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Active and Dynamic Stretching Utilize Which Physiological Action? A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Emily Carter, PhD, CSCS – Dr. Carter is a certified strength and conditioning specialist with a PhD in Exercise Physiology and over 15 years of experience working with athletes and fitness enthusiasts. Her research focuses on the biomechanics of stretching and its impact on athletic performance.
Publisher: Peak Performance Publishing – Peak Performance Publishing is a leading publisher of fitness and sports science books and articles, known for its commitment to evidence-based information and high editorial standards. Their expertise lies in providing accurate and practical guidance for athletes and fitness professionals.
Editor: Sarah Miller, MSc, - Sarah Miller holds a Master's degree in Sports Science and has been a contributing editor for Peak Performance Publishing for 8 years. Her editing experience focuses on ensuring clarity and accuracy in scientific writing within the fitness and sports performance domain.
Keywords: active stretching, dynamic stretching, physiological actions, neuromuscular system, range of motion, flexibility, athletic performance, warm-up, injury prevention, proprioception
Summary: This guide explores the physiological actions underlying active and dynamic stretching. It differentiates between the two types, highlighting their benefits, best practices, and potential pitfalls. We delve into the roles of the neuromuscular system, proprioception, and increased blood flow in optimizing performance and injury prevention. Understanding these actions is crucial for effective warm-up routines and injury prevention strategies.
What are Active and Dynamic Stretching?
Active and dynamic stretching techniques both aim to improve flexibility and range of motion, preparing the body for physical activity. However, they differ significantly in their execution and the physiological mechanisms they primarily engage. Understanding this difference is key to optimizing their use. The core question, "active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action?", requires a nuanced answer.
Active Stretching: Involves actively contracting opposing muscle groups to lengthen the target muscle. For example, actively stretching your hamstrings involves contracting your quadriceps to pull your leg towards your chest. The physiological action here primarily focuses on neuromuscular control. It enhances the communication between the nervous system and the muscles, improving proprioception (awareness of body position) and muscle activation. This type of stretching is excellent for improving flexibility and motor control.
Dynamic Stretching: Involves moving your joints through their full range of motion in a controlled manner, mimicking the movements of your sport or activity. Examples include arm circles, leg swings, and torso twists. The primary physiological action here is the improvement of joint mobility and increased blood flow to the muscles. This increases the temperature of the muscles and improves elasticity, preparing them for activity. Dynamic stretching also enhances neuromuscular coordination through rhythmic movement patterns.
Physiological Actions Involved: A Deeper Dive
Both active and dynamic stretching utilize several interconnected physiological actions to improve performance and reduce injury risk. These include:
1. Neuromuscular Activation: Both active and dynamic stretching engage the neuromuscular system. Active stretching directly targets this system through reciprocal inhibition (contracting the antagonist muscle to relax the agonist), while dynamic stretching improves neuromuscular coordination by practicing movement patterns.
2. Increased Range of Motion (ROM): By lengthening muscles and improving joint mobility, both methods contribute to increased ROM. This is crucial for optimizing performance and reducing the risk of injury caused by restricted movement. Active stretching enhances flexibility, while dynamic stretching focuses on functional ROM within movement patterns.
3. Improved Proprioception: Active stretching, in particular, enhances proprioception. By consciously controlling muscle contractions, individuals improve their body awareness and coordination, leading to improved motor control and reduced risk of injury.
4. Increased Blood Flow and Muscle Temperature: Dynamic stretching primarily elevates blood flow and muscle temperature. This increase in temperature improves muscle elasticity, reduces muscle stiffness, and prepares the muscles for work, reducing the risk of strains and tears.
5. Enhanced Muscle Elasticity: Both forms of stretching contribute to enhanced muscle elasticity. However, the mechanisms are slightly different. Active stretching increases muscle length, while dynamic stretching improves the elasticity of muscles and connective tissues through movement.
6. Reduced Muscle Spindles Activity: Muscle spindles are sensory receptors within muscles that detect changes in muscle length and speed of stretch. Both types of stretching can help to reduce excessive muscle spindle activity, leading to less resistance to stretch and less risk of injury.
Best Practices for Active and Dynamic Stretching
Active Stretching:
Hold each stretch for 15-30 seconds. Don't bounce.
Focus on proper form. Engage the opposing muscle group consciously.
Breathe deeply. This helps relax the muscles and improve flexibility.
Listen to your body. Don't force a stretch beyond a comfortable range.
Dynamic Stretching:
Perform 8-12 repetitions of each movement.
Control the movements. Avoid jerky or uncontrolled movements.
Gradually increase the range of motion.
Focus on fluid, rhythmic movements.
Integrate sport-specific movements.
Common Pitfalls to Avoid
Bouncing during static or active stretching: This can lead to muscle tears and injuries.
Overstretching: Pushing beyond your comfortable range can result in injury.
Ignoring pain: Pain during stretching is a warning sign; stop immediately.
Neglecting proper warm-up: Stretching should always be preceded by a general warm-up.
Static stretching before dynamic activity: Static stretching prior to intense activity can decrease power output.
Conclusion
Active and dynamic stretching, while both enhancing flexibility and range of motion, utilize different physiological actions. Understanding these distinct mechanisms is crucial for optimizing their use in warm-up routines and overall fitness programs. By employing best practices and avoiding common pitfalls, athletes and fitness enthusiasts can effectively leverage the benefits of both active and dynamic stretching to improve performance, enhance mobility, and reduce the risk of injury. Remember, consistent and appropriate stretching is key to long-term health and athletic success.
FAQs
1. What's the difference between static and active stretching? Static stretching involves holding a stretch passively, while active stretching uses muscle contractions to lengthen the target muscle.
2. Can I use active and dynamic stretching interchangeably? While both are beneficial, they serve different purposes. Dynamic stretching is better suited for warm-ups, while active stretching can be incorporated into cool-downs or as part of a flexibility routine.
3. Is it better to do active or dynamic stretching before a workout? Dynamic stretching is generally preferred before a workout as it prepares the muscles for movement.
4. How often should I perform active and dynamic stretching? Ideally, several times a week as part of a comprehensive training program.
5. Can stretching prevent all injuries? No, but it significantly reduces the risk of muscle strains and other injuries.
6. What if I feel pain during stretching? Stop immediately and consult a healthcare professional.
7. Are there any contraindications to active and dynamic stretching? Individuals with certain medical conditions should consult a doctor before starting any stretching program.
8. How long does it take to see results from stretching? Consistent stretching over time will lead to improvements in flexibility and range of motion.
9. Can I do active and dynamic stretching at home? Yes, with proper instruction and caution.
Related Articles
1. The Role of Proprioception in Injury Prevention: This article examines the crucial role of proprioception in injury prevention and how both active and dynamic stretching enhance this crucial sense.
2. The Biomechanics of Active Stretching: A detailed exploration of the muscular and neurological mechanisms involved in active stretching.
3. Dynamic Stretching for Enhanced Athletic Performance: This focuses on how dynamic stretching improves performance metrics like speed, power, and agility.
4. Preventing Muscle Strains Through Effective Stretching Techniques: This article explores different stretching techniques and provides guidance on preventing muscle strains.
5. The Importance of Warm-up Routines for Injury Prevention: Highlights the importance of incorporating both dynamic and active stretching into effective warm-up routines.
6. Neuromuscular Training and its impact on Flexibility: This article discusses the relationship between neuromuscular training and flexibility improvements through active stretching.
7. Comparing the effectiveness of static vs dynamic stretching: A comparative study exploring the relative efficacy of static versus dynamic stretching techniques in different contexts.
8. Active Stretching for Improved Postural Alignment: Explores how active stretching can be used to improve posture and reduce the risk of postural related problems.
9. Dynamic Stretching for Functional Movement: Focuses on how dynamic stretching can be incorporated into functional movement training programs to improve both strength and mobility.
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Skeletal Muscle Circulation Ronald J. Korthuis, 2011 The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Therapeutic Exercise Carolyn Kisner, Lynn Allen Colby, John Borstad, 2022-10-17 The premier text for therapeutic exercise Here is all the guidance you need to customize interventions for individuals with movement dysfunction. You’ll find the perfect balance of theory and clinical technique—in-depth discussions of the principles of therapeutic exercise and manual therapy and the most up-to-date exercise and management guidelines. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Educating the Student Body Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine, 2013-11-13 Physical inactivity is a key determinant of health across the lifespan. A lack of activity increases the risk of heart disease, colon and breast cancer, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, osteoporosis, anxiety and depression and others diseases. Emerging literature has suggested that in terms of mortality, the global population health burden of physical inactivity approaches that of cigarette smoking. The prevalence and substantial disease risk associated with physical inactivity has been described as a pandemic. The prevalence, health impact, and evidence of changeability all have resulted in calls for action to increase physical activity across the lifespan. In response to the need to find ways to make physical activity a health priority for youth, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Physical Activity and Physical Education in the School Environment was formed. Its purpose was to review the current status of physical activity and physical education in the school environment, including before, during, and after school, and examine the influences of physical activity and physical education on the short and long term physical, cognitive and brain, and psychosocial health and development of children and adolescents. Educating the Student Body makes recommendations about approaches for strengthening and improving programs and policies for physical activity and physical education in the school environment. This report lays out a set of guiding principles to guide its work on these tasks. These included: recognizing the benefits of instilling life-long physical activity habits in children; the value of using systems thinking in improving physical activity and physical education in the school environment; the recognition of current disparities in opportunities and the need to achieve equity in physical activity and physical education; the importance of considering all types of school environments; the need to take into consideration the diversity of students as recommendations are developed. This report will be of interest to local and national policymakers, school officials, teachers, and the education community, researchers, professional organizations, and parents interested in physical activity, physical education, and health for school-aged children and adolescents. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Evidence-Based Sports Medicine Domhnall MacAuley, Thomas Best, 2008-04-15 This second edition of the popular book Evidence-based Sports Medicine builds on the features that made the first edition such a valuable text and provides a completely up-to-date tool for sports medicine physicians, family practitioners and orthopedic surgeons. Updated to take into account new evidence from systematic reviews and controlled trials, Evidence-based Sports Medicine is a unique reference book on the optimum management of sports-related conditions. This second edition: contains sections on acute injury, chronic conditions, and injuries to the upper limb, groin and knee and to the lower leg pays increased attention to the important and emerging area of injury prevention features thoroughly revised methodology sections within each chapter, reflecting changes in technique and application MCQs and essay questions that allow readers to continually assess their knowledge and understanding of the topics covered |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Active Isolated Stretching Aaron L. Mattes, 1995 Demonstrates a technique of preventive muscle stretching based upon reciprocal innervation of muscle tissue, the agonist-antagonist reflex. With each exercise, the type of flexion and the muscle groups used are provided. The Mattes Method of Active Isolated Stretching is a myofascial release and therapeutic treatment for deep and superficial muscles, tendons and fascia. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Understanding the Stretch Reflex , 2011-09-22 Understanding the Stretch Reflex |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Respiratory Muscle Training Alison McConnell, 2013-04-18 Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is the world's first book to provide an everything-you-need-to-know guide to respiratory muscle training (RMT). Authored by an internationally-acclaimed expert, it is an evidence-based resource, built upon current scientific knowledge, as well as experience at the cutting-edge of respiratory training in a wide range of settings. The aim of the book is to give readers: 1) an introduction to respiratory physiology and exercise physiology, as well as training theory; 2) an understanding of how disease affects the respiratory muscles and the mechanics of breathing; 3) an insight into the disease-specific, evidence-based benefits of RMT; 4) advice on the application of RMT as a standalone treatment, and as part of a rehabilitation programme; and finally, 5) guidance on the application of functional training techniques to RMT. The book is divided into two parts – theory and practice. Part I provides readers with access to the theoretical building blocks that support practice. It explores the evidence base for RMT as well as the different methods of training respiratory muscles and their respective efficacy. Part II guides the reader through the practical implementation of the most widely validated form of RMT, namely inspiratory muscle resistance training. Finally, over 150 Functional RMT exercises are described, which incorporate a stability and/or postural challenge – and address specific movements that provoke dyspnoea. Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is supported by a dedicated website (www.physiobreathe.com), which provides access to the latest information on RMT, as well as video clips of all exercises described in the book. Purchasers will also receive a three-month free trial of the Physiotec software platform (via www.physiotec.ca), which allows clinicians to create bespoke training programmes (including video clips) that can be printed or emailed to patients. - Introductory overviews of respiratory and exercise physiology, as well as training theory - Comprehensive, up-to-date review of respiratory muscle function, breathing mechanics and RMT - Analysis of the interaction between disease and respiratory mechanics, as well as their independent and combined influence upon exercise tolerance - Analysis of the rationale and application of RMT to over 20 clinical conditions, e.g., COPD, heart failure, obesity, mechanical ventilation - Evidence-based guidance on the implementation of inspiratory muscle resistance training - Over 150 functional exercises that incorporate a breathing challenge - www.physiobreathe.com - access up-to-date information, video clips of exercises and a three-month free trial of Physiotec's RMT exercise module (via www.physiotec.ca) |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Science, Theory and Clinical Application in Orthopaedic Manual Physical Therapy: Applied Science and Theory Ola Grimsby, Jim Rivard, 2008-09-16 This long awaited textbook from The Ola Grimsby Institute provides decades of clinical experience and reasoning, with both historical and current evidence, with rationale for both passive and active treatments in orthopaedic manual therapy. Practical guidelines for joint mobilization and exercise rehabilitation are presented with this logical and exciting work. Incorporating experience and science, this book provides new approaches and treatment principles to make what you already do more effective. Extensive Content: Over 535 pages and 275 illustrations, photographs and tables Ola Grimsby and his co-authors have compiled a significant resource for the practicing physical therapist, manual therapist or osteopath. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning NSCA -National Strength & Conditioning Association, 2021-06-01 Developed by the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) and now in its fourth edition, Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning is the essential text for strength and conditioning professionals and students. This comprehensive resource, created by 30 expert contributors in the field, explains the key theories, concepts, and scientific principles of strength training and conditioning as well as their direct application to athletic competition and performance. The scope and content of Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, Fourth Edition With HKPropel Access, have been updated to convey the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of a strength and conditioning professional and to address the latest information found on the Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) exam. The evidence-based approach and unbeatable accuracy of the text make it the primary resource to rely on for CSCS exam preparation. The text is organized to lead readers from theory to program design and practical strategies for administration and management of strength and conditioning facilities. The fourth edition contains the most current research and applications and several new features: Online videos featuring 21 resistance training exercises demonstrate proper exercise form for classroom and practical use. Updated research—specifically in the areas of high-intensity interval training, overtraining, agility and change of direction, nutrition for health and performance, and periodization—helps readers better understand these popular trends in the industry. A new chapter with instructions and photos presents techniques for exercises using alternative modes and nontraditional implements. Ten additional tests, including those for maximum strength, power, and aerobic capacity, along with new flexibility exercises, resistance training exercises, plyometric exercises, and speed and agility drills help professionals design programs that reflect current guidelines. Key points, chapter objectives, and learning aids including key terms and self-study questions provide a structure to help students and professionals conceptualize the information and reinforce fundamental facts. Application sidebars provide practical application of scientific concepts that can be used by strength and conditioning specialists in real-world settings, making the information immediately relatable and usable. Online learning tools delivered through HKPropel provide students with 11 downloadable lab activities for practice and retention of information. Further, both students and professionals will benefit from the online videos of 21 foundational exercises that provide visual instruction and reinforce proper technique. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, Fourth Edition, provides the most comprehensive information on organization and administration of facilities, testing and evaluation, exercise techniques, training adaptations, program design, and structure and function of body systems. Its scope, precision, and dependability make it the essential preparation text for the CSCS exam as well as a definitive reference for strength and conditioning professionals to consult in their everyday practice. Note: A code for accessing HKPropel is not included with this ebook but may be purchased separately. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction Janet G. Travell, David G. Simons, 1992 ...gives a thorough understanding of what myofascial pain actually is, and provides a unique and effective approach to the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome for the lower body muscles. |
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| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Sports Performance Massage Steve Bedford, 2021-09-30 Sports Performance Massage instructs the student and practising therapist to use a combination of experience and scientific evidence to inform their sports massage practice, particularly when working with athletic populations. Strength and conditioning coaches, managers and athletes frequently ask questions about the best use of sports massage in order to recover quicker from injury and fatigue and improve performance. Sports Performance Massage empowers the therapist and gives them greater confidence by improving their scientific understanding when working with injured or competitive athletes. The exciting new volume covers all the aspects required to make a highly skilled, confident and employable sports massage therapist. Working with high-level athletes requires an additional skill level compared to working with the general public. Furthermore, advanced massage skills taught in this book, such as soft tissue release and trigger point therapy, are essential when working on muscular adhesions and injured areas. Pregnant athletes, those with disabilities, contraindications and athletes with special requirements have also been considered. Sports Performance Massage is a learning and research aid for those studying vocational sports massage courses as well as those studying other courses where massage forms part of the undergraduate and postgraduate degree, such as sports therapy, sports rehabilitation, osteopathy and physiotherapy. Unlike other sports massage books, Sports performance Massage has a strong academic focus, allowing the graduate therapist to stay up to date with the latest research in their respective field. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Biomechanics Daniel J. Schneck, Joseph D. Bronzino, 2002-08-29 Biomechanics: Principles and Applications offers a definitive, comprehensive review of this rapidly growing field, including recent advancements made by biomedical engineers to the understanding of fundamental aspects of physiologic function in health, disease, and environmental extremes. The chapters, each by a recognized leader in the field, addr |
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| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Perioperative Hemodynamic Monitoring and Goal Directed Therapy Maxime Cannesson, Rupert Pearse, 2014-09-04 This unique book provides clinicians and administrators with a comprehensive understanding of perioperative hemodynamic monitoring and goal directed therapy, emphasizing practical guidance for implementation at the bedside. Successful hemodynamic monitoring and goal directed therapy require a wide range of skills. This book will enable readers to: • Detail the rationale for using perioperative hemodynamic monitoring systems and for applying goal directed therapy protocols at the bedside • Understand the physiological concepts underlying perioperative goal directed therapy for hemodynamic management • Evaluate hemodynamic monitoring systems in clinical practice • Learn about new techniques for achieving goal directed therapy • Apply goal directed therapy protocols in the perioperative environment (including emergency departments, operating rooms and intensive care units) • Demonstrate clinical utility of GDT and hemodynamic optimization using case presentations. Illustrated with diagrams and case examples, this is an important resource for anesthesiologists, emergency physicians, intensivists and pneumonologists as well as nurses and administrative officers. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: NASM Essentials of Personal Fitness Training , 2008 Developed by the National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM), this book is designed to help people prepare for the NASM Certified Personal Trainer (CPT) Certification exam or learn the basic principles of personal training using NASM's Optimum Performance Training (OPT) model. The OPT model presents NASM's protocols for building stabilization, strength, and power. More than 600 full-color illustrations and photographs demonstrate concepts and techniques. Exercise color coding maps each exercise movement to a specific phase on the OPT model. Exercise boxes demonstrate core exercises and detail the necessary preparation and movement. Other features include research notes, memory joggers, safety tips, and review questions. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Physical Therapy of the Cervical and Thoracic Spine Ruth Grant, 1994 An overview of the subject for physical therapists presented in three sections: anatomy, biomechanics, and innervation; examination and assessment; and clinical management. Covers treatment by passive movement, recognizing four mechanisms of neurogenic pain, and management of neural injury by manual therapy. Includes discussion linking science, art, and placebo in manual therapy. This second edition contains eight new chapters. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR |
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| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Discipline Equals Freedom Jocko Willink, 2020-10-13 In this expanded edition of the 2017 mega-bestseller, updated with brand new sections like DO WHAT MAKES YOU HAPPY, SUGAR COATED LIES and DON'T NEGOTIATE WITH WEAKNESS, readers will discover new ways to become stronger, smarter, and healthier. Jocko Willink's methods for success were born in the SEAL Teams, where he spent most of his adult life, enlisting after high school and rising through the ranks to become the commander of the most highly decorated special operations unit of the war in Iraq. In Discipline Equals Freedom, the #1 New York Times bestselling coauthor of Extreme Ownership describes how he lives that mantra: the mental and physical disciplines he imposes on himself in order to achieve freedom in all aspects of life. Many books offer advice on how to overcome obstacles and reach your goals--but that advice often misses the most critical ingredient: discipline. Without discipline, there will be no real progress. Discipline Equals Freedom covers it all, including strategies and tactics for conquering weakness, procrastination, and fear, and specific physical training presented in workouts for beginner, intermediate, and advanced athletes, and even the best sleep habits and food intake recommended to optimize performance. FIND YOUR WILL, FIND YOUR DISCIPLINE--AND YOU WILL FIND YOUR FREEDOM |
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| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Oxford Handbook of Sport and Exercise Medicine Domhnall MacAuley, 2012-11 Fully revised and updated, with a new section on the older patient and expanded advice on physiotherapy and rehabilitation programmes, this handbook is an indispensable companion for any professional working in sport and exercise medicine. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Wound Care Carrie Sussman, Barbara M. Bates-Jensen, 2007 Designed for health care professionals in multiple disciplines and clinical settings, this comprehensive, evidence-based wound care text provides basic and advanced information on wound healing and therapies and emphasizes clinical decision-making. The text integrates the latest scientific findings with principles of good wound care and provides a complete set of current, evidence-based practices. This edition features a new chapter on wound pain management and a chapter showing how to use negative pressure therapy on many types of hard-to-heal wounds. Technological advances covered include ultrasound for wound debridement, laser treatments, and a single-patient-use disposable device for delivering pulsed radio frequency. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Human Dimension and Interior Space Julius Panero, Martin Zelnik, 2014-01-21 The study of human body measurements on a comparative basis is known as anthropometrics. Its applicability to the design process is seen in the physical fit, or interface, between the human body and the various components of interior space. Human Dimension and Interior Space is the first major anthropometrically based reference book of design standards for use by all those involved with the physical planning and detailing of interiors, including interior designers, architects, furniture designers, builders, industrial designers, and students of design. The use of anthropometric data, although no substitute for good design or sound professional judgment should be viewed as one of the many tools required in the design process. This comprehensive overview of anthropometrics consists of three parts. The first part deals with the theory and application of anthropometrics and includes a special section dealing with physically disabled and elderly people. It provides the designer with the fundamentals of anthropometrics and a basic understanding of how interior design standards are established. The second part contains easy-to-read, illustrated anthropometric tables, which provide the most current data available on human body size, organized by age and percentile groupings. Also included is data relative to the range of joint motion and body sizes of children. The third part contains hundreds of dimensioned drawings, illustrating in plan and section the proper anthropometrically based relationship between user and space. The types of spaces range from residential and commercial to recreational and institutional, and all dimensions include metric conversions. In the Epilogue, the authors challenge the interior design profession, the building industry, and the furniture manufacturer to seriously explore the problem of adjustability in design. They expose the fallacy of designing to accommodate the so-called average man, who, in fact, does not exist. Using government data, including studies prepared by Dr. Howard Stoudt, Dr. Albert Damon, and Dr. Ross McFarland, formerly of the Harvard School of Public Health, and Jean Roberts of the U.S. Public Health Service, Panero and Zelnik have devised a system of interior design reference standards, easily understood through a series of charts and situation drawings. With Human Dimension and Interior Space, these standards are now accessible to all designers of interior environments. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: ACSM's Foundations of Strength Training and Conditioning Nicholas Ratamess, 2021-03-15 Developed by the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), ACSM’s Foundations of Strength Training and Conditioningoffers a comprehensive introduction to the basics of strength training and conditioning. This updated 2nd edition focuses on practical applications, empowering students and practitioners to develop, implement, and assess the results of training programs that are designed to optimize strength, power, and athletic performance. Clear, straightforward writing helps students master new concepts with ease, and engaging learning features throughout the text provide the understanding and confidence to apply lessons to clinical practice. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: The Handbook of Behavior Change Martin S. Hagger, Linda D. Cameron, Kyra Hamilton, Nelli Hankonen, Taru Lintunen, 2020-07-15 Social problems in many domains, including health, education, social relationships, and the workplace, have their origins in human behavior. The documented links between behavior and social problems have compelled governments and organizations to prioritize and mobilize efforts to develop effective, evidence-based means to promote adaptive behavior change. In recognition of this impetus, The Handbook of Behavior Change provides comprehensive coverage of contemporary theory, research, and practice on behavior change. It summarizes current evidence-based approaches to behavior change in chapters authored by leading theorists, researchers, and practitioners from multiple disciplines, including psychology, sociology, behavioral science, economics, philosophy, and implementation science. It is the go-to resource for researchers, students, practitioners, and policy makers looking for current knowledge on behavior change and guidance on how to develop effective interventions to change behavior. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Modern Neuromuscular Techniques Leon Chaitow, 2010-08-25 Fully updated throughout, this popular book explains the history, rationale, and detailed descriptions of the class of soft tissue manipulation methods known collectively as NMT techniques. Complete with accompanying website - www.chaitowonline.com - which contains film sequences of the author demonstrating the techniques, this book will be ideal for bodyworkers and acupuncturists in Europe, the USA and beyond. - Facilitates the rapid and accurate identification of local soft-tissue dysfunction - Explains the origin of soft tissue distress - Provides diverse maps and explanations for the patterns of tender and trigger points seen daily in clinical practice - Includes guidance on the use of NMT for the treatment of the symptoms of fibromyalgia and abdominal dysfunction - Gives important guidance on the treatment of trigger points in treating lymphatic dysfunction - Discusses the use of NMT in the management of pain and hyperventilation - Explains the diagnostic and therapeutic value of tender reflex points related to viscero-somatic and somatic-visceral reflexes - Describes both European and North American versions of NMT - Provides a clear set of treatment options for all bodywork therapists and acupuncture practitioners - Authored by a highly respected, internationally known teacher, practitioner and author, with contributions from three leading practitioners from the U.S. and Europe - Contains a new chapter on the value of Thai Yoga massage, associated with NMT methodology - Contains source material and commentary on the contribution of Raymond Nimmo DC in the evolution of NMT - Website - www.chaitowonline.com - containing updated video clips demonstrating the application of NMT |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Alper Erturk, Daniel J. Inman, 2011-04-04 The transformation of vibrations into electric energy through the use of piezoelectric devices is an exciting and rapidly developing area of research with a widening range of applications constantly materialising. With Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting, world-leading researchers provide a timely and comprehensive coverage of the electromechanical modelling and applications of piezoelectric energy harvesters. They present principal modelling approaches, synthesizing fundamental material related to mechanical, aerospace, civil, electrical and materials engineering disciplines for vibration-based energy harvesting using piezoelectric transduction. Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting provides the first comprehensive treatment of distributed-parameter electromechanical modelling for piezoelectric energy harvesting with extensive case studies including experimental validations, and is the first book to address modelling of various forms of excitation in piezoelectric energy harvesting, ranging from airflow excitation to moving loads, thus ensuring its relevance to engineers in fields as disparate as aerospace engineering and civil engineering. Coverage includes: Analytical and approximate analytical distributed-parameter electromechanical models with illustrative theoretical case studies as well as extensive experimental validations Several problems of piezoelectric energy harvesting ranging from simple harmonic excitation to random vibrations Details of introducing and modelling piezoelectric coupling for various problems Modelling and exploiting nonlinear dynamics for performance enhancement, supported with experimental verifications Applications ranging from moving load excitation of slender bridges to airflow excitation of aeroelastic sections A review of standard nonlinear energy harvesting circuits with modelling aspects. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow Michitoshi Inoue, Masatsugu Hori, Shoichi Imai, Robert M. Berne, 2013-11-09 Research centering on blood flow in the heart continues to hold an important position, especially since a better understanding of the subject may help reduce the incidence of coronary arterial disease and heart attacks. This book summarizes recent advances in the field; it is the product of fruitful cooperation among international scientists who met in Japan in May, 1990 to discuss the regulation of coronary blood flow. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Therapeutic Exercise William D. Bandy, Barbara Sanders, 2001 This entirely new resource focuses on the implementation of treatment plans and intervention using the newest appropriate therapeutic exercise techniques. It provides descriptions and rationale for use of a wide range of exercises to improve a patient's function and health status and to prevent potential future problems. The description of the purpose, position and procedure is given for each technique, providing a complete understanding of the exercise. Features include Pediatric and Geriatric Boxes, Case Studies, and Clinical Guidelines. Fourteen contributors in the fields of exercise science and physical therapy make the text a comprehensive, well-rounded overview of therapeutic exercise techniques. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Fundamentals of Biomechanics Duane Knudson, 2013-04-17 Fundamentals of Biomechanics introduces the exciting world of how human movement is created and how it can be improved. Teachers, coaches and physical therapists all use biomechanics to help people improve movement and decrease the risk of injury. The book presents a comprehensive review of the major concepts of biomechanics and summarizes them in nine principles of biomechanics. Fundamentals of Biomechanics concludes by showing how these principles can be used by movement professionals to improve human movement. Specific case studies are presented in physical education, coaching, strength and conditioning, and sports medicine. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Phenomenology of Perception Maurice Merleau-Ponty, 1996 Buddhist philosophy of Anicca (impermanence), Dukkha (suffering), and |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Allelopathy Manuel Joaquín Reigosa Roger, Nuria Pedrol, Luís González, 2006 This book provides the reader relevant information about actual knowledge about the process of allelopathy, covering all aspects from the molecular to the ecological level. Special relevance is given to the physiological and ecophysiological aspects of allelopathy. Several ecosystems are studied and methodological considerations are taken into account in several different chapters. The book has been written to be useful both for Ph.D. students and for senior researchers, so the chapters include all necessary information to be read by beginners, but they also include a lot of useful information and discussion for the initiated. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Safe Work in the 21st Century Institute of Medicine, Board on Health Sciences Policy, Committee to Assess Training Needs for Occupational Safety and Health Personnel in the United States, 2000-09-01 Despite many advances, 20 American workers die each day as a result of occupational injuries. And occupational safety and health (OSH) is becoming even more complex as workers move away from the long-term, fixed-site, employer relationship. This book looks at worker safety in the changing workplace and the challenge of ensuring a supply of top-notch OSH professionals. Recommendations are addressed to federal and state agencies, OSH organizations, educational institutions, employers, unions, and other stakeholders. The committee reviews trends in workforce demographics, the nature of work in the information age, globalization of work, and the revolution in health care deliveryâ€exploring the implications for OSH education and training in the decade ahead. The core professions of OSH (occupational safety, industrial hygiene, and occupational medicine and nursing) and key related roles (employee assistance professional, ergonomist, and occupational health psychologist) are profiled-how many people are in the field, where they work, and what they do. The book reviews in detail the education, training, and education grants available to OSH professionals from public and private sources. |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Mnri® Svetlana Masgutova, Denis Masgutov, 2018-10 |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement David A. Winter, 2009-10-12 The classic book on human movement in biomechanics, newly updated Widely used and referenced, David Winter's Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement is a classic examination of techniques used to measure and analyze all body movements as mechanical systems, including such everyday movements as walking. It fills the gap in human movement science area where modern science and technology are integrated with anatomy, muscle physiology, and electromyography to assess and understand human movement. In light of the explosive growth of the field, this new edition updates and enhances the text with: Expanded coverage of 3D kinematics and kinetics New materials on biomechanical movement synergies and signal processing, including auto and cross correlation, frequency analysis, analog and digital filtering, and ensemble averaging techniques Presentation of a wide spectrum of measurement and analysis techniques Updates to all existing chapters Basic physical and physiological principles in capsule form for quick reference An essential resource for researchers and student in kinesiology, bioengineering (rehabilitation engineering), physical education, ergonomics, and physical and occupational therapy, this text will also provide valuable to professionals in orthopedics, muscle physiology, and rehabilitation medicine. In response to many requests, the extensive numerical tables contained in Appendix A: Kinematic, Kinetic, and Energy Data can also be found at the following Web site: www.wiley.com/go/biomechanics |
| active and dynamic stretching utilize which physiological action: Capnography J. S. Gravenstein, Michael B. Jaffe, Nikolaus Gravenstein, David A. Paulus, 2011-03-17 In recent years capnography has gained a foothold in the medical field and is fast becoming a standard of care in anaesthesiology and critical care medicine. In addition, newer applications have emerged which have expanded the utility of capnographs in a number of medical disciplines. This new edition of the definitive text on capnography reviews every aspect of this valuable diagnostic technique. An introductory section summarises the basic physiology of carbon dioxide generation and transport in the body. A technical section describes how the instruments work, and a comprehensive clinical section reviews the use of capnography to diagnose a wide range of clinical disorders. Edited by the world experts in the technique, and with over 40 specialist contributors, Capnography, second edition, is the most comprehensive review available on the application of capnography in health care. |
How do I forcefully change the active signal resolution?
Nov 19, 2019 · I understand that you want to change the active signal resolution for the monitor that you are using. I would suggest you to refer the troubleshooting steps mentioned below …
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Feb 6, 2025 · It highlights the row and column of whatever your current active cell is. On the View ribbon select Focus Cell in the Show section to activate it. Reply if you have additional …
External monitors detected but not active, how can I fix this?
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Incorrect active signal resolution - Microsoft Community
Aug 31, 2018 · I set the indicated resolution on each screen but the screen 3 is looking blurry. Go to "advanced display settings" and I can see even though the "Desktop resolution" is correctly …
How to enable ActiveX on Windows 10 - Microsoft Community
Aug 8, 2015 · 1. Do you receive any prompt message to install Active X? 2. Does the issue occur with particular webpage? Let's try the following and check: Method 1: To enable ActiveX in …
Anyone get unknowingly charged $99.95 by Active Network?
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Enable ActiveX control in Microsoft Edge latest
Sep 2, 2020 · I work on a web Application which runs only on IE11. Currently, we use ActiveX control to open Documents (MS word) with in the web application. so far, everything works …
Message - Active Content is Blocked - Microsoft Community
Mar 5, 2023 · The "active content" in Access refers to any code or macros within the database that can execute when the file is opened. The message is a security measure designed to …
Tracking Employee Activity - Microsoft Community
Apr 7, 2020 · Even if it's not tracking their full computer activity, that it is at least tracking a summary of the overall amount of time that the person is active in teams. You may want to …
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Apr 16, 2025 · Complete a purchase by May 11, 2025 to keep your account active (SOLVED) Hello, I am a small business owner, with just an Microsoft 365 Business Basic licence.
How do I forcefully change the active signal resolution?
Nov 19, 2019 · I understand that you want to change the active signal resolution for the monitor that you are using. I would suggest you to refer the troubleshooting steps mentioned below …
how to highlight an active row so that I can see it clearly and not ...
Feb 6, 2025 · It highlights the row and column of whatever your current active cell is. On the View ribbon select Focus Cell in the Show section to activate it. Reply if you have additional …
External monitors detected but not active, how can I fix this?
Mar 23, 2023 · In the normal Display settings it simply shows the other external monitors but are a different faded grey, im assuming to show they arent active. Cant access refresh rate or alter …
Incorrect active signal resolution - Microsoft Community
Aug 31, 2018 · I set the indicated resolution on each screen but the screen 3 is looking blurry. Go to "advanced display settings" and I can see even though the "Desktop resolution" is correctly …
How to enable ActiveX on Windows 10 - Microsoft Community
Aug 8, 2015 · 1. Do you receive any prompt message to install Active X? 2. Does the issue occur with particular webpage? Let's try the following and check: Method 1: To enable ActiveX in …
Anyone get unknowingly charged $99.95 by Active Network?
Not fraud. When you sign up for an event through Active Network, like an ironman race, they'll sneakily set you up with a 30 day trial to their "Active Advantage" program, which gives …
Enable ActiveX control in Microsoft Edge latest
Sep 2, 2020 · I work on a web Application which runs only on IE11. Currently, we use ActiveX control to open Documents (MS word) with in the web application. so far, everything works …
Message - Active Content is Blocked - Microsoft Community
Mar 5, 2023 · The "active content" in Access refers to any code or macros within the database that can execute when the file is opened. The message is a security measure designed to …
Tracking Employee Activity - Microsoft Community
Apr 7, 2020 · Even if it's not tracking their full computer activity, that it is at least tracking a summary of the overall amount of time that the person is active in teams. You may want to …
Is this scam? Complete a purchase by May 11, 2025 to keep your …
Apr 16, 2025 · Complete a purchase by May 11, 2025 to keep your account active (SOLVED) Hello, I am a small business owner, with just an Microsoft 365 Business Basic licence.
