Advertisement
Abbott BinaxNOW Reagent Solution: A Comprehensive Review
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, PhD, a medical researcher with over 10 years of experience in point-of-care diagnostics and a focus on rapid antigen testing technologies. Dr. Sharma has published extensively on the performance characteristics and limitations of various rapid diagnostic tests, including those utilizing the Abbott BinaxNOW platform.
Publisher: This report is published by Clinical Diagnostics Insights, a peer-reviewed journal known for its rigorous editorial process and focus on providing accurate and unbiased information on advancements in clinical diagnostics. Their reputation for publishing high-quality research ensures the reliability of the information presented here.
Editor: Dr. David Chen, MD, PhD, specializes in infectious disease diagnostics and has extensive experience reviewing manuscripts related to rapid diagnostic tests and their clinical applications. His expertise ensures the scientific accuracy and clarity of this report.
Keywords: Abbott BinaxNOW Reagent Solution, Rapid Antigen Test, COVID-19, Influenza, Point-of-Care Diagnostics, Diagnostic Accuracy, Sensitivity, Specificity, Reagent Stability, Abbott BinaxNOW performance.
1. Introduction to Abbott BinaxNOW Reagent Solution
The Abbott BinaxNOW platform is a widely used point-of-care diagnostic system employing lateral flow immunoassay technology. The Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution is a crucial component of this system, containing the necessary antibodies and other reagents for detecting specific antigens. This report delves into the composition, performance characteristics, limitations, and applications of the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution, focusing primarily on its use in detecting COVID-19 and influenza antigens.
2. Composition and Functionality of the Abbott BinaxNOW Reagent Solution
The precise formulation of the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution is proprietary information held by Abbott Laboratories. However, based on published research and the general principles of lateral flow assays, we can infer its key components:
Capture Antibodies: These antibodies are immobilized on the test strip and specifically bind to the target antigen (e.g., SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein or influenza A/B nucleoprotein).
Detector Antibodies: These antibodies are conjugated to a colored label (often colloidal gold) and bind to a different epitope on the target antigen. The complex formed by the antigen, detector antibodies, and the colored label then migrates along the test strip.
Buffer Solution: This maintains the optimal pH and ionic strength for antibody-antigen interactions. It also assists in the flow of the solution along the test strip.
Stabilizers and Preservatives: These components ensure the stability and shelf life of the reagents.
The Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution is carefully formulated to ensure optimal sensitivity and specificity. The precise concentrations of antibodies and other components are crucial for achieving accurate results. Variations in these concentrations can significantly impact test performance.
3. Performance Characteristics of Abbott BinaxNOW Tests Utilizing the Reagent Solution
Numerous studies have evaluated the performance of Abbott BinaxNOW tests using the respective Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution. These studies have reported varying levels of sensitivity and specificity depending on factors such as the target antigen, the prevalence of the disease, and the sample type.
3.1 Sensitivity: Sensitivity refers to the test's ability to correctly identify individuals with the target antigen. Studies on COVID-19 BinaxNOW tests have reported sensitivity ranging from 60% to 90% depending on viral load and the phase of infection. This means that a proportion of infected individuals may receive a false negative result. This highlights the importance of considering the clinical context and utilizing other diagnostic methods when necessary.
3.2 Specificity: Specificity refers to the test's ability to correctly identify individuals without the target antigen. The specificity of Abbott BinaxNOW tests for COVID-19 and influenza has generally been high, exceeding 95% in most studies. This signifies a low rate of false positive results.
3.3 Data Supporting Performance Claims: Numerous peer-reviewed publications in journals like the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and the American Journal of Emergency Medicine have reported on the performance of Abbott BinaxNOW tests. These studies provide the empirical data supporting the sensitivity and specificity claims. These publications should be consulted for detailed information on specific test performance metrics.
4. Limitations of the Abbott BinaxNOW Reagent Solution and Associated Tests
While the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution and its corresponding tests offer rapid and convenient point-of-care diagnostics, they have limitations:
Sensitivity limitations: As noted above, the sensitivity is not always perfect, and false negative results are possible, especially during early stages of infection or when viral load is low.
Dependence on proper sample collection and handling: Incorrect sample collection or improper handling can significantly affect test results.
Reagent shelf life: The Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution, like all diagnostic reagents, has a limited shelf life. Adherence to recommended storage conditions is crucial for maintaining test performance.
Potential for cross-reactivity: Although the specificity is generally high, there is a potential for cross-reactivity with other antigens, leading to false positive results in rare cases.
These limitations underscore the importance of proper training for personnel conducting the tests and careful interpretation of results in the context of clinical presentation and epidemiological data.
5. Applications of Abbott BinaxNOW Reagent Solution
The Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution is used in various tests, including:
COVID-19 Antigen Detection: This is currently one of its most prominent applications, enabling rapid screening in various settings, including healthcare facilities, schools, and workplaces.
Influenza A & B Antigen Detection: The platform also allows for rapid differentiation between influenza A and B, aiding in clinical management.
Future applications of the underlying technology and the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution might include detection of other respiratory viruses or even non-respiratory pathogens.
6. Conclusion
The Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution plays a crucial role in the functionality of Abbott's widely used point-of-care diagnostic platform. While offering rapid and convenient antigen detection for crucial pathogens like SARS-CoV-2 and influenza viruses, it's essential to acknowledge its limitations, primarily regarding sensitivity. Proper sample handling, accurate interpretation of results, and consideration of clinical context are crucial for maximizing the benefit and minimizing the risks associated with utilizing the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution in diagnostic testing.
FAQs
1. What is the shelf life of the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution? The shelf life varies depending on the specific test and storage conditions. Refer to the product packaging for details.
2. How is the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution stored? The reagent solution should be stored at the temperature specified on the product label, typically refrigerated.
3. What are the potential side effects of using the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution (in the context of patient use)? The Abbott BinaxNOW test itself does not involve injection or ingestion of the reagent; there are no associated patient side effects.
4. Can the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution be reused? No, the reagent solution is for single use only.
5. How accurate is the Abbott BinaxNOW test for COVID-19? Accuracy varies depending on factors like viral load and the stage of infection. Sensitivity and specificity values are reported in published literature and should be considered when interpreting results.
6. What is the difference between the Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 test and a PCR test? PCR tests are more sensitive but require more time and specialized laboratory equipment. BinaxNOW tests provide rapid results at the point of care.
7. Can the Abbott BinaxNOW test detect all variants of COVID-19? While it detects the nucleocapsid protein, which is generally conserved across variants, the effectiveness might be slightly impacted by certain mutations. The manufacturer provides updates regarding variant detection capabilities.
8. What are the costs associated with using the Abbott BinaxNOW reagent solution and the test? The cost varies depending on the supplier and purchase volume.
9. Where can I buy the Abbott BinaxNOW test and reagent solution? The test kits can be purchased through various authorized distributors and healthcare providers. Consult Abbott's website for information on distributors in your area.
Related Articles:
1. "Performance Characteristics of Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Test in Asymptomatic Individuals": This article focuses on the sensitivity and specificity of the test in asymptomatic populations.
2. "Comparison of Abbott BinaxNOW and other Rapid Antigen Tests for COVID-19": This article compares the performance of BinaxNOW to other rapid antigen tests available on the market.
3. "The Role of Abbott BinaxNOW in Point-of-Care Testing Strategies for COVID-19": This article discusses the role of BinaxNOW within broader COVID-19 testing strategies.
4. "Impact of Sample Handling on the Accuracy of Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Test": This article examines the influence of proper sample collection and handling on test accuracy.
5. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Abbott BinaxNOW for COVID-19 Screening in Workplace Settings": This article analyzes the cost-effectiveness of using BinaxNOW for workplace screening.
6. "Clinical Utility of Abbott BinaxNOW for Influenza A & B Detection": This article focuses on the performance and clinical utility of BinaxNOW for influenza diagnosis.
7. "Evaluating the Shelf Life Stability of Abbott BinaxNOW Reagent Solution under Different Storage Conditions": This article investigates the impact of storage conditions on reagent stability and test performance.
8. "Development and Validation of a Novel Antigen Detection Assay Using Abbott BinaxNOW Platform": This article describes the development and validation process for a new assay using the platform.
9. "Addressing False Negative Results with Abbott BinaxNOW COVID-19 Antigen Test: Strategies for Improved Accuracy": This article provides strategies to improve accuracy and address the issue of false negatives.
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Pediatric Diagnostic Labs for Primary Care: An Evidence-based Approach Rita Marie John, 2022-04-27 This textbook helps nurses, physician assistants, medical students and residents to order appropriate tests and understand how to interpret them to improve their diagnostic reasoning. Children are not like adults, and interpreting of the results of their diagnostic laboratory tests requires knowledge of the biochemical and metabolic differences. Using a combination of information, questions and case studies, the book allows readers to gain an understanding of the key concepts of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values, as well as the indications for diagnostic lab tests. This textbook presents the state of art in testing across body systems and guidance on how to order and interpret diagnostic laboratory tests in pediatric patients. Each chapter includes learning objectives, tables and figures, as well as questions and references for further learning. This textbook provides an update for clinicians and is a valuable learning tool for students and new clinicians. . |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Point-of-care testing Peter Luppa, Ralf Junker, 2018-07-18 The underlying technology and the range of test parameters available are evolving rapidly. The primary advantage of POCT is the convenience of performing the test close to the patient and the speed at which test results can be obtained, compared to sending a sample to a laboratory and waiting for results to be returned. Thus, a series of clinical applications are possible that can shorten the time for clinical decision-making about additional testing or therapy, as delays are no longer caused by preparation of clinical samples, transport, and central laboratory analysis. Tests in a POC format can now be found for many medical disciplines including endocrinology/diabetes, cardiology, nephrology, critical care, fertility, hematology/coagulation, infectious disease and microbiology, and general health screening. Point-of-care testing (POCT) enables health care personnel to perform clinical laboratory testing near the patient. The idea of conventional and POCT laboratory services presiding within a hospital seems contradictory; yet, they are, in fact, complementary: together POCT and central laboratory are important for the optimal functioning of diagnostic processes. They complement each other, provided that a dedicated POCT coordination integrates the quality assurance of POCT into the overall quality management system of the central laboratory. The motivation of the third edition of the POCT book from Luppa/Junker, which is now also available in English, is to explore and describe clinically relevant analytical techniques, organizational concepts for application and future perspectives of POCT. From descriptions of the opportunities that POCT can provide to the limitations that clinician’s must be cautioned about, this book provides an overview of the many aspects that challenge those who choose to implement POCT. Technologies, clinical applications, networking issues and quality regulations are described as well as a survey of future technologies that are on the future horizon. The editors have spent considerable efforts to update the book in general and to highlight the latest developments, e.g., novel POCT applications of nucleic acid testing for the rapid identification of infectious agents. Of particular note is also that a cross-country comparison of POCT quality rules is being described by a team of international experts in this field. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Guidelines on Hepatitis B and C Testing World Health Organization, 2017 Testing and diagnosis of hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection is the gateway for access to both prevention and treatment services, and is a crucial component of an effective response to the hepatitis epidemic. Early identification of persons with chronic HBV or HCV infection enables them to receive the necessary care and treatment to prevent or delay progression of liver disease. Testing also provides an opportunity to link people to interventions to reduce transmission, through counselling on risk behaviors and provision of prevention commodities (such as sterile needles and syringes) and hepatitis B vaccination. These are the first WHO guidelines on testing for chronic HBV and HCV infection and complement published guidance by WHO on the prevention, care and treatment of chronic hepatitis C and hepatitis B infection. These guidelines outline the public health approach to strengthening and expanding current testing practices for HBV and HCV, and are intended for use across age groups and populations. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: User Protocol for Evaluation of Qualitative Test Performance Patricia E. Garrett, Fred D. Lasky, Larry W. Clark, Kristen L. Meier, 2008 |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Immunological Methods in Microbiology , 2020-04-29 Immunological Methods in Microbiology, Volume 47 in the Methods in Microbiology series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on Immunological Techniques in the Clinical laboratory, Immunologic Diagnosis of HIV and Opportunistic Infections, Combining Antigen Detection and Serology for the Diagnosis of Selected Infectious Diseases, Immunologic Detection of Lyme Disease and Related Borrelioses, Immunodetection of Bacteria Causing Brucellosis, Immunological Diagnostic Techniques Used to Identify and Type Pasteurella, Immunological Tests for Diarrhea caused by Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Targeting Their Main Virulence Factors, and much more. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Manual of Clinical Microbiology Karen C. Carroll, Michael A. Pfaller, Marie Louise Landry, Alexander J. McAdam, Robin Patel, Sandra S. Richter, David W. Warnock, 2019-02-01 Manual of Clinical Microbiology Twelfth Edition Revised by a collaborative, international, interdisciplinary team of editors and authors, this edition includes the latest applications of genomics and proteomics and is filled with current findings regarding infectious agents, leading-edge diagnostic methods, laboratory practices, and safety guidelines. This edition also features three new chapters on accreditation, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, and human herpesvirus 8. This seminal reference of microbiology continues to set the standard for state-of-the-science laboratory practice as the most authoritative reference in the field of microbiology. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: BioSensing, Theranostics, and Medical Devices Vivek Borse, Pranjal Chandra, Rohit Srivastava, 2021-12-09 This book provides up-to-date information on the prototypes used to develop medical devices and explains the principles of biosensing and theranostics. It also discusses the development of biosensor and application-orientated design of medical devices. In addition to summarizing the clinical validation of the developed techniques and devices and the regulatory steps involved in their commercialization, the book highlights the latest research and translational technologies toward the development of point-of-care devices in the health care. Lastly, it explores the current opportunities, challenges and provides troubleshooting on the use of biosensors in precision medicine. The book is helpful for researchers and medical professionals working in the field of clinical theranostics, and medical-device development wanting to gain a better understanding into the principles and processes involved in the development of biosensors. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology Yi-Wei Tang, Charles W. Stratton, 2018-11-09 In recent years, advanced molecular techniques in diagnostic microbiology have been revolutionizing the practice of clinical microbiology in the hospital setting. Molecular diagnostic testing in general and nucleic acid-based amplification methods in particular have been heralded as diagnostic tools for the new millennium. This third edition covers not only the most recent updates and advances, but details newly invented omic techniques, such as next generation sequencing. It is divided into two distinct volumes, with Volume 1 describing the techniques, and Volume 2 addressing their applications in the field. In addition, both volumes focus more so on the clinical relevance of the test results generated by these techniques than previous editions. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology Yi-Wei Tang, Charles W. Stratton, 2007-01-16 Clinical microbiologists are engaged in the field of diagnostic microbiology to determine whether pathogenic microorganisms are present in clinical specimens collected from patients with suspected infections. If microorganisms are found, these are identified and susceptibility profiles, when indicated, are determined. During the past two decades, technical advances in the field of diagnostic microbiology have made constant and enormous progress in various areas, including bacteriology, mycology, mycobacteriology, parasitology, and virology. The diagnostic capabilities of modern clinical microbiology laboratories have improved rapidly and have expanded greatly due to a technological revolution in molecular aspects of microbiology and immunology. In particular, rapid techniques for nucleic acid amplification and characterization combined with automation and user-friendly software have significantly broadened the diagnostic arsenal for the clinical microbiologist. The conventional diagnostic model for clinical microbiology has been labor-intensive and frequently required days to weeks before test results were available. Moreover, due to the complexity and length of such testing, this service was usually directed at the hospitalized patient population. The physical structure of laboratories, staffing patterns, workflow, and turnaround time all have been influenced profoundly by these technical advances. Such changes will undoubtedly continue and lead the field of diagnostic microbiology inevitably to a truly modern discipline. Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of advanced methods that have evolved for the diagnosis of infectious diseases in the routine clinical microbiology laboratory. The book is divided into two sections. The first techniques section covers the principles and characteristics of techniques ranging from rapid antigen testing, to advanced antibody detection, to in vitro nucleic acid amplification techniques, and to nucleic acid microarray and mass spectrometry. Sufficient space is assigned to cover different nucleic acid amplification formats that are currently being used widely in the diagnostic microbiology field. Within each technique, examples are given regarding its application in the diagnostic field. Commercial product information, if available, is introduced with commentary in each chapter. If several test formats are available for a technique, objective comparisons are given to illustrate the contrasts of their advantages and disadvantages. The second applications section provides practical examples of application of these advanced techniques in several hot spots in the diagnostic field. A diverse team of authors presents authoritative and comprehensive information on sequence-based bacterial identification, blood and blood product screening, molecular diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases, advances in mycobacterial diagnosis, novel and rapid emerging microorganism detection and genotyping, and future directions in the diagnostic microbiology field. We hope our readers like this technique-based approach and your feedback is highly appreciated. We want to thank the authors who devoted their time and efforts to produce their chapters. We also thank the staff at Springer Press, especially Melissa Ramondetta, who initiated the whole project. Finally, we greatly appreciate the constant encouragement of our family members through this long effort. Without their unwavering faith and full support, we would never have had the courage to commence this project. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Commercial Biosensors and Their Applications Mustafa Kemal Sezgintürk, 2020-06-12 Commercial Biosensors and Their Applications: Clinical, Food, and Beyond offers professionals an in-depth look at some of the most significant applications of commercially available biosensor-based instrumentation in the clinical, food quality control, bioprocess monitoring, and bio threat fields. Featuring contributions by an international team of scientists, this book provides readers with an unparalleled opportunity to see how their colleagues around the world are using these powerful tools. This book is an indispensable addition to the reference libraries of biosensor technologists, analytical chemists, clinical chemists, biochemists, physicians, medical doctors, engineers, and clinical biochemists. The book discusses the need for portable, rapid, and smart biosensing devices and their use as cost-effective, in situ, real-time analytical tools in a variety of fields. - Devotes several chapters to applications of biosensors to clinical samples, exploring how biosensors are currently used for in-home diabetes monitoring, point-of-care diagnostics, non-invasive sensing, and biomedical research - Includes a section on food applications covering how biosensors can detect genetically modified organisms, toxins, allergens, hormones, microorganisms, species-specificity, pesticides, insecticides, and related components - Discusses nanobiosensor and applications, including a chapter on nanotechnological approaches and materials in commercial biosensors |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: The Pandemic Information Gap Joshua Gans, 2020-11-10 Why solving the information problem should be at the core of our pandemic response: essential reading about the long-term implications of our current crisis. COVID-19 is caused by a virus. The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a lack of good information. A pandemic is essentially an information problem: this is the enlightening and provocative idea at the heart of this book. If we solve the information problem, argues economist Joshua Gans, we can defeat the virus. For example, when we don't know who is infected, we have to act as if everyone is infected. If we actively manage the information problem--if we know who is infected and with whom they had contact--we can suppress the virus or buy time for vaccine development. This is an expanded version of an eBook originally published as Economics in the Age of COVID-19. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Advanced Techniques in Diagnostic Microbiology Yi-Wei Tang, Charles W. Stratton, 2018-11-09 In recent years, advanced molecular techniques in diagnostic microbiology have been revolutionizing the practice of clinical microbiology in the hospital setting. Molecular diagnostic testing in general and nucleic acid-based amplification methods in particular have been heralded as diagnostic tools for the new millennium. This third edition covers not only the most recent updates and advances, but details newly invented omic techniques, such as next generation sequencing. It is divided into two distinct volumes, with Volume 1 describing the techniques, and Volume 2 addressing their applications in the field. In addition, both volumes focus more so on the clinical relevance of the test results generated by these techniques than previous editions. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Paper Based Sensors , 2020-06-11 Paper Based Sensors, Volume 89, the latest release in this comprehensive series that gathers the most important issues relating to the design and application of these cost-effective devices used in many industries, including health and environment diagnostics, safety and security, chemistry, optics, electrochemistry, nanoscience and nanotechnologies, presents the latest updates in the field. Chapters in this new release include Exploring paper as a substrate for electrochemical micro-devices, Paper-based sensors for application in biological compound detection, Printed paper-based (bio)sensors: design, fabrication and applications, Paper-based electrochemical sensing devices, Multifarious aspects of electrochemical paper-based (bio)sensors, Paper Based Biosensors for Clinical and Biomedical Applications, and more. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Carotenoids, Volume 3: Biosynthesis and Metabolism G. Britton, S. Liaaen-Jensen, H. Pfander, 1998-10-26 Volume 3 of the Carotenoids series moves into the area of biochemistry & biology, concentrating on how the carotenoid molecules are formed in nature & utilized or modified by living organisms. Animals cannot biosynthesize carotenoids de novo. Dietary carotenoids provide most of the vitamin A that is vital for health & development in humans & other mammals. The formation of vitamin A & the absorption, transport & deposition of carotenoids in tissues in mammals are described, followed by a detailed account of the diverse metabolic reactions by which dietary carotenoids undergo structural & stereochemical changes in birds, fish & invertebrate animals. The relevance of carotenoids for use as markers to trace food chains is also discussed. In keeping with the philosophy of the carotenoid series guidance on the application of some of the most important experimental procedures for studies of biosynthesis & metabolism are given in the final chapter. The information presented & analyzed by expert authors in this volume will serve as a useful reference source, & give valuable guidance on practical strategies & procedures, as a foundation for the exciting advances that can be expected in carotenoid biosynthesis & metabolism in the next few years. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis Z. Marczenko, Maria Balcerzak, 2000-10-18 Spectrophotometry enables one to determine, with good precision and sensitivity, almost all the elements present in small and trace quantities of any material. The method is particularly useful in the determination of non-metals and allows the determination elements in a large range of concentrations (from single % to low ppm levels) in various materials.In Separation, Preconcentration and Spectrophotometry in Inorganic Analysis, much attention has been paid to separation and preconcentration methods, since they play an essential role in increasing the selectivity and sensitivity of spectrophotometric methods. Separation and preconcentration methods have also been utilised in other determination techniques.Spectrophotometric methods which are widely used for the determination of the elements in a large variety of inorganic materials are presented in the book whilst separation and preconcentration procedures combined with spectrophotometry are also described. This book contains recent advances in spectrophotometry, detailed discussion of the instrumentation, and the techniques and reagents used for spectrophotometric determination of elements in a wide range of materials as well as a detailed discussion of separation and preconcentration procedures that precede the spectrophotometric detection. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology Connie R. Mahon, Donald C. Lehman, George Manuselis, 2011 Providing a solid introduction to the essentials of diagnostic microbiology, this accessible, full-color text helps you develop the problem-solving skills necessary for success in the clinical setting. A reader-friendly, building block approach to microbiology moves progressively from basic concepts to advanced understanding, guiding you through the systematic identification of etiologic agents of infectious diseases. Building block approach encourages recall of previously learned information, enhancing your critical and problem solving skills. Case in Point feature introduces case studies at the beginning of each chapter. Issues to Consider encourages you to analyze and comprehend the case in point. Key Terms provide a list of the most important and relevant terms in each chapter. Objectives give a measurable outcome to achieve by completing the material. Points to Remember summarize and help clearly identify key concepts covered in each chapter. Learning assessment questions evaluate how well you have mastered the material. New content addresses bone and joint infections, genital tract infections, and nosocomial infections. Significantly updated chapter includes current information on molecular biology and highlights content on multidrug resistant bacteria. Reorganized chapters accent the most relevant information about viruses and parasites that are also transmissible to humans. Case studies on the Evolve site let you apply the information that you learn to realistic scenarios encountered in the laboratory. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Rapid Detection, Characterization, and Enumeration of Foodborne Pathogens J. Hoorfar, 2011-04-18 Detect foodborne pathogens early and minimize consumer exposure. • Presents the latest guidelines for fast, easy, cost-effective foodborne pathogen detection. • Enables readers to avoid common pitfalls and choose the most effective and efficient method, assemble the necessary resources, and implement the method seamlessly. • Includes first-hand laboratory experience from more than 85 experts from research centers across the globe. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Venomous Christie Wilcox, 2016-08-09 A thrilling tale of encounters with nature’s masters of biochemistry From the coasts of Indonesia to the rainforests of Peru, venomous animals are everywhere—and often lurking out of sight. Humans have feared them for centuries, long considering them the assassins and pariahs of the natural world. Now, in Venomous, the biologist Christie Wilcox investigates and illuminates the animals of our nightmares, arguing that they hold the keys to a deeper understanding of evolution, adaptation, and immunity. She reveals just how venoms function and what they do to the human body. With Wilcox as our guide, we encounter a jellyfish with tentacles covered in stinging cells that can kill humans in minutes; a two-inch caterpillar with toxic bristles that trigger hemorrhaging; and a stunning blue-ringed octopus capable of inducing total paralysis. How do these animals go about their deadly work? How did they develop such intricate, potent toxins? Wilcox takes us around the world and down to the cellular level to find out. Throughout her journey, Wilcox meets the intrepid scientists who risk their lives studying these lethal beasts, as well as “self-immunizers” who deliberately expose themselves to snakebites. Along the way, she puts her own life on the line, narrowly avoiding being envenomated herself. Drawing on her own research, Wilcox explains how venom scientists are untangling the mechanisms of some of our most devastating diseases, and reports on pharmacologists who are already exploiting venoms to produce lifesaving drugs. We discover that venomous creatures are in fact keystone species that play crucial roles in their ecosystems and ours—and for this alone, they ought to be protected and appreciated. Thrilling and surprising at every turn, Venomous will change everything you thought you knew about the planet’s most dangerous animals. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Molecular Methods for Virus Detection Danny L. Wiedbrauk, Daniel H. Farkas, 1995-02-08 Molecular diagnostic procedures have been described in a number of recent books and articles. However, these publications have not focused on virus detection, nor have they provided practical protocols for the newer molecular methods. Written by the inventors or principal developers of these technologies, Molecular Methods for Virus Detection provides both reviews of individual methods and instructions for detecting virus nucleic acid sequences in clinical specimens. Each procedure includes quality assurance protocols that are often ignored by other methodology books. Molecular Methods for Virus Detection provides clinically relevant procedures for many of the newer diagnostic methodologies. - Provides state-of-the-art PCR methods for amplification, quantitation, in situ hybridization, and multiplex reactions - Goes beyond PCR with protocols for 3SR, NASBA, LCR, SDA, and LAT - Covers important virus detection methods such as in situ hybridization; Southern, dot, and slot blots; branched chain signal amplification; and chemiluminescence - Includes quality control information crucial in research and clinical laboratories - Most chapters are written by the inventors and principal developers of the methodologies - Includes color plates, 77 figures, and 18 tables |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Manual of Childhood Infections Mike Sharland, Andrew Cant, E. Graham Davies, David A. C. Elliman, Susanna Esposito, Delane Shingadia, Adam Finn, 2011-04-07 This manual gives information on the causative organisms, epidemiology and clinical features of all important childhood infections. It includes guidance on the clinical management of the infections and on steps to be taken to prevent future cases. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Sensors, Mechanical Sensors Wolfgang Göpel, Joachim Hesse, J. N. Zemel, 2008-11-20 'Sensors' is the first self-contained series to deal with the wholearea of sensors. It describes general aspects, technical andphysical fundamentals, construction, function, applications anddevelopments of the various types of sensors. This volume contains the physical and technical fundamentals ofmechanical sensors, and contains and assesses the various types ofsensors for particular applications. Of interest to engineers,physicists, chemists and others involved in sensor technology. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Nanoplasmonic Sensors Alexandre Dmitriev, 2012-07-31 This book is a compendium of the finest research in nanoplasmonic sensing done around the world in the last decade. It describes basic theoretical considerations of nanoplasmons in the dielectric environment, gives examples of the multitude of applications of nanoplasmonics in biomedical and chemical sensing, and provides an overview of future trends in optical and non-optical nanoplasmonic sensing. Specifically, readers are guided through both the fundamentals and the latest research in the two major fields nanoplasmonic sensing is applied to – bio- and chemo-sensing – then given the state-of-the-art recipes used in nanoplasmonic sensing research. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Serpin Structure and Evolution James Whisstock, Phillip Bird, 2011-11-16 Serpins are a group of proteins with similar structures that were first identified as a set of proteins able to inhibit proteases. This volume in the Methods in Enzymology series comprehensively covers this topic. With an international board of authors, this volume covers subjects such as Crystallography of serpins and serpin complexes, Serpins as hormone transporters, and Production of serpins using cell free systems. This volume in the Methods in Enzymology series comprehensively covers the topic of serpins With an international board of authors, this volume covers subjects such as Crystallography of serpins and serpin complexes, Serpins as hormone transporters, and Production of serpins using cell free systems |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: CRISPR-Cas Enzymes , 2019-01-25 CRISPR-Cas Enzymes, Volume 616, the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series, continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. Topics covered in this release include CRISPR bioinformatics, A method for one-step assembly of Class 2 CRISPR arrays, Biochemical reconstitution and structural analysis of ribonucleoprotein complexes in Type I-E CRISPR-Cas systems, Mechanistic dissection of the CRISPR interference pathway in Type I-E CRISPR-Cas system, Site-specific fluorescent labeling of individual proteins within CRISPR complexes, Fluorescence-based methods for measuring target interference by CRISPR-Cas systems, Native State Structural Characterization of CRISRP Associated Complexes using Mass Spectrometry, and more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Methods in Enzymology series - Updated release includes the latest information on the CRISPR-Cas Enzymes |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Nucleic Acid Amplification Technologies Helen H. Lee, Stephen A. Morse, Ørjan Olsvik, 1997-07-15 Providing current information and guidance on the uses of various nucleic acid amplification technologies for clinical laboratory diagnosis, this book goes beyond the Polymerase Chain Reaction to explore a broader range of important alternative DNA/RNA amplification methods including the Ligase Chain Reaction, Q[beta] Replicase Assays and TMA. There are many examples of specific applications of these technologies, discussions of yet unresolved issues and demonstrations of the relevance of these technologies to medical research and disease diagnostics. Individual chapters cover uses of these methods in clinical situations such as detection of food pathogens, viral infections, STDs, Mycobacteria drug resistance mutations, and heritable diseases. Automation, diagnostic test evaluation, and the synthesis of artificial DNA are also discussed. This book is designed for all biomedical scientists interested in the application of molecular biology to clinical diagnosis. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Laboratory Methods in Microfluidics Basant Giri, 2017-05-15 Laboratory Methods in Microfluidics features a range of lab methods and techniques necessary to fully understand microfluidic technology applications. Microfluidics deals with the manipulation of small volumes of fluids at sub-millimeter scale domain channels. This exciting new field is becoming an increasingly popular subject both for research and education in various disciplines of science, including chemistry, chemical engineering and environmental science. The unique properties of microfluidic technologies, such as rapid sample processing and precise control of fluids in assay have made them attractive candidates to replace traditional experimental approaches. Practical for students, instructors, and researchers, this book provides a much-needed, comprehensive new laboratory reference in this rapidly growing and exciting new field of research. - Provides a number of detailed methods and instructions for experiments in microfluidics - Features an appendix that highlights several standard laboratory techniques, including reagent preparation plus a list of materials vendors for quick reference - Authored by a microfluidics expert with nearly a decade of research on the subject |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Mechanical Sciences Uday S. Dixit, Santosha Kumar Dwivedy, 2021 This book consists of review articles by experts on recent developments in mechanical engineering sciences. The book has been composed to commemorate the Silver Jubilee of the Mechanical Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati. It includes articles on modern mechanical sciences subjects of advanced simulation techniques and molecular dynamics, microfluidics and microfluidic devices, energy systems, intelligent fabrication, microscale manufacturing, smart materials, computational techniques, robotics and their allied fields. It presents the upcoming and emerging areas in mechanical sciences which will help in formulation of new courses and updating existing curricula. This book will help the academicians and policy makers in the field of engineering education to chart out the desired path for the development of technical education. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Markell & Voge's Medical Parasitology EBook - 10th Sea Ed David T. John, William A. Petri, 2020-07-23 Markell & Voge's Medical Parasitology ebook - 10th SEA ed |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Membrane Dynamics and Domains Peter J. Quinn, 2004-07-02 The fluid-mosaic model of membrane structure formulated by Singer and Nicolson in the early 1970s has proven to be a durable concept in terms of the principles governing the organization of the constituent lipids and proteins. During the past 30 or so years a great deal of information has accumulated on the composition of various cell membranes and how this is related to the dif ferent functions that membranes perform. Nevertheless, the task of explaining particular functions at the molecular level has been hampered by lack of struc tural detail at the atomic level. The reason for this is primarily the difficulty of crystallizing membrane proteins which require strategies that differ from those used to crystallize soluble proteins. The unique exception is bacteriorhodopsin of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium which is interpolated into a membrane that is neither fluid nor in a mosaic configuration. To date only 50 or so membrane proteins have been characterised to atomic resolution by diffraction methods, in contrast to the vast data accumulated on soluble proteins. Another factor that has been difficult to explain is the reason why the lipid compliment of membranes is often extremely complex. Many hundreds of different molecular species of lipid can be identified in some membranes. Remarkably, the particular composition of each membrane appears to be main tained within relatively narrow limits and its identity distinguished from other morphologically-distinct membranes. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Micro- and Nanotechnology Enabled Applications for Portable Miniaturized Analytical Systems Sabu Thomas, Mazaher Ahmadi, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Abbas Afkhami, Tayyebeh Madrakian, 2021-10-10 Micro- and Nanotechnology Enabled Applications for Portable Miniaturized Analytical Systems outlines the basic principles of miniaturized analytical devices, such as spectrometric, separation, imaging and electrochemical miniaturized instruments. Concepts such as smartphone-enabled miniaturized detection systems and micro/nanomachines are also reviewed. Subsequent chapters explore the emerging application of these mobile devices for miniaturized analysis in various fields, including medicine and biomedicine, environmental chemistry, food chemistry, and forensic chemistry. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers wanting to understand how miniaturization techniques are being used to create a range of efficient, sustainable electronic and optical devices. Miniaturization describes the concept of manufacturing increasingly smaller mechanical, optical, and electronic products and devices. These smaller instruments can be used to produce micro- and nanoscale components required for analytical procedures. A variety of micro/nanoscale materials have been synthesized and used in analytical procedures, such as sensing materials, sorbents, adsorbents, catalysts, and reactors. The miniaturization of analytical instruments can be applied to the different steps of analytical procedures, such as sample preparation, analytical separation, and detection, reducing the total cost of manufacturing the instruments and the needed reagents and organic solvents. Outlines how miniaturization techniques can be used to create new optical and electronic micro- and nanodevices Explores major application areas, including biomedicine, environmental science and security Assesses the major challenges of using miniaturization techniques |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: The Defense Production Act of 1950, as Amended United States, 1955 |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Handbook of Immunoassay Technologies Sandeep K. Vashist, John H.T. Luong, 2018-01-02 Handbook of Immunoassay Technologies: Approaches, Performances, and Applications unravels the role of immunoassays in the biochemical sciences. During the last four decades, a wide range of immunoassays has been developed, ranging from the conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, to the smartphone-based point-of-care formats. The advances in rapid biochemical procedures, novel biosensing schemes, fully integrated lab-on-a-chip platforms, prolonged biomolecular storage strategies, device miniaturization and interfacing, and emerging smart system technologies equipped with personalized mobile healthcare tools are paving the way to next-generation immunoassays, and are all discussed in this comprehensive text. Immunoassays play a prominent role in clinical diagnostics as they are the eyes of healthcare professionals, helping them make informed clinical decisions via confirmed disease diagnosis, and thus enabling favorable health outcomes. The faster and reliable diagnosis of infections will further control their spread to uninfected persons. Similarly, immunoassays play a prominent role in veterinary diagnostics, food analysis, environmental monitoring, defense and security, and other bioanalytical settings. Therefore, they enable the detection of a plethora of analytes, which includes disease biomarkers, pathogens, drug impurities, environmental contaminants, allergens, food adulterants, drugs of abuse and various biomolecules. - Provides a valuable increase of understanding of cellular and biomedical functions - Gives the most updated resource in the field of immunoassays, providing the comprehensive details of various types of immunoassays that need to be performed in healthcare, and in industrial, environmental and other biochemical settings - Discusses all multifarious aspects of immunoassays - Describes the immunoassay formats, along with their principle of operation, characteristics, pros and cons, and potential biochemical and bioanalytical applications - Provides extensive knowledge and guided insights as detailed by experienced, renowned experts and key opinion makers in the field of immunoassays |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: CRISPR-Cas Systems Rodolphe Barrangou, John van der Oost, 2012-12-13 CRISPR/Cas is a recently described defense system that protects bacteria and archaea against invasion by mobile genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids. A wide spectrum of distinct CRISPR/Cas systems has been identified in at least half of the available prokaryotic genomes. On-going structural and functional analyses have resulted in a far greater insight into the functions and possible applications of these systems, although many secrets remain to be discovered. In this book, experts summarize the state of the art in this exciting field. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: A-Z of Quantitative PCR Stephen A. Bustin, 2004 This book is a comprehensive manual to allow both the novice researcher and the expert to set up and carry out quantitative PCR assays from scratch. However, this book also sets out to explain as many features of qPCR as possible, provide alternative viewpoints, methods, and aims to simulate the researchers into generating, interpreting, and publishing data that are reproducible, reliable, and biologically meaningful |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Group A Streptococcus Thomas Proft, Jacelyn M. S. Loh, 2021-06-03 This volume details Group A Streptococcus (GAS) research and provides the reader with an extensive collection of research protocols within this important field. Chapters guide readers through standard genetic protocols such as whole genome sequencing, transcriptome analyses, proteome analysis, application of GAS-derived molecular tools, and methods that are crucial for the evaluation of novel GAS vaccines and GAS virulence factors, including bactericidal assays and animal infection models. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Group A Streptococcus: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Compendium of Innovative Health Technologies for Low-resource Settings World Health Organization, 2014 One of the cornerstones of the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) initiative is access to essential medicines and health technologies. Medical devices, assistive devices and eHealth solutions are important components of health technology which have the potential to save lives and improve quality of life and well-being. However, too many people worldwide suffer because they don't have access to high quality, affordable health technology with the problem being more acute in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of the compendium series of innovative medical devices, assistive devices and eHealth solutions is to provide a neutral platform for technologies which are likely to be suitable for use in less resourced settings. It presents a snapshot of several health technologies which might have the potential to improve health outcomes and the quality of life, or to offer a solution to an unmet medical/health technology need. It is released to acknowledge some success stories and at the same time, to raise awareness of the pressing need for appropriate and affordable design solutions and to encourage more innovative efforts in the field. This effort also encourages greater interaction among ministries of health, procurement officers, donors, technology developers, manufacturers, clinicians, academics and the general public to ensure greater investment in health technology and to move towards universal access to essential health technologies. All submissions to the Call for innovative health technologies for low-resource settings underwent an evaluation process; technologies were assessed by an expert panel based on the material and evidence provided by the applicant as well as publicly available information. In 2013, unlike previous years, inclusion in the Compendium for medical devices was restricted to commercialized products with regulatory approval. Note that for a selected technology, the inclusion in the compendium does not constitute a warranty for fitness of the technology for a particular purpose. All innovative solutions in the compendium are presented in one page summarizing the health problem addressed, the proposed solution and product specifications, based on data, information, and images provided by the developers of the technologies concerned. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Clinical Chemistry Michael L. Bishop, Janet L. Duben-Engelkirk, Edward P. Fody, 2000 Written in a concise, readable style, the Fourth Edition of this leadi ng text continues to set the standard in the constantly evolving field of clinical chemistry. Completely revised and updated, this text refl ects the latest developments in clinical chemistry. Recent advances in quality assurance, PCR and laboratory automation receive full coverag e. The immunochemistry chapter has been expanded to reflect the latest technological advances, and two entirely new chapters on cardiac func tion and point of care testing have been added. Chapters have been com bined and restructured to match the changes that have occurred in the clinical laboratory. Plus, the contributors continue to be the leaders in the field of clinical chemistry. Other text features include outli nes, objectives, case studies, practice questions and exercises, a glo ssary and more. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Earth Day Melissa Ferguson, 2021-10-28 Earth Day celebrates our beautiful planet and calls us to act on its behalf. Some people spend the day planting flowers or trees. Others organize neighborhood clean-ups, go on nature walks or make recycled crafts. Readers will discover how a shared holiday can have multiple traditions and be celebrated in all sorts of ways. |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Clinical Tropical Medicine Kevin M. Cahill, 1972 |
| abbott binaxnow reagent solution: Steal this Urine Test Abbie Hoffman, Jonathan Silvers, 1987 From America's most visible, most devoted rebel--ammunition galore to combat an insidious, insulting threat to the rights of all Americans. A satirical, yet serious, response to mandatory drug testing in the workplace. Black-and-white cartoons. |
Addison County Vermont Biograp - Genealogy.com
Aug 8, 2004 · ABBOTT, GEORGE W., Middlebury, was born in Bristol, Addison county, Vt., on May 18, 1832. His parents were Aretus and Miranda (Cobb) Abbott. Aretus Abbott was born in …
Re: Children of John ABBOTT (1 - Genealogy.com
Feb 22, 2007 · 2 Rebecca ABBOTT b: 1787/1788 + Joseph (Or Joshua) SHORT >>>>> 2 George ABBOTT b: 1789/1790 + Nancy NOBLE 3 Ezekeal ABBOTT + Sarah HODGES b: Abt 1843 3 …
McCauley Family Blount County - Genealogy.com
Jun 20, 2011 · McCauley Family Blount County Tennessee By Richard Simerly June 20, 2011 at 07:34:10. I have spent 35 years working on the McCauley family.
Capt. Anthony Dawson m. Rebecc - Genealogy.com
Dec 27, 1999 · William Dawson, fa of Anthony, made a will Dec 19, 1666, prob Jul 21, 1668 (MD Will Bk 1:327) in which he named his sons Anthony & Wm Jr.; his daus Jane & Joice Dawson; …
Ulysses S. Lott and Effie Dale - Genealogy.com
Jul 4, 2007 · 5.MILDRED M4 LOTT (ULYSSES S.3, GEORGE RICHARD2, JESSE1) was born Abt. 1923 in Cullman County, Alabama.She married LIVING ABBOTT, son of CHARLES …
Lyndon-J-Adams - User Trees - Genealogy.com
Family Tree Maker user home page for Lyndon-J-Adams.
James Hancock Kay family line - Genealogy.com
Oct 30, 2001 · **Thomas Eastoe Abbott disappeared in the late 1880's - no info on him from that time. - also I cannot find any birth record for Arthur!-----Winifred Rycroft Abbott m Albert Ernest …
Noble family of Rome GA and An - Genealogy.com
Jan 6, 2004 · His wife Alwera Sarah Abbott Noble was born Feb 8 1834 London England and died Dec 1, 1917 Anniston AL. Their children were: William Ward Noble Eliza Alwera Noble spouse …
Descendants of James L. Boggs - Genealogy.com
Jan 9, 2006 · Boggs: Dawn Abbott, I have about 4 or 5 generations p... Read more on Genealogy.com! FORUM ARTICLES SEARCH.
McGhees of Monroe Co., WV - Genealogy.com
Jan 21, 2000 · McGhees of Monroe Co., WV By genealogy.com user January 21, 2000 at 10:31:19. John McGhee ca. 1780-1841 m. Sarah Harvey
Addison County Vermont Biograp - Genealogy.com
Aug 8, 2004 · ABBOTT, GEORGE W., Middlebury, was born in Bristol, Addison county, Vt., on May 18, 1832. His parents were Aretus and Miranda (Cobb) Abbott. Aretus Abbott was born in …
Re: Children of John ABBOTT (1 - Genealogy.com
Feb 22, 2007 · 2 Rebecca ABBOTT b: 1787/1788 + Joseph (Or Joshua) SHORT >>>>> 2 George ABBOTT b: 1789/1790 + Nancy NOBLE 3 Ezekeal ABBOTT + Sarah HODGES b: Abt 1843 3 …
McCauley Family Blount County - Genealogy.com
Jun 20, 2011 · McCauley Family Blount County Tennessee By Richard Simerly June 20, 2011 at 07:34:10. I have spent 35 years working on the McCauley family.
Capt. Anthony Dawson m. Rebecc - Genealogy.com
Dec 27, 1999 · William Dawson, fa of Anthony, made a will Dec 19, 1666, prob Jul 21, 1668 (MD Will Bk 1:327) in which he named his sons Anthony & Wm Jr.; his daus Jane & Joice Dawson; …
Ulysses S. Lott and Effie Dale - Genealogy.com
Jul 4, 2007 · 5.MILDRED M4 LOTT (ULYSSES S.3, GEORGE RICHARD2, JESSE1) was born Abt. 1923 in Cullman County, Alabama.She married LIVING ABBOTT, son of CHARLES …
Lyndon-J-Adams - User Trees - Genealogy.com
Family Tree Maker user home page for Lyndon-J-Adams.
James Hancock Kay family line - Genealogy.com
Oct 30, 2001 · **Thomas Eastoe Abbott disappeared in the late 1880's - no info on him from that time. - also I cannot find any birth record for Arthur!-----Winifred Rycroft Abbott m Albert Ernest …
Noble family of Rome GA and An - Genealogy.com
Jan 6, 2004 · His wife Alwera Sarah Abbott Noble was born Feb 8 1834 London England and died Dec 1, 1917 Anniston AL. Their children were: William Ward Noble Eliza Alwera Noble spouse …
Descendants of James L. Boggs - Genealogy.com
Jan 9, 2006 · Boggs: Dawn Abbott, I have about 4 or 5 generations p... Read more on Genealogy.com! FORUM ARTICLES SEARCH.
McGhees of Monroe Co., WV - Genealogy.com
Jan 21, 2000 · McGhees of Monroe Co., WV By genealogy.com user January 21, 2000 at 10:31:19. John McGhee ca. 1780-1841 m. Sarah Harvey
