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# Abstract Thinking Psychology Definition: A Comprehensive Overview
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, Ph.D., Professor of Cognitive Psychology, University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Reed has over 20 years of experience researching and teaching cognitive development, specializing in abstract reasoning and its neurological underpinnings.
Publisher: Oxford University Press, a leading academic publisher with a long history of publishing high-quality works in psychology and related fields.
Editor: Dr. Anya Sharma, Ph.D., Senior Editor, Oxford University Press, specializing in cognitive science and developmental psychology.
Keywords: abstract thinking psychology definition, abstract reasoning, cognitive development, hypothetical thinking, symbolic thought, problem-solving, intelligence, Piaget, Vygotsky, neurological correlates of abstract thinking, abstract thought development.
What is the Abstract Thinking Psychology Definition?
The abstract thinking psychology definition centers on the ability to understand concepts that are not tied to concrete objects or experiences. It involves manipulating symbols, ideas, and concepts mentally, forming generalizations, and engaging in hypothetical thinking. Unlike concrete thinking, which focuses on tangible objects and immediate experiences, abstract thinking psychology definition highlights the capacity for higher-order reasoning and problem-solving that transcends the here and now. It’s a crucial aspect of cognitive development, crucial for advanced learning and problem-solving. The development of abstract thinking psychology definition is a gradual process, evolving through childhood and adolescence.
Developmental Perspectives on Abstract Thinking
Several influential theories illuminate the abstract thinking psychology definition and its development.
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget, a pioneer in developmental psychology, proposed that children progress through distinct stages of cognitive development. Formal operational thought, the final stage (typically emerging around adolescence), is characterized by the ability to engage in abstract reasoning. According to Piaget's abstract thinking psychology definition, individuals in this stage can think hypothetically, deduce consequences, and engage in systematic problem-solving, demonstrating a mature understanding of abstract concepts. They can understand and manipulate variables, form hypotheses, and test them logically. This stage marks a significant shift from concrete operational thinking, where reasoning is largely tied to concrete experiences.
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Lev Vygotsky emphasized the role of social interaction and cultural context in cognitive development. His perspective on the abstract thinking psychology definition highlights the importance of scaffolding and zone of proximal development (ZPD). According to Vygotsky, children learn abstract thinking through interactions with more knowledgeable others, who provide guidance and support within their ZPD – the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with assistance. Cultural tools, such as language and symbolic systems, play a crucial role in mediating abstract thought. Vygotsky's abstract thinking psychology definition emphasizes the socially constructed nature of abstract reasoning and highlights the importance of collaborative learning.
Neurological Correlates of Abstract Thinking
Neuroscience research sheds light on the brain regions and networks involved in abstract thinking psychology definition. Studies using neuroimaging techniques, such as fMRI and EEG, have identified the prefrontal cortex as a key area for abstract reasoning. The prefrontal cortex is involved in executive functions like working memory, planning, and decision-making, all essential components of abstract thought. Furthermore, the parietal lobes also play a significant role in processing spatial relationships and integrating information, contributing to the capacity for abstract thought. The intricate interplay between these brain regions facilitates the manipulation of symbolic representations and the formation of abstract concepts. Ongoing research continues to unravel the complex neural mechanisms underpinning abstract thinking psychology definition.
Assessing Abstract Thinking
Measuring abstract thinking psychology definition involves assessing various cognitive abilities. Standardized tests, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) and the Raven's Progressive Matrices, are commonly used to evaluate abstract reasoning skills. These tests often present problems requiring the identification of patterns, analogies, or the completion of series, requiring the application of abstract concepts and logical deduction. Other assessments may focus on specific aspects of abstract thinking, such as verbal fluency, problem-solving, and hypothetical reasoning.
Abstract Thinking and Problem-Solving
Abstract thinking psychology definition is essential for effective problem-solving. It allows individuals to move beyond the immediate constraints of a problem and consider alternative solutions, forming mental models and exploring possibilities. The ability to generalize from specific instances to broader principles and to apply abstract rules to new situations is crucial for efficient and creative problem-solving. Individuals with well-developed abstract thinking skills are better equipped to handle complex challenges and adapt to changing circumstances.
Abstract Thinking and Creativity
Creativity often involves the ability to connect seemingly disparate ideas, forming novel combinations and generating unique solutions. Abstract thinking psychology definition plays a vital role in this process. It allows individuals to think beyond the literal meaning of things, explore unconventional possibilities, and generate innovative ideas. Therefore, the abstract thinking psychology definition includes not only logical reasoning but also imaginative thinking.
Abstract Thinking Difficulties and Interventions
Difficulties with abstract thinking can manifest in various ways, including challenges with problem-solving, comprehension of complex concepts, and difficulties with symbolic reasoning. These difficulties can be associated with specific learning disabilities, neurological conditions, or developmental delays. Interventions focusing on strengthening cognitive skills, improving executive functions, and providing structured learning experiences can be beneficial.
Conclusion
The abstract thinking psychology definition encompasses a complex set of cognitive abilities that are crucial for higher-level cognitive functioning. Understanding the developmental trajectory, neurological underpinnings, and assessment methods of abstract thinking is essential for educators, clinicians, and researchers alike. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complexities of abstract thought and its impact on various aspects of human cognition and behavior. Promoting the development of abstract thinking skills is crucial for fostering successful learning, problem-solving, and creativity throughout life.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between concrete and abstract thinking? Concrete thinking focuses on tangible objects and immediate experiences, while abstract thinking involves manipulating symbols, ideas, and concepts mentally.
2. At what age does abstract thinking typically develop? Abstract thinking typically begins to develop during adolescence, although the exact timing varies depending on individual differences and environmental factors.
3. How can I improve my abstract thinking skills? Engage in activities that challenge your cognitive abilities, such as puzzles, brain teasers, and problem-solving tasks. Learn a new language, engage in creative activities, and actively seek out opportunities to expand your knowledge and understanding of complex concepts.
4. What are some common signs of difficulty with abstract thinking? Challenges with problem-solving, difficulty understanding complex concepts, difficulties with symbolic reasoning, and struggles with hypothetical thinking.
5. Can abstract thinking be improved in adulthood? Yes, abstract thinking skills can be improved through lifelong learning, engagement in mentally stimulating activities, and targeted cognitive training.
6. What role does education play in developing abstract thinking? Education plays a crucial role, providing structured learning experiences and opportunities for the development of abstract reasoning skills through problem-solving, critical thinking, and exposure to complex concepts.
7. Are there any neurological conditions that affect abstract thinking? Yes, certain neurological conditions, such as traumatic brain injury and dementia, can impair abstract thinking abilities.
8. How is abstract thinking assessed in clinical settings? Various standardized tests and clinical assessments are used to evaluate abstract reasoning skills, tailored to the individual's age and cognitive abilities.
9. What are the implications of poor abstract thinking for daily life? Difficulties with abstract thinking can impact various aspects of daily life, including academic performance, problem-solving, decision-making, and social interactions.
Related Articles
1. The Role of Working Memory in Abstract Reasoning: This article explores the relationship between working memory capacity and the ability to engage in abstract thought.
2. Developmental Trajectories of Abstract Thinking: This article examines the different stages of abstract thinking development across the lifespan, from childhood to adulthood.
3. Neuroimaging Studies of Abstract Thought: This article reviews neuroimaging research investigating the brain regions and networks involved in abstract reasoning.
4. Assessing Abstract Reasoning in Children with Learning Disabilities: This article discusses the challenges of assessing abstract reasoning in children with learning disabilities and appropriate assessment methods.
5. Interventions for Enhancing Abstract Thinking Skills: This article explores various interventions and strategies designed to improve abstract thinking skills across different populations.
6. The Relationship Between Abstract Thinking and Creativity: This article examines the connection between abstract thinking and creative thinking, highlighting the importance of both for innovation and problem-solving.
7. Abstract Thinking and Decision-Making: This article explores how abstract thinking influences decision-making processes, particularly in complex and uncertain situations.
8. Cultural Influences on Abstract Thinking Development: This article examines how cultural factors and societal norms can influence the development and expression of abstract thinking skills.
9. Abstract Thinking and Problem-Solving in the Workplace: This article discusses the importance of abstract thinking for successful problem-solving and decision-making in professional settings.
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health Sana Loue, Martha Sajatovic, 2008-01-16 Americans are living longer, and the elder population is growing larger. To meet the ongoing need for quality information on elder health, the Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health combines multiple perspectives to offer readers a more accurate and complete picture of the aging process. The book takes a biopsychosocial approach to the complexities of its subject. In-depth introductory chapters include coverage on a historical and demographic overview of aging in America, a guide to biological changes accompanying aging, an analysis of the diversity of the U.S. elder population, legal issues commonly affecting older adults, and the ethics of using cognitively impaired elders in research. From there, over 425 entries cover the gamut of topics, trends, diseases, and phenomena: -Specific populations, including ethnic minorities, custodial grandparents, and centenarians -Core medical conditions associated with aging, from cardiac and pulmonary diseases to Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s -Mental and emotional disorders -Drugs/vitamins/alternative medicine -Disorders of the eyes, feet, and skin -Insomnia and sleep disorders; malnutrition and eating disorders -Sexual and gender-related concerns -And a broad array of social and political issues, including access to care, abuse/neglect, veterans’ affairs, and assisted suicide Entries on not-quite-elders’ concerns (e.g., midlife crisis, menopause) are featured as well. And all chapters and entries include references and resource lists. The Encyclopedia has been developed for maximum utility to clinicians, social workers, researchers, and public health professionals working with older adults. Its multidisciplinary coverage and scope of topics make this volume an invaluable reference for academic and public libraries. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Critical Thinking Tracy Bowell, Gary Kemp, 2002 A much-needed guide to thinking critically for oneself and how to tell a good argument from a bad one. Includes topical examples from politics, sport, medicine, music, chapter summaries, glossary and exercises. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: A Certain Ambiguity Gaurav Suri, Hartosh Singh Bal, 2010-07-01 While taking a class on infinity at Stanford in the late 1980s, Ravi Kapoor discovers that he is confronting the same mathematical and philosophical dilemmas that his mathematician grandfather had faced many decades earlier--and that had landed him in jail. Charged under an obscure blasphemy law in a small New Jersey town in 1919, Vijay Sahni is challenged by a skeptical judge to defend his belief that the certainty of mathematics can be extended to all human knowledge--including religion. Together, the two men discover the power--and the fallibility--of what has long been considered the pinnacle of human certainty, Euclidean geometry. As grandfather and grandson struggle with the question of whether there can ever be absolute certainty in mathematics or life, they are forced to reconsider their fundamental beliefs and choices. Their stories hinge on their explorations of parallel developments in the study of geometry and infinity--and the mathematics throughout is as rigorous and fascinating as the narrative and characters are compelling and complex. Moving and enlightening, A Certain Ambiguity is a story about what it means to face the extent--and the limits--of human knowledge. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Child Psychology Robin Harwood, Scott A. Miller, Ross Vasta, 2008-01-03 In this comprehensive overview, readers will gain a better understanding of the various theories, perspectives, and research that characterize contemporary themes in child development. The book uses a contextual approach to examine the biological, cognitive, social, and emotional foundations of child development. Special attention is paid throughout to the contexts in which development occurs, including families and the larger culture, and how these intersect with our changing society. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Voices Within Charles Fernyhough, 2016-04-14 We all hear voices. Ordinary thinking is often a kind of conversation, filling our heads with speech: the voices of reason, of memory, of self-encouragement and rebuke, the inner dialogue that helps us with tough decisions or complicated problems. For others - voice-hearers, trauma-sufferers and prophets - the voices seem to come from outside: friendly voices, malicious ones, the voice of God or the Devil, the muses of art and literature. In The Voices Within, Royal Society Prize shortlisted psychologist Charles Fernyhough draws on extensive original research and a wealth of cultural touchpoints to reveal the workings of our inner voices, and how those voices link to creativity and development. From Virginia Woolf to the modern Hearing Voices Movement, Fernyhough also transforms our understanding of voice-hearers past and present. Building on the latest theories, including the new 'dialogic thinking' model, and employing state-of-the-art neuroimaging and other ground-breaking research techniques, Fernyhough has written an authoritative and engaging guide to the voices in our heads. WELLCOME COLLECTION Wellcome Collection is a free museum and library that aims to challenge how we think and feel about health. Inspired by the medical objects and curiosities collected by Henry Wellcome, it connects science, medicine, life and art. Wellcome Collection exhibitions, events and books explore a diverse range of subjects, including consciousness, forensic medicine, emotions, sexology, identity and death. Wellcome Collection is part of Wellcome, a global charitable foundation that exists to improve health for everyone by helping great ideas to thrive, funding over 14,000 researchers and projects in more than 70 countries. wellcomecollection.org |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Abstraction , |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The International Handbook on Innovation Larisa V Shavinina, 2003-10-16 Approx.1200 pagesApprox.1200 pages |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Power, Dominance, and Nonverbal Behavior Steve L. Ellyson, John F. Dovidio, 2012-12-06 The study of nonverbal behavior has substantially grown in importance in social psychology during the past twenty years. In addition, other disciplines are increas ingly bringing their unique perspectives to this research area. Investigators from a wide variety of fields such as developmental, clinical, and social psychology, as well as primatology, human ethology, sociology, anthropology, and biology have system atically examined nonverbal aspects of behavior. Nowhere in the nonverbal behavior literature has such multidisciplinary concern been more evident than in the study of the communication of power and dominance. Ethological insights that explored nonhuman-human parallels in nonverbal communication provided the impetus for the research of the early 19708. The sociobiological framework stimulated the search for analogous and homologous gestures, expressions, and behavior patterns among various species of primates, including humans. Other lines of research, in contrast to evolutionary-based models, have focused on the importance of human developmental and social contexts in determining behaviors associated with power and dominance. Unfortunately, there has been little in the way of cross-fertilization or integration among these fields. A genuine need has existed for a forum that exam ines not only where research on power, dominance, and nonverbal behavior has been, but also where it will likely lead. We thus have two major objectives in this book. One goal is to provide the reader with multidisciplinary, up-to-date literature reviews and research findings. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Human Intellect, with an Introduction Upon Psychology and the Soul Noah Porter (the Younger.), 1872 |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Dialectics of the Abstract and the Concrete in Marx's Capital E. V. Ilyenkov, 2008 The book presents an integral Marxist conception of the dialectics and methodology of scientific theoretical cognition, of the dialectical interrelation between the abstract and the concrete, of the unity of the historical and the logical, of the correlat |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Psychology of Word Meanings Paula J. Schwanenflugel, 2013-06-17 This volume contains perspectives from a collection of cognitive scientists on the psychological, philosophical, and educational issues surrounding the meanings of words and how these meanings are learned and accessed. It features chapters covering the nature and structure of word meaning, how new word meanings are acquired in childhood and later on in life, and how research in word processing may tell us something about the way in which word meanings are represented and how they relate to the language processor. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Cognitive Development in Psychology Prof. Dr. Bilal Semih Bozdemir, The philosophical foundations of cognitive development can be traced back to ancient Greece, where figures like Plato and Aristotle pondered the nature of knowledge and learning. Plato proposed that knowledge is inherently linked to the world of forms, suggesting that understanding is an innate quality discovered through recollection. In contrast, Aristotle emphasized empirical observation and inductive reasoning, positing that knowledge is acquired through experience. Such dichotomies set the stage for subsequent theories of cognitive development, where the juxtaposition of innate traits versus experiential learning remained a dominant discourse. During the Enlightenment, intellectual shifts further complicated understanding of cognition. John Locke's tabula rasa concept suggested that the mind begins as a blank slate, thus emphasizing environmental influences on learning. In stark contrast, René Descartes' rationalism introduced the idea that certain truths are inherent and accessible through reason alone. These contrasting perspectives on the origin of knowledge significantly influenced later developmental theorists, shaping their research questions and methodological approaches. The 19th century marked a critical shift toward empirical investigation of cognitive development. The advent of psychology as a formal discipline expanded the exploration of human cognition. Pioneers such as Ernst Weber and Gustav Fechner examined the relationship between physical stimuli and perception, enriching the understanding of how cognitive processes operate. Additionally, the work of Wilhelm Wundt laid the groundwork for experimental psychology, highlighting the importance of controlled environments in the study of cognition. By the late 19th century, the scientific community began to focus on developmental psychology, recognizing the importance of understanding cognitive processes across the lifespan. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Human Intellect: with an Introduction Upon Psychology and the Soul Noah Porter, 1873 |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: A Dictionary of Psychology Andrew M. Colman, 2015 An authoritative and accessible reference guide to psychology. Includes over 11,000 clear and concise definitions of a wide range of terms and concepts in psychology, psychiatry, and psychoanalysis. Ideal for students and professional pyschologists, as well as the general reader. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Abstract Reasoning Tests How2become, 2017-02-08 KEY CONTENTS OF THIS GUIDE INCLUDE: - Contains invaluable tips on how to prepare for abstract reasoning tests; - Written by an expert in this field in conjunction with recruitment experts; - Contains lots of sample test questions and answers. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Neuroeconomics of Prosocial Behavior Carolyn Declerck, Christophe Boone, 2015-08-21 This summary of recent research in neuroeconomics aims to explain how and why a person can sometimes be generous, helpful, and cooperative, yet other times behave in a self-interested and/or exploitative manner. The book explains a dual process of analysis measuring immediate needs of the individual, relative to long term gains possible through prosocial behavior (e.g. synergy, accumulating profits, (in)direct reciprocity) with the output further mitigated by the motivation of the individual at that moment and any special circumstances of the environment. Ultimately it can be shown that prosocial behavior can be economically rational. Yet even when individuals are intrinsically motivated to act prosocially, they are also able to reverse this behavior when they sense it is no longer adaptive. The book will further explore individual differences in prosocial behavior, the development of prosocial behavior, and how a personal neural signature forms that facilitates or hampers cooperation. The book includes game theory research, neuroimaging studies, and research in traditional cognitive psychology to better understand human decision-making re prosocial behavior. This will be of interest to cognitive, developmental, and social psychologists, as well as neuroscientists, and behavioral economists. - Explores: Individual differences in prosocial behavior, The development of prosocial behavior, How a personal neural signature forms that facilitates or hampers cooperation - Includes: Game theory research, Neuroimaging studies, Research in traditional cognitive psychology |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Psychology: From Inquiry to Understanding Scott Lilienfeld, Steven Jay Lynn, Laura Namy, Nancy Woolf, Graham Jamieson, Anthony Marks, Virginia Slaughter, 2014-10-01 Psychology: from inquiry to understanding 2e continues its commitment to emphasise the importance of scientific-thinking skills. It teaches students how to test their assumptions, and motivates them to use scientific thinking skills to better understand the field of psychology in their everyday lives. With leading classic and contemporary research from both Australia and abroad and referencing DSM-5, students will understand the global nature of psychology in the context of Australia’s cultural landscape. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Handbook of Human Intelligence Robert J. Sternberg, 1982-12-30 |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Young Children's Play and Environmental Education in Early Childhood Education Amy Cutter-Mackenzie, Susan Edwards, Deborah Moore, Wendy Boyd, 2014-01-18 In an era in which environmental education has been described as one of the most pressing educational concerns of our time, further insights are needed to understand how best to approach the learning and teaching of environmental education in early childhood education. In this book we address this concern by identifying two principles for using play-based learning early childhood environmental education. The principles we identify are the result of research conducted with teachers and children using different types of play-based learning whilst engaged in environmental education. Such play-types connect with the historical use of play-based learning in early childhood education as a basis for pedagogy. In the book ‘Beyond Quality in ECE and Care’ authors Dahlberg, Moss and Pence implore readers to ask critical questions about commonly held images of how young children come to construct themselves within social institutions. In similar fashion, this little book problematizes the taken-for-grantedness of the childhood development project in service to the certain cultural narratives. Cutter-Mackenzie, Edwards, Moore and Boyd challenge traditional conceptions of play-based learning through the medium of environmental education. This book signals a turning point in social thought grounded in a relational view of (environmental) education as experiential, intergenerational, interspecies, embodied learning in the third space. As Barad says, such work is based in inter-actions that can account for the tangled spaces of agencies. Through the deceptive simplicity of children’s play, the book stimulates deliberation of the real purposes of pedagogy and of schooling. Paul Hart, University of Regina, Canada |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Thinking, Fast and Slow Daniel Kahneman, 2011 No Marketing Blurb |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Psychological Terms J.C. Banerjee, 1994-12 The book is compiled with a view to making a ready reference book on the subject for both teachers and students. The book is an up-to-date record in so far as general psychology is concered. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: ADVANCED EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY, Second Edition MANGAL, S. K., 2002-01-01 This revised and expanded edition is a sequel to the first edition which was warmly received by the student and teaching community for its indepth analysis and refreshing approach to the subject. Psychology of Individual differences Transfer of Learning or Training Emotional Development and Emotional Intelligence Learning Disabilities and Learning Disabled Children Beginning with an introduction to the nature and scope, and the various schools of psychology, the book dis-cusses the systems propounded by Freud, Adler, Jung and Piaget, taking into account their critical importance to the subject. It then focuses on the psychology of growth and development, psychology of individual differences, motivation, attention and personality, with an emphasis on the individual's attitude towards learning, and the factors influencing learning. The text also elaborates the nature and theories of learning and the aspects of memory such as remembering and forgetting. The cognitive aspect, i.e. intelligence, and vital topics like creativity and the psychology of thinking, reasoning and problem-solving have been accorded due promi-nence. A detailed discussion on exceptional children and learning disabled children together with the educational measures for overcoming such disabilities is also included. The text concludes with an important aspect of human behaviour, namely, adjustment. Interspersed with examples, illustrations and tables, this text is ideally suited for postgraduate students of education and psychology. It can also be profitably used by teachers, teacher-educators, guidance and counselling personnel, and administrators of educational institutions. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Science of Learning Hanjiang Wen, 2022-11-26 This book systematically summarizes the author's more than 30 years of experience in teaching reform and educational research. The book is divided into three parts. Part I focuses on the comprehensiveness of thinking and the relationship between the coordinated development of thinking and the overall development of human beings. Part II and Part III mainly discuss the six basic principles of learning and thinking: the principle of the working memory of thinking, the principle of learning transfer, the principle of the basic process of learning, the principle of multi-level development of ability, the principle of sustainable development of learning, and the principle of subjectivity of learning. This book features the rules and characteristics of student learning with a student-centered approach, which can help teachers and educational researchers to better understand students and provide theoretical guidance for students’ all-round development. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Hypothetical Thinking Jonathan St B. T. Evans, 2019-12-09 Hypothetical thought involves the imagination of possibilities and the exploration of their consequences by a process of mental simulation. In this Classic Edition, Jonathan St B. T. Evans presents his pioneering hypothetical thinking theory; an integrated theoretical account of a wide range of psychological studies on hypothesis testing, reasoning, judgement and decision making. Hypothetical thinking theory is built on three key principles and implemented in a version of Evans' well-known heuristic–analytic theory of reasoning. The central claim of this book is that this theory can provide an integrated account of apparently diverse phenomena including confirmation bias in hypothesis testing, acceptance of fallacies in deductive reasoning, belief biases in reasoning and judgement, biases of statistical judgement and numerous characteristic findings in the study of decision making. Featuring a reflective and insightful new introduction to the book, this Classic Edition discusses contemporary theory on cognitive biases, human rationality and dual-process theories of higher cognition. It will be of great interest to researchers, post graduates as well as advanced undergraduate students. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Dopaminergic Mind in Human Evolution and History Fred H. Previc, 2009-05-14 What does it mean to be human? There are many theories of the evolution of human behavior which seek to explain how our brains evolved to support our unique abilities and personalities. Most of these have focused on the role of brain size or specific genetic adaptations of the brain. In contrast, in this text, Fred Previc presents a provocative theory that high levels of dopamine, the most widely studied neurotransmitter, account for all major aspects of modern human behavior. He further emphasizes the role of epigenetic rather than genetic factors in the rise of dopamine. Previc contrasts the great achievements of the dopaminergic mind with the harmful effects of rising dopamine levels in modern societies and concludes with a critical examination of whether the dopaminergic mind that has evolved in humans is still adaptive to the health of humans and to the planet in general. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Introduction to Psychology , 1916 |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Max Wertheimer Productive Thinking Max Wertheimer, 2020-03-30 Max Wertheimer (1880-1943), a pioneer of 20th-century psychology, had a major influence on the development of cognitive psychology, especially the psychology of perception and of productive thinking. His work Productive Thinking (1945), written in New York, is regarded as a milestone in creativity research. Consisting of many examples of creative thought processes - from geometric tasks to socio-psychologically relevant conflict resolutions to the development of Einstein's theory of relativity - the book leads the reader through a multi-faceted body of thought in the psychology of thinking. Only a few texts in psychology have remained significant even after a period of three quarters of a century - Max Wertheimer's Productive Thinking is such an exception. This book, which also presents an exposition of Gestalt psychology, highlights the productive (insightful) versus automatic (unreflected) thought processes for many areas of life. In addition to examples from school teaching, the chapter on the emergence of Albert Einstein's theory of relativity is of lasting interest to today's generation of psychologists, pedagogues, brain researchers, neuroscientists and philosophers. Wertheimer had the unique opportunity to analyze Einstein's thinking in direct conversation. An introductory commentary by Viktor Sarris for this new edition of the first publication of Productive Thinking in 1945 offers a detailed account of the genesis and reception of Wertheimer's work. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Elementary Psychology S.M. Mohsin, 2002-04 In Elementary psychology the author has presented the subject in such a way that the student is able to understand the basic facts and theories in the background of real-life situations. Well before a new term or concept is introduced, the reader is prepared in advance to understand and accept it. An attempt is made in the present work to bring the topic of learning much closer to the readers life and endeavours and to integrate it with his day-to-day experiences of the world around him. In this treatment of motivation and personality, the author has drawn liberally upon his knowledge of psycho-pathology and the facts of social behaviour without which an understanding of the underlying dynamics of behaviour is not possible. An additional special feature of the book is the chapter on intelligence and aptitudes which prepares the student for a full-dress discourse on techniques of test construction at a later stage in his study of the subject. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Introduction to Neuropsychology J. Graham Beaumont, 2008-05-21 This outstanding text gives students a solid grounding in clinical and experimental neuropsychology. The author is a leading authority whose engaging writing style and thorough yet concise coverage of brain localization, anatomy, and their links to cognitive function make the book ideal for undergraduate or graduate use. It is illustrated with more than 60 figures, including six color plates. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Illuminating Schizophrenia Ann Olson, 2013-06-18 Dr. Ann Olson, a doctor of Psychology, has written a book consisting of biography, art and analysis of the various types of schizophrenia. The author is also a poet, essayist, artist and sufferer who has endured years of misdiagnosed psychiatric disorders to finally arrive at her present diagnosis of Undifferentiated Schizophrenia. The book is a compilation of her personal experiences with the disorder, her life with her schizophrenic ex-husband, her own mental illness, her mental health counseling work and commentary of her renown neuropsychologist father. Through Olson's writing and first-hand experience with the illness, the reader is given deep insight into this illness from both the inside experience and the outside theories regarding it. There are discussions of the diagnosis and history of schizophrenia and the many subtypes. There are also analyses of patients suffering with it and with whom Dr. Olson has worked. Olson's poetry is a perspective into the thoughts and feelings of schizophrenics. A significant theme in this book is the stigma of mental illness and how to deal and overcome the negativity associated with those laboring under this illness. Dr. Olson provides insights from the perspective of not just a schizophrenic but of a university academic and lecturer in Psychology. This should be a help to the individual and the families that suffer through the effects of this devastating illness and for those who treat schizophrenic in professional settings. This book contains research, poetry, self-help suggestions, a glossary of psychology terms and extensive bibliography. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Abstraction and Aging Jason S. Lee, 2012-09-08 Abstraction is one facet of intellectual functioning. The study of abstraction allows extremely valuable insights into human intelligence. While this monograph indicates that the ability to think abstractly declines slightly with age, there are a number of variables determining abstract thinking and its relation to intelligence over the life-span. This monograph defines abstraction from all angles of thought, contrasting it with high-order thinking and stereotyped thinking; it discusses and evaluates tests of abstract thinking; and it presents new findings in sociological and psychological research on abstraction. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Discovering the Brain National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, Sandra Ackerman, 1992-01-01 The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the Decade of the Brain by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a field guide to the brainâ€an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€and how a gut feeling actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the Decade of the Brain, with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€and many scientists as wellâ€with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the Decade of the Brain. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Introduction to Clinical Psychology John Hunsley, Catherine M. Lee, 2017-12-04 Introduction to Clinical Psychology: An Evidence-Based Approach, 4th Edition by University of Ottawa authors Catherine M. Lee and John Hunsley introduces students to the theories and practices of clinical psychology and conveys the important work done by clinical psychologists. This text is designed to be helpful not only to those who will go on to careers in clinical psychology, but also to those who will choose other career paths. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Art Of Interrogation ER Hamilton, 2013-07-04 This is Volume VIII of twenty-one in the Individual Differences series with the library of Psychology. First published in 1929, this study provides information on the principles of mental tests and examinations within the area of interrogation in order to understand more fully the differences in the minds of individuals. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: PSYCHOLOGY THE STUDY OF HUMAN BEHAVIOUR BRAJ KUMAR MISHRA , 2016-06-04 Human behaviour—both complex and simple—is such a fascinating subject for study and research, and therefore, psychology as a subject is of tremendous importance to the students and the researchers. This accessible and student-friendly text in its second edition, shows the ‘what,’ ‘why’ and ‘how’ of human behaviour patterns. The text emphasizes controlled and systematic studies to explain such behavioural aspects as sensing, perceiving, modifications of human behaviour, memorizing, the recollection of past events, and affecting processes. The text is interspersed with many examples to illustrate the concepts discussed. The concepts are well-supported with experimental as well as observational facts. What’s more, the book acquaints the reader with the recent advances in the field of psychology. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Sport Psychology Ellis Cashmore, Ernest Cashmore, 2002 Sport psychology is no longer just an academic subject, it is a discipline studied and applied by all those associated with sport, whether athletes, coaches, journalists or fans. This text concerns key topics in the field of sport psychology. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: PSYCHOLOGY B. K. MISHRA, 2008-11-05 Though psychology is a comparatively ‘younger’ subject as compared to allied subjects like Philosophy, Anthropology and Sociology, recent years have witnessed remarkable strides in its study. Indeed, writings on the subject have been both prodigious and prolific because of the enormous interest evinced by those interested in psychology and because human behaviour—both complex and simple—is such a fascinating subject for study and research. This accessible and student-friendly text shows the ‘what,’ ‘why’ and ‘how’ of human behaviour patterns. The text emphasizes controlled and systematic studies to explain such behavioural aspects as sensing, perceiving, modifications of human behaviour, memorizing, the recollection of past events, and affecting processes. The text is interspersed with many examples to illustrate the concepts discussed. The concepts are well-supported with experimental as well as observational facts. What’s more, the book acquaints the reader with the recent advances in the field of psychology. KEY FEATURES Liberal use of examples to give a clear idea of the concept discussed. Step-by-step analysis of various psychological facts to facilitate better understanding of the subject. Presentation of new advances and discoveries in the field of various psychological processes. Glossary of terms besides chapter-end exercises and summaries. Primarily intended as a text for undergraduate students of psychology, the book can also be profitably used by postgraduate students and all those who have an abiding interest in the study of human behaviour. |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: Politics and the English Language George Orwell, 2021-01-01 George Orwell set out ‘to make political writing into an art’, and to a wide extent this aim shaped the future of English literature – his descriptions of authoritarian regimes helped to form a new vocabulary that is fundamental to understanding totalitarianism. While 1984 and Animal Farm are amongst the most popular classic novels in the English language, this new series of Orwell’s essays seeks to bring a wider selection of his writing on politics and literature to a new readership. In Politics and the English Language, the second in the Orwell’s Essays series, Orwell takes aim at the language used in politics, which, he says, ‘is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind’. In an age where the language used in politics is constantly under the microscope, Orwell’s Politics and the English Language is just as relevant today, and gives the reader a vital understanding of the tactics at play. 'A writer who can – and must – be rediscovered with every age.' — Irish Times |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Complete Leader Ron Price and Randy Lisk, 2019-11-19 Everything You Need to Become a High-Performing Leader Do you crave additional development of your leadership skills—not just another business book or workshop, but something practical, actionable and real-world? Executive coaches Ron Price and Randy Lisk combine experiences and tools gleaned from decades working with leaders from Fortune 100 companies to small businesses to present twenty-five modules in The Complete Leader. Each skill is organized around the four qualities necessary to leadership excellence: • Clear thinking in an increasingly-complex world • Managing yourself to develop strong teams and results without excuses • Leading others through transcending results to achieve lasting impact • Authenticity in who you are and who you want to become Presented in a way that is both customizable and scalable, each leadership competency utilizes practical tools for defining, practicing |and becoming the greatest version of yourself. The companion site, TheCompleteLeader.org, includes individual assessments and furthers the ideas presented in each section, offering additional methods to deepen practice and learning. This combination of book, assessments and website round out a robust program designed for today’s established executives and tomorrow’s emerging leaders. RON PRICE is the president and founder of Price Associates, a global leadership performance firm. He is a noted expert on how human behavior translates to company culture, individual and business performances. RANDY LISK is the founder of Lisk Associates, a business consultancy firm. He is a trusted advisor, consultant and coach. “Leaving nothing out, Ron Price and Randy Lisk reveal everything you need to know to be The Complete Leader.” Marshall Goldsmith, International Bestselling Author “This book can serve as your own leadership curriculum as you work on the competencies you need to be an effective leader.” Marshall Goldsmith, International Bestselling Author |
| abstract thinking psychology definition: The Concise Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science W. Edward Craighead, Charles B. Nemeroff, 2004-04-12 Edited by high caliber experts, and contributed to by quality researchers and practitioners in psychology and related fields. Includes over 500 topical entries Each entry features suggested readings and extensive cross-referencing Accessible to students and general readers Edited by two outstanding scholars and clinicians |
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