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The Power Play: Understanding Trading Groups and Political Coalitions
The global landscape is a complex tapestry woven with threads of economic interdependence and political maneuvering. At the heart of this intricate design lie two powerful forces: trading groups and political coalitions. These entities, while distinct, share a common goal: to leverage collective strength to achieve objectives beyond the reach of individual actors. This article delves into the dynamics of both trading groups and political coalitions, exploring their structures, advantages, challenges, and their profound impact on the world stage.
Trading Groups: A Symphony of Economic Interdependence
Trading groups, also known as trade blocs or economic unions, are intergovernmental agreements designed to promote economic cooperation and integration among participating nations. These agreements often involve the reduction or elimination of tariffs, quotas, and other trade barriers, fostering increased trade and investment flows. Examples range from the comprehensive European Union (EU) to more regionally focused organizations like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA, now USMCA) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
The advantages of participating in a trading group are manifold:
Increased Market Access: By eliminating or reducing trade barriers, members gain access to larger markets, allowing businesses to reach a wider customer base and achieve economies of scale. This is particularly beneficial for smaller nations with limited domestic demand.
Enhanced Competitiveness: Increased competition within the trading bloc forces businesses to become more efficient and innovative to remain competitive. This ultimately benefits consumers through lower prices and a wider variety of goods and services.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Attraction: The larger and more integrated market attracts significant FDI, leading to economic growth, job creation, and technological advancements. This influx of capital can be transformative for developing economies.
Greater Bargaining Power: Collectively, trading group members possess greater bargaining power in international negotiations, allowing them to negotiate more favorable trade deals with other countries or blocs.
Economies of Scale: Larger production runs and shared resources across member states lead to significant cost reductions, benefiting both businesses and consumers.
Political Coalitions: Forging Alliances for Power and Influence
Political coalitions, in contrast, are alliances formed between political parties, interest groups, or individuals to achieve shared political goals. These coalitions can exist at various levels, from local councils to national governments and international organizations. Their objectives can range from enacting specific legislation to winning elections or influencing policy decisions. Examples include the "grand coalitions" often seen in parliamentary systems, and the temporary alliances forged during election campaigns.
Unlike trading groups, the advantages of political coalitions are less clearly defined and often depend on the specific context and goals. However, some key benefits include:
Increased Political Influence: By combining their resources and support, coalition members gain greater influence over policy-making processes. This is particularly important for smaller parties or groups who may lack the numbers to achieve their goals independently.
Enhanced Stability: Coalitions can provide greater stability in government, particularly in systems where no single party has a majority. This stability can be crucial for implementing long-term policies and attracting investment.
Broader Representation: Coalitions can bring together diverse perspectives and interests, leading to more inclusive and representative governance.
Ability to Overcome Gridlock: In situations where political deadlock exists, coalitions can provide a mechanism for breaking the impasse and finding compromise solutions.
Increased Electoral Success: In electoral systems, coalitions can enhance the chances of success by pooling resources and attracting broader voter support.
Challenges Faced by Trading Groups and Political Coalitions
Despite their potential benefits, both trading groups and political coalitions face significant challenges:
Internal Conflicts: Disagreements among members over policy issues, distribution of benefits, or differing national interests can lead to internal conflicts and hinder the effectiveness of the group.
Loss of National Sovereignty: Participation in trading groups or coalitions often requires member states to cede some degree of national sovereignty, which can be a source of political resistance.
Protectionism: Pressure from domestic industries or interest groups can lead to protectionist measures that undermine the goals of free trade or economic integration.
Inequality: The benefits of trade agreements or coalitions may not be equally distributed, potentially exacerbating inequalities within and between member states.
External Pressures: External economic or political pressures can challenge the stability and cohesion of trading groups and political coalitions.
(Insert a chart here comparing the advantages and disadvantages of Trading Groups vs. Political Coalitions)
The Interplay Between Trading Groups and Political Coalitions
The relationship between trading groups and political coalitions is often intertwined. Political coalitions frequently shape the formation and direction of trading groups, reflecting the priorities and interests of the participating nations. Conversely, the success or failure of a trading group can significantly impact the stability and longevity of related political coalitions. For example, the EU's success has been intertwined with the evolution of political coalitions within its member states.
(Insert a simple flow chart here demonstrating the interplay)
Conclusion:
Trading groups and political coalitions are powerful forces shaping the global landscape. Their effectiveness hinges on factors such as internal cohesion, clear objectives, and the ability to adapt to changing circumstances. Understanding their complexities, advantages, and challenges is crucial for navigating the increasingly interconnected world we inhabit. Both represent powerful tools for achieving collective goals, but require careful management and strategic foresight to overcome inherent difficulties and realize their full potential.
FAQs:
1. What are the key differences between a customs union and a free trade area? A customs union eliminates tariffs between member states and adopts a common external tariff on goods from non-member countries, whereas a free trade area only eliminates tariffs between members but maintains individual external tariffs.
2. How can political coalitions overcome internal disagreements? Effective communication, compromise, and a shared vision are essential. Establishing clear mechanisms for resolving disputes and ensuring equitable distribution of benefits can also contribute to cohesion.
3. What role does public opinion play in the success of trading groups? Public support is crucial. Governments must effectively communicate the benefits of joining a trading group or coalition and address public concerns to maintain legitimacy and prevent backlash.
4. Can trading groups lead to economic exploitation? There's a risk. Unequal bargaining power can lead to unfair trade practices benefiting some members at the expense of others, especially in North-South relationships.
5. How do international organizations influence the formation and function of trading groups and political coalitions? Organizations like the WTO and the UN play a crucial role by providing frameworks for negotiation, dispute resolution, and setting standards for trade and cooperation. They can exert significant influence on the policies and behavior of both types of entities.
| a trading group or political coalition: Carbon Coalitions Jonas Meckling, 2011 Meckling explains how a transnational coalition of firms and a few market-oriented environmental groups actively promoted international emissions trading as a compromise policy solution in a situation of political stalemate. The coalition sidelined not only environmental groups that favored taxation and command-and-control regulation but also business interests that rejected any emissions controls. Considering the sources of business influence, Meckling emphasizes the importance of political opportunities (policy crises and norms), coalition resources (funding and legitimacy,) and political strategy (mobilizing state allies and multilevel advocacy). |
| a trading group or political coalition: A Game-Theoretic Perspective on Coalition Formation Debraj Ray, 2007-11 Drawing upon and extending his inaugural Lipsey Lectures, Debraj Ray looks at coalition formation from the perspective of game theory. Ray brings together developments in both cooperative and noncooperative game theory to study the analytics of coalition formation and binding agreements. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The Fante and the Transatlantic Slave Trade Rebecca Shumway, 2011 The first book-length history of the Fante people of southern Ghana during the Atlantic slave trade. Specifically, this volume provides a historical framework for the relationship between Ghana's coastal forts and castles and local African societies during this complex period. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Communitarian Politics in Asia Beng Huat Chua, 2004-07-31 This book examines instances in Southeast and East Asian countries where communitarianism is both articulated as national ideology and embedded as the ethos of social life. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Controversy and Coalition Myra Marx Ferree, Beth Hess, 2002-05-03 Controversy and Coalition is a comprehensive and engaging overview of the American women's movement from the 1960s to the 1990s. This third edition is the only short and highly readable book on the important developments of the recent women's movement. This edition includes a new introduction by the authors that covers the rise of global feminism. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets Kathryn C. Lavelle, 2004-10-14 Emerging market stock issuance relative to GDP rose in the late twentieth century to levels that roughly matched that of advanced, industrial markets. Nonetheless, the connection between owning shares of emerging market stock and the ability to influence the management of these firms remains fundamentally different from the analogous institutional connection that has evolved in industrial markets. The reasons for the differences in emerging markets are both historical and political in nature. That is, local equity markets have had the objective of providing for some degree of local ownership and control of large economic entities since the late nineteenth century. However, local markets have operated under different global political structures since that time, ranging from imperialism, to world wars, to sovereign developmental states, to neo-liberal states. Shares issued under these different structures have been reconfigured over time, resulting in a lack of convergence along either the Anglo-American or Continental models of corporate governance. The author uses a political science paradigm to explain the growth of emerging equity markets. She departs from conventional economic explanations and examines politics at the micro-level of large issues of emerging market stock. The second half of the book presents case studies dealing with emerging market countries in Latin America, Asia, Russia and Eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. The case studies connect the regional, state, and firm levels to detail the multiple ownership and control arrangements, and to dispel the notion that mere quantitative growth of these markets will lead to a convergence in financial institutional structures along the lines of the industrial core of the world economy. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Politics and Community-Based Research Sarah Charlton, Sophie Didier, Kirsten Dörmann, Claire Bénit-Gbaffou, 2019-10-01 Politics and Community-Based Research: Perspectives from Yeoville Studio, Johannesburg provides a textured analysis of a contested urban space that will resonate with other contested urban spaces around the world and challenges researchers involved in such spaces to work in creative and politicised ways This edited collection is built around the experiences of Yeoville Studio, a research initiative based at the School of Architecture and Planning at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. Through themed, illustrated stories of the people and places of Yeoville, the book presents a nuanced portrait of the vibrance and complexity of a post-apartheid, peri-central neighbourhood that has often been characterised as a ‘slum’ in Johannesburg. These narratives are interwoven with theoretical chapters by scholars from a diversity of disciplinary backgrounds, reflecting on the empirical experiences of the Studio and examining academic research processes. These chapters unpack the engagement of the Studio in Yeoville, including issues of trust, the need to align policy with lived realities and social needs, the political dimensions of the knowledge produced and the ways in which this knowledge was, and could be used. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The Rise of Free Trade Cheryl Schonhardt-Bailey, 1997 Why was Britain the first country to opt for unilateral free trade 150 years ago? On 16 May 1846, the House of Commons voted to abolish tariff protection for agriculture - the famous 'repeal of the Corn Laws'. Britain then adhered to her free trade policy despite both her relative economic decline and the protectionist policies of her leading trade rivals, the USA and Germany.This four volume set examines and explains the contentious issues surrounding the policy shift to free trade and the subsequent persistence of that policy. This set provides a comprehensive collection of articles including previously unpublished material on nineteenth century British trade policy and a new and comprehensive introduction by the editor putting the material into context. |
| a trading group or political coalition: A Geo-Economic Turn in Trade Policy? Johan Adriaensen, Evgeny Postnikov, 2022-02-05 Contemporary trade policy is increasingly framed in geo-strategic terms. But how much of that rhetoric is reflected in actual policy choices by the EU or its trading partners? This book provides a first systematic study of the broader international context in which EU trade agreements are conceived, negotiated, and designed. Building on a refined conceptualisation of geo-economics, the book develops a cogent framework that combines insights from scholarship on the design of free trade agreements with ideas from foreign policy analysis. Empirically, the analysis focuses on the relations between the EU and the Asia-Pacific. Following the United States’ pivot to Asia and the EU’s Global Europe strategy, China’s backyard has become the main arena in which global powers’ geo-economic strategies overlap. Building on a series of case-studies, combining the perspectives from the EU and its trading partners, the book shows that the rhetoric of geo-economic competition is yet to catch up with the actual negotiation and design of free trade agreements. This volume will be of great interest to scholars, students and practitioners who want to gain a holistic understanding of contemporary trade negotiations. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The Politics of Globalization in the United States Edward S. Cohen, 2001-03-02 From the conflicts over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the World Trade Organization to concern over illegal immigration and debates over the official status of the English language, politicians and citizens have been reconsidering fundamental questions about American society’s role in a changing global arena. Applying concepts derived from the study of international and comparative politics, Edward S. Cohen offers a systematic analysis of the impact of globalization on United States domestic politics. Focusing on the obvious issue of trade and the less obvious areas of immigration and language policy, Cohen demonstrates that globalization is both the cause and result of a new relationship between the government, corporations, and citizens within the United States. Globalization has led to the formation of new political divisions and coalitions and has caused deepening conflicts over the purposes and goals of American politics. The outcome of these conflicts, Cohen argues, will determine the future of American political life. Showing that globalization has transformed the priorities and responsibilities of sovereign states rather than hastening their demise, the book will interest politicians, policymakers, and students looking for a discussion of globalization that is grounded in the recent political history of the United States. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Nationalism David H. Kaplan, Kathryn Hannum, 2023-11-17 Nationalism provides a comprehensive exploration of nationalist identity, ideology, and practice which centers the geographic underpinnings of the phenomenon. It unpacks the fundamental principles and the many variations of this global phenomenon, as it examines nationalism through a spatial lens. Nationalism is the dominant political force in the modern world and no other global ideology is so strongly tied to concepts like territory, homeland, frontiers, and boundaries. The authors delve into how nationalism is fundamentally related to territory and place, why mapping is critical to the nationalist endeavors, the role of performance and personification, ethnonationalism, multinationalism, nationalist movements, and how nationalism is evidenced and experienced in cities and towns throughout the world. These provide a solid summary of what makes nationalism so compelling, so uniting, and so dangerous. Nationalism provides a fresh and compelling perspective on a complicated and often controversial subject. Written in an accessible and attractive style, the book will be especially useful for classes in Geography, Global Studies, International Relations, Political Science, Sociology, History, and Anthropology. It provides information and conceptual insights to scholars interested in a concise and sophisticated synthesis of contemporary nationalism. For casual readers interested in the phenomenon of nationalism, this book provides clear explanations and compelling examples. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Populism and Trade Kent Albert Jones, 2021 Populism and Trade traces the role of populist trade policy in the increase of global protectionism and the erosion of international trade institutions. Populist anti-trade rhetoric played a major part in U.S. President Donald Trump's 2016 election campaign, in which he portrayed current trade agreements as elitist measures to undermine U.S. manufacturing jobs, economic security, and the interests of the American people. Upon taking office he proceeded to implement trade restrictions that were unprecedented in the era of GATT-WTO rules. His use of national security criteria for unilateral tariffs on steel and aluminum, and his trade war with China represented an abandonment of WTO trade rules and practices. In the United Kingdom, the 2016 Brexit referendum resulted in a vote to leave the European Union, thereby ending the U.K. trade integration arrangement that had begun in 1973. The referendum campaign drew on U.K. criticism of EU intrusion on U.K. sovereignty in presenting the issue in populist terms of elitist control from Brussels set against the interests of the victimized British people. The book develops a conceptual framework of protectionism that links behavioral factors with perceived external threats and voting behavior based on emotion. It also offers a review of trade policies of other populist governments and an assessment of their economic and institutional cost. A concluding chapter provides recommendations for addressing the populist challenge, focusing on adjustment policies, reforms of global trade institutions, and the need to protect domestic democratic processes-- |
| a trading group or political coalition: Multinational Corporations and Organization Theory Christoph Dörrenbächer, Mike Geppert, 2017-02-24 This volume covers a range of on-going and newly emerging debates in the study of multinational companies (MNCs). A key aim is to consolidate and make available in one place new conceptual, methodological and critical MNC research. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Media Fortunes, Changing Times Russell Hiang-Khng Heng, 2002 This book examines how media have brought about or paced dramatic political events in Southeast Asia over the last two decades. It highlights a situation where media dynamics are no longer a simple formula of state control versus media resistance. The state can propel its own media-liberalizing programme; civil society can be an enemy of press freedom; market forces and cultural mindsets are sometimes more potent agents of change than state-appointed media custodians. Practitioners, scholars and activists have come together in this volume to provide a diversity of narratives on subjects as varied as powerful politicians and marginalized transsexuals. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Politics of Law and Order David Clay Large, 1980 This is a print on demand publication. Contents: Introduction: Bavaria in the Era of Revolution, 1918-1919; Part One: The Einwohnerwehr Movement in Bavaria: (I) The Organizational Development of the Einwohnerwehr State or Private Control?; (II) The Political Evolution of the Bavarian Einwonerwehr; Part Two: The Bavarian Einwohnerwehr; Part Two: The Bavarian Einwohnerwehr in National and International Policy: (III) The Orgesch and the Orka: (A) The Orgesch in Germany; (B) The Orka in Austria; (IV) The Allied Response: Einwohnerwehr Dissolution and the Crisis in Bavarian-Reich Relations; Conclusion; Bibliography. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Who Owns the Media Pradip Thomas, Zaharom Nain, 2004-11 Publisher Description |
| a trading group or political coalition: British Trade Unions and Industrial Politics John Mcllroy, Nina Fishman, Alan Campbell, 2019-06-26 First published in 1999, this volume describes the political climate and state of trade unions after the second world war in Britain. Detailing the transition of individuals who had survived in the war or had taken part in the war effort to going back a civilian life in 1945. Following the rise of the Labour party in Britain until 1964. |
| a trading group or political coalition: A Theory of Fields Neil Fligstein, Doug McAdam, 2015 In recent years there has been an outpouring of work at the intersection of social movement thoery, organizational theory, economic, and political sociology. The problems at the core of these areas, Fligstein and McAdam argue, have a similar analytic and theoretical structure. Synthesizing much of this work, A Theory of Fields offers a general perspective on how to understand the problems related to understanding change and instability in modern, complex societies through a theory of strategic action fields. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The Political Psychology of Appeasement Walter Laqueur, 2017-07-05 First published in the 1980s, The Political Psychology of Appeasement contains some of the most influential political journalism of the 1970s. The author, a leading contemporary historian and commentator on international affairs, provides an incisive critique of the weaknesses and inconsistencies of U.S. foreign policy in the 1970s as well as a diagnosis of the malaise of Western Europe.Laqueur's essays range from the subject of Finlandization to the problems of peace in the Middle East and the origins of political terrorism. To each of these areas he brings a deep and compassionate sensibility, the knowledge of a professional historian, and the sharp eye of an experienced journalist. Not only is Laqueur a global thinker, but his thought is undergirded by the experiences of world travel and an intimate knowledge of world leaders.Most of this book's essays are pessimistic because the author addresses his topics bluntly and pragmatically. Many of Laqueur's predictions have been borne out by subsequent events. As he ruefully says in his original preface, there is nothing so conducive to lack of popularity than to be right prematurely. Made timeless by their insightful honesty, his essays teach us about the art of political appeasement and prediction in the modern geopolitical landscape. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Washington Representatives , 2004 |
| a trading group or political coalition: De-Westernizing Media Studies James Curran, Myung-Jin Park, 2005-07-05 De-Westernizing Media Studies brings together leading media critics from around the world to address central questions in the study of the media. How do the media connect to power in society? Who and what influence the media? How is globalization changing both society and the media? |
| a trading group or political coalition: Lobbying and Policymaking Ken Godwin, Scott H. Ainsworth, Erik Godwin, 2013 What is the impact of lobbying on the policymaking process? And who benefits? This book argues that most research overlooks the lobbying of regulatory agencies even though it accounts for almost half of all lobbying - even though bureaucratic agencies have considerable leeway in how they choose to implement law. |
| a trading group or political coalition: State, Market and Society in an Emerging Economy Quamrul Alam, Rizwan Khair, Asif M. Shahan, 2023-07-26 The economic and social development that Bangladesh has achieved in the past two decades has made Bangladesh a development paradox. This book tries to explain this paradox through a political economy lens. The book explains the linkages between the state, changing society and emerging private sector, and examines whether the social transformation taking place in Bangladesh has the potential to live up to the expectations of a middle- income country. The early part of the book unravels the myriad relations between the state, society and market to project the aspirations of a newly independent nation. It analyzes how political turmoil, militarization of politics, politicization of institutions, reforms initiatives, industrial and social development policies, and the power nexus influenced the nature of the political economy of Bangladesh. The book goes on to examine how domestic appetite for capital and raw materials, the digital revolution, and the capacity of the local market to absorb expanded economic activities have created an environment that catalyzes innovation and entrepreneurship. The book also explains how the country has attempted to transform from an agrarian to a manufacturing- based economy, with rapid growth in the ready- made garment industry, pisciculture, pharmaceuticals and the ICT sector. Bangladesh’s journey from an emerging economy towards a developed country would interest those researching on development economics and those in policy making. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The International System After the Collapse of the East-West Order Clesse, 2023-09-20 This book provides the reader with a comprehensive study of the future perspectives of the international order after the collapse of the Evil Empire. The first part of the book reviews the likely evolution of the international system in the years to come, covering the global implications of the end of the East--West order (political, economic and strategic impact); the second part studies the specificities of the situation in Europe, the U.S.A., Asia, and the rest of the world, as well as the role of some international organizations. The book addresses the basic questions facing us since the collapse of the socialist system: What has been the impact of the collapse of the East--West order on the international system? How will various regions and actors be affected by these changes? How will they react to them? What will be the most important challenges and threats in the future international system, and how can we prepare for them? Gathered together in this volume are contributions from some of the most eminent experts from the academic community as well as from governmental and international organizations, making it a reference book for students of international affairs as well as policy-makers and corporate managers. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Borderless Borders Frank Bonilla, 2010 Over the past several decades, Latinos in the United States have emerged as strategic actors in major processes of social transformation. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The Washington Lobby Congressional Quarterly, inc, 1979 |
| a trading group or political coalition: Commerce and Coalitions Ronald Rogowski, 1990-05-21 Why do countries differ so greatly in their patterns of political cleavage and coalition? Extending some basic findings of economic theories of international trade, Ronald Rogowski suggests a startling new answer. Testing his hypothesis chiefly against the evidence of the last century and a half, but extending it also to the ancient world and the sixteenth century, he finds a surprising degree of confirmation and some intriguing exceptions. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Towards a Cultural Political Economy Ngai-Ling Sum, Bob Jessop, 2013-11-29 This fascinating volume offers a critique of recent institutional and cultural turns in heterodox economics and political economy. Using seven case studies as examples, the authors explore how research on sense- and meaning-making can deepen critical s |
| a trading group or political coalition: Great Power Rivalries William R. Thompson, 1999 This volume examines interstate rivalries of the past 500 years, providing case studies of those between land powers with continental orientations, and leading maritime powers and challengers. The contributors focus on the transition from commercial to strategic rivalry. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Creating People of Plenty Sayuri Shimizu, 2001 There is no doubt that the Eisenhower administration accomplished one of its paramount Cold War strategic objectives: to rebuild Japan's economy and reinstate the nation as a stabilizing, pro-capitalist member in the new world order that had come out of the morass of the Great Depression and the rubble of World War II.--from the Introduction This innovative study investigates how Japan grew from an economically limited country to the threshold of industrial power. The author describes Japanese economic development in the 1950s as one of the major achievements of the Eisenhower administration. In her admirably-clear account of this chapter in U.S.-Japanese relations, Sayuri Shimizu incorporates Japanese as well as American sources. In the process she explains how and why the United States became so intractably involved in Southeast Asia. Not least, she tells an ironic and instructive story of how the United States helped build an economy that later it so bitterly resented. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Pratiyogita Darpan , 2006-07 Pratiyogita Darpan (monthly magazine) is India's largest read General Knowledge and Current Affairs Magazine. Pratiyogita Darpan (English monthly magazine) is known for quality content on General Knowledge and Current Affairs. Topics ranging from national and international news/ issues, personality development, interviews of examination toppers, articles/ write-up on topics like career, economy, history, public administration, geography, polity, social, environment, scientific, legal etc, solved papers of various examinations, Essay and debate contest, Quiz and knowledge testing features are covered every month in this magazine. |
| a trading group or political coalition: The State and American Foreign Economic Policy G. John Ikenberry, David A. Lake, Michael Mastanduno, 1988 How has the U.S. government made the nation's foreign economic policy over the last hundred years? Social scientists have traditionally presented the American state as relatively weak, its policies as directly reflecting the domestic balance of strength among interested social groups and economic sectors. This collection of essays by seven notable young political scientists provides a theoretical reevaluation of the forces at work in national policy making and present evidence that the effectiveness of the national government in shaping U.S. policy has been greatly underestimated. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Quest for Identity Nitya Rao, 2023-09-30 The book offers an ethnographic analysis of Adivasi social dynamics – the economic trajectories, ecological environment and gender relations – over two decades of political-economic contingencies and change, adding to knowledge alongside offering useful lessons for policy and practice. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Interest Group Influence on Trade Policy in a Multilevel Polity Adrian Van den Hoven, 2002 |
| a trading group or political coalition: Congress and Its Members, Fourteenth Edition Roger H. Davidson, Walter J. Oleszek, Frances E. Lee, 2011-07-22 Fully updated with all the latest changes and developments, this thirteenth edition continues to provide readers with a comprehensive introduction to US Congress. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Cozy Politics Peter Kobrak, 2002 Kobrak (public administration and political science, Western Michigan U.) distinguishes the traditional corruption of pork- barreling from cozy politics, which he says directly impacts the very nature of the political system and the relationship of citizens to their government. By cozy politics he means the reliance of politicians on big-money campaign contributions, and the political favors the contributors receive in turn. His solution is widespread citizen participation, encouraged by a restructuring of political parties and a more modest reworking of the government. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
| a trading group or political coalition: Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia Joseph Chinyong Liow, 2014-11-20 The past two decades since the end of the Cold War have been years of remarkable change and transformation for Southeast Asia. Long seen as an arena for superpower rivalry, Southeast Asia is increasingly coming into its own by locating itself at the forefront of regional integration initiatives that involve not only the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, but major external powers such as the United States, China, India, Japan, and Australia as well. At the same time, the past two decades has seen the revival of old animosities as well as the emergence of new security challenges confronting the region. Old animosities include unresolved territorial disputes, while new challenges range from regional and global financial crises, terrorism, and pandemics. Significant changes within the ten Southeast Asian countries covered in this book have also transpired that have affected not only the complexion of domestic politics, but have also impacted regional diplomacy as well, such as the creation of potentially the eleventh Southeast Asian country – Timor Leste. Extensively updated and revised in light of these changes and developments, this fourth edition of Dictionary of the Modern Politics of Southeast Asia contains profiles of each Southeast Asian country. Following this, it provides more than 450 alphabetically arranged individual entries providing detailed accounts and analyses on major episodes and treaties, political parties and institutions, civil society movements, and regional and international organizations. Biographies of significant political leaders and personalities, both past and present, are also provided. Entries are comprehensively cross-referenced, and an index by country directs readers to all entries concerning a particular country. The Dictionary also includes an extensive bibliography that serves as a guide to further reading. It is an essential reference tool for all scholars and students of Asian politics and international affairs, and a vital resource for journalists, diplomats, policy-makers, and others with an interest in the region. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Handbook of International Trade E. Kwan Choi, James C. Hartigan, 2008-04-15 This second volume of the Handbook of International Tradefocuses on the economic and legal analysis of international lawsand institutions as they impact trade. Containing chapters written by both economic and legal scholars,this volume encourages cross-discipline discussion with writingthat is accessible to those approaching the material from anybackground. Central issues to those studying international trade areaddressed, including: labor, environmental rights, and preferential tradeagreements antitrust policy patent rights trade liberalization foreign direct investment. |
| a trading group or political coalition: Survey of Activities United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs, 1984 |
| a trading group or political coalition: Survey of Activities, 98th Congress United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs, 1985 |
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Name: Class: Date - Crafton Hills College
29. In the context of the structure of American political parties, both major American political parties: a. are closely knit or highly organized. b. are fragmented and decentralized. c. have …
The politics of environmental market instruments Coalition
Thisexperienceraisedtheconvictionthat,despitetheimportance forwarrantingenvironmentalintegrity,confiningthemarkettomicro ...
Challenges and impacts of Coalitions politics in India - IJRAR
of government. This research study will analyze its nature, challenges and prospects of coalition governments in Indian political process. The significance lies in the study of multi-party …
Organizational Design and Political Control - JSTOR
Organizational Design and Political Control of Administrative Agencies Jonathan R. Macey Cornell University 1. Introduction ... particular interest group may decline over time, and the group …
Political Parties - National Democratic Institute
coalition partners; develop mechanisms for coordinating with coalition partners; and communicate coalition goals and accomplishments to members and the general public. For instance, …
Coalition Government in India: Polity Notes for UPSC
Page - 4 Emergence of new consensus Coalition Government - Advantages and Disadvantages During 1977-79, the Janata Party demanded reservation for backward classes in North India …
2023 Citi Political Engagement Report - Citigroup
the U.S., Citi’s Political Action Committees also support candidates that understand the important issues affecting the company’s businesses. This Report contains information regarding Citi’s …
Opposition in transition: pre-electoral coalitions and the 2018 ...
more than six decades, the ruling coalition in Malaysia lost the federal elections for the first time. The opposition coalition Hope Alliance or Pakatan Harapan (PH) won because it was a …
TRADING VOTES FOR VOTES. A DECENTRALIZED …
Vote-trading is common practice in committees and group decision-making. Yet we know very little ... 1There is an substantial literature in political science documenting vote trading in …
U.S.-EU Trade Relations - CRS Reports
Notes: The data are for U.S. goods and services trade with the trading partners. Total trade is exports plus imports. Figures may not add up to the total due to rounding. The EU bloc …
view.group.rwe
Page 3. Welcome. Klaus Gentner Head of Sales Germany & Benelux, RWE Supply & Trading GmbH. Keynote & Interview: Current14:45 Challenges in Offshore Wind . Sven Utermöhlen …
The Advocacy Coalition Framework: An Overview of the
Chapter 4: The Advocacy Coalition Framework 137 hypotheses added to the theory) not only address counterevidence but also add new empirical content that extends the explanatory …
Carbon Trading in China - Springer
Carbon trading in China: environmental discourse and politics / Alex Lo. pages cm Summary: “Carbon trading has the potential to become the mainstream climate change policy approach, …
Coalition Portfolios and Interest Group Influence over the …
Working Papers Political Networks Paper Archive 10-20-2012 Coalition Portfolios and Interest Group Influence over the Policy Process ... An interest group may join one coalition to help …
AN INTRODUCTION TO THE POLITICS OF PARTY …
political phenomenon are still largely under studied. The majority of studies look at the causes of alliances and coalitions (Karume 2003; Kapa 2008) and only a few have tried to explain the …
Factoral or Sectoral Conflict? Partially Mobile Factors and the ...
and the continued spread of industrialization should have altered political inter-ests.2 The free trading coalition should have gained strength over time, as key components of the protectionist …
Coalition Building - NCJFCJ
Not only does a coalition need members, but a core group with contacts in the field and community knowledge is essential for a coalition to demonstrate support, to help recruit new …
Strategic narratives in China’s climate policy: Analysing three …
coalition Yunhan Zhang & Jan Orbie ... Department of Political Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium ABSTRACT ... 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group THE …
Theories of Political Coalitions - Universidade de Lisboa
THEORIES OF POLITICAL COALITIONS 5 weights are allowed to vary, games with an even number of players can also be simple, as long as no coalition S has the same combined …
Building Relationships: Allies, Coalitions, and Government
>>> COALITION BUILDING Once you’ve mapped out your goals, begun to develop a strategic plan, and have built relationships with diverse allies, a powerful way to incite action is through …
8 Developing Country Coalition-Building and International
countries are not major powers in the international trading system. For those with less power, skilful strategies of coalition formation are a major implement for increasing success in such …
Coalition Theory and Government Formation in Multiparty …
Coalition Theory and Government Formation in Multiparty Democracies Gregory M. Luebbert ... tems resides in its impact on a political system's capacity to resolve or at least defuse …
Course Description - Columbia University
COLLOQUIUM ON INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY Political Science GR8804 Fall 2019, Thursdays 10:10 am - 12:00 pm, 711 International A airs Building Instructor: Nikhar …
Chapter 10 The Advocacy Coalition Framework
that phrases like ‘coalition behaviour’ are ‘used metaphorically in reference to the individuals comprising the coalition’ (Jenkins-Smith et al, 2018: 140). Policy subsystems exist within a …
Doing the Politically Right Thing: Results, Behavior and Vote …
Results, Behavior and Vote Trading William T. Bianco Duke University The current understanding of vote trading assumes legislators' payoffs vary only with re-sults-the motions enacted or …
From Unfair Prices to Unfair Trading Practices : Political …
1 From Unfair Prices to Unfair Trading Practices : Political Economy, Value Chains and 21st Century Agri-Food Policy Johan Swinnena, Alessandro Olpera,b, Senne Vandeveldea,c a …
Strength in Numbers: A Guide to Building Community Coalitions
challenge members might face is related to how the coalition makes group decisions. The actions of many well-organized coalitions have to be agreed upon by some consensus of the larger …
Political Economy and Identity of “All Okinawa” Resistance
an administrative group in Japan in the case of the other 46 prefectures. However, having lost the option to call themselves “nationals” of the Fig. 10.1 A triangle showing “The Relations of …
Coalition IB Index 1H20 - S&P Global
www.coalition.com Global Markets Contribution to Group Global Markets (FICC & Equities) revenues accounted for 28% of the Group revenues in 1H20 compared with ~20% over the …
CHINA’SPERCEPTIONOFTHESTRATEGIC …
14 ChineseDynasticChronology: MajorPeriodsinImperialChina LegendarySageEmperors 2852_2255B.C. Xia 2205_1766 Shang 1766_1045 Zhou WesternZhou 1045_770
Dan Bogart - National Bureau of Economic Research
coalition limits entry to markets and the political system. The resulting rents give elites in the ruling coalition an economic incentive to support the regime rather than undermine it through …
Negative Agenda Control and the Conservative Coalition
coalition from unfavorable floor votes, and that standing committee chairs continued to offer some protection once the Rules committee protection was eliminated. An earlier version of this …
Data Brokers and Sensitive Data on US Individuals - Tech …
individuals’ interest in political organizations, figures, and causes, including but not limited to data on those who support the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People …
Coalition game theoretic P2P trading in a distribution network ...
The authors in [23] also assess the importance of a group P2P trading model. An automated bidding ... According to the group structure, coalition games could be of three classes: …
The New Political Economy of Trading and Its Institutional
International Political Science Review (1999), Vol. 20, No. 4, 341-358 The New Political Economy of Trading and Its Institutional Consequences URS LUTERBACHER AND CARLA NORRLOF …
Theoretical Perspectives on Coalitions: Political and Social ...
It is now a simple step to viewing political coalition situations as constructed games. We can depict a situation identical to Gamson's (1961a) definition of a full-fledged coalition situation by …
The Coalition’s higher education reforms in England
The article considers a series of political mistakes made by the Liberal Democrats, including making the abolition of tuition fees a key part of their election strategy in 2010 when the party’s …
