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Active vs Passive Electronics: A Critical Analysis of Current Trends
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, PhD in Electrical Engineering, Professor of Electronics at MIT
Publisher: IEEE Xplore Digital Library (IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) – a globally recognized and respected publisher in the field of electrical engineering and related technologies.
Editor: Dr. Robert Chen, PhD in Electrical Engineering, experienced technical editor with over 15 years of experience editing publications for IEEE Xplore.
Keywords: active vs passive electronics, active components, passive components, electronics design, power consumption, signal amplification, circuit design, integrated circuits, current trends in electronics, miniaturization, energy efficiency.
Abstract: This analysis delves into the ongoing debate surrounding active vs passive electronics, exploring the strengths and weaknesses of each approach in the context of modern technological advancements. We will examine how the choice between active and passive components influences design parameters, efficiency, cost, and miniaturization, and how this choice shapes current trends in various electronic applications. The increasing importance of energy efficiency and the rise of sophisticated integrated circuits are highlighted as key drivers shaping the future of this crucial dichotomy.
1. Introduction: The Fundamental Dichotomy
The field of electronics hinges on the interplay between active and passive components. Understanding the fundamental differences between active vs passive electronics is crucial for any engineer involved in circuit design. Passive components, such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors, modify the flow of electrical energy without requiring an external power source. Active components, on the other hand, like transistors, operational amplifiers (op-amps), and integrated circuits (ICs), require a power source to operate and can amplify, switch, or process signals. The choice between active vs passive electronics significantly impacts design parameters, performance, and cost-effectiveness.
2. Passive Electronics: The Foundation of Circuitry
Passive electronics form the bedrock of most circuits. Resistors control current flow, capacitors store energy, and inductors oppose changes in current. Their simplicity and robustness contribute to their widespread use. Passive components are generally inexpensive, reliable, and less susceptible to noise. However, their inherent limitations become evident when dealing with complex signal processing, amplification, or switching operations. The absence of gain in passive electronics often necessitates the use of active components to achieve desired functionality. The increasing demand for miniaturization and increased functionality is pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved with passive electronics alone.
3. Active Electronics: Power and Complexity
Active electronics provide the ability to amplify, rectify, and manipulate signals, creating the foundation for complex electronic systems. Transistors, the workhorses of modern electronics, act as electronic switches and amplifiers. Op-amps offer versatile signal processing capabilities, while integrated circuits pack numerous transistors and other components onto a single chip, enabling miniaturization and increased functionality. Active components enable the creation of sophisticated systems such as microprocessors, memory chips, and communication devices. However, active components introduce complexities such as power consumption, heat dissipation, and potential noise generation. The trade-off between the power of active vs passive electronics is a central consideration in circuit design.
4. The Interplay: Active and Passive Components Working Together
In reality, most electronic circuits effectively combine active and passive electronics. Passive components often serve as supporting elements for active devices, providing bias, filtering, and impedance matching. For example, a simple transistor amplifier uses resistors and capacitors to set the operating point and filter unwanted signals. The synergy between active vs passive electronics allows engineers to optimize circuit performance and efficiency. Modern design methodologies emphasize the combined utilization of active and passive elements for enhanced functionality and reduced power consumption.
5. Current Trends: Miniaturization and Energy Efficiency
The current landscape of electronics is profoundly influenced by the relentless pursuit of miniaturization and energy efficiency. The active vs passive electronics debate is central to these trends. The increasing density of integrated circuits allows for more active components within smaller spaces, pushing the limits of miniaturization. However, this also increases power consumption and heat generation, necessitating clever design techniques to manage these challenges. The focus is shifting toward low-power active components and efficient passive elements to address these concerns.
6. The Rise of Integrated Circuits: Reshaping the Landscape of Active vs Passive Electronics
The development of sophisticated integrated circuits (ICs) has revolutionized the way active vs passive electronics are implemented. ICs integrate numerous active and passive components onto a single chip, significantly reducing size and cost while enhancing performance. The integration capabilities of ICs have led to the development of more complex and efficient electronic systems, further blurring the lines between purely active and purely passive designs.
7. Cost Considerations: Balancing Active and Passive Components
The cost of components plays a significant role in electronic design. Passive components are generally less expensive than active components, particularly in high-volume production. However, the cost savings from using fewer active components may be offset by the added complexity and potential increase in the number of passive components needed to achieve the same functionality. Careful consideration of the trade-off between active vs passive electronics is essential for optimizing cost-effectiveness.
8. Challenges and Future Directions
The development of more efficient and powerful active components, along with innovative passive component technologies, continues to shape the future of electronics. Challenges remain in managing power consumption, heat dissipation, and electromagnetic interference, particularly in high-density integrated circuits. Research into new materials and design techniques is crucial for overcoming these limitations and driving further advancements in active vs passive electronics. The exploration of new passive technologies like memristors, which bridge the gap between passive and active components, holds immense potential.
9. Conclusion
The ongoing discussion of active vs passive electronics underscores the complex interplay between component selection, design methodology, and performance optimization. While passive components provide a foundation of simplicity and reliability, active components enable sophisticated functionality and signal processing capabilities. The efficient integration of both active and passive electronics remains central to technological advancements, with the pursuit of miniaturization and energy efficiency as pivotal drivers shaping the future of electronic design. The continuing development of sophisticated integrated circuits and low-power components will further blur the lines between active and passive designs, resulting in more efficient, powerful, and compact electronic systems.
FAQs
1. What is the primary difference between active and passive components? Active components require an external power source to operate and can amplify or process signals, whereas passive components do not require a power source and only modify the signal.
2. Which type of component is generally more expensive: active or passive? Active components, particularly integrated circuits, are typically more expensive than passive components.
3. What are some examples of common active components? Transistors, operational amplifiers (op-amps), and integrated circuits (ICs) are common examples.
4. What are some examples of common passive components? Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers are common examples.
5. How does the choice between active vs passive electronics impact power consumption? Active components consume power, while passive components do not. Therefore, circuits with more active components will generally consume more power.
6. What is the significance of miniaturization in the context of active vs passive electronics? Miniaturization drives the integration of more components into smaller spaces, often leading to a higher proportion of active components in integrated circuits.
7. How does heat dissipation affect the choice between active vs passive electronics? Active components generate heat, which needs to be managed effectively through heat sinks or other cooling mechanisms, particularly in high-density circuits.
8. What role does impedance matching play in the interaction between active and passive components? Passive components are often used for impedance matching to optimize the transfer of signals between active components.
9. What are some emerging trends in active vs passive electronics? Emerging trends include low-power active components, improved passive component technologies (like memristors), and advanced packaging techniques for efficient heat management.
Related Articles:
1. "Low-Power Design Techniques for Integrated Circuits": This article explores various techniques to reduce power consumption in ICs, a crucial consideration when integrating active and passive components.
2. "Advanced Passive Component Technologies": This article examines emerging technologies in passive components, such as novel capacitor and inductor designs, and their impact on miniaturization and performance.
3. "The Role of Impedance Matching in RF Circuits": This article delves into the importance of passive components for impedance matching in radio frequency circuits, highlighting the interaction between active and passive elements.
4. "Heat Management in High-Density Integrated Circuits": This article focuses on techniques to effectively dissipate heat generated by active components in high-density integrated circuits, crucial for preventing performance degradation.
5. "A Comparative Study of Different Amplifier Architectures": This article compares various amplifier designs, highlighting the trade-offs between active and passive components in achieving specific performance characteristics.
6. "The Design and Application of Memristors in Electronic Circuits": This article explores the emerging field of memristors, examining their potential to bridge the gap between passive and active components.
7. "Energy Harvesting Techniques for Low-Power Electronics": This article investigates methods for harvesting energy from the environment, minimizing the dependence on external power sources for active components.
8. "Signal Integrity and Noise Reduction in High-Speed Digital Circuits": This article focuses on the challenges of managing noise and signal integrity in high-speed circuits, which often rely heavily on both active and passive components.
9. "Cost Optimization Strategies in Electronic System Design": This article explores various strategies for optimizing the cost of electronic systems, emphasizing the trade-offs between active and passive component selection.
| active vs passive electronics: Testing Active and Passive Electronic Components Richard.F. Powell, 2022-11-30 This book meets the vital need of providing one place where a comprehensive information on how to test more than one type of electronic component. The monograph gathers together data from scattered literature, including books, manufacturers' guides, instruction manuals, application notes and military and industry standards and provides a key information necessary to allow users to get started immediately on component testing and presents effective options for handling high-, low- and medium-volume testing. |
| active vs passive electronics: Electronic Components and Systems W. H. Dennis, 2013-10-22 Electronic Components and Systems focuses on the principles and processes in the field of electronics and the integrated circuit. Covered in the book are basic aspects and physical fundamentals; different types of materials involved in the field; and passive and active electronic components such as capacitors, inductors, diodes, and transistors. Also covered in the book are topics such as the fabrication of semiconductors and integrated circuits; analog circuitry; digital logic technology; and microprocessors. The monograph is recommended for beginning electrical engineers who would like to know the fundamental concepts, theories, and processes in the related fields. |
| active vs passive electronics: Electronics Simplified Ian Sinclair, 2011-05-17 Previously published as: Electronics made simple / Ian Sinclair. 2002. 2nd ed. |
| active vs passive electronics: Asymmetric Passive Components in Microwave Integrated Circuits Hee-Ran Ahn, 2006-09-01 This book examines the new and important technology of asymmetric passive components for miniaturized microwave passive circuits. The asymmetric design methods and ideas set forth by the author are groundbreaking and have not been treated in previous works. Readers discover how these design methods reduce the circuit size of microwave integrated circuits and are also critical to reducing the cost of equipment such as cellular phones, radars, antennas, automobiles, and robots. An introductory chapter on the history of asymmetric passive components, which began with asymmetric ring hybrids first described by the author, sets the background for the book. It lays a solid foundation with a chapter examining microwave circuit parameters such as scattering, ABCD, impedance, admittance, and image. A valuable feature of this chapter is a conversion table between the various circuit matrices characterizing two-port networks terminated in arbitrary impedances. The correct conversion has also never been treated in previous works. Next, the author sets forth a thorough treatment of asymmetric passive component design, which covers the basic and indispensable elements for integration with other active or passive devices, including: * Asymmetric ring hybrids * Asymmetric branch-line hybrids * Asymmetric three-port power dividers and N-way power dividers * Asymmetric ring hybrid phase shifters and attenuators * Asymmetric ring filters and asymmetric impedance transformers With its focus on the principles of circuit element design, this is a must-have graduate-level textbook for students in microwave engineering, as well as a reference for design engineers who want to learn the new and powerful design method for asymmetric passive components. |
| active vs passive electronics: Passive Electronic Component Handbook Charles A. Harper, 1997 The Definitive Technical Resource on Passive Components! Here's the fully updated and revised edition of the most comprehensive standard reference on electronic components--and the first such revision in over 15 years! It gives electronics engineers, designers, and technicians quick, reliable one-volume access to critical characteristic data, performance curves, and design guidelines. The full range of component technologies is covered, including resistors, capacitors, transformers, relays and switches, batteries, fuse and protective components, filters and transient voltage protection devices, wiring and cabling, connectors, and enabling devices. More than a mere rehashing of manufacturer specs, this unique handbook provides working electronics professionals and mechanical engineers with the practical data they need to more effectively select optimal components for their intended functional performance in virtually any electronics system. Along with its companion volume, the Active Electronic Component Handbook, this resource belongs on every designer's bookshelf. |
| active vs passive electronics: Passive Components for Circuit Design Ian Sinclair, 2000-11-20 Passive Components for Circuit Design is a unique introduction to this key area of analog electronics designed for technician engineers and anyone involved in circuit design. The coverage encompasses all component types capable of power amplification: resistors, capacitors, transformers, solenoids, motors and transducers. The behaviour of the components is explored along with the different types available and the principles of circuit design. Tolerances, stability, variation with temperature, reliability and manufacturing standards are all covered. Reading this book will improve your skills in component selection and analog circuit design. These are essential skills not only for the analog designer, but for all circuit designers, professional or amateur. - Gain a deeper understanding of using passive components - Understand the range of components and their applications before designing and specifying - Acquire a working knowledge with a minimum of maths |
| active vs passive electronics: CMOS R. Jacob Baker, 2008 This edition provides an important contemporary view of a wide range of analog/digital circuit blocks, the BSIM model, data converter architectures, and more. The authors develop design techniques for both long- and short-channel CMOS technologies and then compare the two. |
| active vs passive electronics: Passive and Active Network Analysis and Synthesis Aram Budak, 1991 The aim of this text is to provide physical insight & thorough understanding of the complex-frequency domain & its application of circuits. |
| active vs passive electronics: The Electronics Handbook Jerry C. Whitaker, 2018-10-03 During the ten years since the appearance of the groundbreaking, bestselling first edition of The Electronics Handbook, the field has grown and changed tremendously. With a focus on fundamental theory and practical applications, the first edition guided novice and veteran engineers along the cutting edge in the design, production, installation, operation, and maintenance of electronic devices and systems. Completely updated and expanded to reflect recent advances, this second edition continues the tradition. The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition provides a comprehensive reference to the key concepts, models, and equations necessary to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of complex electrical devices, circuits, instruments, and systems. With 23 sections that encompass the entire electronics field, from classical devices and circuits to emerging technologies and applications, The Electronics Handbook, Second Edition not only covers the engineering aspects, but also includes sections on reliability, safety, and engineering management. The book features an individual table of contents at the beginning of each chapter, which enables engineers from industry, government, and academia to navigate easily to the vital information they need. This is truly the most comprehensive, easy-to-use reference on electronics available. |
| active vs passive electronics: Fundamentals of Electronics Book 3: (Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response) Thomas Schubert, Ernest Kim, 2017-02-15 This book, Active Filters and Amplifier Frequency Response, is the third of four books of a larger work, Fundamentals of Electronics. It is comprised of three chapters that describe the frequency dependent response of electronic circuits. This book begins with an extensive tutorial on creating and using Bode Diagrams that leads to the modeling and design of active filters using operational amplifiers. The second chapter starts by focusing on bypass and coupling capacitors and, after introducing high-frequency modeling of bipolar and field-effect transistors, extensively develops the high- and low-frequency response of a variety of common electronic amplifiers. The final chapter expands the frequency-dependent discussion to feedback amplifiers, the possibility of instabilities, and remedies for good amplifier design. |
| active vs passive electronics: Analog Electronics Ian Hickman, 1999-06-10 Analog Electronics is a vital book for all electronics designers to have to hand - it will answer nagging questions about core analog theory and design principles as well as offering practical design ideas. The second edition of this popular text has been enhanced with concise design implementations, with many of the circuits taken from Ian Hickman's magazine articles. Although not a traditional textbook, Analog Electronics is also an ideal course text for students at HNC/HND and degree level. The contents have been carefully matched to provide full coverage of the appropriate units in the new BTEC Higher National Engineering scheme from Edexcel. Ian Hickman is looked to by thousands of circuit designers for his innovative design ideas and clear explanations of the fundamentals of analog circuit design. This book is a distillation of Hickman's design insights, introducing all the main areas of analog electronics. - The professional text for analog electronics - Includes numerous practical circuit ideas |
| active vs passive electronics: Electronic Systems for Radio, Television and Electronic Mechanics Rhys Lewis, 1973 |
| active vs passive electronics: Power Electronics and Motor Drive Systems Stefanos Manias, 2016-11-08 Power Electronics and Motor Drive Systems is designed to aid electrical engineers, researchers, and students to analyze and address common problems in state-of-the-art power electronics technologies. Author Stefanos Manias supplies a detailed discussion of the theory of power electronics circuits and electronic power conversion technology systems, with common problems and methods of analysis to critically evaluate results. These theories are reinforced by simulation examples using well-known and widely available software programs, including SPICE, PSIM, and MATLAB/SIMULINK. Manias expertly analyzes power electronic circuits with basic power semiconductor devices, as well as the new power electronic converters. He also clearly and comprehensively provides an analysis of modulation and output voltage, current control techniques, passive and active filtering, and the characteristics and gating circuits of different power semiconductor switches, such as BJTs, IGBTs, MOSFETs, IGCTs, MCTs and GTOs. - Includes step-by-step analysis of power electronic systems - Reinforced by simulation examples using SPICE, PSIM, and MATLAB/SIMULINK - Provides 110 common problems and solutions in power electronics technologies |
| active vs passive electronics: Passive RF and Microwave Integrated Circuits Leo Maloratsky, 2003-12-01 The growth in RF and wireless/mobile computing devices that operate at microwave frequencies has resulted in explosive demand for integrated circuits capable of operating at such frequencies in order to accomplish functions like frequency division, phase shifting, attenuation, and isolators and circulators for antennas. This book is an introduction to such ICs, combining theory and practical applications of those devices. In addition to this combined theory and application approach, the author discusses the critical importance of differing fabrication materials on the performance of ICs at different frequencies. This is an area often overlooked when choosing ICs for RF and microwave applications, yet it can be a crucial factor in how an IC performs in a given application. - Gives reader a solid background in an increasingly important area of circuit design - Emphasis on combination of theoretical discussions with practical application examples - In-depth discussion of critical, but often overlooked topic of different fabrication material performances at varying frequencies |
| active vs passive electronics: Principles of Analog Electronics Giovanni Saggio, 2014-01-29 In the real world, most signals are analog, spanning continuously varying values. Circuits that interface with the physical environment need to be able to process these signals. Principles of Analog Electronics introduces the fascinating world of analog electronics, where fields, circuits, signals and systems, and semiconductors meet. Drawing on the author’s teaching experience, this richly illustrated, full-color textbook expertly blends theory with practical examples to give a clear understanding of how real electronic circuits work. Build from the Essentials of Math, Physics, and Chemistry to Electronic Components, Circuits, and Applications Building a solid foundation, the book first explains the mathematics, physics, and chemistry that are essential for grasping the principles behind the operation of electronic devices. It then examines the theory of circuits through models and important theorems. The book describes and analyzes passive and active electronic devices, focusing on fundamental filters and common silicon-based components, including diodes, bipolar junction transistors, and metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). It also shows how semiconductor devices are used to design electronic circuits such as rectifiers, power suppliers, clamper and clipper circuits, and amplifiers. A chapter explores actual applications, from audio amplifiers and FM radios to battery chargers. Delve Deeper into Analog Electronics through Curiosities, Key Personalities, and Practical Examples Each chapter includes helpful summaries with key points, jargon, and terms, as well as exercises to test your knowledge. Practical tables illustrate the coding schemes to help identify commercial passive and active components. Throughout, sidebars highlight curiosities, interesting observations, and examples that make the subject more concrete. This textbook offers a truly comprehensive introduction to the fundamentals of analog electronics, including essential background concepts. Taking a fresh approach, it connects electronics to its importance in daily life, from music to medicine and more. |
| active vs passive electronics: Approximation Methods for Electronic Filter Design Richard W. Daniels, 1974 |
| active vs passive electronics: Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar Richard C. Dorf, 2018-10-03 In two editions spanning more than a decade, The Electrical Engineering Handbook stands as the definitive reference to the multidisciplinary field of electrical engineering. Our knowledge continues to grow, and so does the Handbook. For the third edition, it has expanded into a set of six books carefully focused on a specialized area or field of study. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar represents a concise yet definitive collection of key concepts, models, and equations in these areas, thoughtfully gathered for convenient access. Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar delves into the fields of electronics, integrated circuits, power electronics, optoelectronics, electromagnetics, light waves, and radar, supplying all of the basic information required for a deep understanding of each area. It also devotes a section to electrical effects and devices and explores the emerging fields of microlithography and power electronics. Articles include defining terms, references, and sources of further information. Encompassing the work of the world’s foremost experts in their respective specialties, Electronics, Power Electronics, Optoelectronics, Microwaves, Electromagnetics, and Radar features the latest developments, the broadest scope of coverage, and new material in emerging areas. |
| active vs passive electronics: Passive, Active, and Digital Filters Wai-Kai Chen, 2018-10-08 Culled from the pages of CRC's highly successful, best-selling The Circuits and Filters Handbook, Second Edition, Passive, Active, and Digital Filters presents a sharply focused, comprehensive review of the fundamental theory behind professional applications of these complex filters. It supplies a concise, convenient reference to the key concepts, models, and equations necessary to analyze, design, and predict the behavior of large-scale systems that employ various types of filters, illustrated by frequent examples. Edited by a distinguished authority, this book emphasizes the theoretical concepts underlying the processes, behavior, and operation of these filters. More than 470 figures and tables illustrate the concepts, and where necessary, the theories, principles, and mathematics of some subjects are reviewed. Expert contributors discuss general characteristics of filters, frequency transformations, sensitivity and selectivity, low-gain active filters, higher-order filters, continuous-time integrated filters, FIR and IIR filters, and VLSI implementation of digital filters, among many other topics. Passive, Active, and Digital Filters builds a strong theoretical foundation for the design and analysis of a variety of filters, from passive to active to digital, while serving as a handy reference for experienced engineers, making it a must-have for both beginners and seasoned experts. |
| active vs passive electronics: Sensors, Circuits & Instrumentation Systems Olfa Kanoun, Nabil Derbel, Faouzi Derbel, 2018-07-23 Signal Processing is one of the large specializations in electrical engineering, mechanical engineering and computer sciences. It derives input from physics, mathematics and is an indispensable feature of all natural- and life sciences in research and in application. The snew series Advanced Issues on Signals, Systems and Devices presents original publications mainly from speakers on the International Conferences on Signal Systems and Devices but also from other international authors. The Conference is a forum for researchers and specialists in different fields covering all types of sensors and measurement systems as for example: Biomedical and Environmental Measurements & Instrumentation; Optical, Chemical and Biomedical Sensors; Mechanical and Thermal Sensors; Micro-Sensors and MEMS-Technology; Nano Sensors, Nano Systems and Nano Technology; Spectroscopy Methods; Signal Processing and Modelling; Multi Sensor Data Fusion; Data Acquisition & Distributed Measurements; Medical and Environmental Applications; Circuit Test, Device Characterization and Modelling; Custom and Semi-Custom Circuits; Analog Circuit Design; Low-Voltage, Low-Power VLSI Design; Hardware Implementation; Materials, Devices and Interconnects; Packaging and Reliability; Battery Monitoring: Impedance Spectroscopy for Measurement and Sensor Solutions; Energy Harvesting and Wireless power Transfer Systems; Wireless Sensor Networks in Industrial Plants This first volume of the new series mainly devotes to the most recent research and implementation of sensors-, circuit systems in signal processing, energy harvesting, nano- and molecular electronics. |
| active vs passive electronics: Hearings, Reports and Prints of the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations, 1975 |
| active vs passive electronics: Multinational Corporations and United States Foreign Policy United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, 1975 |
| active vs passive electronics: Multinational Corporations and United States Foreign Policy: Investments by multinational companies in the Communist bloc countries United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Multinational Corporations, 1973 |
| active vs passive electronics: The 1984 Guide to the Evaluation of Educational Experiences in the Armed Services , 1984 |
| active vs passive electronics: Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices Rajesh Singh, Sushabhan Choudhury, 2016-09-17 The book presents high-quality research papers presented at the first international conference, ICICCD 2016, organised by the Department of Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering of University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun on 2nd and 3rd April, 2016. The book is broadly divided into three sections: Intelligent Communication, Intelligent Control and Intelligent Devices. The areas covered under these sections are wireless communication and radio technologies, optical communication, communication hardware evolution, machine-to-machine communication networks, routing techniques, network analytics, network applications and services, satellite and space communications, technologies for e-communication, wireless Ad-Hoc and sensor networks, communications and information security, signal processing for communications, communication software, microwave informatics, robotics and automation, optimization techniques and algorithms, intelligent transport, mechatronics system, guidance and navigation, algorithms, linear/non-linear control, home automation, sensors, smart cities, control systems, high performance computing, cognition control, adaptive control, distributed control, prediction models, hybrid control system, control applications, power system, manufacturing, agriculture cyber physical system, network control system, genetic control based, wearable devices, nano devices, MEMS, bio-inspired computing, embedded and real-time software, VLSI and embedded systems, FPGA, digital system and logic design, image and video processing, machine vision, medical imaging, and reconfigurable computing systems. |
| active vs passive electronics: The 1980 Guide to the Evaluation of Educational Experiences in the Armed Services: Coast Guard, Marine Corps, Navy, Dept. of Defense American Council on Education, 1980 |
| active vs passive electronics: Contemporary Computing Sanjay Ranka, Srinivas Aluru, Rajkumar Buyya, Yeh-Ching Chung, Sandeep Gupta, Ananth Grama, Rajeev Kumar, Vir V. Phoha, Sumeet Dua, 2009-08-19 This book constitutes the refereed papers of the 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing, which was held in Noida (New Delhi), India, in August 2009. The 61 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 213 submissions and focus on topics that are of contemporary interest to computer and computational scientists and engineers. The papers are organized in topical sections on Algorithms, Applications, Bioinformatics, and Systems. |
| active vs passive electronics: Modern Dictionary of Electronics Rudolf F. Graf, 1999-08-11 Included in this fully revised classic are well over 28,000 terms, phrases, acronyms, and abbreviations from the ever-expanding worlds of consumer electronics, optics, microelectronics, computers, communications, and medical electronics. From the basic elements of theory to the most cutting-edge circuit technology, this book explains it all in both words and pictures. For easy reference, the author has provided definitions for standard abbreviations and equations as well as tables of SI (International System of Units) units, measurements, and schematic symbols Modern Dictionary of Electronics is the bible of technology reference for readers around the world. Now fully updated by the original author, this essential, comprehensive reference book should be in the library of every engineer, technician, technical writer, hobbyist, and student. |
| active vs passive electronics: Energy Efficient Computing & Electronics Santosh K. Kurinec, Sumeet Walia, 2019-01-31 In our abundant computing infrastructure, performance improvements across most all application spaces are now severely limited by the energy dissipation involved in processing, storing, and moving data. The exponential increase in the volume of data to be handled by our computational infrastructure is driven in large part by unstructured data from countless sources. This book explores revolutionary device concepts, associated circuits, and architectures that will greatly extend the practical engineering limits of energy-efficient computation from device to circuit to system level. With chapters written by international experts in their corresponding field, the text investigates new approaches to lower energy requirements in computing. Features • Has a comprehensive coverage of various technologies • Written by international experts in their corresponding field • Covers revolutionary concepts at the device, circuit, and system levels |
| active vs passive electronics: Semiconductor Electronics A. K. Sharma, 1996 The Book Describes Various Topics Of Semiconductor Electronics. The Subject In This Book Has Been Developed In A Systematic Way Maintaining The Continuity In The Topics. Only Semiconductor Electronics Has Been Discussed To The Exclusion Of Obsolete Tube Technology. Stress Has Been Laid On Highlighting Electronics Rather Than Dwelling Upon Lengthy Mathematics. Only The Minimal Required Mathematics Is Included. Every Chapter Is Complete In Itself So That The Student Does Not Need To Consult Other Books For Some Topic. The Presentation Of The Material In The Book Is Really Original And Will Impress The Students And Teachers Alike. The Circuit Diagrams Are So Impressive And Illustrative That They Stimulate Interest In Reading The Book. Solved And Unsolved Problems In Each Chapter Are Included To Make The Topics More Clear And Understandable. |
| active vs passive electronics: U.S. Industrial Outlook , 1993 |
| active vs passive electronics: Catalog of Copyright Entries. Third Series Library of Congress. Copyright Office, 1975 |
| active vs passive electronics: Guerrilla Home Recording Karl Coryat, 2008 (Reference). A clever resource for the ever-growing home recording market. The revised edition is updated with a greater focus on digital recording techniques, the most powerful tools available to the home recordist. There are chapters devoted to instrument recording, humanizing drum patterns, mixing with plug-ins and virtual consoles, and a new section on using digital audio skills. And since, many true Guerrillas still record to analog tape, we have retained the best of that world. This edition features many more graphics than in the original edition, further enforcing Guerrilla Home Recording 's reputation as the most readable, user-frienly recording title on the market. |
| active vs passive electronics: Geothermal Energy United States. Dept. of Energy. Division of Geothermal Energy, 1978 |
| active vs passive electronics: Analogue and Digital Electronics for Engineers H. Ahmed, P. J. Spreadbury, 1984-10-18 The text of the first edition has been entensively revised and supplemented to bring it up to date |
| active vs passive electronics: Immittance Spectroscopy Mohammad A. Alim, 2017-12-27 This book emphasizes the use of four complex plane formalisms (impedance, admittance, complex capacitance, and modulus) in a simultaneous fashion. The purpose of employing these complex planes for handling semicircular relaxation using a single set of measured impedance data (ac small-signal electrical data) is highly underscored. The current literature demonstrates the importance of template version of impedance plot whereas this book reflects the advantage of using concurrent four complex plane plots for the same data. This approach allows extraction of a meaningful equivalent circuit model attributing to possible interpretations via potential polarizations and operative mechanisms for the investigated material system. Thus, this book supersedes the limitations of the impedance plot, and intends to serve a broader community of scientific and technical professionals better for their solid and liquid systems. This book addresses the following highlighted contents for the measured data but not limited to the:- (1) Lumped Parameter/Complex Plane Analysis (LP/CPA) in conjunction with the Bode plots; (2) Equivalent circuit model (ECM) derived from the LP/CPA; (3) Underlying Operative Mechanisms along with the possible interpretations; (4) Ideal (Debye) and non-ideal (non-Debye) relaxations; and (5) Data-Handling Criteria (DHC) using Complex Nonlinear Least Squares (CNLS) fitting procedures. |
| active vs passive electronics: Invention of Integrated Circuits Arjun N. Saxena, 2009 This book is the first to give an authoritative and comprehensive account of the invention of Integrated Circuits (ICs) from an insider who had participated and contributed from the beginning of their invention and advancement to the Ultra Large Scale ICs (ULSICs) of today. It reads like a mystery novel to engross the reader, but it is not based on fiction; it gives documented facts of the invention of ICs, analyzes the patents, and highlights additional details and clarifications of their history. In addition, the book clarifies the Nobel Prize award and raises intriguing questions which as yet remain unanswered even after about half a century since the ICs were invented. This is the invention which has revolutionized the whole world forever! |
| active vs passive electronics: Handbook of Defence Electronics and Optronics Anil K. Maini, 2018-03-26 Handbook of Defence Electronics and Optronics Anil K. Maini, Former Director, Laser Science and Technology Centre, India First complete reference on defence electronics and optronics Fundamentals, Technologies and Systems This book provides a complete account of defence electronics and optronics. The content is broadly divided into three categories: topics specific to defence electronics; topics relevant to defence optronics; and topics that have both electronics and optronics counterparts. The book covers each of the topics in their entirety from fundamentals to advanced concepts, military systems in use and related technologies, thereby leading the reader logically from the operational basics of military systems to involved technologies and battlefield deployment and applications. Key features: • Covers fundamentals, operational aspects, involved technologies and application potential of a large cross-section of military systems. Discusses emerging technology trends and development and deployment status of next generation military systems wherever applicable in each category of military systems. • Amply illustrated with approximately 1000 diagrams and photographs and around 30 tables. • Includes salient features, technologies and deployment aspects of hundreds of military systems, including: military radios; ground and surveillance radars; laser range finder and target designators; night visions devices; EW and EO jammers; laser guided munitions; and military communications equipment and satellites. Handbook of Defence Electronics and Optronics is an essential guide for graduate students, R&D scientists, engineers engaged in manufacturing defence equipment and professionals handling the operation and maintenance of these systems in the Armed Forces. |
| active vs passive electronics: Concise Handbook of Electronics and Electrical Engineering VK Khanna, 1997 The Primary Goal of this hand book is to provied in a simple and way,a concise and coherent presentation of the core material ,namely,the key terminology,fundamental concepts,principles,laws,facts,figures,formulase,mathematical methods and applications of electrical and electronics engineering.A necessary corollary objective of this handbook is to prepare the reader for specialist literature.The material presented in this handbook is intended to serve as a plateform from where the reader can launch to an exploration of specialised field of interest. |
| active vs passive electronics: Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics , 1976-01-22 Advances in Electronics and Electron Physics |
| active vs passive electronics: Active and Passive Vibration Damping Amr M. Baz, 2019-04-08 A guide to the application of viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery, and vehicles Active and Passive Vibration Damping is a practical guide to the application of passive as well as actively treated viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery and vehicles. The author — a noted expert on the topic — presents the basic principles and reviews the potential applications of passive and active vibration damping technologies. The text presents a combination of the associated physical fundamentals, governing theories and the optimal design strategies of various configurations of vibration damping treatments. The text presents the basics of various damping effective treatments such as constrained layers, shunted piezoelectric treatments, electromagnetic and shape memory fibers. Classical and new models are included as well as aspects of viscoelastic materials models that are analyzed from the experimental characterization of the material coefficients as well as their modeling. The use of smart materials to augment the vibration damping of passive treatments is pursued in depth throughout the book. This vital guide: Contains numerical examples that reinforce the understanding of the theories presented Offers an authoritative text from an internationally recognized authority and pioneer on the subject Presents, in one volume, comprehensive coverage of the topic that is not available elsewhere Presents a mix of the associated physical fundamentals, governing theories and optimal design strategies of various configurations of vibration damping treatments Written for researchers in vibration damping and research, engineers in structural dynamics and practicing engineers, Active and Passive Vibration Damping offers a hands-on resource for applying passive as well as actively treated viscoelastic damping materials to control vibration and noise of structures, machinery and vehicles. |
ACTIVE VS PASSIVE COOLING OF POWER ELECTRONICS
Passive cooling technology relies on natural convection. Large heat sinks are used to keep the internal tem-perature low, which tends to make the device heavy. The aim of active cooling …
Chapter IV RF Components Active and Passive Mixers - Analog
Need to consider conversion gain or loss relationship versus frequency. Noise figure can be different for upper and lower sidebands. This may result in a slight difference between …
4 Active and passive components - Springer
Active components include electronic valves, transistors, diodes and other devices, most of which are capable of amplifying electronic signals. Passive components include resistors, inductors …
Passive Loads vs Active Loads - Carnegie Mellon University
Calculate the midband gain ( vo/(v1-v2) ) as a function of I (the reference current) for the two-stage CMOS opamp shown below. Assume that all of the biasing is working properly. Show all …
What’s the Difference Between Passive and Active Power …
The main difference between passive and active PFCs is simply the use of passive components versus using mostly active components with controller integrated circuits. Both can achieve …
Passive and Active Filters - Indraprastha Institute of …
Passive Low Pass Filter (LPF) LPF ideally allows lower frequencies and attenuates higher frequencies. One of the simplest form of LPF Transfer Function: H(0) = 1 and H(∞) = 0 ⇒Filter …
Passive and Active EMI filters for Power Electronics - EMcoretech
• Active EMI filter (AEF) senses EMI noises and injects corresponding signals to reduce emitted CE noise. • Heat and size of active EMI filter does not increase much in high-power.
Introduction of Active and Passive Components - etrx.spit.ac.in
ii. Backlite sheet mounted with different active and passive components. Theory: Write theory related with following questions. 1. Define active and passive components. 2. Draw a simple …
Understanding Basic Analog – Active Devices - Texas …
Active devices, coupled with passive devices, create the combination needed to fulfill all circuit requirements. A select few active devices are discussed in this report. Active devices have …
PASSIVE FILTER VS. ACTIVE FILTER - IDC-Online
A passive filter is a kind of electronic filter that is made only from passive elements – in contrast to an active filter, it does not require an external power source (beyond the signal). An active filter …
Active And Passive Electronic Components (2024)
different active and passive electrical components are studied in this field. Active components include transistors, diodes, etc. Passive components are resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc. …
Single Phase Passive Rectification Versus Active Rectification …
There are two types of ac to dc converters that can be employed, a passive full bridge diode rectifier and an active switching full bridge rectifier. Due to the inherent line inductance of the …
What’s the Difference Between Passive and Active Noise …
Active noise cancellation (ANC) is the process of using a microphone to monitor environmental noise and creating anti-noise that’s then mixed in with audio playback to cancel noise entering...
Power factor correction (PFC) application notes - Eaton
Active PFC offers better THD and is significantly smaller and lighter than a passive PFC circuit (Figure 2). To reduce the size and cost of passive filter elements, an active PFC operates at a …
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FILTERS Comparison - IDC-Online
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FILTERS Comparison: The simplest approach to building a filter is with passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors). In the RF range it works quite well …
A Basic Introduction to Filters - Active, Passive and Switched …
In circuit theory, a filter is an electrical network that alters the amplitude and/or phase characteristics of a signal with respect to frequency.
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 8 Introduction to Active Filters
Filters are used in circuits to block undesired frequencies and there are two main types: (1) active and (2) passive. The most common filters are low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band-reject. …
Understanding Basic Analog Passive Devices - Texas Instruments
This application report describes passive devices such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors that are required to build an electronic circuit along with active devices.
Active, Passive, and Switched-Cap (Rev. A) - Texas …
In circuit theory, a filter is an electrical network that alters the amplitude and/or phase characteristics of a signal with re-spect to frequency.
ACTIVE VS PASSIVE COOLING OF POWER ELECTRONICS
Passive cooling technology relies on natural convection. Large heat sinks are used to keep the internal tem-perature low, which tends to make the device heavy. The aim of active cooling …
Chapter IV RF Components Active and Passive Mixers
Need to consider conversion gain or loss relationship versus frequency. Noise figure can be different for upper and lower sidebands. This may result in a slight difference between …
Instrument types and performance characteristics
Instruments are divided into active or passive ones according to whether the instrument output is entirely produced by the quantity being measured or whether the quantity being measured …
4 Active and passive components - Springer
Active components include electronic valves, transistors, diodes and other devices, most of which are capable of amplifying electronic signals. Passive components include resistors, inductors …
Passive Loads vs Active Loads - Carnegie Mellon University
Calculate the midband gain ( vo/(v1-v2) ) as a function of I (the reference current) for the two-stage CMOS opamp shown below. Assume that all of the biasing is working properly. Show all …
What’s the Difference Between Passive and Active Power …
The main difference between passive and active PFCs is simply the use of passive components versus using mostly active components with controller integrated circuits. Both can achieve …
Passive and Active Filters - Indraprastha Institute of …
Passive Low Pass Filter (LPF) LPF ideally allows lower frequencies and attenuates higher frequencies. One of the simplest form of LPF Transfer Function: H(0) = 1 and H(∞) = 0 ⇒Filter …
Passive and Active EMI filters for Power Electronics
• Active EMI filter (AEF) senses EMI noises and injects corresponding signals to reduce emitted CE noise. • Heat and size of active EMI filter does not increase much in high-power.
Introduction of Active and Passive Components
ii. Backlite sheet mounted with different active and passive components. Theory: Write theory related with following questions. 1. Define active and passive components. 2. Draw a simple …
Understanding Basic Analog – Active Devices - Texas …
Active devices, coupled with passive devices, create the combination needed to fulfill all circuit requirements. A select few active devices are discussed in this report. Active devices have …
PASSIVE FILTER VS. ACTIVE FILTER - IDC-Online
A passive filter is a kind of electronic filter that is made only from passive elements – in contrast to an active filter, it does not require an external power source (beyond the signal). An active filter …
Active And Passive Electronic Components (2024)
different active and passive electrical components are studied in this field. Active components include transistors, diodes, etc. Passive components are resistors, inductors, capacitors, etc. …
Single Phase Passive Rectification Versus Active Rectification …
There are two types of ac to dc converters that can be employed, a passive full bridge diode rectifier and an active switching full bridge rectifier. Due to the inherent line inductance of the …
What’s the Difference Between Passive and Active Noise …
Active noise cancellation (ANC) is the process of using a microphone to monitor environmental noise and creating anti-noise that’s then mixed in with audio playback to cancel noise entering...
Power factor correction (PFC) application notes - Eaton
Active PFC offers better THD and is significantly smaller and lighter than a passive PFC circuit (Figure 2). To reduce the size and cost of passive filter elements, an active PFC operates at a …
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FILTERS Comparison - IDC-Online
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FILTERS Comparison: The simplest approach to building a filter is with passive components (resistors, capacitors, and inductors). In the RF range it works quite well …
A Basic Introduction to Filters - Active, Passive and Switched …
In circuit theory, a filter is an electrical network that alters the amplitude and/or phase characteristics of a signal with respect to frequency.
EXPERIMENT NUMBER 8 Introduction to Active Filters
Filters are used in circuits to block undesired frequencies and there are two main types: (1) active and (2) passive. The most common filters are low-pass, high-pass, band-pass and band …
Understanding Basic Analog Passive Devices - Texas …
This application report describes passive devices such as resistors, capacitors, and inductors that are required to build an electronic circuit along with active devices.
