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Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Anya Sharma, CPA, CFA, holds a PhD in Accounting from the University of California, Berkeley, and has over 15 years of experience in financial reporting, specializing in the complex area of accounting for stock-based compensation. Her research has been published in leading accounting journals, and she frequently consults with Fortune 500 companies on equity compensation matters.
Publisher: This report is published by the Institute of Certified Public Accountants (ICPA), a globally recognized and respected organization dedicated to setting accounting standards and providing continuing professional education for accountants worldwide. The ICPA's commitment to accuracy and adherence to Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) ensures the reliability of its publications.
Editor: Mr. David Chen, CPA, CA, has 20 years of experience in public accounting, with a significant focus on auditing companies with complex equity compensation plans. His expertise in the intricacies of accounting for stock-based compensation ensures the accuracy and clarity of this report.
Keywords: accounting for stock-based compensation, stock options, equity compensation, employee stock options, share-based payments, IFRS 2, ASC 718, expense recognition, fair value, valuation, accounting standards.
1. Introduction to Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
Accounting for stock-based compensation involves recognizing the cost of equity awards granted to employees and other service providers. This differs significantly from traditional compensation, which is directly expensed. The rationale behind expensing stock-based compensation stems from the inherent cost to the company: they are foregoing a portion of future earnings by issuing shares or options. Accurate accounting for stock-based compensation is crucial for presenting a true and fair view of a company's financial position and performance. Failure to properly account for these transactions can lead to misstated financial statements, impacting investor decisions and potentially resulting in regulatory penalties.
2. Key Accounting Standards: IFRS 2 and ASC 718
The primary accounting standards governing stock-based compensation are IFRS 2 (International Financial Reporting Standards 2) and ASC 718 (Accounting Standards Codification 718) in the United States. Both standards require companies to recognize compensation expense over the vesting period of the equity awards. This differs from previous practices where many companies chose to not expense these awards. The transition to expensing these items has been significant in shaping financial statements and requires a detailed understanding of fair value methodologies. Understanding the nuances of each standard, especially the different valuation techniques allowed, is vital for accurate accounting for stock-based compensation.
3. Valuation of Stock-Based Compensation
Accurate valuation of stock-based compensation is paramount. The fair value of the equity awards at the grant date is the basis for calculating the expense. Several valuation models are used, including the Black-Scholes model, binomial models, and lattice models, each with its own assumptions and complexities. The choice of model depends on the specific characteristics of the equity award, such as the type of option (e.g., employee stock options, restricted stock units), vesting terms, and market conditions. The selection and application of these models are subject to stringent scrutiny by auditors. Furthermore, accounting for stock-based compensation requires careful consideration of volatility, expected life, and risk-free interest rates, all critical inputs influencing the fair value calculation. Data from reliable sources, such as historical stock prices and market indices, are essential for accurate valuations. Research indicates that variations in valuation methodologies can significantly affect the reported compensation expense. A thorough understanding of these models and their limitations is therefore critical for appropriate accounting for stock-based compensation.
4. Expense Recognition and Amortization
Once the fair value is determined, the expense is recognized over the vesting period. This typically involves a systematic allocation of the total compensation expense to each reporting period. The vesting period is the time an employee must work for the company to receive the stock or options. For awards with performance-based vesting conditions, the expense recognition is adjusted based on the likelihood of achieving the performance criteria. This often involves probabilistic assessments and can significantly impact the expense recognized each period. Accounting for stock-based compensation in these scenarios necessitates a robust understanding of probability analysis. Moreover, the accounting treatment also varies based on the type of equity award. For example, restricted stock units (RSUs) might have different accounting implications compared to employee stock options (ESOs).
5. Disclosures and Reporting
Comprehensive disclosure is essential when accounting for stock-based compensation. Companies must disclose information such as the nature of the equity awards, the number of shares or options granted, the fair value at grant date, the vesting terms, and the expense recognized in each period. This transparency helps investors and other stakeholders understand the potential impact of stock-based compensation on the company's financial performance and future prospects. Any changes to the terms of the awards or modifications to the compensation plans should also be accurately reflected in the financial statements. This requires diligent record keeping and meticulous tracking of all relevant data. Adequate disclosure is key to maintaining transparency and building trust among stakeholders.
6. Impact on Financial Statements
The expense recognized for stock-based compensation reduces net income, affecting key financial ratios like earnings per share (EPS) and return on equity (ROE). This is a critical point impacting investors' evaluation of the company's financial health. Research shows a significant correlation between the level of stock-based compensation expense and a company's reported earnings. Understanding the impact on financial statements is essential for interpreting the financial health and future prospects of a company, hence mastering accounting for stock-based compensation is pivotal. The effect of expensing stock-based compensation significantly influences several key metrics used in financial analysis.
7. Challenges and Complexities in Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation
Accounting for stock-based compensation is not without its challenges. The valuation process can be complex, requiring significant judgment and expertise. Furthermore, changes in market conditions, changes in company performance, or modifications to the terms of the awards can necessitate adjustments to the expense recognition. Proper accounting for stock-based compensation requires a deep understanding of the underlying accounting standards, valuation models, and financial reporting practices. Navigating the complexities surrounding the accounting for stock-based compensation is a challenge often best addressed through the combined expertise of financial professionals and accounting specialists.
8. Conclusion
Accurate accounting for stock-based compensation is crucial for fair financial reporting. A thorough understanding of the applicable accounting standards, valuation techniques, and expense recognition methods is essential for preparing accurate and reliable financial statements. Companies must ensure that their processes for accounting for stock-based compensation are robust, transparent, and compliant with all relevant regulations. Failure to do so can have significant consequences, ranging from misstated financial results to regulatory penalties.
FAQs:
1. What is the difference between IFRS 2 and ASC 718? While both standards require the expensing of stock-based compensation, they may have slight differences in their specific requirements and interpretations.
2. How is the fair value of stock options determined? Several valuation models are used, including the Black-Scholes model, considering factors like volatility, expected life, and risk-free interest rate.
3. How is the expense recognized over the vesting period? The total expense is generally allocated evenly over the vesting period unless performance-based vesting conditions exist.
4. What disclosures are required for stock-based compensation? Companies must disclose the nature of awards, number of shares, fair value, vesting terms, and expense recognized.
5. How does stock-based compensation affect earnings per share (EPS)? It reduces net income, thus potentially lowering the EPS.
6. What are the potential penalties for incorrect accounting for stock-based compensation? Penalties can include regulatory fines and reputational damage.
7. Can a company change its accounting method for stock-based compensation? Changes are possible, but they need to be disclosed and accounted for according to specific accounting rules.
8. What is the impact of forfeitures on the accounting for stock-based compensation? Forfeitures are typically accounted for retrospectively, adjusting the expense recognized in prior periods.
9. What role does internal control play in ensuring accurate accounting for stock-based compensation? Robust internal controls are essential to ensure accurate recording and reporting of stock-based compensation transactions.
Related Articles:
1. "The Impact of Stock-Based Compensation on Firm Value," Journal of Financial Economics: This article explores the relationship between stock-based compensation and firm valuation.
2. "Valuation of Employee Stock Options: A Comparative Analysis of Different Models," Accounting Horizons: This paper compares and contrasts various valuation models used for employee stock options.
3. "The Effects of IFRS 2 on Financial Reporting Quality," European Accounting Review: This research analyzes the impact of IFRS 2 on the quality of financial reporting.
4. "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation: A Practical Guide," CPA Journal: A practical guide providing step-by-step instructions for accounting for stock-based compensation.
5. "The Role of Auditors in Ensuring Compliance with Stock-Based Compensation Standards," Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory: This article discusses the role of auditors in verifying the accuracy of stock-based compensation accounting.
6. "Performance-Based Vesting and the Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," Journal of Accounting Research: This research delves into the complexities of accounting for performance-based vesting conditions.
7. "Stock-Based Compensation and Corporate Governance," Corporate Governance: An International Review: This article investigates the relationship between stock-based compensation and corporate governance practices.
8. "The Impact of Stock Options on Executive Compensation," Review of Financial Studies: This paper examines the impact of stock options on executive compensation levels and incentives.
9. "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation under US GAAP and IFRS: A Comparative Study," International Journal of Accounting: This study compares and contrasts the accounting treatment of stock-based compensation under US GAAP and IFRS.
| accounting for stock based compensation: Leveraged ESOPs and Employee Buyouts Scott S. Rodrick, 2000 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: IFRS 2 International Accounting Standards Board, 2004 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Accounting for Derivatives Juan Ramirez, 2015-03-23 The derivative practitioner’s expert guide to IFRS 9 application Accounting for Derivatives explains the likely accounting implications of a proposed transaction on derivatives strategy, in alignment with the IFRS 9 standards. Written by a Big Four advisor, this book shares the author’s insights from working with companies to minimise the earnings volatility impact of hedging with derivatives. This second edition includes new chapters on hedging inflation risk and stock options, with new cases on special hedging situations including hedging components of commodity risk. This new edition also covers the accounting treatment of special derivatives situations, such as raising financing through commodity-linked loans, derivatives on own shares and convertible bonds. Cases are used extensively throughout the book, simulating a specific hedging strategy from its inception to maturity following a common pattern. Coverage includes instruments such as forwards, swaps, cross-currency swaps, and combinations of standard options, plus more complex derivatives like knock-in forwards, KIKO forwards, range accruals, and swaps in arrears. Under IFRS, derivatives that do not qualify for hedge accounting may significantly increase earnings volatility. Compliant application of hedge accounting requires expertise across both the standards and markets, with an appropriate balance between derivatives expertise and accounting knowledge. This book helps bridge the divide, providing comprehensive IFRS coverage from a practical perspective. Become familiar with the most common hedging instruments from an IFRS 9 perspective Examine FX risk and hedging of dividends, earnings, and net assets of foreign subsidies Learn new standards surrounding the hedge of commodities, equity, inflation, and foreign and domestic liabilities Challenge the qualification for hedge accounting as the ultimate objective IFRS 9 is set to replace IAS 39, and many practitioners will need to adjust their accounting policies and hedging strategies to conform to the new standard. Accounting for Derivatives is the only book to cover IFRS 9 specifically for the derivatives practitioner, with expert guidance and practical advice. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Compensation and Benefit Design Bashker D. Biswas, 2012-12-07 In Compensation and Benefit Design, Bashker D. Biswas shows exactly how to bring financial rigor to crucial people decisions associated with compensation and benefit program development. This comprehensive book begins by introducing a valuable Human Resource Life Cycle Model for considering compensation and benefit programs. Biswas thoroughly addresses the acquisition component of compensation, as well as issues related to general compensation, equity compensation, and pension accounting. He assesses the full financial impact of executive compensation programs and employee benefit plans, and discusses the unique issues associated with international HR systems and programs. This book contains a full chapter on HR key indicator reporting, and concludes with detailed coverage of trends in human resource accounting, and the deepening linkages between financial and HR planning. Replete with both full and mini case examples throughout, this book will be valuable to a wide spectrum of HR and financial professionals, with titles including compensation and benefits analysts, managers, directors, and consultants; HR specialists, accounting specialists, financial analysts, total rewards directors, controller, finance director, benefits actuaries, executive compensation consultants, corporate regulators, and labor attorneys. It also contains chapter-ending exercises and problems for use by students in HR and finance programs. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Human Resources Guidebook: Second Edition: A Comprehensive Reference Steven M. Bragg, 2015-12-19 The Human Resources Guidebook describes how to plan for the appropriate staffing and skill levels in a business, as well as how to design jobs and tailor recruiting campaigns to attract the correct types of candidates. There is extensive coverage of employee development, including career development, training programs, and succession planning. The book also notes the many types of compensation and benefits, as well as their tax implications, and finishes with coverage of legal issues, including discrimination, related laws, and records management requirements. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Advanced Topics in Equity Compensation Accounting Takis Makridis, National Center for Employee Ownership (U.S.), 2011-01 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: FRS 102 , 2015 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Executive Compensation and Financial Accounting David Aboody, Ron Kasznik, 2010 Executive Compensation and Financial Accounting provides research perspectives on the interface between financial reporting and disclosure policies and executive compensation. In particular, it focuses on two important dimensions: - the effects of compensation-based incentives on executives' financial accounting and disclosure choices, and - the role of financial reporting and income tax regulations in shaping executive compensation practices. Executive Compensation and Financial Accounting examines the key dimensions of the relation between financial accounting and executive compensation. Specifically, the authors examine the extent to which compensation plans create incentives for executives to make particular financial reporting and disclosure choices. They also examine the extent to which accounting regulation creates incentives for firms to design particular compensation plans for their executives. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Crash Course in Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis Matan Feldman, Arkady Libman, 2011-07-20 Seamlessly bridging academic accounting with real-life applications, Crash Course in Accounting and Financial Statement Analysis, Second Edition is the perfect guide to a complete understanding of accounting and financial statement analysis for those with no prior accounting background and those who seek a refresher. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Damodaran on Valuation Aswath Damodaran, 2016-02-08 Aswath Damodaran is simply the best valuation teacher around. If you are interested in the theory or practice of valuation, you should have Damodaran on Valuation on your bookshelf. You can bet that I do. -- Michael J. Mauboussin, Chief Investment Strategist, Legg Mason Capital Management and author of More Than You Know: Finding Financial Wisdom in Unconventional Places In order to be a successful CEO, corporate strategist, or analyst, understanding the valuation process is a necessity. The second edition of Damodaran on Valuation stands out as the most reliable book for answering many of today?s critical valuation questions. Completely revised and updated, this edition is the ideal book on valuation for CEOs and corporate strategists. You'll gain an understanding of the vitality of today?s valuation models and develop the acumen needed for the most complex and subtle valuation scenarios you will face. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: The Acquirer's Multiple Tobias E. Carlisle, 2017-10-16 The Acquirer's Multiple: How the Billionaire Contrarians of Deep Value Beat the Market is an easy-to-read account of deep value investing. The book shows how investors Warren Buffett, Carl Icahn, David Einhorn and Dan Loeb got started and how they do it. Carlisle combines engaging stories with research and data to show how you can do it too. Written by an active value investor, The Acquirer's Multiple provides an insider's view on deep value investing.The Acquirer's Multiple covers: How the billionaire contrarians invest How Warren Buffett got started The history of activist hedge funds How to Beat the Little Book That Beats the Market A simple way to value stocks: The Acquirer's Multiple The secret to beating the market How Carl Icahn got started How David Einhorn and Dan Loeb got started The 9 rules of deep value The Acquirer's Multiple: How the Billionaire Contrarians of Deep Value Beat the Market provides a simple summary of the way deep value investors find stocks that beat the market. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Consider Your Options Kaye A. Thomas, 2005 This is the 2005 edition of the most popular book on employee stock options. It's a major revision from the previous edition, with new design, content and organization to make it even easier for employees to learn what they need to know about their equity compensation. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Pay Without Performance Lucian A. Bebchuk, Jesse M. Fried, 2004 The company is under-performing, its share price is trailing, and the CEO gets...a multi-million-dollar raise. This story is familiar, for good reason: as this book clearly demonstrates, structural flaws in corporate governance have produced widespread distortions in executive pay. Pay without Performance presents a disconcerting portrait of managers' influence over their own pay--and of a governance system that must fundamentally change if firms are to be managed in the interest of shareholders. Lucian Bebchuk and Jesse Fried demonstrate that corporate boards have persistently failed to negotiate at arm's length with the executives they are meant to oversee. They give a richly detailed account of how pay practices--from option plans to retirement benefits--have decoupled compensation from performance and have camouflaged both the amount and performance-insensitivity of pay. Executives' unwonted influence over their compensation has hurt shareholders by increasing pay levels and, even more importantly, by leading to practices that dilute and distort managers' incentives. This book identifies basic problems with our current reliance on boards as guardians of shareholder interests. And the solution, the authors argue, is not merely to make these boards more independent of executives as recent reforms attempt to do. Rather, boards should also be made more dependent on shareholders by eliminating the arrangements that entrench directors and insulate them from their shareholders. A powerful critique of executive compensation and corporate governance, Pay without Performance points the way to restoring corporate integrity and improving corporate performance. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Economic Losses and Mitigation after an Employment Termination Dwight Steward, 2022-02-26 This Palgrave Pivot provides a conceptual and practical discussion of the factors that comprise a standard economic damage model in an employment termination case. This book discusses the economic factors and assumptions that comprise an economic damages model in an employment termination case. It also provides a discussion of the valuation of employee fringe benefits and employee stock option valuations. Background on the concept of discounting and discussions of the required information in employment cases are also provided. Readers are able to see the analysis in action, with case studies revolving around highly skilled individuals, less skilled individuals, public sector employees, highly educated individuals, managers and executives, and defamation and damage to reputation. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Equity Alternatives Joseph S. Adams, Barbara Baksa, Daniel D. Coleman, Daniel Janich, David R. Johanson, Blair Jones, Kay Kemp, Corey M. Rosen, Martin Staubus, Robin Struve, Dan Walter, Eimear Elzy, National Center for Employee Ownership (U.S.), 2012-01-01 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: The Complete Guide to Employee Stock Options Frederick D. Lipman, 2001 Numerous private and public companies offer stock option plans every year to motivate, retain, and reward employees. But implementing the right stock option plan can be a complex and daunting undertaking, without the proper guidance.The Complete Guide to Employee Stock Optionsunravels the mystery of creating a meaningful equity compensation plan for employees that is favorable for the business. Author and attorney Frederick D. Lipman describes in complete detail the legal, operational, and motivational aspects of developing a stock option program, whether it's for the new start-up looking to attract top talent or the venerable company looking for ways to reward its best performing employees. Readers will discover how to: * Understand the pros and cons of different option plans* Implement the right plan to meet the company's future plans* Motivate key employees with equity compensation* Minimize the risk of losing equity in a volatile market* And much moreThis book also includes useful information for employees who want to understand what their stock options mean and how to maximize their profitability. Complete wi |
| accounting for stock based compensation: The Ultimate Accountants' Reference Steven M. Bragg, 2010-01-28 A wide-ranging source of information for the practicing accountant, The Ultimate Accountants' Reference, Third Edition covers accounting regulations for all aspects of financial statements, accounting management reports, and management of the accounting department, including best practices, control systems, and the fast close. It also addresses financing options, pension plans, and taxation options. The perfect daily answer book, accountants and accounting managers will turn to The Ultimate Accountants’ Reference, Third Edition time and again for answers to the largest possible number of accounting issues that are likely to arise. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Accounting Series Releases , 1976 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Pain Management and the Opioid Epidemic National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Health and Medicine Division, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee on Pain Management and Regulatory Strategies to Address Prescription Opioid Abuse, 2017-10-28 Drug overdose, driven largely by overdose related to the use of opioids, is now the leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States. The ongoing opioid crisis lies at the intersection of two public health challenges: reducing the burden of suffering from pain and containing the rising toll of the harms that can arise from the use of opioid medications. Chronic pain and opioid use disorder both represent complex human conditions affecting millions of Americans and causing untold disability and loss of function. In the context of the growing opioid problem, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) launched an Opioids Action Plan in early 2016. As part of this plan, the FDA asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to convene a committee to update the state of the science on pain research, care, and education and to identify actions the FDA and others can take to respond to the opioid epidemic, with a particular focus on informing FDA's development of a formal method for incorporating individual and societal considerations into its risk-benefit framework for opioid approval and monitoring. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Corporate Payout Policy Harry DeAngelo, Linda DeAngelo, Douglas J. Skinner, 2009 Corporate Payout Policy synthesizes the academic research on payout policy and explains how much, when, and how. That is (i) the overall value of payouts over the life of the enterprise, (ii) the time profile of a firm's payouts across periods, and (iii) the form of those payouts. The authors conclude that today's theory does a good job of explaining the general features of corporate payout policies, but some important gaps remain. So while our emphasis is to clarify what we know about payout policy, the authors also identify a number of interesting unresolved questions for future research. Corporate Payout Policy discusses potential influences on corporate payout policy including managerial use of payouts to signal future earnings to outside investors, individuals' behavioral biases that lead to sentiment-based demands for distributions, the desire of large block stockholders to maintain corporate control, and personal tax incentives to defer payouts. The authors highlight four important carry-away points: the literature's focus on whether repurchases will (or should) drive out dividends is misplaced because it implicitly assumes that a single payout vehicle is optimal; extant empirical evidence is strongly incompatible with the notion that the primary purpose of dividends is to signal managers' views of future earnings to outside investors; over-confidence on the part of managers is potentially a first-order determinant of payout policy because it induces them to over-retain resources to invest in dubious projects and so behavioral biases may, in fact, turn out to be more important than agency costs in explaining why investors pressure firms to accelerate payouts; the influence of controlling stockholders on payout policy --- particularly in non-U.S. firms, where controlling stockholders are common --- is a promising area for future research. Corporate Payout Policy is required reading for both researchers and practitioners interested in understanding this central topic in corporate finance and governance. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: The Greenhouse Gas Protocol , 2004 The GHG Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard helps companies and other organizations to identify, calculate, and report GHG emissions. It is designed to set the standard for accurate, complete, consistent, relevant and transparent accounting and reporting of GHG emissions. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Accounting and Valuation Guide: Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation AICPA, 2016-10-31 This new Guide has been developed by AICPA staff and the Equity Securities Task Force and is the first in a series of 3 NEW AICPA Accounting Valuation Guides to be released. This long anticipated release reflects best practices developed over the previous decade. Since the issuance of FASB ASC 718 and 505-50 in 2004, valuing stock-based compensation (cheap stock) has been a significant challenge for private companies. This New Guide has been designed to mitigate those challenges. It brings you practical guidance and illustrations related to accounting, disclosures and valuation of privately held company equity securities issued as compensation. This guide includes: Evaluating private and secondary market transactions — What should companies do when transaction activity doesn't match their estimates of value? Adjustments for control and marketability — How should companies think about the value of the enterprise for the purpose of valuing minority securities? When is it appropriate to apply a discount for lack of marketability, and how should the estimated discount be supported? Highly leveraged entities — How should companies incorporate the fair value of debt in the valuation of equity securities? What is the impact of leverage on the expected volatility of various securities? The relevance of ASC 820 (SFAS 157) to cheap stock issues Updated guidance and illustrations regarding the valuation of, and disclosures related to, privately held company equity securities issued as compensation This Guide also provides expanded and more robust valuation material to reflect advances in the theory and practice of valuation since 2004. This edition includes guidance from FASB ASC 718, 505-50, 820-10 and SSVS 1 which were all issued since the last AICPA guidance dedicated to this issue. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance Benjamin Hermalin, Michael Weisbach, 2017-09-18 The Handbook of the Economics of Corporate Governance, Volume One, covers all issues important to economists. It is organized around fundamental principles, whereas multidisciplinary books on corporate governance often concentrate on specific topics. Specific topics include Relevant Theory and Methods, Organizational Economic Models as They Pertain to Governance, Managerial Career Concerns, Assessment & Monitoring, and Signal Jamming, The Institutions and Practice of Governance, The Law and Economics of Governance, Takeovers, Buyouts, and the Market for Control, Executive Compensation, Dominant Shareholders, and more. Providing excellent overviews and summaries of extant research, this book presents advanced students in graduate programs with details and perspectives that other books overlook. - Concentrates on underlying principles that change little, even as the empirical literature moves on - Helps readers see corporate governance systems as interrelated or even intertwined external (country-level) and internal (firm-level) forces - Reviews the methodological tools of the field (theory and empirical), the most relevant models, and the field's substantive findings, all of which help point the way forward |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Taxes and Business Strategy Myron S. Scholes, Mark A. Wolfson, Merle M. Erickson, Michelle L. Hanlon, Edward L. Maydew, Terrence J. Shevlin, 2015-01-03 For MBA students and graduates embarking on careers in investment banking, corporate finance, strategy consulting, money management, or venture capital Through integration with traditional MBA topics, Taxes and Business Strategy, Fifth Edition provides a framework for understanding how taxes affect decision-making, asset prices, equilibrium returns, and the financial and operational structure of firms. Teaching and Learning Experience This program presents a better teaching and learning experience-for you and your students: *Use a text from an active author team: All 5 authors actively teach the tax and business strategy course and provide students with relevant examples from both classroom and real-world consulting experience. *Teach students the practical uses for business strategy: Students learn important concepts that can be applied to their own lives. *Reinforce learning by using in-depth analysis: Analysis and explanatory material help students understand, think about, and retain information. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Fair Value Measurements International Accounting Standards Board, 2006 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Improvements to IFRSs International Accounting Standards Board, 2010 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Equity-based Compensation for Multinational Corporations Scott S. Rodrick, 2001 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Passing the Baton Richard F. Vancil, 1987 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Handbook of Human Resources Management Matthias Zeuch, 2016-05-09 Human Resources topics are gaining more and more strategic importance in modern business management. Only those companies that find the right answers to the following questions have a sustainable basis for their future success: - How can we attract and select the right talent for our teams? - How can we develop the skills and behaviors which are key for our business? - How can we engage and retain the talent we need for our future? While most other management disciplines have their standards and procedures, Human Resources still lacks a broadly accepted basis for its work. - operational perspective Both the structured collection of reflected real-life experience and the multi-perspective view support readers in making informed and well-balanced decisions. With this handbook, Springer provides a landmark reference work on today’s HR management, based on the combined experience of more than 50 globally selected HR leaders and HR experts. Rather than theoretical discussions about definitions, the handbook focuses on sharing practical experience and lessons learned from the most relevant business perspectives: - cultural / emotional perspective - economic perspective - risk perspective |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Business Combinations: Planning and Action Arthur R. Wyatt, Donald E. Kieso, 1969 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: An Introduction to Executive Compensation Steven Balsam, 2002 General readers have no idea why people should care about what executives are paid and why they are paid the way they are. That's the reason that The Wall Street Journal, Fortune, Forbes, and other popular and practitioner publications have regular coverage on them. This book not only proposes a reason - executives need incentives in order to maximize firm value (economists call this agency theory) - it also describes the nature and design of executive compensation practices. Those incentives can take the form of benefits (salary, stock options), or prerquisites (reflecting the status of the executive within the organizational culture. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Accountants' Guidebook Steven M. Bragg, 2017-03-26 The accountant is responsible for many activities, which may require years of training and experience to fully comprehend. The Accountants' Guidebook provides a practical knowledge of how to complete many accounting tasks, while also imparting an understanding of the more critical accounting standards. The book is intended to accelerate the learning curve of the professional accountant. Topics covered include accounting procedures, GAAP for common transactions, closing the books, producing financial statements and other reports, collection tactics, payroll management, budgeting, and much more. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: A Tea Reader Katrina Avila Munichiello, 2017-03-21 A Tea Reader contains a selection of stories that cover the spectrum of life. This anthology shares the ways that tea has changed lives through personal, intimate stories. Read of deep family moments, conquered heartbreak, and peace found in the face of loss. A Tea Reader includes stories from all types of tea people: people brought up in the tea tradition, those newly discovering it, classic writings from long-ago tea lovers and those making tea a career. Together these tales create a new image of a tea drinker. They show that tea is not simply something you drink, but it also provides quiet moments for making important decisions, a catalyst for conversation, and the energy we sometimes need to operate in our lives. The stories found in A Tea Reader cover the spectrum of life, such as the development of new friendships, beginning new careers, taking dream journeys, and essentially sharing the deep moments of life with friends and families. Whether you are a tea lover or not, here you will discover stories that speak to you and inspire you. Sit down, grab a cup, and read on. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: ESOP Valuation Scott S. Roderick, 1999-08 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Accountants' Handbook, Special Industries and Special Topics D. R. Carmichael, Paul H. Rosenfield, 2003-05-13 The premier accounting reference, revised and expanded The Accountants' Handbook series has the longest tradition of any reference of providing comprehensive coverage of the field to both accounting professionals and professionals in other fields who need or desire quick, understandable, and thorough exposure to complex accounting-related subjects. Like its predecessors, the Tenth Edition is designed as a single reference source that provides answers to all reasonable questions on accounting and financial reporting asked by accountants, auditors, bankers, lawyers, financial analysts, and other preparers and users of accounting information. Written by nationally recognized accounting professionals, including partners in major public accounting firms, financial executives, financial analysts, and other relevant business professionals, the Handbook covers both financial accounting and reporting and industry specific accounting issues in separate volumes for easy reference. Its comprehensive content provides analysis on over 43 critical areas of accounting. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: The Decision-Maker's Guide to Equity Compensation, 2nd Ed Corey Rosen, 2011 |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts, March 2016: Five-Volume Print Set GINSBURG, Donald E. Rocap, 2016-03-07 When structuring mergers and acquisitions, there's only one way to be sure that you've thought of all the tax and legal consequences: rely on Martin D. Ginsburg, Jack S. Levin and Donald E. Rocap as you plan, develop, and execute your Mand&A strategy. In this five-volume print set, these expert practitioners offer you: Solutions to real-life Mand&A problems as they arise in negotiations Step-by-step analysis of typical and non-typical mergers transactional permutations Checklists, flow charts, and other at-a-glance mergers practice materials Whether you represent the buyer, the seller, or another interested party, you can go straight to a model Mand&A agreement that gives you: A complete document structured to embody your client's Mand&A interests Clauses addressing a wide variety of specific mergers situations Specific language for even the smallest mergers and acquisitions variations you're likely to encounter Includes CD-ROM containing Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts: Sample Acquisition Agreements Mergers, Acquisitions, and Buyouts is recently updated with: New step-by-step methods for structuring transactions, with tax, SEC, corporate, HSR, accounting and other mergers considerations New table summarizing and contrasting terms of pro-buyer, pro-seller, and neutral stock and& asset purchase agreements New mergers legislation, Mand&A regulations, rulings, and court decisions impacting Mand&A transactions |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Initial Public Offerings Michelle Lowry, Roni Michaely, Ekaterina Volkova, 2017 The purpose of this monograph is to provide an overview of the IPO literature since 2000. The fewer numbers of companies going public in recent years has raised many questions regarding the IPO process, in both academic and regulatory circles. As we all strive to understand these changes in the market, it is especially important to understand the dynamics underlying the IPO process. If the process of going public is too costly or the IPO mechanism is plagued by too many conflicts of interest among the various intermediaries, then private companies may rationally choose other methods of raising capital. In a related vein, it is imperative that new regulations not be based on research focusing solely on large, more mature firms. Newly public firms have unique characteristics, and an increased understanding of such issues will contribute positively to well-functioning public markets and further growth of the entrepreneurial sector. We also provide a detailed guide to researchers on how to obtain a research-quality sample of IPOs, from standard data sources. Related to this, we tabulate important corrections to these standard data sources. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: Accountants' Handbook, Volume 2 D. R. Carmichael, O. Ray Whittington, Lynford Graham, 2007-04-06 This highly regarded reference is relied on by a considerable part of the accounting profession in their day-to-day work. This handbook is the first place many accountants look to find answers to practice questions. Its comprehensive scope is widely recognized and relied on. It is designed as a single reference source that provides answers to all reasonable questions on accounting and financial reporting asked by accountants, auditors, bankers, lawyers, financial analysts, and other preparers and users of accounting information. |
| accounting for stock based compensation: FCC Record United States. Federal Communications Commission, 2005 |
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