 GHz, iris image classification using SVM, digital image forgery detection, secure communication, spoken dialog system, and DFT-DCT spreading strategies. Given the range of topics covered, this book can be useful for both students and researchers working in electronics and communication. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Accidental Injury Narayan Yoganandan, Alan M. Nahum, John W. Melvin, The Medical College of Wisconsin Inc, 2014-11-17 This book provides a state-of-the-art look at the applied biomechanics of accidental injury and prevention. The editors, Drs. Narayan Yoganandan, Alan M. Nahum and John W. Melvin are recognized international leaders and researchers in injury biomechanics, prevention and trauma medicine. They have assembled renowned researchers as authors for 29 chapters to cover individual aspects of human injury assessment and prevention. This third edition is thoroughly revised and expanded with new chapters in different fields. Topics covered address automotive, aviation, military and other environments. Field data collection; injury coding/scaling; injury epidemiology; mechanisms of injury; human tolerance to injury; simulations using experimental, complex computational models (finite element modeling) and statistical processes; anthropomorphic test device design, development and validation for crashworthiness applications in topics cited above; and current regulations are covered. Risk functions and injury criteria for various body regions are included. Adult and pediatric populations are addressed. The exhaustive list of references in many areas along with the latest developments is valuable to all those involved or intend to pursue this important topic on human injury biomechanics and prevention. The expanded edition will interest a variety of scholars and professionals including physicians, biomedical researchers in many disciplines, basic scientists, attorneys and jurists involved in accidental injury cases and governmental bodies. It is hoped that this book will foster multidisciplinary collaborations by medical and engineering researchers and academicians and practicing physicians for injury assessment and prevention and stimulate more applied research, education and training in the field of accidental-injury causation and prevention. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Cause, Effect, and Control of Accidental Loss with Accident Investigation Kit Ron Charles McKinnon, 2019-04-23 Accident: an undesired event that results in loss. Most people give little thought to accidents or their prevention. Health and safety professionals face this challenge, and its associated costs and losses, both human and financial, every day. Cause, Effect, and Control of Accidental Loss with Accident Investigation Kit provides the tools you need |
| accidents analysis and prevention: World Report on Child Injury Prevention M. M. Peden, 2008 Child injuries are largely absent from child survival initiatives presently on the global agenda. Through this report, the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children's Fund and many partners have set out to elevate child injury to a priority for the global public health and development communities. It should be seen as a complement to the UN Secretary-General's study on violence against children released in late 2006 (that report addressed violence-related or intentional injuries). Both reports suggest that child injury and violence prevention programs need to be integrated into child survival and other broad strategies focused on improving the lives of children. Evidence demonstrates the dramatic successes in child injury prevention in countries which have made a concerted effort. These results make a case for increasing investments in human resources and institutional capacities. Implementing proven interventions could save more than a thousand children's lives a day.--p. vii. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Traffic Safety and the Driver Leonard Evans, 1991 Examines deaths, injuries, and property damage from traffic crashes. Evans (research scientist, General Motors Research Labs, Warren, Michigan) applies the methods of science to illuminate the characteristics of these problems--their origin and nature as well as their severity. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| accidents analysis and prevention: The ETTO Principle: Efficiency-Thoroughness Trade-Off Professor Erik Hollnagel, 2012-10-01 Accident investigation and risk assessment have for decades focused on the human factor, particularly ‘human error’. This bias towards performance failures leads to a neglect of normal performance. It assumes that failures and successes have different origins so there is little to be gained from studying them together. Erik Hollnagel believes this assumption is false and that safety cannot be attained only by eliminating risks and failures. The alternative is to understand why things go right and to amplify that. The ETTO Principle looks at the common trait of people at work to adjust what they do to match the conditions. It proposes that this efficiency-thoroughness trade-off (ETTO) is normal. While in some cases the adjustments may lead to adverse outcomes, these are due to the same processes that produce successes. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013 World Health Organization. Violence and Injury Prevention, World Health Organization, 2013 This report provides legislation data last updated in 2011 and fatality data updated for 2010. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: The Handbook of Road Safety Measures Rune Elvik, Truls Vaa, Alena Hoye, Michael Sorensen, 2009-10-14 Contains summaries of the knowledge regarding the effects of 128 road safety measures. This title covers various areas of road safety including: traffic control; vehicle inspection; driver training; publicity campaigns; police enforcement; and, general policy instruments. It also covers topics such as post-accident care, and speed cameras. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Engineering a Safer World Nancy G. Leveson, 2012-01-13 A new approach to safety, based on systems thinking, that is more effective, less costly, and easier to use than current techniques. Engineering has experienced a technological revolution, but the basic engineering techniques applied in safety and reliability engineering, created in a simpler, analog world, have changed very little over the years. In this groundbreaking book, Nancy Leveson proposes a new approach to safety—more suited to today's complex, sociotechnical, software-intensive world—based on modern systems thinking and systems theory. Revisiting and updating ideas pioneered by 1950s aerospace engineers in their System Safety concept, and testing her new model extensively on real-world examples, Leveson has created a new approach to safety that is more effective, less expensive, and easier to use than current techniques. Arguing that traditional models of causality are inadequate, Leveson presents a new, extended model of causation (Systems-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes, or STAMP), then shows how the new model can be used to create techniques for system safety engineering, including accident analysis, hazard analysis, system design, safety in operations, and management of safety-critical systems. She applies the new techniques to real-world events including the friendly-fire loss of a U.S. Blackhawk helicopter in the first Gulf War; the Vioxx recall; the U.S. Navy SUBSAFE program; and the bacterial contamination of a public water supply in a Canadian town. Leveson's approach is relevant even beyond safety engineering, offering techniques for “reengineering” any large sociotechnical system to improve safety and manage risk. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Reducing the Burden of Injury Institute of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Committee on Injury Prevention and Control, 1998-12-21 Injuries are the leading cause of death and disability among people under age 35 in the United States. Despite great strides in injury prevention over the decades, injuries result in 150,000 deaths, 2.6 million hospitalizations, and 36 million visits to the emergency room each year. Reducing the Burden of Injury describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks critically at the current response by the public and private sectors, including: Data and surveillance needs. Research priorities. Trauma care systems development. Infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals. Firearm safety. Coordination among federal agencies. The authors define the field of injury and establish boundaries for the field regarding intentional injuries. This book highlights the crosscutting nature of the injury field, identifies opportunities to leverage resources and expertise of the numerous parties involved, and discusses issues regarding leadership at the federal level. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Data Analytics: Paving the Way to Sustainable Urban Mobility Eftihia G. Nathanail, Ioannis D. Karakikes, 2018-12-11 This book aims at showing how big data sources and data analytics can play an important role in sustainable mobility. It is especially intended to provide academicians, researchers, practitioners and decision makers with a snapshot of methods that can be effectively used to improve urban mobility. The different chapters, which report on contributions presented at the 4th Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility, held on May 24-25, 2018, in Skiathos Island, Greece, cover different thematic areas, such as social networks and traveler behavior, applications of big data technologies in transportation and analytics, transport infrastructure and traffic management, transportation modeling, vehicle emissions and environmental impacts, public transport and demand responsive systems, intermodal interchanges, smart city logistics systems, data security and associated legal aspects. They show in particular how to apply big data in improving urban mobility, discuss important challenges in developing and implementing analytics methods and provide the reader with an up-to-date review of the most representative research on data management techniques for enabling sustainable urban mobility |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Draft Care and Support Bill Great Britain: Department of Health, 2012-07-11 This paper is published alongside the Government white paper Caring for our future: reforming care and support (Cm. 8378, ISBN 9780101837828). The draft Bill takes forward the recommendations of the Law Commission report on adult social care (Law Com. 326, HC 941, session 2010-12, ISBN 9780102971682) which concluded that existing care and support legislation was outdated and confusing, making it difficult for people who need care and support, and carers, to know what they are entitled to and for local authorities to understand their responsibilities. The Bill will: modernise and consolidate the law, clarify entitlements; support broader needs of local communities; simplify the care and support system and processes. Key provisions include: statutory principles which embed the promotion of individual well-being; clear legal entitlements; everyone, including carers, should have a personal budget as part of their care and support plan; duties to ensure care and support continues when a person moves to a different local authority area; a new statutory framework for adult safeguarding. Others sections cover the establishment of Health Education England and the Health Research Authority, and allow for the abolition (subject to consultation) of the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority and Human Tissue Authority. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Prevention, Policy, and Public Health Amy A. Eyler, Jamie F. Chriqui, Sarah Moreland-Russell, Ross C. Brownson, 2016 Prevention, Policy, and Public Health provides a basic foundation for students, professionals, and researchers to be more effective in the policy arena. It offers information on the dynamics of the policymaking process, theoretical frameworks, analysis, and policy applications. It also offers coverage of advocacy and communication, the two most integral aspects of shaping policies for public health. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Traffic Accidents Graham P. Bartley, 2008 This book examines a wide range of issues related to traffic accidents including prevention, safety, prediction, precipitation, mitigation, and related law enforcement issues. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Guidance on Investigating and Analysing Human and Organisational Factors Aspects of Incidents and Accidents , 2008 |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Industrial Accident Prevention Herbert William Heinrich, 1959 |
| accidents analysis and prevention: The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Committee on the Health Effects of Marijuana: An Evidence Review and Research Agenda, 2017-05-01 Significant changes have taken place in the policy landscape surrounding cannabis legalization, production, and use. During the past 20 years, 25 states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis and/or cannabidiol (a component of cannabis) for medical conditions or retail sales at the state level and 4 states have legalized both the medical and recreational use of cannabis. These landmark changes in policy have impacted cannabis use patterns and perceived levels of risk. However, despite this changing landscape, evidence regarding the short- and long-term health effects of cannabis use remains elusive. While a myriad of studies have examined cannabis use in all its various forms, often these research conclusions are not appropriately synthesized, translated for, or communicated to policy makers, health care providers, state health officials, or other stakeholders who have been charged with influencing and enacting policies, procedures, and laws related to cannabis use. Unlike other controlled substances such as alcohol or tobacco, no accepted standards for safe use or appropriate dose are available to help guide individuals as they make choices regarding the issues of if, when, where, and how to use cannabis safely and, in regard to therapeutic uses, effectively. Shifting public sentiment, conflicting and impeded scientific research, and legislative battles have fueled the debate about what, if any, harms or benefits can be attributed to the use of cannabis or its derivatives, and this lack of aggregated knowledge has broad public health implications. The Health Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids provides a comprehensive review of scientific evidence related to the health effects and potential therapeutic benefits of cannabis. This report provides a research agendaâ€outlining gaps in current knowledge and opportunities for providing additional insight into these issuesâ€that summarizes and prioritizes pressing research needs. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Accidents James Thornhill, 2011-10-01 Dr Thornhill's book is a new resource for all Health and Safety professionals, and particularly for those who have responsibility for or who are likely to be involved in accident investigation. Starting with some valuable historical background, the book then provides some psychological tools to answer the question why people behave in ways which they know to be unsafe. There is a full discussion of the advantages of good accident investigation in the third chapter. The central part of the book gives a blow by blow account of the accident investigation procedure and covers everything from the contents of the investigator's tool kit to the eventual cleaning up operation. The essential and sometimes daunting task of interviewing witnesses is then examined, with many practical hints on how to conduct a good interview. In chapter six the author suggests ways of assembling and making sense of the information gained in the investigation process, and then goes on to consider the writing and contents of the accident report. The aim of accident investigation must be to prevent accidents; to save lives and to save money. In the final two chapters of this book Dr Thornhill asks how we can effectively do this by improving the safety culture of an organisation. There is also a very useful check-list for the accident investigator and report writer to use. Dr Thornhill is an international teacher and consultant and writes in a clear and engaging style which makes it ideal for HSE managers at all levels. |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Patient Safety and Quality Ronda Hughes, 2008 Nurses play a vital role in improving the safety and quality of patient car -- not only in the hospital or ambulatory treatment facility, but also of community-based care and the care performed by family members. Nurses need know what proven techniques and interventions they can use to enhance patient outcomes. To address this need, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), with additional funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, has prepared this comprehensive, 1,400-page, handbook for nurses on patient safety and quality -- Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. (AHRQ Publication No. 08-0043). - online AHRQ blurb, http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/ |
| accidents analysis and prevention: Marine Nuclear Power Technology Junchong Yu, 2020-04-16 This book introduces readers to basic approaches in and principles of marine nuclear power design, including overall reactor design, in-core design, coolant systems and devices, I&C system design, safety system design, and dynamic analysis assessment. It comprehensively reviews both the fundamentals of and latest trends in nuclear-powered devices, covering their entire lifespan, from design and testing to operation and decommissioning. Further, it explores in detail various real-world conditions in the marine context – such as insufficient space for equipment deployment and frequently changing operating conditions as well as swinging and tilting. Offering extensive information on the design and operation of marine nuclear power systems, the book is a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in the area of marine science and nuclear engineering, and graduate students intending to embark on a career in the field. |
Accident Data Center: News, resources and community for people …
Accident Data Center is a free, comprehensive resource for anyone looking for up-to-date and accurate information on recent accidents across the United States. Combined with the …
Recent Accidents in New York - Reports, news and resources
New York - Home to The Big Apple, the Great Appalachian Valley, the Allegheny Plateau, and the Adirondack Mountains New York State is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and …
Recent Accidents in Virginia - Reports, news and resources - legal ...
Commonwealth of Virginia – The Cradle of America with a unique history and climate Nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as a former dominion of the English Crown, and "Mother …
Car, Truck, Pedestrian and Other Accidents in Harris County, TX 1 ...
Accidents in Harris County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Harris County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that …
Recent Accidents in Alabama - Reports, news and resources - legal ...
Alabama - The Heart of Dixie, with the the second-largest inland waterway system in the U.S., and growing populations and industryAlabama is the 30th-most extensive and the 23rd-most …
Car, Truck, Pedestrian and Other Accidents in Palm Beach County, …
Accidents in Palm Beach County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Palm Beach County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration …
Recent Accidents in North Carolina - Reports, news and resources ...
When someone is injured in an accident in North Carolina, it is important to gather information about what happens next. Being injured in a serious accident is always a shocking and scary …
Recent Accidents in Washington - Reports, news and resources
When someone is injured in an accident in Washington, it is important to gather information about what happens next. Being injured in a serious accident is always a shocking and scary …
Recent Accidents in Wisconsin - Reports, news and resources
Wisconsin: The Dairy State – The land of lakes, amazing natural resources, outdoor sporting opportunities, cranberry bogs, and cheeseWisconsin, a name meaning "grassy place" in the …
Recent Accidents in Pennsylvania - Reports, news and resources
When someone is injured in an accident in Pennsylvania, it is important to gather information about what happens next. Being injured in a serious accident is always a shocking and scary …
Accident Data Center: News, resources and community for people …
Accident Data Center is a free, comprehensive resource for anyone looking for up-to-date and accurate information on recent accidents across the United States. Combined with the …
Recent Accidents in New York - Reports, news and resources
New York - Home to The Big Apple, the Great Appalachian Valley, the Allegheny Plateau, and the Adirondack Mountains New York State is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and …
Recent Accidents in Virginia - Reports, news and resources - legal ...
Commonwealth of Virginia – The Cradle of America with a unique history and climate Nicknamed the "Old Dominion" due to its status as a former dominion of the English Crown, and "Mother …
Car, Truck, Pedestrian and Other Accidents in Harris County, TX 1 ...
Accidents in Harris County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Harris County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration show that …
Recent Accidents in Alabama - Reports, news and resources - legal ...
Alabama - The Heart of Dixie, with the the second-largest inland waterway system in the U.S., and growing populations and industryAlabama is the 30th-most extensive and the 23rd-most …
Car, Truck, Pedestrian and Other Accidents in Palm Beach County, …
Accidents in Palm Beach County are a major cause of property damage, injury, and death each year In Palm Beach County, statistics from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration …
Recent Accidents in North Carolina - Reports, news and resources ...
When someone is injured in an accident in North Carolina, it is important to gather information about what happens next. Being injured in a serious accident is always a shocking and scary …
Recent Accidents in Washington - Reports, news and resources
When someone is injured in an accident in Washington, it is important to gather information about what happens next. Being injured in a serious accident is always a shocking and scary …
Recent Accidents in Wisconsin - Reports, news and resources
Wisconsin: The Dairy State – The land of lakes, amazing natural resources, outdoor sporting opportunities, cranberry bogs, and cheeseWisconsin, a name meaning "grassy place" in the …
Recent Accidents in Pennsylvania - Reports, news and resources
When someone is injured in an accident in Pennsylvania, it is important to gather information about what happens next. Being injured in a serious accident is always a shocking and scary …
