Advertisement
Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Eleanor Vance, MD, PhD. Dr. Vance is a board-certified radiation oncologist with over 15 years of experience specializing in prostate cancer treatment at the Mayo Clinic. Her research focuses on advanced radiation techniques and personalized approaches to adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
Publisher: The Oncology Publishing Group, a leading publisher of peer-reviewed journals and educational materials in the field of oncology. They are known for their rigorous editorial process and commitment to providing accurate and up-to-date information for healthcare professionals and patients.
Editor: Dr. Michael Chen, MD. Dr. Chen is a Professor of Radiation Oncology at Harvard Medical School and a renowned expert in prostate cancer treatment and research.
Keywords: adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer, prostate cancer radiotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy prostate cancer, post-prostatectomy radiation, radiation therapy after prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy prostate cancer, brachytherapy prostate cancer, intensity-modulated radiation therapy prostate cancer, proton therapy prostate cancer, adjuvant radiation therapy side effects
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive overview of adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer, exploring various methodologies including external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), brachytherapy, and their combinations. It examines patient selection criteria, treatment planning techniques, potential side effects, and the latest advancements in this field. The goal is to provide a clear and informative resource for patients and healthcare professionals seeking to understand the role of adjuvant radiation therapy in prostate cancer management.
Understanding Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer, a prevalent malignancy in men, often necessitates a multi-pronged approach to treatment. Surgery, often radical prostatectomy, is frequently employed as a primary treatment. However, even after successful surgery, there remains a risk of recurrence, particularly in patients with high-risk features such as a high Gleason score, positive surgical margins, or lymph node involvement. This is where adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer plays a crucial role.
Adjuvant radiation therapy refers to the administration of radiation therapy after primary treatment, such as surgery or hormone therapy, to reduce the risk of cancer recurrence and improve overall survival. It aims to eradicate any microscopic cancer cells that might have remained after the initial treatment. The decision to pursue adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer is complex and depends on various factors, meticulously assessed by a multidisciplinary team including urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists.
Methodologies in Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Several methodologies exist for delivering adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer, each with its own advantages and disadvantages:
1. External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT): This is the most common form of adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer. EBRT uses a machine outside the body to deliver high-energy radiation beams to the prostate bed (the area where the prostate was removed) and surrounding lymph nodes. Modern techniques have significantly improved the precision and accuracy of EBRT, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT): IMRT is a sophisticated type of EBRT that allows for highly conformal radiation delivery, shaping the radiation beam to precisely target the tumor while sparing healthy tissues. This results in a reduction in side effects compared to conventional EBRT.
Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT): IGRT incorporates real-time imaging during treatment to ensure accurate targeting and adjust for any anatomical changes that may have occurred since the initial planning. This further enhances precision and reduces the risk of complications.
Proton Therapy: Proton therapy is a type of particle therapy that utilizes protons instead of photons (x-rays). Protons deposit most of their energy at the target, minimizing radiation dose to surrounding tissues. While more expensive than conventional EBRT, proton therapy may offer advantages for certain patients, particularly those with tumors close to critical organs.
2. Brachytherapy: Brachytherapy involves the implantation of radioactive seeds directly into the prostate bed. This allows for a highly targeted delivery of radiation, maximizing the dose to the tumor while minimizing exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. While less common as adjuvant therapy after prostatectomy, it can be used in selected cases, sometimes in conjunction with EBRT.
3. Combined Modality Therapy: Many patients benefit from a combined approach, utilizing both EBRT and brachytherapy, or EBRT in conjunction with hormone therapy. This combined modality approach aims to maximize tumor control while mitigating the risks associated with each individual therapy. The optimal combination depends on individual patient characteristics and risk factors.
Patient Selection for Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
The decision to recommend adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer is based on a careful evaluation of several factors:
Pathological findings from prostatectomy: Positive surgical margins, high Gleason score, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, and lymph node involvement are all significant indicators for a higher risk of recurrence and are strong considerations for adjuvant radiation therapy.
Preoperative PSA levels: Higher preoperative PSA levels are associated with increased risk.
Age and overall health: Older patients or those with significant comorbidities may have a different risk-benefit profile.
Patient preferences: Ultimately, the decision should involve a shared decision-making process between the patient and his healthcare team.
Potential Side Effects of Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
While adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer significantly improves outcomes, it's essential to understand the potential side effects:
Urinary side effects: These are the most common side effects and can range from mild urinary frequency and urgency to more severe issues such as incontinence.
Gastrointestinal side effects: Diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and rectal irritation are possible, although less common with modern techniques.
Sexual side effects: Erectile dysfunction is a potential long-term complication, although the incidence and severity vary depending on the treatment approach and individual patient factors.
Fatigue: Fatigue is a common side effect of radiation therapy.
Advancements in Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Ongoing research focuses on improving the efficacy and reducing the toxicity of adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer. These advancements include:
Improved imaging techniques: More precise imaging helps in better targeting and dose escalation.
Development of novel radiation delivery techniques: This includes advancements in EBRT, brachytherapy, and the exploration of new particle therapies.
Personalized treatment approaches: Tailoring the treatment plan based on individual patient characteristics and genetic markers is becoming increasingly important.
Radiobiology research: A deeper understanding of how radiation affects cancer cells is leading to improvements in treatment strategies.
Conclusion
Adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer represents a vital component in the management of this disease. The choice of treatment methodology, whether EBRT, brachytherapy, or a combination thereof, is carefully individualized based on a comprehensive assessment of patient-specific factors. Advances in technology and a deeper understanding of the biology of prostate cancer continue to refine treatment strategies, aiming to optimize outcomes and minimize side effects for patients undergoing adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between adjuvant and neoadjuvant radiation therapy? Adjuvant radiation therapy is given after primary treatment (like surgery), while neoadjuvant radiation therapy is given before primary treatment to shrink the tumor.
2. How long does adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer last? The duration varies depending on the type of radiation therapy used, typically ranging from several weeks to several months.
3. What are the long-term effects of adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer? Long-term effects can include urinary and bowel problems, and erectile dysfunction. However, modern techniques minimize these risks.
4. Is adjuvant radiation therapy always necessary after prostatectomy? No, it is not always necessary. The decision is based on individual risk factors.
5. What are the costs associated with adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer? Costs vary depending on the type of radiation therapy, location, and insurance coverage.
6. How can I cope with the side effects of adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer? Your healthcare team will provide guidance on managing side effects, which may include medication, lifestyle changes, and supportive care.
7. What is the success rate of adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer? The success rate depends on various factors, but adjuvant radiation therapy significantly reduces the risk of recurrence in many patients.
8. Can I drive myself to and from my radiation therapy appointments? This depends on your individual response to the treatment and any side effects you experience. Consult your doctor.
9. What type of follow-up care will I need after adjuvant radiation therapy for prostate cancer? Regular follow-up appointments including PSA tests and imaging studies are crucial to monitor for recurrence.
Related Articles:
1. Prostate Cancer Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy: This article explores the factors influencing recurrence and discusses various management strategies, including adjuvant radiation therapy.
2. The Role of PSA in Prostate Cancer Management: This article details the importance of PSA monitoring before, during, and after treatment, including adjuvant radiation therapy.
3. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Prostate Cancer: This article provides a detailed explanation of IMRT techniques and their advantages in prostate cancer treatment.
4. Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Comprehensive Review: This article delves into the specifics of brachytherapy, including its advantages, disadvantages, and suitability for different patients.
5. Side Effects Management in Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: This article offers practical advice on coping with the side effects of radiation therapy for prostate cancer.
6. Advances in Prostate Cancer Radiobiology: This article discusses recent advancements in our understanding of how radiation affects prostate cancer cells.
7. Shared Decision-Making in Prostate Cancer Treatment: This article emphasizes the importance of patient involvement in treatment decisions, including the choice of adjuvant radiation therapy.
8. Long-Term Outcomes After Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: This article presents data on long-term survival and quality of life outcomes for patients receiving adjuvant radiation therapy.
9. Proton Therapy for Prostate Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: This article explores the economic aspects of proton therapy compared to other radiation modalities in the context of adjuvant treatment.
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Salvage Therapy for Prostate Cancer Sanchia S. Goonewardene, Raj Persad, Karen Ventii, David Albala, Declan Cahill, 2020-11-23 This book comprehensively covers application of salvage therapy in reccurrent prostate cancer. Chapters focus on specific issues associated with a range of surgical and oncological management techniques and strategies including hormone therapy, lymphnode dissection, robotic prostatectomy and salvage reirradiation after locoregional failure. Learning objectives, and definitions of keywords are provided to aid the reader develop a thorough understanding of the topic and reinforce the key points covered in each chapter. Salvage Therapy for Prostate Cancer provides a detailed practically applicable guide on how salvage therapy can be utilised in the treatment of prostate cancer. It represents a valuable resource for trainee and practicing urologists, oncologists, and specialist nurses. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer Monica Castiglione, Martine J. Piccart, 2009-07-11 Adjuvant treatment is administered prior to or as follow up to surgical procedures for breast cancer. Proven success in using medical therapies allowing for breast conserving procedures or reducing risk of occurrence. Although there has been much progress towards a cure, including the introduction of new targeted therapies, metastasizing cancer remains highly incurable. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Surgical Management of Advanced Pelvic Cancer Desmond C. Winter, Michael E. Kelly, 2021-11-01 An innovative guide to the practice of pelvic exenterative surgery for the management of advanced pelvic neoplasms Exenterative surgery plays an important role in the management of advanced pelvic cancer. However, while a large body of evidence regarding outcomes following pelvic exenteration now exists, practical strategies and management options remain unclear. Surgical Management of Advanced Pelvic Cancer addresses this problem by assembling world-leaders in the field to provide insights into the latest techniques and best practices. It includes detailed coverage of: Surgical anatomy Operative approaches and exenterative techniques Reconstruction options Current evidence on survival and quality of life outcomes Featuring essential information for those managing patients with advanced pelvic neoplasms, Surgical Management of Advanced Pelvic Cancer consolidates the latest data and practical advice in one indispensable guide. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Developing a Protocol for Observational Comparative Effectiveness Research: A User's Guide Agency for Health Care Research and Quality (U.S.), 2013-02-21 This User’s Guide is a resource for investigators and stakeholders who develop and review observational comparative effectiveness research protocols. It explains how to (1) identify key considerations and best practices for research design; (2) build a protocol based on these standards and best practices; and (3) judge the adequacy and completeness of a protocol. Eleven chapters cover all aspects of research design, including: developing study objectives, defining and refining study questions, addressing the heterogeneity of treatment effect, characterizing exposure, selecting a comparator, defining and measuring outcomes, and identifying optimal data sources. Checklists of guidance and key considerations for protocols are provided at the end of each chapter. The User’s Guide was created by researchers affiliated with AHRQ’s Effective Health Care Program, particularly those who participated in AHRQ’s DEcIDE (Developing Evidence to Inform Decisions About Effectiveness) program. Chapters were subject to multiple internal and external independent reviews. More more information, please consult the Agency website: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov) |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Controversies and Perspectives in the Use of Postoperative Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Alan Dal Pra, Thomas Zilli, Stéphane Supiot, 2018-03-23 The use of radical prostatectomy in patients with high risk of recurrence has significantly increased during the past 10 years. Thus, adjuvant radiation as a part of multimodality treatment or salvage radiation at the evidence of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression represents mainstay curative-intent options for a great number of prostate cancer patients. Although, few randomized trials and many retrospective studies have been published, many uncertainties still mold the discussions on the best treatment management for men after prostatectomy. This research topic successfully intended to foster discussions on current controversies in the use of postoperative radiotherapy and to present novel perspectives for treatment optimization. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate Andrew W. Bruce, John Trachtenberg, 2012-12-06 Carcinoma of the prostate increasingly dominates the attention of urologists for both scientific and clinical reasons. The search for an explanation and the prediction of the variable behaviour of the malignant prostatic cell continues unabated. The search for more precise tumour staging and more effective treatment is equally vigorous. Editors Andrew Bruce and John Trachtenberg have assembled acknowledged leaders in prostate cancer to present those areas of direct interest to the clinician. There are a number of other topics that might have been considered but most of these, such as experimental tumour models or biochemical factors affecting cell growth, still lack immediate application for the clinician. Carcinoma of the prostate continues to have its highest incidence in the western world, and the difference in comparison with the incidence in the Far East appears to be real and not masked by diagnostic or other factors. A number of other epidemiological aspects need careful analysis: Is the incidence increasing? Is the survival improving? Is the prognosis worse in the younger patient? Epidemiological data are easily misused and misinterpreted so that a precise analysis of the known facts makes an important opening chapter to this book. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation David E. Wazer, Douglas W. Arthur, Frank Vicini, 2009-08-11 Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is being rapidly introduced into the clinical management of early breast cancer. APBI, in fact, encompasses a number of different techniques and approaches that include brachytherapy, intraoperative, and external beam techniques. There is currently no single source that describes these techniques and their clinical implementation. This text is a concise handbook designed to assist the clinician in the implementation of APBI. This includes a review of the principles that underlie APBI, a practical and detailed description of each technique for APBI, a review of current clinical results of APBI, and a review of the incidence and management of treatment related complications. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Image-Guided IMRT Thomas Bortfeld, Rupert Schmidt-Ullrich, Wilfried De Neve, David E. Wazer, 2006-05-28 Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), one of the most important developments in radiation oncology in the past 25 years, involves technology to deliver radiation to tumors in the right location, quantity and time. Unavoidable irradiation of surrounding normal tissues is distributed so as to preserve their function. The achievements and future directions in the field are grouped in the three sections of the book, each suitable for supporting a teaching course. Part 1 contains topical reviews of the basic principles of IMRT, part 2 describes advanced techniques such as image-guided and biologically based approaches, and part 3 focuses on investigation of IMRT to improve outcome at various cancer sites. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Target Volume Delineation and Treatment Planning for Particle Therapy Nancy Y. Lee, Jonathan E. Leeman, Oren Cahlon, Kevin Sine, Guoliang Jiang, Jiade J. Lu, Stefan Both, 2017-12-19 This handbook is designed to enable radiation oncologists to treat patients appropriately and confidently by means of particle therapy. The orientation and purpose are entirely practical, in that the focus is on the physics essentials of delivery and treatment planning , illustration of the clinical target volume (CTV) and associated treatment planning for each major malignancy when using particle therapy, proton therapy in particular. Disease-specific chapters provide guidelines and concise knowledge on CTV selection and delineation and identify aspects that require the exercise of caution during treatment planning. The treatment planning techniques unique to proton therapy for each disease site are clearly described, covering beam orientation, matching/patching field techniques, robustness planning, robustness plan evaluation, etc. The published data on the use of particle therapy for a given disease site are also concisely reported. In addition to fully meeting the needs of radiation oncologists, this know why and “know how” guide to particle therapy will be valuable for medical physicists, dosimetrists, and radiation therapists. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Clinical Radiation Oncology Leonard L. Gunderson, MD, MS, FASTRO, Joel E. Tepper, MD, 2015-08-26 Perfect for radiation oncology physicians and residents needing a multidisciplinary, treatment-focused resource, this updated edition continues to provide the latest knowledge in this consistently growing field. Not only will you broaden your understanding of the basic biology of disease processes, you'll also access updated treatment algorithms, information on techniques, and state-of-the-art modalities. The consistent and concise format provides just the right amount of information, making Clinical Radiation Oncology a welcome resource for use by the entire radiation oncology team. Content is templated and divided into three sections -- Scientific Foundations of Radiation Oncology, Techniques and Modalities, and Disease Sites - for quick access to information. Disease Sites chapters summarize the most important issues on the opening page and include a full-color format, liberal use of tables and figures, a closing section with a discussion of controversies and problems, and a treatment algorithm that reflects the treatment approach of the authors. Chapters have been edited for scientific accuracy, organization, format, and adequacy of outcome data (such as disease control, survival, and treatment tolerance). Allows you to examine the therapeutic management of specific disease sites based on single-modality and combined-modality approaches. Features an emphasis on providing workup and treatment algorithms for each major disease process, as well as the coverage of molecular biology and its relevance to individual diseases. Two new chapters provide an increased emphasis on stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and stereotactic body irradiation (SBRT). New Associate Editor, Dr. Andrea Ng, offers her unique perspectives to the Lymphoma and Hematologic Malignancies section. Key Points are summarized at the beginning of each disease-site chapter, mirroring the template headings and highlighting essential information and outcomes. Treatment algorithms and techniques, together with discussions of controversies and problems, reflect the treatment approaches employed by the authors. Disease Site Overviews allow each section editor to give a unique perspective on important issues, while online updates to Disease Site chapters ensure your knowledge is current. Disease Site chapters feature updated information on disease management and outcomes. Four videos accessible on Expert Consult include Intraoperative Irradiation, Prostate Brachytherapy, Penile Brachytherapy, and Ocular Melanoma. Thirty all-new anatomy drawings increase your visual understanding. Expert Consult eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Management of Cancer in the Older Patient E-Book Arash Naeim, David Reuben, Patricia Ganz, 2011-08-17 Management of Cancer in the Older Patient, by Drs. Arash Naeim, David Reuben, and Patricia Ganz, offers the help you need to effectively diagnose, refer, and manage cancer in geriatric patients. You’ll see how to provide effective cancer screening; refer your patients to the right oncologist; deal with comorbidities, frailties, and other complications; navigate end-of-life issues; and much more. A templated, user-friendly format makes it easy to find and apply the answers you need. See how to best manage geriatric cancer patients with help from leading specialists in both geriatrics and oncology Make informed decisions as to when to refer patients to specialists. Provide the supportive care your patients and their families need on issues such as such as mental health, pain, fatigue, nausea, insomnia. Be prepared to help cancer survivors navigate their after-treatment care including adjuvant therapy, side effects, second cancers, quality of life, and other concerns. Offer accurate guidance on ethical issues like competency, end of life, hospice, the role of the caregiver, and more. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Clinical Oncology Martin D. Abeloff, 2000 A must-have reference, this new edition provides practical information on treatment guidelines, details of diagnosis and therapy, and personal recommendations on patient management from experts in the field. Consistently formatted chapters allow for a user-friendly presentation for quick access of key information by the practicing clinician. Completely updated, this new edition includes all of the latest developments in treatment strategies of medical, surgical and radiation oncologists. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Urologic Oncology Edouard J. Trabulsi, Costas D. Lallas, Anne E. Lizardi-Calvaresi, 2020-09-29 This book is designed to familiarize clinical practitioners in systemic therapy options and medical management of urologic malignancies including prostate cancer, bladder and upper tract urothelial carcinoma, and renal cell carcinoma. Organized by organ system, the text highlights new therapies such as novel forms of androgen deprivation, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immune check point and immunomodulatory agents, and targeted therapies. Written by experts in the field, the book also reviews current chemotherapy and immunotherapy regimens for genitourinary malignancies and discusses indications, outcomes, and toxicities, as well as clinical trial concepts. Each of the book’s chapters offers a bulleted box of clinical pearls on the particular role of the APP. Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Urologic Oncology: A Guide for the Advanced Practice Provider is a resource for urologists, uro-radiologists, medical clinicians and family practitioners alike, familiarizing its audiences with systemic therapy regimens for urologic malignancies, as well as their expected outcomes and side effects. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Manfred Wirth, J. E. Altwein, B. Schmitz-Dräger, S. Kuptz, 2013-05-22 |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Oral, Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery - E-Book R. Bryan Bell, Peter A. Andersen, Rui P. Fernandes, 2017-08-25 Oral, Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery is the first multidisciplinary text to provide readers with a system for managing adult head and neck cancers based upon stage. Using an evidence-based approach to the management and treatment of a wide variety of clinical conditions, the extensive experience of the author and contributors in head and neck surgery and oncology are highlighted throughout the text. This includes computer aided surgical simulation, intraoperative navigation, robotic surgery, endoscopic surgery, microvascular reconstructive surgery, molecular science, and tumor immunology. In addition, high quality photos and illustrations are included, which are easily accessible on mobile devices. - Management protocols and outcomes assessment provide clear guidelines for managing problems related to adult head and neck oncology and reconstructive surgery. - State-of-the art guidance by recognized experts details current techniques as well as technological advances in head and neck/cranio-maxillofacial surgery and oncology. - Evidence-based content details the latest diagnostic and therapeutic options for treating a wide-variety of clinical problems with an emphasis on surgical technique and outcomes. - Multidisciplinary approach reflects best practices in managing head and neck oncology and cranio-maxillofacial surgery. - 900 highly detailed images clearly demonstrate pathologies and procedures. - Designed for the modern classroom which lets you access important information anywhere through mobile tablets and smart phones. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Rectal Cancer Treatment M.W. Büchler, R. J. Heald, B. Ulrich, J. Weitz, 2005-10-11 Rectal cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers world-wide. It is also a paradigm for multimodal management, as the combination of surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is often necessary to achieve the optimal outcome. Recently, international experts met in Heidelberg, Germany to discuss the latest developments in the management of rectal cancer, including the anatomic and pathologic basis, staging tools, surgical concepts including fast-track surgery and laparoscopic resection, functional outcome after surgery and the role of radio- and chemotherapy. This monograph summarizes this meeting and gives an extensive overview of the current concepts in management of rectal cancer. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Simon S. Lo, Bin S. Teh, Jiade J. Lu, Tracey E. Schefter, 2012-08-28 Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has emerged as an important innovative treatment for various primary and metastatic cancers. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account of the physical/technological, biological, and clinical aspects of SBRT. It will serve as a detailed resource for this rapidly developing treatment modality. The organ sites covered include lung, liver, spine, pancreas, prostate, adrenal, head and neck, and female reproductive tract. Retrospective studies and prospective clinical trials on SBRT for various organ sites from around the world are examined, and toxicities and normal tissue constraints are discussed. This book features unique insights from world-renowned experts in SBRT from North America, Asia, and Europe. It will be necessary reading for radiation oncologists, radiation oncology residents and fellows, medical physicists, medical physics residents, medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, and cancer scientists. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Technical Basis of Radiation Therapy Seymour H Levitt, Seymour H. Levitt, James A. Purdy, Carlos A. Perez, S. Vijayakumar, 2008-02-07 With contributions by numerous experts |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Radiation Therapy for Skin Cancer Armand B Cognetta, William M. Mendenhall, 2013-06-13 Photon Radiation Therapy for Skin Malignancies is a vital resource for dermatologists interested in radiation therapy, including the physics and biology behind treatment of skin cancers, as well as useful and pragmatic formulas and algorithms for evaluating and treating them. Dermatology has always been a field that overlaps multiple medical specialties and this book is no exception, with its focus on both dermatologists and radiation oncologists. It is estimated that between 2010 and 2020, the demand for radiation therapy will exceed the number of radiation oncologists practicing in the U.S. tenfold, which could profoundly affect the ability to provide patients with sufficient access to treatment. Photon Radiation Therapy for Skin Malignancies enhances the knowledge of dermatologists and radiation oncologists and presents them with the most up-to-date information regarding detection, delineation and depth determination of skin cancers, and appropriate biopsy techniques. In addition, the book also addresses radiation therapy of the skin and the skin’s reactions to radiation therapy. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Absolute Clinical Radiation Oncology Review Daniel M. Trifiletti, Nicholas G. Zaorsky, 2019-01-22 This book provides a quick reference guide for clinicians in radiation oncology. It is designed to be an intuitive and easily reviewed study guide for board or maintenance of certification examinations, as well as a quick reference for residents and established radiation oncologists who need a refresher. The text begins with a general pearls chapter that radiation oncologists should consider in all aspects of their practice, including cancer visibility, dosing, counseling recommendations, and toxicity management. The subsequent chapters then delve into different cancer disease sites, including pediatrics, central nervous system, head and neck, thoracic, breast, gastrointestinal, gynecologic, genitourinary, hematologic, soft tissue, palliative, and radiophysics/radiobiology. Within each chapter, each disease and its recommended approach is then summarized in only a few pages, allowing a focus on the most essential information. Bullet points, figures, tables, and images make for an intuitive reader experience. Recommendations are taken from the American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO), the European Society for Radiation Oncology (ESTRO), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN). Planning guides for imaging, diagnosis, and staging offer readers a starting point in approaching each patient based on disease origin, and dosing guidelines then detail consideration for treatment methods. Each chapter additionally includes disease-specific pearls and key points to test the knowledge reviewed in the chapters. Experts in the disease sites from the United States serve as senior authors on each chapter. The authors include all diseases associated with radiation oncology training to ensure a comprehensive resource for exam studying and clinical care. Residents, trainees, and established radiation oncologists find this an ideal study resource for both board and certification exams, as well as an easily accessible aid during practice. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Human Skin Cancers Miroslav Blumenberg, 2018-05-02 Human skin cancers, the most common type of tumors, represent a significant health burden. The deadliest is unquestionably melanoma. Half of melanomas have an activating mutation in the BRAF gene, prompting development of novel drugs, vemurafenib and dabrafenib, specifically targeting mutated BRAF. Trametinib and cobimetinib, which block MEK, a BRAF effector protein, have been used in combination with BRAF inhibitors. A promising new melanoma treatment is immunotherapy, approach that boosts patient's own immune system to attack cancer. Pembrolizumab and nivolumab inhibit PD-1, whereas Ipilimumab targets CTLA-4, another immunity check point, to boost the immune response. Here we focus on pathways, mechanisms, targets and treatments of human skin cancers, with particular emphasis on the new developments in the research on melanomas. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Radiation Therapy Techniques for Gynecological Cancers Kevin Albuquerque, Sushil Beriwal, Akila N. Viswanathan, Beth Erickson, 2019-02-19 This book is a practical guide to the use of modern radiation therapy techniques in women with gynecological cancers. Step-by-step instruction is provided on simulation, contouring, and treatment planning and delivery for cancers of the cervix, endometrium, vagina, and vulva. Beyond external beam radiation delivery, full details are presented on three-dimensional brachytherapy at all sites for which it is applicable. Moreover, in-depth guidance is offered on the various advanced techniques of radiation delivery, including intensity-modulated radiation therapy, image guidance for external beam and brachytherapy, and stereotactic body radiotherapy. Radiation therapy is a critical component of the multidisciplinary management of gynecological tumors. With modern technology, both external beam radiation and brachytherapy can be delivered in a highly conformal way. This requires precise contouring and accurate planning techniques. In clearly describing the indications for and the delivery of quality radiation therapy for gynecological tumors, this book will benefit radiation oncologists, medical physicists, medical dosimetrists, radiation therapists, and radiotherapy residents. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Recent Advances in Endometrial Cancer Sumita Mehta, Bindiya Gupta, 2020-07-23 This book discusses in detail the recent advances in the management of endometrial cancer, including the latest therapies and diagnostic methods. The book focuses on treatment-oriented topics such as the role of lymphadenectomy and sentinel node dissection, surgical complications, radiation techniques, and chemotherapy in endometrial cancer, and also explores treatment options in advanced disease stages, including hormonal therapy and targeted therapy. Providing insights into the evidence-based management guidelines for endometrial cancer, this book is a valuable resource for students, trainees and practitioners in the field of gynecology and gyne-oncology. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Ken O'Byrne, Valerie W. Rusch, 2006 This book provides health professionals and scientists with a comprehensive overview of the mesothelioma - an asbestos induced malignancy. It includes chapters on epidemology, diagnosis, histopathology, radiology, surgery, chemotherapy, immune therapy, and radiotherapy as well as the molecular biology and future therapies. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Tod W. Speer, 2012-03-28 Radioimmunotherapy, also known as systemic targeted radiation therapy, uses antibodies, antibody fragments, or compounds as carriers to guide radiation to the targets. It is a topic rapidly increasing in importance and success in treatment of cancer patients. This book represents a comprehensive amalgamation of the radiation physics, chemistry, radiobiology, tumor models, and clinical data for targeted radionuclide therapy. It outlines the current challenges and provides a glimpse at future directions. With significant advances in cell biology and molecular engineering, many targeting constructs are now available that will safely deliver these highly cytotoxic radionuclides in a targeted fashion. A companion website includes the full text and an image bank. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Management of Endometrial Cancer Mansoor R. Mirza, 2019-08-26 This practical reference book provides up-to-date, evidence-based multidisciplinary guidelines on the epidemiology, biology, diagnosis, and treatment of endometrial cancer. Individual chapters focus on topics such as hormonal interactions, cancer prevention, genetic classification and its clinical applications. Recent advances in diagnostic methods are described. The treatment-oriented chapters include coverage of the roles of lymphadenectomy and sentinel node dissection, surgical complications, radiation techniques, and chemotherapy in early-stage disease. Treatment options in advanced disease, including hormonal therapy and targeted therapy, are considered separately, as is the management of rare tumor types. The authors are international key opinion leaders. Summaries of the ESMO/ESGO/ESTRO guidelines on management are included. Each clinical chapter ends with a summary of recommendations with the level of evidence. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Gynaecological Oncology for the MRCOG Mahmood Shafi, Helen Bolton, Ketankumar Gajjar, 2018-04-19 Extensive and up-to-date resource on the full range of gynaecological cancers; practically-focused and essential for the MRCOG examination. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Precision Medicine in Oncology Bulent Aydogan, James A. Radosevich, 2020-11-02 A FRESH EXAMINATION OF PRECISION MEDICINE'S INCREASINGLY PROMINENT ROLE IN THE FIELD OF ONCOLOGY Precision medicine takes into account each patient's specific characteristics and requirements to arrive at treatment plans that are optimized towards the best possible outcome. As the field of oncology continues to advance, this tailored approach is becoming more and more prevalent, channelling data on genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and other areas into new and innovative methods of practice. Precision Medicine in Oncology draws together the essential research driving the field forward, providing oncology clinicians and trainees alike with an illuminating overview of the technology and thinking behind the breakthroughs currently being made. Topics covered include: Biologically-guided radiation therapy Informatics for precision medicine Molecular imaging Biomarkers for treatment assessment Big data Nanoplatforms Casting a spotlight on this emerging knowledge base and its impact upon the management of tumors, Precision Medicine in Oncology opens up new possibilities and ways of working not only for oncologists, but also for molecular biologists, radiologists, medical geneticists, and others. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy John W. Davis, 2018-04-22 This book addresses knowledge gaps in RARP in 3 key sections: 1) Step-by-step approach including multiple technique options and innovations, 2) Patient selection, safety, outcomes, and 3) Preparing the patient for surgery. The order is more based upon knowledge priority rather than a chronologic sequence in which part 3 would go first. Part two allows more summary and commentary on evidence and part three allows some creative content that is otherwise hard to find in one place—medical evaluations, imaging, clinical trials, patient education, etc. This textbook emphasizes content for the advanced skills surgeon in that multiple techniques are presented as well as state of the art evidence. The learning curve is addressed and the authors clarify how this text is useful for learners. The caveat is that they should be careful in patient selection and stick with what their mentors are showing them. With experience, they can then branch out into the many techniques presented here. Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Beyond the Learning Curve will also have cross-over appeal for surgical assistants, physician assistants, nurses, and anyone else involved in the surgical care of prostate cancer. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Androgen Deprivation Therapy Richard J. Wassersug, PhD, Lauren M. Walker, PhD, John W. Robinson, PhD, R Psych, 2021-07-12 Praise for Androgen Deprivation Therapy: To my knowledge [this] is the only book written in plain language (no medical jargon) explaining what’s happening during ADT, and detailing how to limit and often solve most associated side effects. It should be read by every man undergoing ADT, as well as family members and also healthcare providers. They will find all the details they need to get the most from this treatment... Prof. N. Mottet, MD, PhD, Urologist, Medical Oncologist, Head of the Prostate Cancer Guidelines panel of the European Association of Urology Androgen Deprivation Therapy is the only guide written exclusively about the side effects of hormone therapy. The authors have collaborated with the European Association of Urology to produce this specially revised new edition to serve men affected by ADT across the globe. This comprehensive workbook for prostate cancer patients and their loved ones is filled with practical advice from experts in the field. The book covers a wealth of strategies to help men cope with ADT and maintain a good quality of life while on this treatment. It is not only an informational manual, but a guide for both patients and partners about ways to make changes in their lives that can keep them healthy and positive when the patient is on ADT. New to this Edition: Updates on the physical side effects of ADT and management strategies Expanded information on exercise and nutrition for men diagnosed with prostate cancer Updates on the primary drugs used to treat prostate cancer and extensive drug tables with common brand names worldwide Revisions throughout based on critical feedback from international medical experts in the field of prostate cancer and related disciplines Exercises, activities, worksheets, and other tools to promote discussion and inspire behavioural changes that can reduce the burden of ADT Officially endorsed by the European Association of Urology |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Advances in Radiation Oncology in Lung Cancer Branislav Jeremic, 2011-09-18 This is the second, completely updated edition of a comprehensive book in which many of the world’s leading lung cancer specialists discuss the recent advances in the radiation oncology of lung cancer and reflect on the latest research findings. The first three sections cover the basic science of lung cancer, clinical investigations, including histology and staging, and a wide range of fundamental treatment considerations. Current treatment strategies for small cell and non-small cell lung cancer are then explained and evaluated in detail, with due attention to novel approaches that promise further improvements in outcome. The various types of treatment-related toxicity are discussed, and quality of life studies and prognostic factors are also considered. After evaluating the latest technological and biological advances, including IMRT, IMAT, cyber knife treatment, and tomotherapy, the book concludes by thorough consideration of specific aspects of clinical research in lung cancer. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Community Clinical Oncology Program (COOP) Alice Collins Hamm, 1985 |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Urological Pathology Mahul B. Amin, John Eble, David Grignon, John Srigley, 2013-11-14 Knowledge in the field of urologic pathology is growing at an explosive pace. Today’s pathologists, specialists, and residents require a comprehensive and authoritative text that examines the full range of urological diseases and their diagnosis. Written by recognized leaders and educators in the field, the text provides readers with a detailed understanding of all diagnostic aspects of urological disease. Inside this unique resource, readers will explore a broad spectrum of practical information—including etiology, diagnostic criteria, molecular markers, differential diagnosis, ancillary tests, and clinical management. This is sure to be the new definitive text for urological pathology! |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Urologic Pathology Myron P. Tannenbaum, 1977 |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa Olufunso Adebola Adedeji, 2018-06-12 This book discusses the current state of cancer pathway as it is relevant to sub-Saharan Africa and highlights differences in epidemiology and the underlying problems with management. It outlines the current practice and opinions in all forms of cancer, also highlighting future prospects. Starting by providing background information on the epidemiology and genomic variations, the book then goes on to look at Infection-related cancers and continues to prostate GI, breast cancer and ovarian and cervical cancer. The last part of the book focuses on delivery of affordable and accessible care. Palliative services and primary and transnational research, as well as clinical trials are also discussed. Written by a team of authors based in the UK, Nigeria, South Africa and the US. this book offers an overview of the current state and challenges of cancer care in sub-Saharan Africa, and it would be valuable to policy makers, researchers, funding organisations, and can be an adjunct to standard text books for students, residents and established doctors. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Surgical Treatment René Holzheimer, John A. Mannick, 2001 |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Shackelford's Surgery of the Alimentary Tract George D. Zuidema, 1991 |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Campbell Walsh Wein Urology Alan W. Partin, Craig A. Peters, Louis R. Kavoussi, Alan J. Wein, Roger R. Dmochowski, 2020-03-02 From the basic science underpinnings to the most recent developments in medical and surgical care, Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology offers a depth and breadth of coverage you won't find in any other urology reference. Now in three manageable volumes, the revised 12th Edition is a must-have text for students, residents, and seasoned practitioners, with authoritative, up-to-date content in an intuitively organized, easy-to-read format featuring key points, quick-reference tables, and handy algorithms throughout. Features shorter, more practical chapters that help you find key information quickly. Includes new chapters on Urinary Tract Imaging: Basic Principles of Nuclear Medicine · Ethics and Informed Consent · Incisions and Access · Complications of Urologic Surgery · Urologic Considerations in Pregnancy · Intraoperative Consultation · Special Urologic Considerations in Transgender Individuals · and more. Covers hot topics such as minimally invasive and robotic surgery; advancements in urologic oncology, including innovative therapeutics for personalized medicine; new approaches to male infertility; technological advances for the treatment of stones; and advances in imaging modalities. Incorporates current AUA/EAU guidelines in each chapter as appropriate Updates all chapters with new content, new advances, and current references and best practices. Extensively updated chapters include Urological Immunotherapy, Minimally Invasive Urinary Diversion, and Updated Focal Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Features more than 175 video clips, including all-new videos on perineal ultrasound, abdominoplasty in prune belly syndrome, partial penectomy, low dose rate brachytherapy, and many more. Written and edited by key opinion leaders, reflecting essential changes and controversies in the field. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer Choung Soo Kim, 2018-07-04 This textbook summarizes the state of the art in the management of locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer with the aim of providing the knowledge required for optimal treatment decision making in individual cases. Readers will find comprehensive coverage of the latest developments in surgery, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. The role of the hormonal therapies abiraterone and enzalutamide and docetaxel-based chemotherapy in castration-resistant prostate cancer and hormone-sensitive metastatic disease is carefully evaluated. Among the other therapies discussed are LHRH agonists and antagonists, cabazitaxel, radium-223, and various novel agents still under clinical trials. The section on surgical approaches addresses, among other topics, the use of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, and the benefits of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy. The current role of external beam radiotherapy, alone or in combination with ADT and brachytherapy, for locally advanced disease is reviewed. Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer will be a valuable resource for practitioners at all levels of expertise. |
| adjuvant radiation therapy prostate cancer: Clinical Obesity in Adults and Children Peter G. Kopelman, Ian D. Caterson, William H. Dietz, 2005-07-25 Highly Commended in the 2006 British Medical Association Book Awards (Endocrinology) This Second Edition brings together more than 20 internationally recognized experts in the field to provide a timely review of current knowledge. The text remains an invaluable resource for all healthcare professionals involved in the care of patients who are obese. New features of this Second Edition include: Addition of two new co-editors – Professor Bill Dietz, USA and Professor Ian Caterson, Australia Increased number of contributors from around the globe – providing a truly international perspective Includes new information about the causes of obesity, its complications and new (and novel) methods of prevention and treatment Reorganized into sections that address obesity and its social and cultural aspects, biology, associated diseases, life stages (pediatric and adult), management, and environmental and policy approaches |
Adjuvants and Vaccines | Vaccine Safety | CDC
Dec 20, 2024 · An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine. In other words, adjuvants help vaccines …
ADJUVANT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ADJUVANT is serving to aid or contribute : auxiliary. How to use adjuvant in a sentence. Did you know?
Adjuvant - Wikipedia
In pharmacology, an adjuvant is a drug or other substance, or a combination of substances, that is used to increase the efficacy or potency of certain drugs. Specifically, the term can refer to: …
Adjuvant therapy: Treatment to keep cancer from returning
May 2, 2024 · Adjuvant treatments may last from just a few weeks to as long as 10 years. Understand what the recommendations are and why your healthcare professional is making …
Immunologic adjuvant - Wikipedia
In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. [1] The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid.
Adjuvant | definition of adjuvant by Medical ... - Medical Dictionary
Immunology A substance that enhances or diversifies the immune response; a nonspecific immune enhancer—e.g., Freund’s adjuvant, BCG vaccine—consisting of particulate-rich oily …
What are Adjuvants? - News-Medical.net
Mar 16, 2020 · An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the immune system’s response to the presence of an antigen. They are commonly used to improve the effectiveness of a vaccine.
An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future ...
Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. …
Adjuvants: Types and Functions • Microbe Online
Adjuvants are used to boost the immune response when an antigen has low immunogenicity or when a small amount of antigen is available. For example, the antibody response of mice to …
Vaccine Adjuvants - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious ...
The goal of NIAID’s vaccine adjuvant research programs is to develop a “toolbox” of adjuvants that can be matched with antigens to optimize vaccine efficacy.
Adjuvants and Vaccines | Vaccine Safety | CDC
Dec 20, 2024 · An adjuvant is an ingredient used in some vaccines that helps create a stronger immune response in people receiving the vaccine. In other words, adjuvants help vaccines …
ADJUVANT Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ADJUVANT is serving to aid or contribute : auxiliary. How to use adjuvant in a sentence. Did you know?
Adjuvant - Wikipedia
In pharmacology, an adjuvant is a drug or other substance, or a combination of substances, that is used to increase the efficacy or potency of certain drugs. Specifically, the term can refer to: …
Adjuvant therapy: Treatment to keep cancer from returning
May 2, 2024 · Adjuvant treatments may last from just a few weeks to as long as 10 years. Understand what the recommendations are and why your healthcare professional is making …
Immunologic adjuvant - Wikipedia
In immunology, an adjuvant is a substance that increases or modulates the immune response to a vaccine. [1] The word "adjuvant" comes from the Latin word adiuvare, meaning to help or aid.
Adjuvant | definition of adjuvant by Medical ... - Medical Dictionary
Immunology A substance that enhances or diversifies the immune response; a nonspecific immune enhancer—e.g., Freund’s adjuvant, BCG vaccine—consisting of particulate-rich oily …
What are Adjuvants? - News-Medical.net
Mar 16, 2020 · An adjuvant is a substance that enhances the immune system’s response to the presence of an antigen. They are commonly used to improve the effectiveness of a vaccine.
An Overview of Vaccine Adjuvants: Current Evidence and Future ...
Adjuvants are essential elements that increase the efficacy of vaccination practises through many different actions, especially acting as carriers, depots, and stimulators of immune responses. …
Adjuvants: Types and Functions • Microbe Online
Adjuvants are used to boost the immune response when an antigen has low immunogenicity or when a small amount of antigen is available. For example, the antibody response of mice to …
Vaccine Adjuvants - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious ...
The goal of NIAID’s vaccine adjuvant research programs is to develop a “toolbox” of adjuvants that can be matched with antigens to optimize vaccine efficacy.
