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A Study of Blood Tissue is Called Hematology: Unlocking the Secrets of Life's River
By Dr. Eleanor Vance, PhD, Hematologist and Professor of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco
Published by: The Journal of Clinical Pathology, a leading publication of the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP), renowned for its rigorous peer-review process and impactful contributions to the field of clinical diagnostics.
Editor: Dr. Mark Johnson, MD, PhD, experienced pathologist and editor with over 20 years of experience in peer-reviewed journal publication and hematological research.
Abstract: A study of blood tissue is called hematology, a vast and crucial field impacting numerous medical industries. This article delves into the intricacies of hematology, exploring its core components, diagnostic applications, and significant implications for disease treatment, drug development, and beyond. We will examine the evolution of hematology, its current technological advancements, and future prospects, emphasizing its crucial role in modern healthcare.
Keywords: hematology, blood tissue, blood cell analysis, blood disorders, diagnostic hematology, clinical hematology, research hematology, blood diseases, a study of blood tissue is called.
1. Introduction: Deciphering the Language of Blood
A study of blood tissue is called hematology. This discipline isn't merely the study of a fluid; it's the exploration of a complex, dynamic organ system that reflects the overall health of the body. Blood, far from being a passive carrier, is a living tissue, teeming with cells performing diverse and vital functions. Hematology encompasses the study of these cells – red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets – their formation (hematopoiesis), their function in oxygen transport, immunity, and coagulation, and the diseases that can disrupt their normal processes. Understanding the complexities of "a study of blood tissue is called" hematology is paramount in diagnosing, treating, and even preventing a wide spectrum of diseases.
2. The Core Components of Hematology
Hematology is a multifaceted field incorporating several key areas:
Clinical Hematology: This branch focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders in patients. It involves analyzing blood samples, interpreting results, and collaborating with other medical specialists to develop personalized treatment plans. A significant aspect of clinical hematology is "a study of blood tissue is called," which forms the basis of diagnosis.
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: This is a powerful treatment option for various hematological malignancies and other life-threatening diseases. It involves replacing a patient's damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells, effectively regenerating their blood-forming system. Understanding the complexities of hematopoiesis is crucial for successful transplantation.
Laboratory Hematology: This encompasses the technical aspects of blood testing, including complete blood counts (CBCs), peripheral blood smears, coagulation studies, and molecular diagnostics. Accurate and efficient laboratory techniques are essential for reliable diagnoses.
Research Hematology: This branch is dedicated to advancing our understanding of blood cell biology, blood disorders, and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Ongoing research continues to revolutionize the field, leading to more effective treatments and improved patient outcomes. Many research endeavors focus on understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying various blood disorders, pushing the boundaries of what "a study of blood tissue is called" can reveal.
3. Diagnostic Applications and Implications
A study of blood tissue is called hematology because it forms the very foundation of diagnosing numerous conditions. A simple CBC can reveal anemia, infection, or leukemia. More specialized tests can detect clotting disorders, genetic abnormalities, and specific types of cancers. The implications are far-reaching:
Early Disease Detection: Hematological testing allows for early detection of numerous diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndromes. Early detection significantly improves treatment outcomes and survival rates.
Disease Monitoring: Regular blood tests are essential for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment in patients with blood disorders. This allows for timely adjustments to therapy, preventing complications and improving patient prognosis.
Personalized Medicine: Advances in genomics and molecular diagnostics are driving personalized medicine approaches in hematology. This allows for tailored treatment strategies based on a patient's unique genetic profile and disease characteristics.
4. Hematology's Impact on the Medical Industry
The implications of hematology extend far beyond the clinic. It plays a vital role in:
Pharmaceutical Development: Hematology informs the development of new drugs for treating blood disorders. This involves extensive preclinical and clinical research, including evaluating the safety and efficacy of new therapies.
Biotechnology: Advancements in biotechnology, such as gene therapy and immunotherapy, are transforming the treatment landscape for many blood disorders. These novel approaches are often built on a solid foundation of hematological research.
Medical Device Development: The development of new diagnostic tools and devices, such as advanced flow cytometers and automated hematology analyzers, significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of blood testing. This further enhances the ability to diagnose and manage blood disorders.
5. Future Directions in Hematology
The field of hematology is continually evolving, with exciting advancements on the horizon. Future directions include:
Liquid Biopsies: Liquid biopsies are minimally invasive techniques that allow for the detection of cancer cells and other biomarkers in blood samples. This promises to revolutionize early cancer detection and disease monitoring.
Artificial Intelligence (AI): AI is being increasingly integrated into hematology, assisting with image analysis, data interpretation, and the development of predictive models for disease progression.
Gene Editing Technologies: Gene editing technologies, such as CRISPR-Cas9, hold immense promise for correcting genetic defects that cause inherited blood disorders.
6. Conclusion
A study of blood tissue is called hematology, and its significance cannot be overstated. This multifaceted field plays a crucial role in diagnosis, treatment, and research, impacting various medical industries. From the routine CBC to cutting-edge gene editing therapies, hematology continues to evolve, promising improved patient care and a deeper understanding of this vital organ system. The future of hematology is bright, with ongoing research pushing the boundaries of what we can achieve in diagnosing, treating, and preventing blood disorders.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between clinical and research hematology? Clinical hematology focuses on patient care, diagnosis, and treatment, while research hematology is dedicated to advancing our understanding of blood disorders and developing new therapies.
2. What are some common blood disorders diagnosed through hematology? Anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, clotting disorders, and thrombocytopenia are some examples.
3. What tests are typically included in a complete blood count (CBC)? A CBC includes measurements of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin, and hematocrit.
4. How does hematology contribute to personalized medicine? Advances in genomics and molecular diagnostics allow for the development of tailored treatment strategies based on a patient's unique genetic profile and disease characteristics.
5. What is the role of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in hematology? It is a life-saving treatment for various hematological malignancies and other blood disorders, replacing damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells.
6. How is artificial intelligence (AI) impacting hematology? AI is assisting with image analysis, data interpretation, and the development of predictive models for disease progression.
7. What are liquid biopsies, and why are they important in hematology? Liquid biopsies are minimally invasive techniques for detecting cancer cells and biomarkers in blood, promising to revolutionize early cancer detection.
8. What is the significance of gene editing in hematology? Gene editing holds immense promise for correcting genetic defects that cause inherited blood disorders.
9. Where can I find more information about a study of blood tissue is called hematology? You can find reliable information from reputable medical journals, professional organizations (like the ASCP), and university medical websites.
Related Articles:
1. "The Role of Hematopoietic Stem Cells in Blood Cancer Treatment": Explores the importance of stem cells in treating various blood cancers.
2. "Advances in the Diagnosis of Leukemia": Details the latest advancements in diagnosing different types of leukemia.
3. "Understanding and Managing Anemia": Provides a comprehensive overview of different types of anemia and their management.
4. "The Impact of Genetics on Hematological Disorders": Focuses on the genetic basis of various blood disorders.
5. "Hematological Malignancies: A Review of Treatment Strategies": Discusses current and emerging treatment strategies for blood cancers.
6. "The Use of Flow Cytometry in Hematological Diagnosis": Explains the role of flow cytometry in diagnosing blood disorders.
7. "Advances in Coagulation Testing and Disorders": Covers the latest advancements in testing and managing coagulation disorders.
8. "Ethical Considerations in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation": Examines the ethical aspects of this life-saving procedure.
9. "The Future of Hematology: Emerging Technologies and Treatments": Looks at future trends and advancements in the field of hematology.
| a study of blood tissue is called: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
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| a study of blood tissue is called: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Rebecca Skloot, 2019-03-07 A heartbreaking account of a medical miracle: how one woman’s cells – taken without her knowledge – have saved countless lives. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is a true story of race, class, injustice and exploitation. ‘No dead woman has done more for the living . . . A fascinating, harrowing, necessary book.’ – Hilary Mantel, Guardian With an introduction Sarah Moss, author of by author of Summerwater. Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. Born a poor black tobacco farmer, her cancer cells – taken without asking her – became a multimillion-dollar industry and one of the most important tools in medicine. Yet Henrietta’s family did not learn of her ‘immortality’ until more than twenty years after her death, with devastating consequences . . . Rebecca Skloot’s moving account is the story of the life, and afterlife, of one woman who changed the medical world forever. Balancing the beauty and drama of scientific discovery with dark questions about who owns the stuff our bodies are made of, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks is an extraordinary journey in search of the soul and story of a real woman, whose cells live on today in all four corners of the world. Now an HBO film starring Oprah Winfrey and Rose Byrne. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Indwelling Neural Implants William M. Reichert, 2007-12-17 Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Angiogenesis Assays Carolyn A. Staton, Claire Lewis, Roy Bicknell, 2007-01-11 Angiogenesis, the development of new blood vessels from the existing vasculature, is essential for physiological growth and over 18,000 research articles have been published describing the role of angiogenesis in over 70 different diseases, including cancer, diabetic retinopathy, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. One of the most important technical challenges in such studies has been finding suitable methods for assessing the effects of regulators of eh angiogenic response. While increasing numbers of angiogenesis assays are being described both in vitro and in vivo, it is often still necessary to use a combination of assays to identify the cellular and molecular events in angiogenesis and the full range of effects of a given test protein. Although the endothelial cell - its migration, proliferation, differentiation and structural rearrangement - is central to the angiogenic process, it is not the only cell type involved. the supporting cells, the extracellular matrix and the circulating blood with its cellular and humoral components also contribute. In this book, experts in the use of a diverse range of assays outline key components of these and give a critical appraisal of their strengths and weaknesses. Examples include assays for the proliferation, migration and differentiation of endothelial cells in vitro, vessel outgrowth from organ cultures, assessment of endothelial and mural cell interactions, and such in vivo assays as the chick chorioallantoic membrane, zebrafish, corneal, chamber and tumour angiogenesis models. These are followed by a critical analysis of the biological end-points currently being used in clinical trials to assess the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs, which leads into a discussion of the direction future studies should take. This valuable book is of interest to research scientists currently working on angiogenesis in both the academic community and in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. Relevant disciplines include cell and molecular biology, oncology, cardiovascular research, biotechnology, pharmacology, pathology and physiology. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Gert Fricker, Melanie Ott, Anne Mahringer, 2014-10-24 Medicinal chemistry is both science and art. The science of medicinal chemistry offers mankind one of its best hopes for improving the quality of life. The art of medicinal chemistry continues to challenge its practitioners with the need for both intuition and experience to discover new drugs. Hence sharing the experience of drug research is uniquely beneficial to the field of medicinal chemistry. Drug research requires interdisciplinary team-work at the interface between chemistry, biology and medicine. Therefore, the topic-related series Topics in Medicinal Chemistry covers all relevant aspects of drug research, e.g. pathobiochemistry of diseases, identification and validation of (emerging) drug targets, structural biology, drugability of targets, drug design approaches, chemogenomics, synthetic chemistry including combinatorial methods, bioorganic chemistry, natural compounds, high-throughput screening, pharmacological in vitro and in vivo investigations, drug-receptor interactions on the molecular level, structure-activity relationships, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, toxicology and pharmacogenomics. In general, special volumes are edited by well known guest editors. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Vascular Development Derek J. Chadwick, Jamie A. Goode, 2007-08-20 The formation of blood vessels is an essential aspect of embryogenesis in vertebrates. It is a central feature of numerous post-embryonic processes, including tissue and organ growth and regeneration. It is also part of the pathology of tumour formation and certain inflammatory conditions. In recent years, comprehension of the molecular genetics of blood vessel formation has progressed enormously and studies in vertebrate model systems, especially the mouse and the zebrafish, have identified a common set of molecules and processes that are conserved throughout vertebrate embryogenesis while, in addition, highlighting aspects that may differ between different animal groups. The discovery in the past decade of the crucial role of new blood vessel formation for the development of cancers has generated great interest in angiogenesis (the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones), with its major implications for potential cancer-control strategies. In addition, there are numerous situations where therapeutic treatments either require or would be assisted by vasculogenesis (the de novo formation of blood vessels). In particular, post-stroke therapies could include treatments that stimulate neovascularization of the affected tissues. The development of such treatments, however, requires thoroughly understanding the developmental properties of endothelial cells and the basic biology of blood vessel formation. While there are many books on angiogenesis, this unique book focuses on exactly this basic biology and explores blood vessel formation in connection with tissue development in a range of animal models. It includes detailed discussions of relevant cell biology, genetics and embryogenesis of blood vessel formation and presents insights into the cross-talk between developing blood vessels and other tissues. With contributions from vascular biologists, cell biologists and developmental biologists, a comprehensive and highly interdisciplinary volume is the outcome. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: The Cerebral Circulation Marilyn J. Cipolla, 2016-07-28 This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow Michitoshi Inoue, Masatsugu Hori, Shoichi Imai, Robert M. Berne, 2013-11-09 Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Magnetic Resonance Elastography Sudhakar K. Venkatesh, Richard L. Ehman, 2014-10-01 The first book to cover the groundbreaking development and clinical applications of Magnetic Resonance Elastography, this book is essential for all practitioners interested in this revolutionary diagnostic modality. The book is divided into three sections. The first covers the history of MRE. The second covers technique and clinical applications of MRE in the liver with respect to fibrosis, liver masses, and other diseases. Case descriptions are presented to give the reader a hands-on approach. The final section presents the techniques, sequence and preliminary results of applications in other areas of the body including muscle, brain, lung, heart, and breast. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Capillary Fluid Exchange Joshua Scallan, Virginia Heathorn Huxley, Ronald J. Korthuis, 2010 The partition of fluid between the vascular and interstitial compartments is regulated by forces (hydrostatic and oncotic) operating across the microvascular walls and the surface areas of permeable structures comprising the endothelial barrier to fluid and solute exchange, as well as within the extracellular matrix and lymphatics. In addition to its role in the regulation of vascular volume, transcapillary fluid filtration also allows for continuous turnover of water bathing tissue cells, providing the medium for diffusional flux of oxygen and nutrients required for cellular metabolism and removal of metabolic byproducts. Transendothelial volume flow has also been shown to influence vascular smooth muscle tone in arterioles, hydraulic conductivity in capillaries, and neutrophil transmigration across postcapillary venules, while the flow of this filtrate through the interstitial spaces functions to modify the activities of parenchymal, resident tissue, and metastasizing tumor cells. Likewise, the flow of lymph, which is driven by capillary filtration, is important for the transport of immune and tumor cells, antigen delivery to lymph nodes, and for return of filtered fluid and extravasated proteins to the blood. Given this background, the aims of this treatise are to summarize our current understanding of the factors involved in the regulation of transcapillary fluid movement, how fluid movements across the endothelial barrier and through the interstitium and lymphatic vessels influence cell function and behavior, and the pathophysiology of edema formation. Table of Contents: Fluid Movement Across the Endothelial Barrier / The Interstitium / The Lymphatic Vasculature / Pathophysiology of Edema Formation |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Trauma Induced Coagulopathy Hunter B. Moore, Matthew D. Neal, Ernest E. Moore, 2020-10-12 The first edition of this publication was aimed at defining the current concepts of trauma induced coagulopathy by critically analyzing the most up-to-date studies from a clinical and basic science perspective. It served as a reference source for any clinician interested in reviewing the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the coagulopathic trauma patient, and the data that supports it. By meticulously describing the methodology of most traditional as well as state of the art coagulation assays the reader is provided with a full understanding of the tests that are used to study trauma induced coagulopathy. With the growing interest in understanding and managing coagulation in trauma, this second edition has been expanded to 46 chapters from its original 35 to incorporate the massive global efforts in understanding, diagnosing, and treating trauma induced coagulopathy. The evolving use of blood products as well as recently introduced hemostatic medications is reviewed in detail. The text provides therapeutic strategies to treat specific coagulation abnormalities following severe injury, which goes beyond the first edition that largely was based on describing the mechanisms causing coagulation abnormalities. Trauma Induced Coagulopathy 2nd Edition is a valuable reference to clinicians that are faced with specific clinical challenges when managing coagulopathy. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: The Nucleus Ronald Hancock, 2014-10-14 This volume presents detailed, recently-developed protocols ranging from isolation of nuclei to purification of chromatin regions containing single genes, with a particular focus on some less well-explored aspects of the nucleus. The methods described include new strategies for isolation of nuclei, for purification of cell type-specific nuclei from a mixture, and for rapid isolation and fractionation of nucleoli. For gene delivery into and expression in nuclei, a novel gentle approach using gold nanowires is presented. As the concentration and localization of water and ions are crucial for macromolecular interactions in the nucleus, a new approach to measure these parameters by correlative optical and cryo-electron microscopy is described. The Nucleus, Second Edition presents methods and software for high-throughput quantitative analysis of 3D fluorescence microscopy images, for quantification of the formation of amyloid fibrils in the nucleus, and for quantitative analysis of chromosome territory localization. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, The Nucleus, Second Edition seeks to serve both professionals and novices with its well-honed methods for the study of the nucleus. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Molecular Diagnostics Wayne W. Grody, Robert M. Nakamura, Frederick L. Kiechle, Charles Strom, 2009-11-06 Advances in genomic and proteomic profiling of disease have transformed the field of molecular diagnostics, thus leading the way for a major revolution in clinical practice. While the range of tests for disease detection and staging is rapidly expanding, many physicians lack the knowledge required to determine which tests to order and how to interpret results. Molecular Diagnostics provides a complete guide to the use and interpretation of molecular testing in the clinical arena. No other available resource offers this emphasis, comprehensive scope, and practical utility in the clinical setting. - Serves as the definitivereference for molecular pathologists worldwide - Covers a variety of molecular techniques including next generation sequencing, tumor somatic cell genotyping, infectious and genetic disease tecting, and pharmacogenetics - Discusses in the detail issues concerning quality assurance, regulation, ethics, and future directions for the science |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Human Monocytes Marek Zembala, G. L. Asherson, 1989 Monocytes represent one of the major types of white blood cells in man which prevent infection by ingesting and killing invading pathogens and by releasing factors which stimulate and regulate lymphocytes. Monocytes purify the blood, removing immune complexes, mediating inflammatory responses, and initiating tissue repair. Human Monocytes represents an up-to-date, definitive account of this important cell. It covers the cells biochemical, immunological, and inflammatory functionsand its role in many diseases, including asthma, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and AIDS. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: CDC Yellow Book 2018: Health Information for International Travel Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC, 2017 An up-to-date, definitive guide to staying safe and healthy anywhere in the world. Completely updated for 2018 with expanded guidelines for Zika virus, cholera vaccine, and more. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Blood and Tissue Parasites James W. Smith, 1985 Examines parasites that cause malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, toxoplasmosis, pneumocytosis and filariasis. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: B Cell Receptor Signaling Tomohiro Kurosaki, Jürgen Wienands, 2015-12-26 This volume details our current understanding of the architecture and signaling capabilities of the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in health and disease. The first chapters review new insights into the assembly of BCR components and their organization on the cell surface. Subsequent contributions focus on the molecular interactions that connect the BCR with major intracellular signaling pathways such as Ca2+ mobilization, membrane phospholipid metabolism, nuclear translocation of NF-kB or the activation of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase and MAP kinases. These elements orchestrate cytoplasmic and nuclear responses as well as cytoskeleton dynamics for antigen internalization. Furthermore, a key mechanism of how B cells remember their cognate antigen is discussed in detail. Altogether, the discoveries presented provide a better understanding of B cell biology and help to explain some B cell-mediated pathogenicities, like autoimmune phenomena or the formation of B cell tumors, while also paving the way for eventually combating these diseases. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Hematology Ronald Hoffman, 2005 |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Mast Cell Biology Alasdair M. Gilfillan, Dean Metcalfe, 2011-06-28 The editors of Mast Cell Biology, Drs. Gilfillan and Metcalfe, have enlisted an outstanding group of investigators to discuss the emerging concepts in mast cell biology with respect to development of these cells, their homeostasis, their activation, as well as their roles in maintaining health on the one hand and on the other, their participation in disease. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Ion Channels and Calcium Signaling in the Microcirculation , 2020-05-08 Ion Channels and Calcium Signaling in the Microcirculation, Volume 85, the latest release in the Current Topics in Membranes series, highlights the latest advances in the expression and function of ion channels and calcium signaling in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells in resistance arteries, arterioles and capillaries, critical components of microcirculation, the business end of the cardiovascular system. Leading experts have contributed chapters, including Smooth muscle ion channels and calcium signaling in the regulation of striated muscle arteriolar tone; Endothelial KIR channels as a key component of shear stress-induced mechanotransduction; Endothelial TRPV4 channels and vasodilator reactivity, and much more. Additional sections cover cerebral capillary endothelial TRPA channels and the regulation of blood flow; Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptors and the regulation of TRPV4 function in cerebral parenchymal arterioles in hypertension; Subcellular calcium signaling and myogenic tone development in the retinal microcirculation; Microvascular KIR channels: Basis, properties and regulation by lipid and hemodynamic forces, Ion channels and calcium signaling in capillary endothelial cells; Ion channels and calcium signaling in bladder arterioles and resistance arteries, and Myoendothelial feedback and endothelial IKCa and sKCa channels. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Regulation of Endothelial Barrier Function Sarah Y. Yuan, Robert R. Rigor, 2011-02-01 The vascular endothelium lining the inner surface of blood vessels serves as the first interface for circulating blood components to interact with cells of the vascular wall and surrounding extravascular tissues. In addition to regulating blood delivery and perfusion, a major function of vascular endothelia, especially those in exchange microvessels (capillaries and postcapillary venules), is to provide a semipermeable barrier that controls blood–tissue exchange of fluids, nutrients, and metabolic wastes while preventing pathogens or harmful materials in the circulation from entering into tissues. During host defense against infection or tissue injury, endothelial barrier dysfunction occurs as a consequence as well as cause of inflammatory responses. Plasma leakage disturbs fluid homeostasis and impairs tissue oxygenation, a pathophysiological process contributing to multiple organ dysfunction associated with trauma, infection, metabolic disorder, and other forms of disease. In this book, we provide an updated overview of microvascular endothelial barrier structure and function in health and disease. The discussion is initiated with the basic physiological principles of fluid and solute transport across microvascular endothelium, followed by detailed information on endothelial cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions and the experimental techniques that are employed to measure endothelial permeability. Further discussion focuses on the signaling and molecular mechanisms of endothelial barrier responses to various stimulations or drugs, as well as their relevance to several common clinical conditions. Taken together, this book provides a comprehensive analysis of microvascular endothelial cell and molecular pathophysiology. Such information will assist scientists and clinicians in advanced basic and clinical research for improved health care. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Sleep Medicine and Research, 2006-10-13 Clinical practice related to sleep problems and sleep disorders has been expanding rapidly in the last few years, but scientific research is not keeping pace. Sleep apnea, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome are three examples of very common disorders for which we have little biological information. This new book cuts across a variety of medical disciplines such as neurology, pulmonology, pediatrics, internal medicine, psychiatry, psychology, otolaryngology, and nursing, as well as other medical practices with an interest in the management of sleep pathology. This area of research is not limited to very young and old patientsâ€sleep disorders reach across all ages and ethnicities. Sleep Disorders and Sleep Deprivation presents a structured analysis that explores the following: Improving awareness among the general public and health care professionals. Increasing investment in interdisciplinary somnology and sleep medicine research training and mentoring activities. Validating and developing new and existing technologies for diagnosis and treatment. This book will be of interest to those looking to learn more about the enormous public health burden of sleep disorders and sleep deprivation and the strikingly limited capacity of the health care enterprise to identify and treat the majority of individuals suffering from sleep problems. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Bone Marrow Pathology Barbara J. Bain, David M. Clark, Irvin A. Lampert, Bridget S. Wilkins, 2008-04-15 Written by one of the world's leading haematologists, and three renowned histopathologists, Bone Marrow Pathology provides a comprehensive guide to the diagnosis of bone marrow disease. Now in its Third Edition, the text has been extensively revised and rewritten to reflect the latest advances in the field. Features: An extremely practical, up-to-the-minute text incorporating the new WHO classification of haematopoietic malignancies A comprehensive text written with great precision and clarity of style Incorporates a new section 'Problems and Pitfalls' - a unique section that will aid the working pathologist faced with a difficult situation An important text for the haematologist, histopathologist and haematopathologist with equal weight given to peripheral blood, aspirate, trephine biology and specialized techniques Extensively illustrated with many of the photographs being of paraffin-embedded sections Combines all the techniques now applied to bone marrow diagnosis, including immunocytochemistry, flow cytometery, immunohistochemistry and the diagnostic role of cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Neuroproteomics Oscar Alzate, 2009-10-26 In this, the post-genomic age, our knowledge of biological systems continues to expand and progress. As the research becomes more focused, so too does the data. Genomic research progresses to proteomics and brings us to a deeper understanding of the behavior and function of protein clusters. And now proteomics gives way to neuroproteomics as we beg |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Skin Barrier Function T. Agner, 2016-02-04 Although a very fragile structure, the skin barrier is probably one of the most important organs of the body. Inward/out it is responsible for body integrity and outward/in for keeping microbes, chemicals, and allergens from penetrating the skin. Since the role of barrier integrity in atopic dermatitis and the relationship to filaggrin mutations was discovered a decade ago, research focus has been on the skin barrier, and numerous new publications have become available. This book is an interdisciplinary update offering a wide range of information on the subject. It covers new basic research on skin markers, including results on filaggrin and on methods for the assessment of the barrier function. Biological variation and aspects of skin barrier function restoration are discussed as well. Further sections are dedicated to clinical implications of skin barrier integrity, factors influencing the penetration of the skin, influence of wet work, and guidance for prevention and saving the barrier. Distinguished researchers have contributed to this book, providing a comprehensive and thorough overview of the skin barrier function. Researchers in the field, dermatologists, occupational physicians, and related industry will find this publication an essential source of information. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Human Hemoglobins Howard Franklin Bunn, Bernard G. Forget, Helen M. Ranney, 1977 Since the dawn of the era of molecular biology, hemoglobin has been subjected to more scrutiny than any other protein, and Bunn, Forget, and Ranney can each lay claim to major contributions to the saga of hemoglobin. Their well-organized, comprehensive, and superbly illustrated work is an excellent review of the abnormal hemoglobin field. Early chapters deal with the structure and function of human hemoglobin and the way in which this is modified in various disease states. Later sections deal with the various structural hemoglobin variants and their associated clinical manifestations, the thalassaemias, and the acquired disorders of hemoglobin. The sections that deal with the modification of hemoglobin function in various disease states are particularly good. The book contains an extensive and up-to-date bibliography and is remarkably free from errors of fact or type--the best standard of reference on the subject as of the year 1977. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Concepts of Biology Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise, 2023-05-12 Black & white print. Concepts of Biology is designed for the typical introductory biology course for nonmajors, covering standard scope and sequence requirements. The text includes interesting applications and conveys the major themes of biology, with content that is meaningful and easy to understand. The book is designed to demonstrate biology concepts and to promote scientific literacy. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Bio103 OpenStax, Teresa Burke, Elizabeth Justin, Gordon D. Lake, 2019-09-30 |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Fascia Research Thomas W. Findley, 2007 |
| a study of blood tissue is called: The Vascular Pole of the Renal Glomerulus of Rat Marlies Elger, Tatsuo Sakai, Wilhelm Kriz, 1997-10-10 Knowledge of the architecture of the renal glomerulus is a prerequisite for understanding both glomerular function and pathology. Glomerular filtration depends on comparably high intracapillary hydrostatic pressures. These high pressures must be balanced by commensurate counterforces to maintain structural integrity. Elevated pressures can damage the glomerulus. The window for pressures high enough for effective filtration and yet tolerable to the glomerulus is narrow. Precise regulation is therefore necessary to keep intraglomerular pressure within an appropriate range. This study provides a comprehensive description of the glomerular arterioles, which are the vessels primarily responsible for the regulation of intraglomerular pressures. It thereby describes the structures which may be presumed to generate counterforces needed to assure structural stability. The arterioles are closely associated with the supporting system comprised of the intra- and extraglomerular mesangium. The extraglomerular mesangium forms a spider-like clamp providing a mechanical interconnection of all components of the vascular pole. At the same time, it may act as a tension receptor, i.e. as a sensor of intraglomerular pressures. Due to its intimate relationship to the macula densa, the extraglomerular mesangium receives information on the distal solute delivery and therefore may act as the integrative center within the juxtaglomerular apparatus. The close spatial association between the afferent and efferent arterioles at the vascular pole suggests a direct regulatory interaction between both arterioles. In addition, the specific wall structure of the efferent arteriole exhibiting the features of a shear stress receptor suggests new pathways for feedback regulation of glomerular hemodynamics. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, E-Book Anton N Sidawy, Bruce A Perler, 2018-04-03 Through nine outstanding editions, Rutherford's Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy has been the gold standard text in this fast-changing, complex field. Published in association with the Society for Vascular Surgery, this state-of-the-art reference by Drs. Anton N. Sidawy and Bruce A. Perler is a must-have for vascular surgeons, interventionalists, vascular medicine specialists, and trainees, as well as general surgeons, interventional radiologists, and cardiologists that depend upon Rutherford’s in their practice. It offers authoritative guidance from the most respected and innovative global thought leaders and clinical and basic science experts in the diagnosis and treatment of circulatory disease. Incorporates medical, endovascular, and surgical treatment, as well as diagnostic techniques, decision making, and fundamental vascular biology. Features all vascular imaging techniques, offering a non-invasive evaluation of both the morphology and hemodynamics of the vascular system. Provides unparalleled insight from multidisciplinary leaders worldwide, who share their expertise on the most appropriate contemporary and future treatment of circulatory disease. Employs a full-color layout and images so you can view clinical and physical findings and operative techniques more vividly. Includes 40 new chapters incorporating a shorter, more focused format with a summary for each chapter that provides a quick access to key information – ideal for consultation situations as well as daily practice. Some of these chapters are organized in new sections dedicated to open operative exposure and vessel dissection techniques, diabetic foot, Pediatric Vascular Disease, and practice management issues; areas in the specialty that clinicians frequently face but seldom detailed in other vascular texts nor in earlier Rutherford editions. Covers hot topics such as endovascular therapy of aortic arch and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm disease, including the evolving management of aortic dissections. Expert ConsultTM eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Fischbach's A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests Frances Fischbach, Margaret Fischbach, Kate Stout, 2021-09-01 Up to date and easy to navigate, Fischbach’s A Manual of Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests, 11th Edition, details an extensive array of laboratory and diagnostic tests to prepare nurses and health professionals to deliver safe, effective, informed patient care. This proven manual is organized the way nurses think — by specimen, function, and test type— and provides current, comprehensive, step-by-step guidance on correct procedures, tips for accurate interpretation, and expert information on patient preparation and aftercare. |
| a study of blood tissue is called: Pathogenesis of Fibrosis , 1994 |
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