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AAC Goals for Functional Communication: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Emily Carter, PhD, CCC-SLP. Dr. Carter is a licensed and certified Speech-Language Pathologist with over 15 years of experience working with individuals using Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) systems. She has extensive experience in developing and implementing individualized AAC goals and has published numerous articles on the topic.
Publisher: The National Center for Augmentative Communication (NCAC). The NCAC is a leading non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the field of AAC, providing resources and support for professionals and families.
Editor: Sarah Miller, MA, CCC-SLP. Sarah Miller is a speech-language pathologist with 10 years of experience specializing in AAC intervention for children and adults with complex communication needs.
Keywords: aac goals for functional communication, functional communication, augmentative and alternative communication, aac intervention, communication goals, aac assessment, aac strategies, aac devices, individualized aac goals, best practices aac
Summary: This guide provides a comprehensive overview of establishing effective AAC goals for functional communication. It addresses best practices, including person-centered planning, assessment strategies, and goal writing techniques. The guide also highlights common pitfalls to avoid, emphasizing the importance of collaborative goal setting and ongoing assessment to ensure successful communication outcomes. Specific examples and practical strategies are provided to support clinicians in developing meaningful and achievable AAC goals that promote functional communication in diverse settings.
1. Understanding Functional Communication and its Relevance to AAC Goals
Functional communication refers to the ability to effectively communicate one's needs, wants, and ideas in real-life situations. Setting aac goals for functional communication means focusing on goals that directly impact an individual's ability to participate meaningfully in their daily life. This is in contrast to solely focusing on technical skills, such as mastering a specific AAC device or vocabulary. For example, an effective aac goal for functional communication might be: "To independently request assistance using their AAC device during mealtimes in three out of five trials." This goal is functional because it addresses a real-life need and is measurable.
2. Person-Centered Planning: The Foundation of Effective AAC Goals
The cornerstone of successful aac goals for functional communication is person-centered planning. This collaborative process involves the individual using AAC, their family, caregivers, educators, and the speech-language pathologist. It emphasizes understanding the individual's communication strengths, weaknesses, preferences, and priorities. What are their communication needs across different environments (home, school, community)? What are their interests and aspirations? Understanding these aspects allows for the development of personalized aac goals that are both motivating and relevant.
3. Assessment: Informing Effective AAC Goals
Comprehensive assessment is crucial for establishing effective aac goals for functional communication. This assessment should involve multiple methods, including observation in natural settings, standardized assessments of communication skills, and consideration of the individual's cognitive and physical abilities. The assessment process informs the selection of appropriate AAC strategies and devices, and provides the basis for creating realistic and achievable goals.
4. Writing Measurable and Achievable AAC Goals
Well-written aac goals for functional communication follow the SMART framework: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound. For example, instead of a vague goal like "Improve communication," a SMART goal might be: "Independently initiate communication using their AAC device to request a drink during snack time in 4 out of 5 opportunities within one month." This goal clearly defines the behavior (initiating communication), the method (AAC device), the context (snack time), the criteria for success (4 out of 5), and the timeframe (one month).
5. Common Pitfalls to Avoid When Setting AAC Goals
Several common pitfalls can hinder the effectiveness of aac goals for functional communication. These include:
Focusing solely on device skills: Mastering the device is important, but the ultimate goal is functional communication.
Setting goals that are too ambitious or unrealistic: Goals need to be challenging but achievable.
Failing to consider the individual's context and environment: Goals should be relevant to the person's daily life.
Lack of collaboration: Effective goals require input from all relevant stakeholders.
Insufficient monitoring and progress tracking: Regular monitoring is crucial to ensure goals are effective and adjustments can be made.
6. Strategies for Promoting Functional Communication with AAC
Several strategies can facilitate functional communication using AAC:
Environmental modifications: Adapting the environment to support communication.
Communication partner training: Educating communication partners on how to interact effectively with the individual using AAC.
Modeling and prompting: Demonstrating and guiding the individual's communication attempts.
Strategy instruction: Teaching specific communication strategies such as requesting, commenting, and rejecting.
Choice-making opportunities: Providing opportunities for the individual to make choices and express preferences.
7. Integrating AAC Goals Across Settings
Consistency is key. AAC goals should be integrated across all settings – home, school, community – to promote generalization and functional communication in diverse contexts. Collaboration among professionals and caregivers is critical for ensuring this consistency.
8. Ongoing Assessment and Goal Adjustment
The process of setting aac goals for functional communication is iterative. Regular monitoring and assessment are vital to track progress, identify challenges, and adjust goals as needed. This ensures the individual's needs are continually met and progress continues.
9. Celebrating Successes and Maintaining Motivation
Acknowledging and celebrating successes is crucial for maintaining motivation and fostering a positive learning environment. This can involve highlighting achievements, rewarding progress, and providing positive reinforcement.
Conclusion:
Developing effective aac goals for functional communication requires a comprehensive, person-centered approach. By carefully considering the individual's needs, preferences, and context, and by employing the strategies outlined in this guide, clinicians and caregivers can empower individuals to communicate effectively and participate fully in their lives. Collaboration, regular assessment, and a focus on functional outcomes are essential for achieving successful communication outcomes.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between functional and non-functional AAC goals? Functional goals focus on real-life communication needs, while non-functional goals might emphasize technical skills without considering their impact on daily life.
2. How often should AAC goals be reviewed and adjusted? Goals should be reviewed and adjusted regularly, at least every 3 months, or more frequently as needed based on progress.
3. What if the individual using AAC doesn't seem motivated to use their device? Explore the reasons for lack of motivation. It may be due to the device, the goals, or the communication partners. Adjust the approach to be more motivating.
4. How can I involve family members in the goal-setting process? Schedule meetings with family, involve them in assessment, and encourage their input on priorities and preferences.
5. What are some examples of measurable outcomes for AAC goals? Examples include: "Independently request help using AAC in 80% of opportunities," or "Initiate communication using AAC to share information about a preferred activity in 5 out of 5 opportunities."
6. How can I address challenges with communication partners who are not familiar with AAC? Provide training and education to communication partners on effective strategies for interacting with the individual using AAC.
7. What types of AAC devices are best for achieving functional communication goals? The best device depends on the individual's needs and abilities. A comprehensive assessment is necessary to determine the appropriate device.
8. How can I ensure AAC goals are appropriate for individuals with different cognitive abilities? Tailor the goals to the individual's cognitive abilities and adjust the complexity of the communication tasks accordingly.
9. What resources are available to support the implementation of AAC goals? Numerous resources are available, including professional organizations, online communities, and books dedicated to AAC intervention. Consult with your local AAC team for recommendations.
Related Articles:
1. "Selecting Appropriate AAC Systems Based on Individual Needs": This article explores the various types of AAC systems and how to choose the best fit for individuals with diverse communication needs.
2. "Strategies for Partner-Assisted Communication with AAC Users": This article outlines effective strategies for communication partners to support successful communication with AAC users.
3. "Addressing Challenging Behaviors Associated with AAC Implementation": This article explores common challenges related to AAC use and provides strategies for addressing these.
4. "The Role of Family Involvement in Successful AAC Intervention": This article highlights the importance of family involvement in AAC intervention and provides tips for effective collaboration.
5. "Measuring Outcomes in AAC Intervention: A Practical Guide": This article provides a practical guide on how to measure progress and outcomes in AAC intervention.
6. "Integrating AAC into Educational Settings: A Comprehensive Approach": This article focuses on the integration of AAC into educational settings, providing strategies for success.
7. "AAC for Individuals with Aphasia: Strategies for Functional Communication": This article specifically addresses AAC use for individuals with aphasia.
8. "Developing Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Goals for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder": This article focuses on developing AAC goals for children with Autism.
9. "Technology-Assisted Communication: Utilizing Apps and Software for AAC": This article explores the use of various apps and software to enhance AAC communication.
| aac goals for functional communication: The Adult Speech Therapy Workbook Chung Hwa Brewer, 2021-04 THE ADULT SPEECH THERAPY WORKBOOK is your go-to resource for handouts and worksheets. It was designed for speech therapists new to adult speech therapy and covers the most common diagnoses and disorders across all adult speech therapy settings, from hospitals, to skilled nursing facilities, to home health. This workbook is packed with over 580 pages of practical, evidenced-based treatment material. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative and Alternative Communication David R. Beukelman, Pat Mirenda, 2012 The fourth edition of the foundational, widely adopted AAC textbook Augmentative and Alternative Communication is the definitive introduction to AAC processes, interventions, and technologies that help people best meet their daily communication needs. Future teachers, SLPs, OTs, PTs, and other professionals will prepare for their work in the field with critical new information on advancing literacy skills; conducting effective, culturally appropriate assessment and intervention; selecting AAC vocabulary tailored to individual needs; using new consumer technologies as affordable, nonstigmatizing communication devices; promoting social competence supporting language learning and development; providing effective support to beginning communicators; planning inclusive education services for students with complex communication needs; and improving the communication of people with specific developmental disabilities and acquired disabilities. An essential core text for tomorrow's professionals--and a key reference for in-service practitioners--this fourth edition prepares readers to support the communicative competence of children and adults with a wide range of complex needs. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative & Alternative Communication Profile Tracy M. Kovach, 2009 Manual and forms for quality performance measures in speech-language therapy for children and as well as adults who do not have acquired communication disorders. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Fundamentals of AAC Nerissa Hall, Jenifer Juengling-Sudkamp, Michelle L. Gutmann, Ellen R. Cohn, 2022-03-11 Fundamentals of AAC: A Case-Based Approach to Enhancing Communication is a course-friendly textbook designed to walk readers through the theoretical and clinical underpinnings of assessment, intervention, and consultation for individuals with complex communication needs across the lifespan. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) encompasses a variety of communication methods and is used by those with a wide range of speech and language impairments. With a consistent framework and descriptive case studies, as well as input from various stakeholders, readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the needs of persons who use AAC and how to provide them with ethically and culturally considerate support. Unlike other texts on this topic, this book empowers the reader to visualize AAC in action. Each chapter offers evidence-based information about the topic along with a case study. The case studies combined with short essays from various stakeholders illustrate the variety of ways in which AAC can enhance an individual’s connection with their communication partners and community, and the role of the speech-language pathologist as integral to this process. Intended to easily translate into a 6-, 8-, or 13-week semester course, this textbook is divided into seven distinct sections: Section I provides an overview of AAC, no-tech, mid-tech, and high-tech AAC systems, as well as mobile technology and advancing technology. Section II discusses cultural and linguistic responsivity and how this underlies AAC systems and services. Section III reviews AAC assessment, intervention and implementation for toddlers, preschoolers, and school-aged individuals, along with goal-writing and data collection. Section IV covers assessment, intervention, and implementation for young adults and adults needing AAC. Section V offers the reader detailed information and rich examples of the application of AAC for persons with developmental disabilities. Section VI provides the theoretical foundation and exemplar case studies of AAC for persons with acquired disabilities. Section VII details consultation and training for various stakeholders, as well as tele-AAC services. Key Features: * Overviews with key terms set the stage for each section * 36 case studies with questions and visuals to clearly depict each case * Boxes with practical tips and expert advice |
| aac goals for functional communication: SmiLE Therapy Karin Schamroth, Emma Lawlor, 2017-07-05 Students with communication difficulties need skills to communicate functionally in everyday situations, without the usual support and protection from home and school. This is a approach to preparing, running and evaluating Smile Therapy, with photocopiable resources. |
| aac goals for functional communication: The Pragmatics Profile of Everyday Communication Skills in Children Hazel Dewart, Susie Summers, 1995 |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention , 1993 |
| aac goals for functional communication: The MIT Encyclopedia of Communication Disorders Raymond D. Kent, 2004 A major new reference work with entries covering the entire field of communication and speech disorders. |
| aac goals for functional communication: AAC and Aided Language in the Classroom Katy Leckenby, Meaghan Ebbage-Taylor, 2024-08-27 Have you got learners in your class who have Speech, Language, and Communication Needs (SLCNs) who would benefit from resources to support their communication skills, such as using Aided Language/ Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)? This empowering book is designed with these questions at its heart. Written in an accessible style, by teachers for teachers, it offers guidance and support to help you to overcome barriers and successfully implement AAC. The book: Addresses myths and misconceptions, with discussion points to encourage the reader to reflect on their own practice. Shares the current evidence base around successful support strategies. Includes easy to implement, practical strategies that can be adopted in any classroom to have maximum impact and enhance learners’ communication skills. Contains a wealth of relatable, real-life examples and case studies included throughout, to bring theory to life and help you deliver effective classroom practice and support your learners with SLCN. Clearly outlines the variety of different assistive technologies available for facilitating communication. Providing readers with a range of useful tools and resources to implement Aided Language/AAC, AAC and Aided Language in the Classroom builds practitioners’ confidence and enables educators to provide a universal level of support for learners with SLCN. It is valuable reading for school leaders, SENCOs, teachers, and learning support assistants, as well as speech and language therapists supporting educators with the implementation of Aided Language/ AAC. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Assistive Technology and Universal Design for Learning Kim K. Floyd, Tara Jeffs, Kathleen S. Puckett, Assistive Technology and Universal Design for Learning: Toolkits for Inclusive Instruction is an innovative textbook on instructional and assistive technology. Designed for both undergraduate and graduate teaching programs, student readers can expect to gain a thorough understanding of how assistive technology and UDL can be integrated into educational settings. This text delves into data analytics platforms for analyzing student behavior, learning management systems for facilitating communication, and software emphasizing UDL. Students will learn how to create accessible environments and systems while also focusing on multiple means of representation, engagement, and expression to accommodate all learners. With a developmental focus that supports learners across intellectual, sensory, and motor challenges, this text will serve as a valuable guide on how these technologies can be utilized to effectively transform the classroom and revolutionize education. Key Features: * Infuses assistive technology and UDL * Includes a unique chapter on distance education, behavior, and emerging technologies * Has a developmental focus that supports learners across intellectual, sensory, and motor challenges * Toolkits that include resources, strategies, and instructional methods to equip readers to foster an inclusive classroom environment across content areas * Learning Outcomes at the beginning of each chapter to provide clear direction for navigating the content * Chapter summaries that support understanding of key concepts * Chapter activities that support integrating technology within the curriculum * Glossary with definitions of key terminology use |
| aac goals for functional communication: Exemplary Practices for Beginning Communicators Joe Reichle, David R. Beukelman, Janice Catherine Light, 2002 US, Canadian, and Irish specialists in augmentative and alternative communications (AAC) in a number of fields offer advice to practitioners on developing communication with people suffering from congenital disabilities for whom normal vocal speech is impossible or difficult. They emphasize the impo |
| aac goals for functional communication: Life Care Planning and Case Management Handbook Subrata Ghatak, 2009-09-21 Life Care Planning is an advanced collaborative practice concerned with coordinating, accessing, evaluating, and monitoring necessary services for individuals with significant medical adversity. This handbook provides a comprehensive resource for all people involved with catastrophic impairments who need to solve complex medical care problems. Upda |
| aac goals for functional communication: The Promise of Assistive Technology to Enhance Activity and Work Participation National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Care Services, Committee on the Use of Selected Assistive Products and Technologies in Eliminating or Reducing the Effects of Impairments, 2017-09-01 The U.S. Census Bureau has reported that 56.7 million Americans had some type of disability in 2010, which represents 18.7 percent of the civilian noninstitutionalized population included in the 2010 Survey of Income and Program Participation. The U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) provides disability benefits through the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. As of December 2015, approximately 11 million individuals were SSDI beneficiaries, and about 8 million were SSI beneficiaries. SSA currently considers assistive devices in the nonmedical and medical areas of its program guidelines. During determinations of substantial gainful activity and income eligibility for SSI benefits, the reasonable cost of items, devices, or services applicants need to enable them to work with their impairment is subtracted from eligible earnings, even if those items or services are used for activities of daily living in addition to work. In addition, SSA considers assistive devices in its medical disability determination process and assessment of work capacity. The Promise of Assistive Technology to Enhance Activity and Work Participation provides an analysis of selected assistive products and technologies, including wheeled and seated mobility devices, upper-extremity prostheses, and products and technologies selected by the committee that pertain to hearing and to communication and speech in adults. |
| aac goals for functional communication: AAC for All Mollie G. Mindel, Jeeva John, 2021-09-10 Within the field of speech language pathology, there is a growing awareness of the need to adapt our services to better serve a diverse population. AAC for All: Culturally and Linguistically Responsive Practices is designed to serve as a resource for practicing speech language pathologists and augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) specialists working with culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) populations. Written in an easily accessible style, this text walks the clinician through the process of supporting this particular population and includes tips and resources for easy implementation. Unlike other books on AAC topics, this book directly focuses on the unique needs of CLD students with complex communication needs. By highlighting important considerations and practical steps rooted in evidence-based practice (EBP), this unique resource ensures the AAC provider is meeting the needs of all their students regardless of their backgrounds. The text encompasses every stage of supporting CLD students and their families along their communication journey, including the clinician’s preliminary steps of reflection upon the interplay of culture and language, and differences in attitudes towards disability and AAC. With this understanding, the authors guide the reader through practical, yet culturally responsive assessments and interventions strategies that can be adapted to meet the needs of any student who uses AAC. Key Features: * More than 50 illustrations and graphs to help clarify and expand on key concepts covered throughout the text; enabling readers to more easily understand and apply complex material. * Use of highly readable excerpts throughout the book in the form of Explorations of key terms, Perspectives & Insights describing real life professional experiences from the authors, and TIPS (To Implement Proper Strategies) to guide the reader through practical intervention recommendations. * A clinician-friendly writing style that will have this book repeatedly reached for as it guides the reader through their learning and clinical practice. Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Engagement and Participation Erna Alant, 2016-12-30 Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Engagement and Participationreexamines the basic components of human communication based on the development of meaning between two people and provides a new theoretical framework for integrating the use of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) strategies into interpersonal interactions. As such, it is an indispensable resource for speech-language pathologists, special education practitioners, and researchers in AAC, as well as for instructors and graduate students in the fields of speech and hearing sciences and special education. The book employs a creative synthesis of engagement (personal involvement) and participation (exchanges) to describe meaning-making and social closeness between partners. This process allows for the acknowledgment of different levels of shared meaning and outlines a novel approach to assessment and intervention. The book also describes the importance of integrating relational (interaction-oriented) as well as instrumental (goal-oriented) communication functions as essential in maintaining on-going relationships. Most resources in AAC tend to emphasize strategies for enhancing participation, rather than strategies associated with the development of engagement (being with) to enhance communication between communication partners. In contrast, this text uses interactions between users of AAC and their communication partners as a basis to explore the creative synthesis between engagement and participation to provide clinical guidelines for assessment and intervention in both interpersonal and classroom contexts. Key features: A novel theoretical approach focused on engagement and participation as core components in AAC interventionEmphasis on empathic listening skills of both communication partner and user of AAC strategies to facilitate engagement (emotional resonance) between themGuidance for teachers on the benefits of a meaning-based approach to communication in the classroomApplication of empathic listening strategies to people with dementia to address an increasing need for care of patients with Alzheimer disease by caregivers and family membersIntegration of social media and face-to-face interactions as central to developing relationships in AAC interactions |
| aac goals for functional communication: Handbook of Developmental Disabilities Samuel L. Odom, Robert H. Horner, Martha E. Snell, 2009-01-21 This authoritative handbook reviews the breadth of current knowledge about developmental disabilities: neuroscientific and genetic foundations; the impact on health, learning, and behavior; and effective educational and clinical practices. Leading authorities analyze what works in intervening with diverse children and families, from infancy through the school years and the transition to adulthood. Chapters present established and emerging approaches to promoting communication and language abilities, academic skills, positive social relationships, and vocational and independent living skills. Current practices in positive behavior support are discussed, as are strategies for supporting family adaptation and resilience. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Aided Augmentative Communication for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders Jennifer B. Ganz, 2014-05-16 Just as autism is a continuum of disorders, it is associated with a broad range of neurodevelopmental, social, and communication deficits. For individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) has a major impact on their daily lives, often reducing the occurrence of challenging behaviors. Aided Augmentative Communication for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders is a practical guide to the field, offering readers a solid grounding in ASD, related complex communication needs (CCN), and AAC, especially visual and computer-based technologies. Widely used interventions and tools in AAC are reviewed—not just how they work, but why they work—to aid practitioners in choosing those most suited to individual clients or students. Issues in evaluation for aided AAC and debates concerning its usability round out the coverage. Readers come away with a deeper understanding of the centrality of communication for clients with ASD and the many possibilities for intervention. Key areas of coverage include: AAC and assessment of people with ASD and CCN. Interdisciplinary issues and collaboration in assessment and treatment. AAC intervention mediated by natural communication partners. Functional communication training with AAC. The controversy surrounding facilitated communication. Sign language versus AAC. Aided Augmentative Communication for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders is an essential resource for clinicians/practitioners, researchers, and graduate students in such fields as child and school psychology, speech pathology, language education, developmental psychology, behavior therapy, and educational technology. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Principles and Practices in Augmentative and Alternative Communication Donald Fuller, Lyle Lloyd, 2024-06-01 A definitive textbook for students in speech-language pathology, audiology, and communication sciences and disorders, Principles and Practices in Augmentative and Alternative Communication offers students an introduction to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) and prepares them for working with clients with complex communication needs. Editors Drs. Donald R. Fuller and Lyle L. Lloyd and their contributors provide a foundation for the development of assessment and intervention procedures and practices within the framework of the communication model and its major components: the means to represent, the means to select, and the means to transmit. Principles and Practices in Augmentative and Alternative Communication consists of five major units: An introduction to AAC, from its history to current practice An overview of AAC symbols and a comprehensive discussion of aided and unaided symbols A review of AAC technology The components of AAC assessment: principles, vocabulary, symbol selection, and the prescription of AAC technology AAC intervention: everything from the components of the intervention process to examples from specific cases and settings Included with the text are online supplemental materials for faculty use in the classroom. Students and professionals looking for a foundational textbook in the field of AAC will find Principles and Practices in Augmentative and Alternative Communication to be effective, contemporary, and practical. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative and Assistive Communication with Children Lesley Mayne, Sharon Rogers, 2020-05-21 This practical resource is designed to help the families and professionals who support children who use augmentative and assistive communication (AAC) to interact with the world around them. The research-based Hear Me into Voice protocol, presented at the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Annual Convention in 2018, the California Speech-Language Hearing Association Annual Convention in 2017, and the International Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Conference in 2016, provides communication partners with a functional knowledge of the child’s communication skills and provides a practical intervention plan to carry forward. Through this protocol and intervention plan, communication partners can engage with the child’s personal voice, through their varying multimodal forms of communication; the child is given the space to grow into a competent and confident communicator. Key features include: Photocopiable and downloadable resources, including the Hear Me into Voice protocol, an AAC report shell template, an AAC report teaching template, and tools including how to make a communication wallet, and a Let’s Chat communication partner tip card template. Guidance for offering AAC intervention sessions, including an intervention plan supported by case studies Practical activities that can be used to engage children with complex communication profiles Engaging and easy to follow, this resource is not only essential for professionals and students looking to support children with complex language needs, but also families looking to understand their child’s unique communication style. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Rising to New Heights of Communication and Learning for Children with Autism Vicki Turner, Carol Spears, 2011-04-15 Children with pervasive developmental disorders often do not learn from conventional methods, which can result in social isolation, behavior problems, limitations in communication, and slow academic growth. Greater integration into home and school activities, improved behavior and academic success can be achieved using alternative-augmentative communication (AAC), and this book explains exactly how to make it happen. Exploring the various communication and intervention options available and offering straightforward techniques and strategies for using them effectively, this book clearly explains everything families, teachers, therapists and other professionals need to know in order to improve a child's communication, behavior, social and academic skills. Chapters follow a consistent, user-friendly format, answering the questions Who, What, Why, How, Where and When about every technique. This book will be essential reading for anyone looking to improve social interaction between children with pervasive developmental disorders and those around them. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Cook & Hussey's Assistive Technologies Albert M. Cook, Janice Miller Polgar, 2008-01-01 It's here: the latest edition of the one text you need to master assistive strategies, make confident clinical decisions, and help improve the quality of life for people with disabilities. Based on the Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) model, Assistive Technologies: Principles and Practice, 4th Edition provides detailed coverage of the broad range of devices, services, and practices that comprise assistive technology, and focuses on the relationship between the human user and the assisted activity within specific contexts. Updated and expanded, this new edition features coverage of new ethical issues, more explicit applications of the HAAT model, and a variety of global issues highlighting technology applications and service delivery in developing countries. Human Activity Assistive Technology (HAAT) framework demonstrates assistive technology within common, everyday contexts for more relevant application. Focus on clinical application guides you in applying concepts to real-world situations. Review questions and chapter summaries in each chapter help you assess your understanding and identify areas where more study is needed. Content on the impact of AT on children and the role of AT in play and education for children with disabilities demonstrates how AT can be used for early intervention and to enhance development. Coverage of changing AT needs throughout the lifespan emphasizes how AT fits into people's lives and contributes to their full participation in society. Principles and practice of assistive technology provides the foundation for effective decision-making. NEW! Global issues content broadens the focus of application beyond North America to include technology applications and service delivery in developing countries. NEW! Ethical issues and occupational justice content exposes you to vital information as you start interacting with clients. NEW! More case studies added throughout the text foster an understanding of how assistive technologies are used and how they function. NEW! Updated content reflects current technology and helps keep you current. NEW! Explicit applications of the HAAT model in each of the chapters on specific technologies and more emphasis on the interactions among the elements make content even easier to understand. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Communicative Competence for Individuals who Use AAC Janice Catherine Light, David R. Beukelman, Joe Reichle, 2003 Relevant for children and adults at all stages of communication development, this work should be of use to rehabilitation professionals who work with AAC users. It covers linguistic competence, operational competence, social competence, and strategic competence. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Handbook of Children with Special Health Care Needs David Hollar, 2012-07-15 Children with chronic conditions, developmental disorders, and birth defects represent a sizeable minority of American children—as many as one in five. Often their families have financial or other issues limiting their access to appropriate care, thus limiting their adult prospects as well. Compounding the problem, many valuable resources concerning this population are difficult to access although they may be critical to the researchers, practitioners, and policymakers creating standards for quality care and services. In response, the Handbook of Children with Special Health Care Needs assembles research, applied, and policy perspectives reflecting the range of children’s problems requiring special services. Widely studied conditions (e.g., communication disorders, substance abuse) and those receiving lesser attention (e.g., tuberculosis) are covered, as are emerging ideas such as the “medical home” concept of continuity of care. Its interdisciplinary outlook makes the Handbook of Children with Special Health Care Needs a vital, forward-looking text for developmental psychologists, pediatricians, early childhood and special education researchers and practitioners, disability researchers, policymakers, and advocates, and providers for children with special health care needs. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Cerebral Palsy Freeman Miller, Steven J. Bachrach, 2006-05-08 When a child has a health problem, parents want answers. But when a child has cerebral palsy, the answers don't come quickly. A diagnosis of this complex group of chronic conditions affecting movement and coordination is difficult to make and is typically delayed until the child is eighteen months old. Although the condition may be mild or severe, even general predictions about long-term prognosis seldom come before the child's second birthday. Written by a team of experts associated with the Cerebral Palsy Program at the Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, this authoritative resource provides parents and families with vital information that can help them cope with uncertainty. Thoroughly updated and revised to incorporate the latest medical advances, the second edition is a comprehensive guide to cerebral palsy. The book is organized into three parts. In the first, the authors describe specific patterns of involvement (hemiplegia, diplegia, quadriplegia), explain the medical and psychosocial implications of these conditions, and tell parents how to be effective advocates for their child. In the second part, the authors provide a wealth of practical advice about caregiving from nutrition to mobility. Part three features an extensive alphabetically arranged encyclopedia that defines and describes medical terms and diagnoses, medical and surgical procedures, and orthopedic and other assistive devices. Also included are lists of resources and recommended reading. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Dementia Ellen Hickey, Michelle S. Bourgeois, 2011-02-14 Dementia: From Diagnosis to Management - A Functional Approach is a comprehensive description of a functional and behavioral approach to assessing and treating persons with dementia. While very practical, the information is embedded in a scientific context of the causes, neuropsychological manifestations, and complications of dementia. The management of the impairments of dementia is centered on its functional consequences and impact on daily living. The chapters describe behavioral interventions and environmental strategies that aim to improve daily activities and quality of life from a proactive communication and memory basis. Specific suggestions are provided to enhance family involvement and staff relationships, interdisciplinary cooperation, reimbursement, and documentation across various home and institutional settings. The book is written in a straightforward style and is evenhanded in its critical analyses of the evidence available to inform practice. The extensive clinical backgrounds of the authors allow them to use ‘real world’ case studies to illustrate common challenges of persons with dementia and potential solutions for caregivers. Further resources and clinical materials are included in comprehensive appendices. The volume provides essential reading for clinicians and administrators who seek to improve the lives of people with dementia and those who care for them. It is also an invaluable reference for beginning students in adult language disorders and gerontology. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention Janet L. Dodd, 2017-06-30 Augmentative and Alternative Communication Intervention: An Intensive, Immersive, Socially Based Delivery Model is ideal for school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and an excellent resource for interventionists (special education teachers, ABA therapists) and SLPs working in other settings who wish to develop an intensive, immersive Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC)-based intervention through a three-phase intervention process: assessment, intervention planning, and intervention implementation. Written by an SLP who has worked in a public school setting and saw to the application of theory to practice, the text provides detailed information regarding working with children who have complex communication needs and the background knowledge necessary for successful implementation of the intervention approach. Included are considerations for vocabulary selection for the beginning communicator, how to create a symbolically rich environment, detailed intervention approaches, and progress monitoring strategies that establish appropriate, measurable goals. AAC will no longer be an alternative means of communication but a best practice means of teaching communication in the SLP's or interventionist's repertoire. Making the leap from the theoretical to the practical, this essential book: Describes the intervention needs of children with complex communication needs and the limitations of current approaches (e.g., PECS, Milieu Training, Functional Communication Training).Operationally defines the goal of AAC intervention, discussing its complexities, including the limitations of a pull-out model.Introduces the Intensive, Immersive, Socially Based Approach to Intervention and briefly describes each phase of the intervention process.Discusses how AAC assessments differ from traditional assessments of speech and language skills, as well as provides an overview of different assessment models and their contribution to the intervention process.Examines the importance of training support staff to key components of this intervention model.Contains information on the application of language-based intervention strategies to AAC.Talks about the importance of progress monitoring and how to use functional communication measures and communication sampling, a new and innovative technique developed by the author, to monitor progress.Provides example lesson plans and example goals addressing each area of communicative competence.*Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Filip Loncke, 2020-10-09 Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Models and Applications, Second Edition describes augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) comprehensively and offers a framework for understanding how AAC intervention can be used in the process of communication. This textbook is intended to serve as the primary text for graduate-level courses in augmentative and alternative communication in speech-language pathology programs. It also serves as an essential resource for practicing clinicians. AAC is used by an ever-growing group of individuals of all ages, each with their own personal and communication needs. The book presents the various AAC interventions and teaches the prospective clinician which intervention may be effective depending on the needs, condition, and prognosis of the client. The text details how communication is shaped by internal and external factors and how communication affects social functioning. New to the Second Edition: * A revised introductory chapter reflecting recent changes in the field * Thoroughly updated chapters on technology, vocabulary, and assessment * Reorganization of the chapters for a more natural flow of information * New and revised artwork throughout including images, tables, and charts * New and expanded case studies covering different types of communicators, their needs, and AAC solutions Expanded coverage on the following topics: * The debate on core vocabulary and discussion of best practices * Perspectives and views from AAC users * Ethics in AAC service delivery * Research issues |
| aac goals for functional communication: Handbook of Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Assessment, Interventions, and Policy Fred R. Volkmar, Rhea Paul, Ami Klin, Donald J. Cohen, 2007-09-10 The second edition of the benchmark reference Since its first edition, this handbook has become the most influential reference work in the field of autism and related conditions. Now expanded to two volumes, this comprehensive work provides a thorough review of these disorders, drawing on findings and clinical experience from a number of related disciplines. The Second Edition covers all current treatment models, and is updated to include new methods for screening and assessment, genetic components, and school-based interventions. All chapters have been thoroughly updated; two-thirds of chapters are entirely new to this edition. VolumeTwo includes the newest, most authoritative information available on assessment, interventions, and policy ramifications surrounding pervasive developmental disorders. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Language Development: Foundations, Processes, and Clinical Applications Nina Capone Singleton, Brian B. Shulman, 2013-04-15 Language Development: Foundations, Processes, and Clinical Applications, Second Edition provides an accessible overview of language development covering the typical course of language development within the clinical context of language assessment and intervention. The Second Edition examines the biological, developmental, and environmental systems of neurotypical children, and the role of these systems as linguistic input in the child’s environment contributing to language development. This comprehensive resource, written and contributed by over 20 experts in the field, provides students with an understanding of the foundations of language development in terms of each individual child’s communication needs. With case studies woven throughout the text, students are able to follow the progress of children with normal language development as well as those showing signs of problems. These cases and clinical practice applications will help students prepare for the clinical challenges they will face in their professional careers. Every year, new information, new theories, and new evidence are published about development to explain the complexities that create and facilitate the language acquisition process. The authors who have contributed to this text provide the latest research and perspectives on language development among neurotypical children. This valuable text bridges biological, environmental, technological, and professional venues to advance the development of professionals and children alike. What’s new in the Second Edition? • New chapter on syntactic development including morphology • New chapter covering school-age language • New case study highlighting school-age language • Expanded content on morphology including morphological analysis Instructor Resources: PowerPoint Presentations, Test Bank Student Resources: Companion Website Every new copy of the text includes an access code for the companion website. eBook offerings do not include an access code. |
| aac goals for functional communication: AAC Strategies for Individuals with Moderate to Severe Disabilities Susan S. Johnston, 2012 |
| aac goals for functional communication: Goal Writing for the Speech-Language Pathologist and Special Educator Gozdziewski, Renee Fabus, Jeanne Lebowski, Julia Yudes-Kuznetsov, 2018-01-12 Geared for undergraduate and graduate students, Goal Writing for the Speech-Language Pathologist and Special Educator details different types of goals, essential elements of goals, how to establish goals from information garnered from evaluations, and how to write continuing goals for the field of Speech-Language Pathology and Communication Sciences. It is written for students in a Clinical Methods/Clinical Practicum course who are about to being their clinical experience in SLP. Real-world exercises are provided throughout in order to provide realistic examples of what students may encounter in speech and hearing clinics, hospitals, and schools. Goal writing is practiced by SLPs on a daily basis, and understanding how to turn diagnostic information into therapy is a difficult, yet crucial, task. This important subject is not covered in depth in other clinical methods titles yet is a skill all students and clinicians must master. |
| aac goals for functional communication: The Picture Exchange Communication System Training Manual Lori Frost, Andy Bondy, 2002-01-01 This book presents an updated description of The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS). It begins with a discussion of the big picture, or the authors view on the importance of laying the foundation for communication training by systematically structuring the learning environment (be it in the home, community or school). This approach, The Pyramid Approach to Education, embraces the principals of broad-spectrum applied behavior analysis and emphasizes the development of functional communication skills, independent of communication modality. The Pyramid Approach is one of the few approaches that encourages creativity and innovation on the teacher's part through databased decision making. |
| aac goals for functional communication: The Efficacy of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Ralf W. Schlosser, 2023-02-06 Provides the essential tools for appraising evidence and outlining steps for planning and implementing better efficacy research. This book aims to help researchers and practitioners develop the necessary skills for moving the augmentative and alternative communication field toward evidence-based practice. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Autism Spectrum Disorders and AAC Pat Mirenda, Teresa Iacono, 2009 The newest edition to the renowned AAC series from the leading authorities on the use of AAC with children and adolescents with autism. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative and Alternative Communication Billy T. Ogletree, 2021-01-12 Providers of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) face a myriad of challenges in a rapidly changing and developing field. Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Challenges and Solutions is a unique solution-oriented text intended to prepare professionals to face those challenges with a can do perspective. Featuring contributions from prominent AAC researchers and providers, as well as actual AAC users, this resource traverses a wide range of scenarios that clinicians deal with on a daily basis. Augmentative and Alternative Communication: Challenges and Solutions is divided into five sections with each chapter offering a different evidence-based solution. Part I provides an introduction and basis for the rest of the book. Part II focuses on the unique challenges of providing AAC in childhood, while Part III centers on dealing with adult disorders. In Part IV, the authors delve into special populations and issues, such as assisting individuals with multiple disabilities. In Part V, clinicians will find tips for becoming a solution-oriented provider. Key Features: * Contributions from national experts in AAC * Quotes and vignettes representing the experiences of actual AAC users * Featured challenges faced by providers and users alike * Evidence-based solutions for ready application in clinical contexts * Tools for implementing certain strategies, including example meeting scripts * A comprehensive glossary of terms * A highly readable writing style * An introductory chapter with bolded key terms to improve retention of the material |
| aac goals for functional communication: Augmentative Communication Strategies for Adults with Acute Or Chronic Medical Conditions David R. Beukelman, Kathryn L. Garrett, Kathryn M. Yorkston, 2007 This practical guidebook and CD?ROM set gathers in one place everything professionals need to support and improve communication for adults with specific medical conditions. Includes expert guidance on providing effective AAC services for people with a ran |
| aac goals for functional communication: INTRO: A Guide to Communication Sciences and Disorders, Third Edition Michael P. Robb, 2018-12-06 INTRO: A Guide to Communication Sciences and Disorders, Third Edition is designed for the undergraduate student with an interest in entering the field of communication sciences and disorders. INTRO is an introduction to the professions of speech-language pathology and audiology and the underlying discipline on which they are based, communication sciences and disorders. This text provides essential information concerning a wide range of communication disorders found in children and adults. Key Features: A strong international focus with coverage of country-specific incidence and prevalence of various communication disorders.Each chapter begins with learning objectives and ends with study questions to review key concepts.Bolded key terms and a comprehensive glossary improve retention of the material.The text includes real-life examples in the form of video links to help reinforce the information in the text. New to the Third Edition: A reorganized chapter on communication disorders and the professions for greater flow of information (Chapter 1).A NEW chapter on alternative and augmentative communication (Chapter 10).Thoroughly updated chapters on audition (Chapters 12 and 13). INTRO is beautifully illustrated and written in an engaging, yet straightforward approach, with an overview of the formative history, as well as current theories and research provided for each disorder. The sole authorship of the book ensures a uniform writing style, which is often missing from introductory texts. The book holds worldwide appeal and is written for an international audience. For some, this book may serve as a springboard for the pursuit of a career in audiology and speech-language pathology; nevertheless, every reader will acquire an appreciation of the gift of communication. Disclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book. |
| aac goals for functional communication: I Know a Lot! Stephen Krensky, 2013-07-02 This third book in Stephen Krensky and Sara Gillingham's empowerment series celebrates the feats of growing out of toddlerhood with increased knowledge. Whether comparing heavy rocks to lighter flowers, or noting that the sunlight delineates the day from the night, Krensky and Gillingham acknowledge the small wins of understanding the world just a little bit more. Young children and their parents will revel in the uplifting text and boldly colored retro-fresh illustrations. Praise for I Know a Lot This appealingly illustrated, confidence-boosting board book will inspire little ones to think of--and perhaps catalog aloud--all of the important things they already know about their world. --Kirkus Reviews The limited primary color scheme and preponderance of simple shapes bolster the idea of kids mastering the basics. --Publishers Weekly Readers will respond to the child's confidence by being proud of their own understanding of the world. This is the third of this team's empowerment titles, but it is fully successful as a stand-alone. --School Library Journal Sara Gillingham's colorful pictures, which, with their occasional offsets, look like hand-made prints, show the girl in the process of these and other discoveries: playing outdoors, sledding with friends and standing behind her father at the stove. --The New York Times From the moment she opened I Know a Lot, she was hooked Turned out, that was her gateway into being completely obsessed with reading. --The Huffington Post |
| aac goals for functional communication: Functional Communication Profile Larry I. Kleiman, 2003-01-01 The profile is the result of a more than twenty-year project to develop a sensible and organized method of evaluating communication skills in individuals with developmental delays. |
| aac goals for functional communication: Achieving Communication Competence , 2012-01-01 Three Steps to Effective Intervention - A complete communication assessment and intervention tool |
SBC AAC有什么区别？ - 知乎
AAC是杜比实验室为音乐社区提供的技术，是一种高压缩比的编码算法。实际体验上都认为同样的码率下面，AAC的听感比MP3好，Apple上面AAC的音频很多。所以现在的iPhone的音频传输 …
既然 AAC 要比 MP3 好，且体积差不多，为什么网上不流行 AAC
2、aac呢？强有力的支持aac的，目前最多可以认为是苹果公司，itune基本上能采用aac的都用了aac，但是他们同样也支持mp3.而其他的aac发明团队成员，包括sony等都在市场上说话分量 …
AAC 格式和 M4A 格式是什么？各自的优缺点有哪些？ - 知乎
现在的 aac-lc 就是以前制定的 mpeg-2 时代的 aac 的更名延续，而 mpeg-4 时代的 aac 叫 aac-he. aac-lc 可以用 aac (adts) 作容器也可以用 mp4 做容器，两者可以用 mp4box 的一个命令直接转 …
普通人耳能分辨出蓝牙协议SBC和AAC的区别吗？ - 知乎
aac有着不错的音质表现。一般来说，同样的码率下，aac的听感会好于mp3。apple上面acc的音频很多，所以苹果设备基本都采用这个编码格式。 当蓝牙支持aac格式的文件，手机也支持aac …
LDAC和AAC听上去的差别大不大？ - 知乎
Feb 7, 2020 · 是因为aac删掉了注意不到的细节，把腾出的码率 放到主体上。 这里的细节不是单指高频，而是覆盖整个频段。删掉细节也不绝对是坏的。 aac听起来可能会比较"优美"。 如果你 …
既然 AAC 要比 MP3 好，且体积差不多，为什么网上不流行 AAC
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding): AAC 是 MPEG-2 标准中的一种音频压缩格式，它在相同比特率下提供比 MP3 更好的音质。 这意味着，使用 AAC 格式，可以在更小的文件体积下获得与 MP3 …
AAC-LC 是什么格式？和 AAC 有什么区别？ - 知乎
aac的版权和专利许可仅针对商业目的aac编解码器的厂商和开发者，所以ffmpeg和faac等包含aac编解码器软件以开源的形式发布。 aac的版权许可为5年一期，期满重新评估后可以继续5 …
iPhone 蓝牙连接耳机，音乐怎么开启AAC提高音质? - 知乎
iPhone无法手动开启，而且并非耳机支持aac，iphone就会使用 aac协议 ，只有当iphone的aac数据库中这个耳机的蓝牙芯片识别码时才会启用aac协议，其他时候都是sbc，而且苹果自家的 …
AAC音频解码器的选择，MFT、FDKAAC、FFMPEG？ - 知乎
May 10, 2023 · 当然，如果是编码，不同编码器相差得可就多了，目前质量最高的是FDK-AAC，可以在使用FFmpeg的时候，手动调用它的第三方编码库。 发布于 2023-05-11 00:14 赞同 2 添 …
为什么 iPhone音频只能支持aac 买个其他家蓝牙耳机（索尼）还体 …
可能苹果认为aac已经够用，其他都不够好用。 "AAC主要会根据 心理声学模型 来修改/优化你听到的声音" 听起来不会比320Kb .MP3差 高通拿aptX变着法子收专利费，苹果是不可能交的，这 …
SBC AAC有什么区别？ - 知乎
AAC是杜比实验室为音乐社区提供的技术，是一种高压缩比的编码算法。实际体验上都认为同样的码率下面，AAC的听感比MP3好，Apple上面AAC的音频很多。所以现在的iPhone的音频传输格式也都是AAC格 …
既然 AAC 要比 MP3 好，且体积差不多，为什么网上不流行 AAC 格式的音频呢？ - 知乎
2、aac呢？强有力的支持aac的，目前最多可以认为是苹果公司，itune基本上能采用aac的都用了aac，但是他们同样也支持mp3.而其他的aac发明团队成员，包括sony等都在市场上说话分量有限。 3、兼容性，mp3 …
AAC 格式和 M4A 格式是什么？各自的优缺点有哪些？ - 知乎
现在的 aac-lc 就是以前制定的 mpeg-2 时代的 aac 的更名延续，而 mpeg-4 时代的 aac 叫 aac-he. aac-lc 可以用 aac (adts) 作容器也可以用 mp4 做容器，两者可以用 mp4box 的一个命令直接转换，而 aac …
普通人耳能分辨出蓝牙协议SBC和AAC的区别吗？ - 知乎
aac有着不错的音质表现。一般来说，同样的码率下，aac的听感会好于mp3。apple上面acc的音频很多，所以苹果设备基本都采用这个编码格式。 当蓝牙支持aac格式的文件，手机也支持aac传输时，音质比sbc好 …
LDAC和AAC听上去的差别大不大？ - 知乎
Feb 7, 2020 · 是因为aac删掉了注意不到的细节，把腾出的码率 放到主体上。 这里的细节不是单指高频，而是覆盖整个频段。删掉细节也不绝对是坏的。 aac听起来可能会比较"优美"。 如果你喜欢高频细节，不要 …
