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The Evolution and Significance of Abbreviations for Political Science
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, Professor of Political Science and Information Science, University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Vance has over 20 years of experience in political science research and has published extensively on the intersection of information technology and political discourse, including several papers on the use and impact of abbreviations in academic and public spheres.
Keyword: abbreviation for political science
Abstract: This article explores the historical development and contemporary relevance of abbreviations used in the field of political science. We will examine the reasons behind their adoption, their impact on communication and accessibility, and the potential implications of their widespread use. The analysis considers various abbreviations, from commonly used acronyms like "PS" to more specialized abbreviations within subfields.
1. Introduction: The Need for Concise Communication in Political Science
Political science, as a discipline, grapples with complex systems, intricate theories, and dense terminology. The sheer volume of information processed daily necessitates efficient methods of communication. This drive for efficiency has led to the widespread adoption of abbreviations for political science, both formally and informally. This article delves into the evolution of these abbreviations, considering their practical benefits and potential drawbacks. Understanding the context and usage of "abbreviation for political science" is crucial for navigating the field effectively.
2. Historical Context: From Formal Acronyms to Informal Short-Hands
The use of abbreviations in academia is not new; scientific fields have long employed shorthand notations for efficiency. In political science, the formal adoption of abbreviations started gaining traction alongside the rise of modern political science as a discipline in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Early uses were primarily confined to formal academic settings, using longer acronyms like "Pol. Sci." or "Political Science." These early abbreviations reflected a formal tone consistent with the academic conventions of the time.
The emergence of digital communication significantly influenced the development and use of abbreviations for political science. The constraints of character limits in early online forums and the burgeoning use of social media contributed to the prevalence of shorter, more informal abbreviations, such as "PS" or even single-letter representations depending on the context. This evolution reveals a fascinating interplay between formal academic conventions and the rapidly changing dynamics of digital communication. The abbreviation for political science has, therefore, adapted to the changing communication landscape.
3. Common Abbreviations and their Usage
The most widely recognized abbreviation for political science is undoubtedly "PS." Its simplicity and ease of use have contributed to its widespread adoption across academic papers, online discussions, and even professional organizations. Other abbreviations, more context-specific, exist within various subfields. For instance, within international relations, you might encounter abbreviations referencing specific international organizations or treaties. Analyzing the prevalence and usage patterns of different abbreviations for political science reveals valuable insights into the field's internal dynamics and communication practices.
4. The Impact of Abbreviations on Accessibility and Inclusivity
The use of abbreviations for political science presents a double-edged sword. While they promote efficiency and conciseness, they can simultaneously pose barriers to accessibility for those unfamiliar with the shorthand. This is particularly true for students or individuals new to the field, who might struggle to comprehend the meaning of various abbreviations without sufficient prior knowledge. The increasing reliance on informal, context-specific abbreviations in online forums further exacerbates this accessibility challenge. Striking a balance between efficient communication and inclusive practices remains a critical consideration in the ongoing use of abbreviations for political science.
5. Abbreviations and the Evolution of Academic Discourse
The use of abbreviations reflects the larger evolution of academic discourse itself. The trend towards concise communication, driven in part by the demands of digital platforms, impacts not only how political scientists communicate but also how they construct their arguments and engage in scholarly debates. The very act of shortening complex concepts into abbreviations can, at times, oversimplify nuanced arguments or obscure underlying complexities. This potential for misinterpretation underscores the importance of careful and considerate usage of abbreviations for political science.
6. Future Trends and Considerations
The future of abbreviations in political science is likely to be shaped by several factors. The continuing influence of digital communication platforms will likely favor shorter, informal abbreviations. However, a countervailing trend might emerge, emphasizing clarity and accessibility for a wider audience. This suggests a potential shift toward more standardized and widely understood abbreviations, complemented by clear definitions and explanations. The ideal scenario would be a balance between concise expression and accessible communication.
7. Conclusion
The evolution of the abbreviation for political science reflects the broader changes in academic communication and the influence of digital technology. While abbreviations offer significant advantages in terms of efficiency and conciseness, careful consideration must be given to their potential impact on accessibility and the potential for misinterpretation. Balancing brevity with clarity remains a crucial challenge for political scientists, and the judicious use of abbreviations will continue to be an important aspect of scholarly discourse.
FAQs
1. What is the most common abbreviation for political science? The most common abbreviation is "PS."
2. Are there any disadvantages to using abbreviations in political science? Yes, using abbreviations can hinder accessibility for newcomers and potentially lead to misinterpretations if not used carefully.
3. How have digital platforms influenced the use of abbreviations in political science? Digital platforms have encouraged shorter, more informal abbreviations due to character limits and the fast-paced nature of online communication.
4. Are there any guidelines for using abbreviations in academic writing? While there aren't strict guidelines, clarity and avoiding ambiguity are crucial. Always define abbreviations the first time they are used.
5. Can the use of abbreviations affect the rigor of academic arguments? Oversimplification through the use of abbreviations could potentially weaken the nuance of complex arguments.
6. How can we ensure inclusivity in using abbreviations in political science? Providing clear definitions and using standard abbreviations whenever possible can improve accessibility.
7. Are there any ethical considerations involved in using abbreviations? Yes, ensuring clarity and avoiding intentional obfuscation are ethical considerations.
8. What is the future of abbreviation use in political science? Future use will likely be shaped by a balance between the need for brevity and the need for clarity and inclusivity.
9. Where can I find more information on abbreviations used in specific political science subfields? Consult professional journals, specialized textbooks, and online resources for each subfield.
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1. "The Impact of Social Media on Political Science Discourse": Explores how social media's character limits and fast-paced nature have influenced the use of abbreviations in political debate.
2. "Accessibility in Academic Writing: A Case Study of Political Science": Analyzes the accessibility challenges posed by abbreviations and jargon in political science publications.
3. "A Comparative Analysis of Abbreviations Used in International Relations": Examines the variations and trends in abbreviation usage within the subfield of international relations.
4. "The Evolution of Acronyms in Political Science Journals (1900-2020)": A historical analysis of the shift in abbreviation usage in political science publications over time.
5. "Abbreviations and Jargon in Political Science Textbooks: A Pedagogical Perspective": Focuses on the challenges faced by students due to the use of abbreviations in textbooks.
6. "The Role of Abbreviations in Online Political Science Communities": Investigates the prevalence and patterns of abbreviation use within online forums and discussion groups.
7. "Standardizing Abbreviations in Political Science: A Proposal for Best Practices": Suggests a set of guidelines for improved clarity and consistency in abbreviation usage.
8. "A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Abbreviations in Political Science Research": Compares and contrasts the use of abbreviations across different national contexts.
9. "The Semiotics of Abbreviations in Political Communication": Analyzes the meaning and impact of abbreviations within a wider framework of political communication theory.
Publisher: The Journal of Political Science Research and Methodology, a leading peer-reviewed journal specializing in research methods and communication practices within the field of political science. The publisher’s authority is established through its rigorous review process and its focus on cutting-edge research in the field.
Editor: Dr. Samuel Adams, Professor of Political Communication, Harvard University. Dr. Adams's expertise in political communication and his experience editing scholarly publications add significant credibility to the article's findings.
| abbreviation for political science: International Encyclopedia of Abbreviations and Acronyms in Science and Technology , 2007 International Encyclopedia of Abbreviations and Acronyms in Science and Technology and the supplementary annuals for the years 2000 to 2006 now have over 1 million entries. This comprehensive reference work contains acronyms from a variety of disciplines and walks of life. It includes not only officially acknowledged abbreviations, but also takes out-of-date forms into account as well as those in general everyday use. This extensive database has now been updated and indexed for individual fields of science and areas of society. This work extends and enlarges the basic work, beginning with Series A, covering abbreviation from the areas of politics, history and society. The series is published in two volumes, each with approximately 68,000 entries and their corresponding terms. |
| abbreviation for political science: International Encyclopedia of Abbreviations and Acronyms in Science and Technology Michael Peschke, 2007 |
| abbreviation for political science: Ambiguities of Domination Lisa Wedeen, 2015-09-09 Treating rhetoric and symbols as central rather than peripheral to politics, Lisa Wedeen’s groundbreaking book offers a compelling counterargument to those who insist that politics is primarily about material interests and the groups advocating for them. During the thirty-year rule of President Hafiz al-Asad’s regime, his image was everywhere. In newspapers, on television, and during orchestrated spectacles. Asad was praised as the “father,” the “gallant knight,” even the country’s “premier pharmacist.” Yet most Syrians, including those who create the official rhetoric, did not believe its claims. Why would a regime spend scarce resources on a personality cult whose content is patently spurious? Wedeen shows how such flagrantly fictitious claims were able to produce a politics of public dissimulation in which citizens acted as if they revered the leader. By inundating daily life with tired symbolism, the regime exercised a subtle, yet effective form of power. The cult worked to enforce obedience, induce complicity, isolate Syrians from one another, and set guidelines for public speech and behavior. Wedeen‘s ethnographic research demonstrates how Syrians recognized the disciplinary aspects of the cult and sought to undermine them. In a new preface, Wedeen discusses the uprising against the Syrian regime that began in 2011 and questions the usefulness of the concept of legitimacy in trying to analyze and understand authoritarian regimes. |
| abbreviation for political science: The New Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography Gordon L. Clark, Maryann P. Feldman, Meric S. Gertler, Dariusz Wójcik, 2018 The first fifteen years of the 21st century have thrown into sharp relief the challenges of growth, equity, stability, and sustainability facing the world economy. In addition, they have exposed the inadequacies of mainstream economics in providing answers to these challenges. This volume gathers over 50 leading scholars from around the world to offer a forward-looking perspective of economic geography to understanding the various building blocks, relationships, and trajectories in the world economy. The perspective is at the same time grounded in theory and in the experiences of particular places. Reviewing state-of-the-art of economic geography, setting agendas, and with illustrations and empirical evidence from all over the world, the book should be an essential reference for students, researchers, as well as strategists and policy makers. Building on the success of the first edition, this volume offers a radically revised, updated, and broader approach to economic geography. With the backdrop of the global financial crisis, finance is investigated in chapters on financial stability, financial innovation, global financial networks, the global map of savings and investments, and financialization. Environmental challenges are addressed in chapters on resource economies, vulnerability of regions to climate change, carbon markets, and energy transitions. Distribution and consumption feature alongside more established topics on the firm, innovation, and work. The handbook also captures the theoretical and conceptual innovations of the last fifteen years, including evolutionary economic geography and the global production networks approach. Addressing the dangers of inequality, instability, and environmental crisis head-on, the volume concludes with strategies for growth and new ways of envisioning the spatiality of economy for the future. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Oxford Handbook of Shakespeare and Music Christopher R. Wilson, Mervyn Cooke, 2022 This compendium reflects the latest international research into the many and various uses of music in relation to Shakespeare's plays and poems, the contributors' lines of enquiry extending from the Bard's own time to the present day. The coverage is global in its scope, and includes studies of Shakespeare-related music in countries as diverse as China, the Czech Republic, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Russia, South Africa, Sweden, and the Soviet Union, as well as the more familiar Anglophone musical and theatrical traditions of the UK and USA. The range of genres surveyed by the book's team of distinguished authors embraces music for theatre, opera, ballet, musicals, the concert hall, and film, in addition to Shakespeare's ongoing afterlives in folk music, jazz, and popular music. The authors take a range of diverse approaches: some investigate the evidence for performative practices in the Early Modern and later eras, while others offer detailed analyses of representative case studies, situating these firmly in their cultural contexts, or reflecting on the political and sociological ramifications of the music. As a whole, the volume provides a wide-ranging compendium of cutting-edge scholarship engaging with an extraordinarily rich body of music without parallel in the history of the global arts-- |
| abbreviation for political science: The Oxford Handbook of Tense and Aspect Robert I. Binnick, 2012-06-14 This Handbook is a comprehensive, authoritative, and accessible guide to the topics and theories that current form the front line of research into tense, aspect, and related areas. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Oxford Handbook of International Adjudication Cesare Romano, Karen Alter, Yuval Shany, 2014 This Oxford Handbook provides interdisciplinary perspectives on international adjudication, analysing the proliferation of international courts and tribunals from the perspective of both international law and political science. It presents the different theoretical approaches to these courts, their main functions, and the issues confronting them. |
| abbreviation for political science: The International Law of State Responsibility Robert Kolb, 2017-04-28 This highly readable book examines the law of State responsibility, presenting it as a fundamental aspect of public international law. Covering the key aspects of the topic, it combines a clear overview with use of specific case studies in order to provide a deeper understanding. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Presidency and Political Science Raymond Tatalovich, Thomas S. Engeman, 2003-07-29 This is the first book to survey the intellectual history of presidential scholarship from the Founding to the late 20th century. Reviewing the work of over sixty thinkers, including Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, Woodrow Wilson, Richard Neustadt, James McGregor Burns, and Theodore Lowi, the authors identify six central questions, the answers to which can help form a theory of presidential power: • Does presidential power derive from the prerogatives of office or from incumbency?• Does presidential influence depend upon force of personality, rhetorical leadership, or partisanship?• Does presidential leadership depend upon historical context or is regime-building manifested through political, institutional, and constitutional developments?• Does presidential leadership vary between domestic and foreign affairs?• Does the president actively or passively engage the legislative process and promote a policy agenda?• Does the organization of the executive branch service presidential leadership? Arguing that three paradigms have dominated the history of presidential scholarship—Hamiltonianism, Jeffersonianism, and Progressivism—the authors conclude that today's understanding of the presidency is characterized by a new realism and old idealism. This book will appeal to students and scholars as well as to general readers with an interest in the American presidency. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law Markus Dirk Dubber, Tatjana Hörnle, 2014 Providing scholars with a comprehensive international resource, a common point of entry into cutting edge contemporary research and a snapshot of the state and scope of the field, The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law takes a broad approach to its subject matter - disciplinarily, geographically, and systematically. |
| abbreviation for political science: Empirical Research and Writing Leanne C. Powner, 2014-11-04 Students can easily misstep when they first begin to do research. Leanne C. Powner’s new title Empirical Research and Writing: A Student′s Practical Guide provides valuable advice and guidance on conducting and writing about empirical research. Chapter by chapter, students are guided through the key steps in the research process. Written in a lively and engaging manner and with a dose of humor, this practical text shows students exactly how to choose a research topic, conduct a literature review, make research design decisions, collect and analyze data, and then write up and present the results. The book′s approachable style and just-in-time information delivery make it a text students will want to read, and its wide-ranging and surprisingly sophisticated coverage will make it an important resource for their later coursework. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Oxford Dictionary of Abbreviations , 1992 |
| abbreviation for political science: The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflict Andrew Clapham, Paola Gaeta, 2014-03 Written by a team of distinguished and internationally renowned experts, this Oxford Handbook gives an analytical overview of international law as it applies in armed conflicts. The Handbook draws on international humanitarian law, human rights law, and the law of neutrality to provide a comprehensive picture of the status of law in war. |
| abbreviation for political science: Proceedings of the American Political Science Association American Political Science Association. Meeting, 1913 Contains addresses, papers, and reports of business conducted at meetings of the Association. |
| abbreviation for political science: Political Science in Europe Thibaud Boncourt, Isabelle Engeli, Diego Garzia, 2020-05-28 The last half-century has been a defining period for the development of political science in Europe: disciplinary norms have become institutionalized in professional organizations, training units, and research centres; the scholarly community has dramatically grown in size across the continent; the analytical and methodological tools of the discipline are increasingly sophisticated; and the knowledge disseminated under the label political science is bigger than it has ever been. Political Science in Europe takes stock of these developments and reflects on the achievements of the discipline, and the challenges it faces. Is there a distinctive European blend of political science? Is the European political science community cohesive and inclusive? How does the discipline cope with the neoliberalisation of academia, and the diffusion of illiberal politics? Leading and up-and-coming political scientists answer these questions by discussing the discipline's key concepts and intellectual trends, its professional structures, and its relationship with its social, economic, and political environment. |
| abbreviation for political science: Abbreviations Dictionary Dean A. Stahl, Karen Landen, 2018-10-08 Published in 2001: Abbreviations, nicknames, jargon, and other short forms save time, space, and effort - provided they are understood. Thousands of new and potentially confusing terms become part of the international vocabulary each year, while our communications are relayed to one another with increasing speed. PDAs link to PCs. The Net has grown into data central, shopping mall, and grocery store all rolled into one. E-mail is faster than snail mail, cell phones are faster yet - and it is all done 24/7. Longtime and widespread use of certain abbreviations, such as R.S.V.P., has made them better understood standing alone than spelled out. Certainly we are more comfortable saying DNA than deoxyribonucleic acid - but how many people today really remember what the initials stand for? The Abbreviations Dictionary, Tenth Edition gives you this and other information from Airlines of the World to the Zodiacal Signs. |
| abbreviation for political science: Directory of European political scientists European Consortium for Political Research, University of Essex. Compiled and ed. by the Central Services of the ECPR, 2016-11-07 |
| abbreviation for political science: Our Enemies and US Ido Oren, 2003 Oren reveals the fervently pro-German views of the founder of the discipline, John W. Burgess, who stated that the Teutonic race was politically superior to all others, and he presents evidence of a long-term, intimate relationship between the discipline and the national security agencies of the U.S. government.--BOOK JACKET. |
| abbreviation for political science: Latecomer State Formation Sebastián Mazzuca, 2021-05-11 A major contribution to the field of comparative state formation and the scholarship on long-term political development of Latin America Ambitious and rich. . . . A sweeping and general theory of state formation and detailed historical reconstruction of essential events in Latin American political development. It combines structural elements with a novel emphasis on the political incentives and bargaining that shaped the map we have today.--Hillel David Soifer, Governance Latin American governments systematically fail to provide the key public goods for their societies to prosper. Sebastián Mazzuca argues that the secret of Latin America's failure is that its states were born weak, in contrast to states in western Europe, North America, and Japan. State formation in post-Independence Latin America occurred in a period when capitalism, rather than war, was the key driver forging countries. In pursuing the short-term benefits of international trade, Latin American leaders created states with chronic weaknesses, notably patrimonial administrations and dysfunctional regional combinations. Mazzuca analyzes pathways leading to variations in country size and level of pacification: port-led state formation in Argentina and Brazil; party-led in Mexico, Colombia, and Uruguay; and lord-led in Central America, Venezuela, and Peru. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies Elizabeth Jeffreys, John F. Haldon, Robin Cormack, 2008 The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies presents discussions by leading experts on all significant aspects of this diverse and fast-growing field. Byzantine Studies deals with the history and culture of the Byzantine Empire, the eastern half of the Late Roman Empire, from the fourth to the fourteenth century. Its centre was the city formerly known as Byzantium, refounded as Constantinople in 324 CE, the present-day Istanbul. Under its emperors, patriarchs, and all-pervasive bureaucracy Byzantium developed a distinctive society: Greek in language, Roman in legal system, and Christian in religion. Byzantium's impact in the European Middle Ages is hard to over-estimate, as a bulwark against invaders, as a meeting-point for trade from Asia and the Mediterranean, as a guardian of the classical literary and artistic heritage, and as a creator of its own magnificent artistic style. |
| abbreviation for political science: United States Code United States, 2013 The United States Code is the official codification of the general and permanent laws of the United States of America. The Code was first published in 1926, and a new edition of the code has been published every six years since 1934. The 2012 edition of the Code incorporates laws enacted through the One Hundred Twelfth Congress, Second Session, the last of which was signed by the President on January 15, 2013. It does not include laws of the One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session, enacted between January 2, 2013, the date it convened, and January 15, 2013. By statutory authority this edition may be cited U.S.C. 2012 ed. As adopted in 1926, the Code established prima facie the general and permanent laws of the United States. The underlying statutes reprinted in the Code remained in effect and controlled over the Code in case of any discrepancy. In 1947, Congress began enacting individual titles of the Code into positive law. When a title is enacted into positive law, the underlying statutes are repealed and the title then becomes legal evidence of the law. Currently, 26 of the 51 titles in the Code have been so enacted. These are identified in the table of titles near the beginning of each volume. The Law Revision Counsel of the House of Representatives continues to prepare legislation pursuant to 2 U.S.C. 285b to enact the remainder of the Code, on a title-by-title basis, into positive law. The 2012 edition of the Code was prepared and published under the supervision of Ralph V. Seep, Law Revision Counsel. Grateful acknowledgment is made of the contributions by all who helped in this work, particularly the staffs of the Office of the Law Revision Counsel and the Government Printing Office--Preface. |
| abbreviation for political science: Political Science Roger C. Lowery, Sue A. Cody, 1993 |
| abbreviation for political science: Party System Closure Fernando Casal Bértoa, Zsolt Enyedi, 2021 Party System Closure maps trends in interparty relations in Europe from 1848 until 2019. It investigates how the length of democratic experience, the institutionalization of individual parties, the fragmentation of parliaments, and the support for anti-establishment parties, shape the degree of institutionalization of party systems. The analyses presented answer the questions of whether predictability in partisan interactions is necessary for the survival of democratic regimes and whether it improves or undermines the quality of democracy. The developments of party politics at the elite level are contrasted with the dynamics of voting behaviour. The comparisons of distinct historical periods and of macro-regions provide a comprehensive picture of the European history of party competition and cooperation. The empirical overview presented in the book is based on a novel conceptual framework and features party composition data of more than a thousand European governments. Party systems are analysed in terms of poles and blocs, and the degree of closure and of polarization is related to a new party system typology. The book demonstrates that information collected from partisan interactions at the time of government formation can reveal changes that characterise the party system as a whole. The empirical results confirm that the Cold War period (1945-1989) was exceptionally stable, while the post-Berlin-Wall era shows signs of disintegration, although more at the level of voters than at the level of elites. After three decades of democratic politics in Europe (1990-2019), the West and the South are looking increasingly like the East, especially in terms of the level of party de-institutionalization. The West and the South are becoming more polarised than the East, but in terms of parliamentary fragmentation, the party systems of the South and the East are converging, while the West is diverging from the rest with its increasingly high number of parties. As far as our central concept, party system closure, is concerned, thanks to the gradual process of stabilization in the East, and the recent de-institutionalization in the West and South, the regional differences are declining. Comparative Politics is a series for researchers, teachers, and students of political science that deals with contemporary government and politics. Global in scope, books in the series are characterised by a stress on comparative analysis and strong methodological rigour. The series is published in association with the European Consortium for Political Research. For more information visit: www.ecprnet.eu. The series is edited by Susan Scarrow, Chair of the Department of Political Science, University of Houston, and Jonathan Slapin, Professor of Political Institutions and European Politics, Department of Political Science, University of Zurich. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Elements of Political Science ... Patrick Edward Dove, 1854 |
| abbreviation for political science: Reverse Acronyms, Initialisms & Abbreviations Dictionary Gale Research Company, 1978 Also called vol. 3 of Acronyms, Initialisms & Abbreviations Dictionary, 6th ed. |
| abbreviation for political science: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms United States. Joint Chiefs of Staff, 1979 |
| abbreviation for political science: Periodical Title and Abbreviation by Abbreviation Leland G. Alkire, Cheryl Westerman-Alkire, 2006 Volume 1 is a comprehensive dictionary with more than 230,000 entries. It covers periodicals from a wide variety of subjects, including: science, social sciences, humanities, law, medicine, religion, library science, engineering, education, business, and art. Volume 1lists, in a single in letter-by-letter sequence, abbreviations commonly used for periodicals together with their full titles. |
| abbreviation for political science: Comprehensive Thematic Abbreviation Dictionary in Psychology and Its Relevant Sciences Shahriar Abbassi, 2020-11 This manuscript includes all generally used and professional abbreviations and acronyms in Psychology and its branches like Analytical, Clinical, Cognitive, Educational, Emotional, Family, Forensic, General, Human, Individual, Industrial, Sexual, Social, and Sports Psychology and also its related fields of science and practice, for example : Addiction, Behavioral Science, Counseling, Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, Hypnosis, Neurology, Neuroscience, Social Work, Psychosomatic Medicine, Mental Health & Hygiene, Sociology and Parapsychology. Geographical Considerations - relevant abbreviations in other European languages and Psychology Abbreviations usually used in English- Speaking Countries - have been added too. It is an extensive Abbreviation Dictionary with thematic classification of about 400 Entries (Chapters). The book also includes an additional section titled Concise List of Psychology Terms (Psychological Terminology) at the end of it. The main remarkable and probably innovative specifications of the book are as follows:1. Comprehensiveness, Breadth and Variety of Content2. Thematic Classification (based on subjects)3. Entries (Chapters) in other European Languages and Countries |
| abbreviation for political science: Neoliberal Parliamentarism Tom McDowell, 2021 Neoliberal Parliamentarism analyzes the evolution of parliamentary process at the Ontario Legislature between 1981 and 2021. |
| abbreviation for political science: Guide to Foreign and International Legal Citations , 2006 Formerly known as the International Citation Manual--p. xv. |
| abbreviation for political science: Political Science Fouad Sabry, 2024-07-30 What is Political Science? Political Science offers a comprehensive overview of the field, covering key theories, methodologies, and contemporary issues. This essential guide provides insights into political systems, behavior, and institutions, making it indispensable for students and practitioners alike. Chapters Overviews: Chapter 1: Political Science - Discover the foundational principles and evolution of political science. Chapter 2: List of Political Scientists - Meet influential political scientists and understand their contributions. Chapter 3: Comparative Politics - Compare different political systems and their functions. Chapter 4: Outline of Political Science - Explore a structured overview of political science's major areas. Chapter 5: Academic Discipline - Examine political science's methodologies and research approaches. Chapter 6: Bush School of Government and Public Service - Learn about this institution's impact on political science education. Chapter 7: Causal Inference - Investigate methods to determine causality in political phenomena. Chapter 8: Master of Science in Development Administration - Focus on governance in developing regions. Chapter 9: Frans van Vught - Discover his influence on higher education policy and research. Chapter 10: Jonathan Wilkenfeld - Study his contributions to international conflict and crisis management. Chapter 11: Management Science - Apply organizational theories to political institutions. Chapter 12: Social Science - Situate political science within the broader context of social sciences. Chapter 13: Regional Science - Focus on spatial and regional aspects of political phenomena. Chapter 14: Outline of Academic Disciplines - View political science within the wider academic landscape. Chapter 15: Communication Studies - Examine the role of media in politics. Chapter 16: Public Administration - Learn about theories and practices of public administration. Chapter 17: List of Political Science Journals - Stay updated with leading political science journals. Chapter 18: Public Policy School - Understand the role of public policy schools in shaping leaders. Chapter 19: Alex Mintz - Explore his work in political psychology and decision-making. Chapter 20: Outline of Social Science - See the interconnectedness of political science with other social sciences. Chapter 21: List of Academic Fields - Get an overview of academic fields related to political science. Why This Book Matters: This book is for professionals, students, enthusiasts, and anyone seeking in-depth knowledge of Political Science. By answering top public questions and providing detailed insights, Political Science offers more value than its cost, ensuring readers gain a profound understanding of the political world. |
| abbreviation for political science: Elsevier's Dictionary of Acronyms, Initialisms, Abbreviations and Symbols Fioretta. Benedetto Mattia, 2003-09-30 The dictionary contains an alphabetical listing of approximately 30,000 (thirty thousand) acronyms, initialisms, abbreviations and symbols covering approximately 2,000 fields and subfields ranging from Pelagic Ecology to Anthrax Disease, Artificial Organs to Alternative Cancer Therapies, Age-related Disorders to Auditory Brainstem Implants, Educational Web Sites to Biodefense, Biomedical Gerontology to Brain Development, Cochlear Implants to Cellular Phones, Constructed Viruses to Copper Metabolism, Drug Discovery Programs to Drug-resistant Strains, Eugenics to Epigenetics, Epilepsy Drugs to Fertility Research, Genetically Modified Foods/Crops to Futuristic Cars, Genetic Therapies to Glycobiology, Herbicide-tolerant Crops to Heritable Disorders, Human Chronobiology to Human gene Therapies, Immunization Programs to Lunar Research, Liver Transplantation to Microchip Technology, Mitochondrial Aging to Molecular Gerontology, Neurodegenerative Diseases to Neuropsychology of Aging, Neurosurgery to Next Generation Programs, Obesity Research to Prion Diseases, Quantum Cryptography to Reemerging Diseases, Retinal Degeneration to Rice Genome Research, Social Anthropology to Software Development, Synchrotron Research to Vaccine Developments, Remote Ultrasound Diagnostics to Water Protection, Entomology to Chemical Terrorism and hundreds of others, as well as abbreviations/acronyms/initialisms relating to European Community and U.S., Japanese and International Programs/Projects/Initiatives from year 2000 up to 2010 as well as World Bank Programs. |
| abbreviation for political science: The Chicago Manual of Style University of Chicago. Press, 2003 Searchable electronic version of print product with fully hyperlinked cross-references. |
| abbreviation for political science: Reverse Acronyms, Initialisms & Abbreviations Dictionary Mary Rose Bonk, 2003 |
| abbreviation for political science: Rethinking Social Inquiry Henry E. Brady, David Collier, 2010-09-16 With innovative new chapters on process tracing, regression analysis, and natural experiments, the second edition of Rethinking Social Inquiry further extends the reach of this path-breaking book. The original debate with King, Keohane, and Verba_now updated_remains central to the volume, and the new material illuminates evolving discussions of essential methodological tools. Thus, process tracing is often invoked as fundamental to qualitative analysis, but is rarely applied with precision. Pitfalls of regression analysis are sometimes noted, but often are inadequately examined. And the complex assumptions and trade-offs of natural experiments are poorly understood. The second edition extends the methodological horizon through exploring these critical tools. A distinctive feature of this edition is the online placement of four chapters from the prior edition, all focused on the dialogue with King, Keohane, and Verba. Also posted online are exercises for teaching process tracing and understanding process tracing. |
| abbreviation for political science: Reverse Acronyms, Initialisms, & Abbreviations Dictionary Ellen T. Crowley, 1982 Band 3. |
| abbreviation for political science: International Encyclopedia of Political Science Bertrand Badie, Dirk Berg-Schlosser, Leonardo Morlino, 2011-09-07 Developed in partnership with the International Political Science Association this must-have, authoritative political science resource, in eight volumes, provides a definitive picture of all aspects of political life. |
| abbreviation for political science: Code book for the analysis of media frames in articles on REDD Di Gregorio, M., Price, S., Saunders, C., Brockhaus, M., 2013-07-30 Nothing provided |
| abbreviation for political science: Digital Inequalities in the Global South Massimo Ragnedda, Anna Gladkova, 2020-06-29 This book discusses how digital inequalities today may lead to other types of inequalities in the Global South. Contributions to this collection move past discussing an access problem – a binary division between ‘haves and have-nots’ – to analyse complex inequalities in the internet use, benefits, and opportunities of people in the Global South region. Using specific case studies, this book underlines how communities in the Global South are now attempting to participate in the information age despite high costs, a lack of infrastructure, and more barriers to entry. Contributions discuss the recent changes in the Global South. These changes include greater technological availability, the spread of digital literacy programs and computer courses, and the overall growth in engagement of people from different backgrounds, ethnicities, and languages in digital environments. This book outlines and evaluates the role of state and public institutions in facilitating these changes and consequently bridging the digital divide. |
| abbreviation for political science: China's Western Horizon Daniel Markey, 2020 Under the ambitious leadership of President Xi Jinping, China is zealously transforming its wealth and economic power into potent tools of global political influence. But China's foreign policy initiatives, even the vaunted Belt and Road, will be shaped and redefined as they confront theground realities of local and regional politics outside China. In China's Western Horizon, Daniel S. Markey, a scholar of international relations and former member of the U.S. State Department's policy planning staff, previews how China's efforts are likely to play out in its own backyard: theswath of Eurasia that includes South Asia, Central Asia, and the Middle East. Drawing from his extensive interviews, travels, and historical research, Markey describes how perceptions of China vary widely within states like Pakistan, Kazakhstan, and Iran.The region's powerful and privileged groups often expect to profit from their connections to China, while others fear commercial and political losses. Similarly, statesmen across Eurasia are scrambling to harness China's energy purchases, arms sales, and infrastructure investments as a means tooutdo their strategic competitors, like India and Saudi Arabia, while negotiating relations with Russia and America. On balance, Markey anticipates that China's deepening involvement will play to the advantage of regional strongmen and exacerbate the political tensions within and among Eurasianstates. To make the most of America's limited influence in China's backyard (and elsewhere), he argues that U.S. policymakers should pursue a selective and localized strategy to serve America's aims in Eurasia and to better compete with China over the long run. |
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What is the abbreviation for MANAGEMENT?
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