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ADHD and Language Learning: A Critical Analysis of Current Trends
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD, Professor of Educational Psychology and Special Education, specializing in neurodevelopmental disorders and language acquisition.
Publisher: Routledge, a leading academic publisher with a strong reputation in education and psychology.
Editor: Dr. Anya Sharma, Associate Professor of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics, experienced in editing scholarly works on language acquisition and learning disabilities.
Keywords: ADHD and language learning, ADHD language acquisition, language learning challenges ADHD, ADHD and bilingualism, ADHD and second language acquisition, strategies for ADHD language learners, accommodations for ADHD in language learning, ADHD and vocabulary acquisition, ADHD and grammar acquisition, supporting ADHD students in language learning
Abstract: This article critically analyzes the impact of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on language learning, exploring current trends in research, educational practices, and therapeutic interventions. It examines the multifaceted challenges faced by individuals with ADHD in acquiring and using language, considering both first and second language acquisition. The article also highlights effective strategies and accommodations that can significantly improve language learning outcomes for individuals with ADHD, ultimately advocating for a more inclusive and supportive learning environment.
1. The Complex Interplay of ADHD and Language Learning
The relationship between ADHD and language learning is multifaceted and complex. While individuals with ADHD often demonstrate average or above-average intelligence, their characteristic symptoms – inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity – can significantly impact their ability to acquire and use language effectively. This impact is observable across various aspects of language development, including vocabulary acquisition, grammar comprehension and production, reading comprehension, and written expression. Research on ADHD and language learning consistently shows that individuals with ADHD may struggle with phonological processing, working memory, and executive functions, all crucial components of successful language acquisition. Understanding these specific challenges is paramount to developing effective interventions. Furthermore, the impact of ADHD on language learning extends beyond academic settings, affecting communication skills in social interactions and daily life.
2. Challenges Faced by Individuals with ADHD in Language Learning
Several specific challenges arise for individuals with ADHD in the context of language learning:
Difficulties with sustained attention: Maintaining focus during language lessons, completing lengthy reading assignments, or engaging in complex grammatical exercises can be particularly arduous. The inherent distractibility associated with ADHD significantly impacts their ability to absorb and retain linguistic information.
Working memory deficits: Working memory, the ability to hold information in mind and manipulate it, is crucial for language processing. Individuals with ADHD often struggle to hold multiple pieces of linguistic information simultaneously, hindering their comprehension of complex sentences or their ability to generate grammatically correct speech.
Executive function impairments: Executive functions, including planning, organization, and self-regulation, are essential for successful language learning. Difficulties in these areas can lead to poor study habits, disorganized note-taking, and inefficient learning strategies.
Impulsivity and emotional regulation: Impulsivity can lead to hasty responses in language tasks, interrupting others, or failing to complete assignments. Difficulties with emotional regulation can result in frustration and avoidance of language learning activities.
Organizational challenges: Managing language learning materials, planning study sessions, and keeping track of assignments can be overwhelming for individuals with ADHD. This organizational struggle often compounds the challenges they already face with attention and executive functions.
3. Current Trends in Research on ADHD and Language Learning
Research on ADHD and language learning is constantly evolving. Recent studies are increasingly focusing on:
Neurobiological underpinnings: Researchers are exploring the neural mechanisms underlying the relationship between ADHD and language processing, employing neuroimaging techniques to better understand the brain regions and networks involved.
Individual differences: The heterogeneity of ADHD is increasingly recognized, with researchers exploring the variability in language profiles among individuals with ADHD, acknowledging that the impact of ADHD on language learning is not uniform.
Effectiveness of interventions: Studies are rigorously evaluating the efficacy of various interventions, including behavioral therapies, medication, and educational accommodations, to determine the most effective approaches for supporting language learning in individuals with ADHD.
The role of technology: Technological advancements, such as educational apps and software designed to address specific learning challenges related to ADHD, are being explored as potential tools to enhance language learning outcomes.
Impact on bilingualism: The impact of ADHD on second language acquisition is an emerging area of research, exploring whether individuals with ADHD experience unique challenges in learning additional languages compared to their monolingual peers. This includes examining the interplay between executive functions and the demands of bilingual processing.
4. Effective Strategies and Accommodations for ADHD and Language Learning
Successful language learning for individuals with ADHD requires a multi-pronged approach involving:
Structured and organized learning environments: Creating a predictable and structured learning environment can help minimize distractions and enhance focus. Clear expectations, visual aids, and organized materials are crucial.
Breaking down tasks into smaller, manageable steps: Large assignments can be overwhelming; breaking them into smaller, more manageable chunks can improve motivation and reduce frustration.
Frequent breaks and movement: Allowing for frequent breaks to move around can help individuals with ADHD maintain attention and reduce restlessness.
Utilizing technology to enhance learning: Educational apps, software, and interactive learning tools can cater to diverse learning styles and keep individuals engaged.
Providing positive reinforcement and feedback: Frequent positive reinforcement and constructive feedback can boost self-esteem and motivation.
Accommodations in assessment: Allowing for extended time, alternative testing formats, and reduced distractions during assessments is essential to accurately reflect their knowledge and skills.
Collaborative learning: Engaging in group work and peer interaction can provide social support and enhance motivation.
Mindfulness and self-regulation techniques: Teaching mindfulness and self-regulation strategies can help individuals with ADHD manage their attention, impulsivity, and emotions more effectively.
Early intervention: Early identification and intervention are crucial in mitigating the potential negative impacts of ADHD on language development.
5. The Future of ADHD and Language Learning
The future of research and practice in ADHD and language learning will likely focus on:
Personalized learning approaches: Tailoring educational interventions to the unique needs and strengths of individual learners will be essential.
Integration of technology: Utilizing technology to provide personalized feedback, adaptive learning experiences, and engaging learning opportunities will become increasingly important.
Collaboration between educators, therapists, and families: A collaborative approach involving educators, therapists, and families is critical to ensuring effective support for language learning in individuals with ADHD.
Raising awareness and reducing stigma: Increasing awareness of the challenges faced by individuals with ADHD in language learning and reducing the stigma associated with the condition are essential steps toward promoting inclusivity and fostering successful learning outcomes.
Conclusion
The relationship between ADHD and language learning is a complex area requiring a nuanced understanding of the challenges faced by individuals with ADHD and the development of tailored interventions. While difficulties in attention, working memory, and executive functions can significantly impact language acquisition, effective strategies and accommodations can significantly improve outcomes. A collaborative approach involving educators, therapists, families, and the individual with ADHD themselves, combined with a focus on personalized learning and technological advancements, holds the key to unlocking the full language learning potential of individuals with ADHD.
FAQs
1. Can ADHD be diagnosed in early childhood, affecting early language development? Yes, ADHD symptoms can manifest in early childhood and impact early language development, making early intervention crucial.
2. Does medication always help with language acquisition in children with ADHD? While medication can help manage ADHD symptoms, its effectiveness in improving language acquisition varies and needs to be considered alongside other therapeutic interventions.
3. Are there specific language learning strategies best suited for individuals with ADHD? Yes, strategies that emphasize structured learning, frequent breaks, and multi-sensory approaches tend to be more effective.
4. How can parents support their child with ADHD in language learning at home? Parents can create a supportive learning environment, break down tasks, use visual aids, and provide consistent positive reinforcement.
5. Can bilingualism be challenging for children with ADHD? While it can be, appropriate support and strategies can help children with ADHD succeed in bilingual language learning.
6. What role do educational accommodations play in supporting language learners with ADHD? Accommodations such as extended time, alternative assessment formats, and reduced distractions can significantly improve performance.
7. What are some common misconceptions about ADHD and language learning? Misconceptions include assuming all children with ADHD have the same difficulties or that ADHD is solely a behavioral issue.
8. What are the long-term implications of untreated language difficulties in individuals with ADHD? Untreated difficulties can affect academic achievement, social interactions, and overall quality of life.
9. Where can I find more resources and support for children with ADHD and language learning challenges? Various organizations dedicated to ADHD and learning disabilities offer resources, support groups, and information.
Related Articles:
1. "The Impact of ADHD on Reading Comprehension: Strategies for Educators": Explores the specific challenges faced by students with ADHD in reading comprehension and provides practical strategies for teachers.
2. "Executive Functions and Language Development in Children with ADHD": Focuses on the critical role of executive functions in language development and how their impairment impacts children with ADHD.
3. "ADHD and Vocabulary Acquisition: A Longitudinal Study": Presents a longitudinal study examining the development of vocabulary in children with ADHD and comparing it to their neurotypical peers.
4. "Technology-Assisted Language Learning for Students with ADHD": Reviews the use of technology in supporting language learning for students with ADHD, highlighting effective tools and apps.
5. "The Role of Parental Support in Language Development for Children with ADHD": Examines the importance of parental involvement and strategies parents can use to support their children's language development.
6. "Accommodations for Students with ADHD in Second Language Acquisition": Discusses specific accommodations that can facilitate second language learning for students with ADHD.
7. "Mindfulness and Self-Regulation Techniques for Improving Language Skills in Children with ADHD": Explores the benefits of mindfulness and self-regulation techniques in enhancing language skills.
8. "The Social Communication Challenges of ADHD and Their Impact on Language Use": Focuses on the social communication difficulties associated with ADHD and how they affect language use in social contexts.
9. "Early Intervention and Prevention Strategies for Language Difficulties in Children with ADHD": Highlights the importance of early intervention and outlines prevention strategies to address potential language difficulties.
| adhd and language learning: Helping Your Child with Language-Based Learning Disabilities Daniel Franklin, 2018-07-01 Based in cutting-edge research in neuroscience, education, and the principles of attachment-based teaching, this important guide for parents offers tools and practices to help children transcend language-based learning difficulties, do better in school, and gain self-confidence and self-esteem. If your child has a language-based learning difficulty—such as dyscalculia, dyslexia, and auditory processing disorder—they may have to work twice as hard to keep up with their peers in school. Your child may also have feelings of frustration, anger, sadness, or shame as a result of their learning differences. As a parent, it hurts to see your child struggle. But the good news is that there are proven-effective strategies you can learn to help your child be their best. This book will show you how. Helping Your Child with Language-Based Learning Disabilities outlines an attachment-based approach to help your child succeed based in the latest research. This research indicates that a secure attachment relationship between you and your child actually optimizes their learning ability by enhancing motivation, regulating anxiety, and triggering neuroplasticity. In this book, you’ll discover why it’s so important to accurately assess your child, find new perspectives on LBLDs based on the most current studies, and discover tips and strategies for navigating school, home life, and your child’s future. Most importantly, you’ll learn how your own special bond with your child can help spark their interest in reading, writing, and math. Every child is unique—and every child learns in his or her own way. With this groundbreaking guide, you’ll be able to help your child thrive, in school and life. |
| adhd and language learning: ADHD Hojka Gregoric Kumperscak, 2021-11-24 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder. Previously, it was considered a disorder that affected children only. Recently, however, there is no doubt that ADHD can affect adults as well, but with different clinical presentation. Thus, it is critical to understand how the clinical picture of the disorder changes with development. Traditional ADHD diagnostic procedures are broadening and incorporating new entities like endophenotypes. Comorbidity is a rule, especially if ADHD is not recognized and treated early. New genetic studies bring deeper and more concise knowledge about the disorder’s etiology. This book addresses these aspects of ADHD to bring about more clarity and understanding of the disorder. |
| adhd and language learning: Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Tobias Banaschewski, David Coghill, Alessandro Zuddas, 2018 Oxford Textbook of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is an authoritative, multi-disciplinary text covering the diagnosis, assessment and management of patients with ADHD. |
| adhd and language learning: The Handbook of Language and Speech Disorders Nicole Müller, 2012-07-10 The Handbook of Speech and Language Disorders presents a comprehensive survey of the latest research in communication disorders. Contributions from leading experts explore current issues, landmark studies, and the main topics in the field, and include relevant information on analytical methods and assessment. A series of foundational chapters covers a variety of important general principles irrespective of specific disorders. These chapters focus on such topics as classification, diversity considerations, intelligibility, the impact of genetic syndromes, and principles of assessment and intervention. Other chapters cover a wide range of language, speech, and cognitive/intellectual disorders. |
| adhd and language learning: Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD Catherine McBride, 2019-01-14 Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD: A Global Perspective uniquely incorporates dyslexia, dysgraphia, and ADHD into one volume, offering practical advice on how to manage each of these disorders. McBride combines a solid research base with interviews with specialists in learning disabilities, as well as parents, teachers, and students with personal knowledge of each difficulty from six continents. The innovative cross-cultural focus of the book is emphasized in the introduction, which is followed by one chapter each on the basics of each of these learning difficulties and another three chapters on their remediation. The book goes on to cover topics such as comorbidities across learning or other difficulties, learning of multiple languages, facilitating self-esteem, and enhancing reading comprehension and writing composition in the face of dyslexia, dysgraphia, and ADHD. Appendices with short, practical tips on learning, multi-media resources, and ways to test and train cognitive-linguistic skills are included as an additional resource. Coping with Dyslexia, Dysgraphia and ADHD: A Global Perspective is intended for practitioners, teachers, parents, and those with any or all of these learning difficulties. University or postgraduate students who wish to understand more about dyslexia, dysgraphia, and/or ADHD will also benefit from the clear analysis. With this book, the reader will not only come to understand the fundamental nature of these learning difficulties, but will also get to know the people whose lives are so deeply affected by them. |
| adhd and language learning: The Second Language Learning Processes of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties Judit Kormos, 2016-12-08 The Second Language Learning Processes of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties is the only recent book available to offer a detailed and in-depth discussion of the second language learning processes of students with specific learning difficulties (SpLDs). It summarizes research advances in the fields of cognitive and educational psychology and integrates them with recent studies in the area of second language acquisition (SLA). Thus the book is relevant not only to readers who are particularly interested in the role of specific learning difficulties in learning additional languages, but also to those who would like to understand how individual differences in cognitive functioning influence SLA. The book focuses on four important areas that are particularly relevant for language learners with SpLDs: the processes of SLA in general and the development of reading skills in particular, the effectiveness of pedagogical programs, the assessment of the language competence of students with SpLDs and identifying SpLDs in another language. The book also views learners with SpLDs in their social and educational contexts and elaborates how the barriers in these contexts can affect their language learning processes. This is an excellent resource for language teachers, students, and researchers in the areas of second language acquisition and applied linguistics. |
| adhd and language learning: Modality and language acquisition: How does the channel through which language is expressed affect how children and adults are able to learn? Richard P. Meier, Christian Rathmann, Aaron Shield, 2023-12-19 |
| adhd and language learning: Faster Than Normal Peter Shankman, 2017-10-03 A refreshingly practical and honest guide that rewrites the script on ADHD Peter Shankman is a busy guy -- a media entrepreneur who runs several businesses, gives keynote speeches around the world, hosts a popular podcast, runs marathons and Iron Mans, is a licensed skydiver, dabbles in angel investing, and is loving father to his young daughter. Simply put, he always seems to have more than 24 hours in a day. How does he do it? Peter attributes his unusually high energy level and extreme productivity to his ADHD. In Faster Than Normal, Shankman shares his hard-won insights and daily hacks for making ADHD a secret weapon for living a full and deeply satisfying life. Both inspiring and practical, the book presents life rules, best practices, and simple but powerful ways to: Harness your creative energy to generate and execute your ideas Direct your hyperfocus to get things done Identify your pitfalls--and avoid them Streamline your daily routine to eliminate distractions Use apps and other tech innovations to free up your time and energy Filled with ingenious hacks and supportive self-care advice, this is the positive, practical book the ADHD community has long needed - and is also an invaluable handbook for anyone who's sick of feeling overwhelmed and wants to drive their faster-than-normal brain at maximum speed...without crashing. |
| adhd and language learning: Dyslexia in First and Foreign Language Learning Monika Lodej, 2016-08-17 According to International Educational Statistics (2008), there are total of 654.9 million school-age children in the world. If dyslexia affects 10–15% of these youth (Fletcher et al. 2007), this translates to approximately 65–98 million students with difficulties in reading and writing. The EU strategic plan for education (2010) recognises the need for EU citizens to speak a foreign language. As such, foreign language courses are introduced on an obligatory basis at the primary level of education. Dyslexic students are not exempt from this regulation, and, thus, are confronted with different language systems that must be mastered. The difficulty here escalates if the systems differ significantly in their levels of orthographic transparency. Reading and writing are operationalised by the same biological functions that are defined by the universal perspective. However, language systems differ in terms of their transparency; for example, English and French are considered opaque scripts, whereas Spanish and Italian are described as transparent orthographies. These differences are discussed in this book as part of the language specific perspective, which can, in turn, raise questions such as: “Is a dyslexic student equally impaired in any language they study?” and “Is the type of difficulty primarily dependent on the language system or is it rather a dyslexia syndrome?” This volume provides answers through a synthesis of research on reading difficulties in first and foreign languages and existing taxonomies of dyslexia sub-types. |
| adhd and language learning: Teacher's Guide to ADHD Robert Reid, Joseph Johnson, 2011-11-21 Meeting a key need for teachers, this book provides practical, data-based tools for helping students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) succeed in the classroom. The authors combine instructional expertise with extensive knowledge about the nature and treatment of ADHD. Coverage includes ways to support students and teach them needed strategies in core areas: academic skills, behavior, self-regulation, and social skills. Step-by-step instructions and concrete examples help teachers implement effective interventions and accommodations. The book also offers crucial guidance for teaming with other school professionals and with parents. |
| adhd and language learning: Charlotte Mason Homeschool Charlotte Mason, 2018-04-16 Charlotte Mason Original Homeschool Series Volume I Home Education |
| adhd and language learning: Beginning C# Object-Oriented Programming Dan Clark, 2011-08-12 Beginning C# Object-Oriented Programming brings you into the modern world of development as you master the fundamentals of programming with C# and learn to develop efficient, reusable, elegant code through the object-oriented programming (OOP) methodology. Take your skills out of the 20th century and into this one with Dan Clark's accessible, quick-paced guide to C# and object-oriented programming, completely updated for .NET 4.0 and C# 4.0. As you develop techniques and best practices for coding in C#, one of the world's most popular contemporary languages, you'll experience modeling a “real world” application through a case study, allowing you to see how both C# and OOP (a methodology you can use with any number of languages) come together to make your code reusable, modern, and efficient. With more than 30 fully hands-on activities, you'll discover how to transform a simple model of an application into a fully-functional C# project, including designing the user interface, implementing the business logic, and integrating with a relational database for data storage. Along the way, you will explore the .NET Framework, the creation of a Windows-based user interface, a web-based user interface, and service-oriented programming, all using Microsoft's industry-leading Visual Studio 2010, C#, Silverlight, the Entity Framework, and more. |
| adhd and language learning: Speaking, Reading, and Writing in Children With Language Learning Disabilities Katharine G. Butler, Elaine R. Silliman, 2001-12-01 The ability to use language in more literate ways has always been a central outcome of education. Today, however, being literate requires more than functional literacy, the recognition of printed words as meaningful. It requires the knowledge of how to use language as a tool for analyzing, synthesizing, and integrating what is heard or read in order to arrive at new interpretations. Specialists in education, cognitive psychology, learning disabilities, communication sciences and disorders, and other fields have studied the language learning problems of school age children from their own perspectives. All have tended to emphasize either the oral language component or phonemic awareness. The major influence of phonemic awareness on learning to read and spell is well-researched, but it is not the only relevant focus for efforts in intervention and instruction. An issue is that applications are usually the products of a single discipline or profession, and few integrate an understanding of phonemic awareness with an understanding of the ways in which oral language comprehension and expression support reading, writing, and spelling. Thus, what we have learned about language remains disconnected from what we have learned about literacy; interrelationships between language and literacy are not appreciated; and educational services for students with language and learning disabilities are fragmented as a result. This unique book, a multidisciplinary collaboration, bridges research, practice, and the development of new technologies. It offers the first comprehensive and integrated overview of the multiple factors involved in language learning from late preschool through post high school that must be considered if problems are to be effectively addressed. Practitioners, researchers, and students professionally concerned with these problems will find the book an invaluable resource. |
| adhd and language learning: The Second Language Learning Processes of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties Judit Kormos, 2016-12-08 The Second Language Learning Processes of Students with Specific Learning Difficulties is the only recent book available to offer a detailed and in-depth discussion of the second language learning processes of students with specific learning difficulties (SpLDs). It summarizes research advances in the fields of cognitive and educational psychology and integrates them with recent studies in the area of second language acquisition (SLA). Thus the book is relevant not only to readers who are particularly interested in the role of specific learning difficulties in learning additional languages, but also to those who would like to understand how individual differences in cognitive functioning influence SLA. The book focuses on four important areas that are particularly relevant for language learners with SpLDs: the processes of SLA in general and the development of reading skills in particular, the effectiveness of pedagogical programs, the assessment of the language competence of students with SpLDs and identifying SpLDs in another language. The book also views learners with SpLDs in their social and educational contexts and elaborates how the barriers in these contexts can affect their language learning processes. This is an excellent resource for language teachers, students, and researchers in the areas of second language acquisition and applied linguistics. |
| adhd and language learning: Learning Outside The Lines Jonathan Mooney, Dave Cole, 2014-07-01 Learning with YOUR purpose in mind -- not your parents', not your teacher's, not your school's Every day, your school, your teachers, and even your peers draw lines to measure and standardize intelligence. They decide what criteria make one person smart and another person stupid. They decide who will succeed and who will just get by. Perhaps you find yourself outside the norm, because you learn differently -- but, unlike your classmates, you have no system in place that consistently supports your ability and desire to learn. Simply put, you are considered lazy and stupid. You are expected to fail. Learning Outside the Lines is written by two such academic failures -- that is, two academic failures who graduated from Brown University at the top of their class. Jonathan Mooney and David Cole teach you how to take control of your education and find true success -- and they offer all the reasons why you should persevere. Witty, bold, and disarmingly honest, Learning Outside the Lines takes you on a journey toward personal empowerment and profound educational change, proving once again that rules sometimes need to be broken. |
| adhd and language learning: Developmental Disorders of Language Learning and Cognition Charles Hulme, Margaret J. Snowling, 2013-04-02 This important new text is a comprehensive survey of current thinking and research on a wide range of developmental disorders. Highlights key research on normal and typical development Includes clinical case studies and diagrams to illustrate key concepts A reader-friendly writing style |
| adhd and language learning: How To Reach And Teach Children with ADD / ADHD Sandra F. Rief, 2012-06-26 Sandra Rief offers myriad real-life case studies, interviews, and student intervention plans for children with ADD/ADHD. In addition, the book contains best teaching practices and countless strategies for enhancing classroom performance for all types of students. This invaluable resource offers proven suggestions for: Engaging students' attention and active participation Keeping students on-task and productive Preventing and managing behavioral problems in the classroom Differentiating instruction and addressing students' diverse learning styles Building a partnership with parents and much more. |
| adhd and language learning: Language, Learning, and Behavior Disorders Joseph H. Beitchman, 1996-06-13 Language as a connecting bridge between learning disability and psychiatric disorder is the unifying theme of this wide-ranging book. Particular prominence is given to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, dyslexia and autistic disorder. Explanations for the comorbidity of psychiatric and language disorder are sought in developmental, cognitive and biological fields, the contribution of imaging modalities is considered and implications for aetiology, treatment and rehabilitation are explored. Topical issues such as syndrome definition in dyslexia, acquired memory disorder in childhood and biology-behaviour correspondence are well covered, as are a range of treatment options. A final section is devoted to outcome studies. Enlivened with case vignettes, and offering insights into the range of current thinking on language and behaviour, this book is a rich resource for professionals and advanced students concerned with child health and development, offering ideas for a unified view of language, learning and behaviour problems. |
| adhd and language learning: Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python, 4th Edition Al Sweigart, 2016-12-16 Invent Your Own Computer Games with Python will teach you how to make computer games using the popular Python programming language—even if you’ve never programmed before! Begin by building classic games like Hangman, Guess the Number, and Tic-Tac-Toe, and then work your way up to more advanced games, like a text-based treasure hunting game and an animated collision-dodging game with sound effects. Along the way, you’ll learn key programming and math concepts that will help you take your game programming to the next level. Learn how to: –Combine loops, variables, and flow control statements into real working programs –Choose the right data structures for the job, such as lists, dictionaries, and tuples –Add graphics and animation to your games with the pygame module –Handle keyboard and mouse input –Program simple artificial intelligence so you can play against the computer –Use cryptography to convert text messages into secret code –Debug your programs and find common errors As you work through each game, you’ll build a solid foundation in Python and an understanding of computer science fundamentals. What new game will you create with the power of Python? The projects in this book are compatible with Python 3. |
| adhd and language learning: Learning Disabilities and ADHD Betty B. Osman, 1997-08-19 A recognized authority on learning disability helps families deal with schooling for learning disabled children and aids parents in helping their children get along in social interactions with peers and family. This updated edition of Learning Disabilities (Random House) covers the latest information on the newest drug therapies, recent behavioral tactics, and the importance of self-esteem in children with learning disabilities. The book also addresses the latest information about ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.) |
| adhd and language learning: Teaching Languages to Students with Specific Learning Differences Judit Kormos, Anne Margaret Smith, 2023-08-01 This book is intended to help language teachers to work effectively and successfully with students who have Specific Learning Differences (SpLDs). It enables teachers to gain a thorough understanding of the nature of SpLDs and how these affect both general learning processes and the mechanisms of second language acquisition. In addition, the book explores the particular inclusive methods and techniques of teaching and assessment that foster success in language learning. Language teaching is embedded in a wider social and educational context, and therefore the book also provides an in-depth discussion of general educational issues related to identifying and disclosing disabilities and to making transitions from one institution to the other. The content has been thoroughly updated and revised for the second edition, particularly in the areas of inclusive pedagogies, new evidence-based methods and tools for identifying SpLDs, and new conceptualisations of neurodiversity. The book also includes the latest research on assessment, transition and progression, and the impact of SpLDs on additional language learning. |
| adhd and language learning: Learning to Slow Down and Pay Attention Kathleen G. Nadeau, Ellen B. Dixon, 1997 Written especially for kids, this fun, friendly workbook is packed with cartoons and activity pages, offering children a wealth of helpful tips for every situation--at home, at school, and among friends. Illustrations. |
| adhd and language learning: English Language Teaching Lee McCallum, 2022-08-11 This book provides an overview of current trends and practices in English Language Teaching (ELT) across the European Union. It offers insights into key ELT issues which are at the forefront of twenty-first-century classrooms. It discusses theoretical and empirical work based on topics such as linguistic imperialism, English as a Medium of Instruction, contrastive language analysis, and the interplay between English and the use of countries’ respective native languages. It also explores the challenges of English Language Teaching under different circumstances such as, while using different technological platforms, working with different learner groups (those with Special Educational Needs) and revising traditional practices in grammar and vocabulary teaching. Throughout the book, the link between policy, theory and practice is explicitly highlighted and exemplified. The book is of interest to ELT instructors, course designers, language teachers and teacher trainers, and students enrolled in pre-service English training courses. |
| adhd and language learning: Dyslexia in the Foreign Language Classroom Joanna Nijakowska, 2010-06-23 This book addresses specific learning difficulties in reading and spelling – developmental dyslexia. Set in the cross-linguistic context, it presents issues surrounding dyslexia from the perspective of a foreign language teacher. It is intended to serve as a reference book for those involved in foreign language teaching, including experienced in-service teachers and novice teachers, as well as teacher trainers and trainees. It offers an up-to-date and reader-friendly study of the mechanisms of dyslexia and an overview of the current research on the disorder, in theoretical and practical terms. Its aim is to help teachers tackle one of the many challenges they face in the modern classroom: the organization of an effective foreign language teaching process for students with dyslexia. |
| adhd and language learning: The Knowledge Gap Natalie Wexler, 2020-08-04 The untold story of the root cause of America's education crisis--and the seemingly endless cycle of multigenerational poverty. It was only after years within the education reform movement that Natalie Wexler stumbled across a hidden explanation for our country's frustrating lack of progress when it comes to providing every child with a quality education. The problem wasn't one of the usual scapegoats: lazy teachers, shoddy facilities, lack of accountability. It was something no one was talking about: the elementary school curriculum's intense focus on decontextualized reading comprehension skills at the expense of actual knowledge. In the tradition of Dale Russakoff's The Prize and Dana Goldstein's The Teacher Wars, Wexler brings together history, research, and compelling characters to pull back the curtain on this fundamental flaw in our education system--one that fellow reformers, journalists, and policymakers have long overlooked, and of which the general public, including many parents, remains unaware. But The Knowledge Gap isn't just a story of what schools have gotten so wrong--it also follows innovative educators who are in the process of shedding their deeply ingrained habits, and describes the rewards that have come along: students who are not only excited to learn but are also acquiring the knowledge and vocabulary that will enable them to succeed. If we truly want to fix our education system and unlock the potential of our neediest children, we have no choice but to pay attention. |
| adhd and language learning: Language Learners with Special Needs Judit Kormos, Edit H. Kontra, 2008-07-18 In this age of globalisation, people who do not speak a foreign language are at a serious disadvantage in the job market. It is therefore of great relevance that learners with learning disabilities are also provided with equal and appropriate opportunities to acquire a second or foreign language. The aim of the book is to give readers an insight into the language learning process of learners with disabilities. The articles discuss the learning process and the teaching of dyslexic as well as hearing impaired learners in various parts of the world, from the USA and Canada to England, Norway, Poland and Hungary. The intended audience of the book is language teachers, MA and MEd students, and researchers in the field of SLA, applied linguistics, or special education. |
| adhd and language learning: Language-Based Learning Disabilities Patricia W. Newhall, Landmark School (Prides Crossing, Mass.), 2012 |
| adhd and language learning: Dyslexia Dissolved Coral P. S. Hoh, Evan Y. Haruta, 2018-10-19 For all who live and work with struggling readers and their puzzling problems, this book presents the solution. For the first time: (i) Dyslexia is defined accurately. (ii) The relationships among dyslexia and coexisting ADHD, dyscalculia, auditory processing and speech disorders are explained clearly. (iii) Dyslexia and learning disabilities are corrected successfully to enable failing students to advance to Honor roll, while coexisting conditions dissipated. (iv) The artificial intelligence (AI) system Dysolve® is used to correct dyslexia, a task beyond human specialists. (v) Schools can replace the costly, burdensome services of traditional interventions with this inexpensive computer program that dispenses with intensive teacher preparation.These breakthroughs are illustrated by cases covering over 1,200 hours of training and insights from families, educators and Dr. Coral P.S. Hoh, co-inventor of the US patent for diagnostic technology for language disorders and the architect of Dysolve®. Successes with the most severe of cases prove that dyslexia is not a permanent disability.With over 30 years of diagnostics experience in language processing and operating systems, Dr. Coral and Evan Haruta explain why the multidimensional problem of dyslexia had not been resolved until now. Each person affected has a unique complex of underlying deficits. To remove the condition, Dysolve® was invented to generate assessment and training programs specific to each learner. Schools can see how AI equips them to reverse the grim statistics of special education by changing learning outcomes rapidly and permanently for those affected, now that the future has arrived. |
| adhd and language learning: Declarative Language Handbook Linda K Murphy, 2020-02-11 Do you know a child with social learning challenges? Do they struggle to see the big picture, be flexible, take the perspective of others, problem solve in real time, and/or read nonverbal communication? Do they have trouble connecting with others by sharing meaningful memories or making plans for the near and distant future? Is it hard for them to express their emotions calmly using language - often getting upset instead? These skills are needed in every interaction and social opportunity that we have in life, but for a child with social learning challenges, they can seem out of reach. Wouldn't it be great if there was a way that you could support growth in these areas for someone you care about? A method that was woven into everyday interactions and social opportunities? That is what this book is about. It's to help you, the person who cares deeply about someone with social learning challenges, use everyday incidental moments to teach and guide your child's social learning. You might be a therapist or a teacher, or you might be a parent, grandparent, or babysitter. This book was written to help you feel equipped to make a difference, simply by being mindful of your own communication and speaking style. What you say, and how you say it, matters! |
| adhd and language learning: Learning Disabilities Laurence L. Greenhill, 2008-11-01 There is an increased awareness that learning disorders affect many areas of both child and adult functioning. It is of utmost importance, therefore, that professionals have the most up-to-dateLearning Disabilities: Implications for Psychiatric Treatment information on how learning disabilities are being identified, the effectiveness of current treatments, and their long-term outlook. Although more people have been identified as having a learning disabilities in the past 20 years, there is no agreement as to how widespread the disorders actually are. This is due to the fact that there is still no agreed on definition of learning disabilities, or objective criteria with which to identify them. The contributors to Learning Disabilities: Implications for Psychiatric Treatment, all experts in the field, go a long way toward mapping out the current terrain. The authors highlight the shortcomings of certain definitions of learning disability; they illuminate the connections between disorders; they point out the suspected biological underpinnings; and they direct our attention to some of the most significant studies on the long-term consequences of these disabilities. With all of the chapters extensively referenced, this book serves as an important resource for those interested in exploring in greater depth this critical subject. The contributors present clear and irrefutable evidence as to the role learning disabilities play in the lives of people who have been diagnosed with them. Over and over again, we are shown the importance of early identification and intervention in preventing long-term failure and demoralization that can be associated with these disorders. Edited by Laurence L. Greenhill, M.D., a distinguished authority in the field, Learning Disabilities: Implications for Psychiatric Treatment will prove useful to professionals of many backgrounds, and provides practical guidance to psychiatrists, psychologists, students and residents, and to individuals and families whose lives have been touched by the presence of these disabilities. |
| adhd and language learning: Strategies for Teaching Adolescents with ADHD Silvia L. DeRuvo, 2009-11-24 ADHD expert offers help for teaching the content areas to students with attention problems Written by an expert in the field of ADHD, this important resource offers strategies to teach adolescents with ADHD across all core content areas: English Language Arts, Math, Science, and Social Studies. These strategies have been classroom-tested and proven to engage students during content instruction so that they will gain a lasting understanding of the material taught. As students interact with the content—talk, write, draw, and create a variety of media in relation to the content—all students, including those with ADHD, will learn the basics necessary for post-secondary education and employment. Offers an important guide for teaching core content to adolescents with ADHD Includes information for engaging ADHD students in a way that makes content memorable Explains how to use the strategies to teach all classroom students Written by a nationally known authority on ADHD Published in partnership with the acclaimed WestEd organization |
| adhd and language learning: Socially ADDept Janet Z. Giler, 2000 Presents information on Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and learning disabilities for parents. Contains information on managing a child with ADD or learning disabilities, particularly in social situations. |
| adhd and language learning: MIndful Education for ADHD Students Victoria Proulx-Schirduan, C. Branton Shearer, Karen I. Case, 2009-01-30 This practical guide describes ways of working with learners diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) by using Multiple Intelligences Theory. Written for all educators as well as parents, it examines curricular, instructional, school partnering, and leadership issues that may arise for these students in grades K–8. Supported by real-life examples, it presents constructive strategies to help teachers work with ADHD students in ways that honor their strengths and allow for meaningful inclusion in the general education classroom. As viewed through the lens of an MI curriculum, ADHD is not a disadvantage; it is an integral component of the way a student processes information and makes sense of the world. This thoroughly readable resource features: An innovative application of MI Theory based on the authors’ extensive research and their experience working with students, teachers, and administrators. Practical, tested strategies and materials for teachers who work with one of today’s most prevalent and challenging school populations. Free online MIDAS assessments, one for a student with ADHD and one for a teacher. Hundreds of case studies and examples that illustrate how MI Theory can apply to all students in a general education classroom. |
| adhd and language learning: The Five Love Languages Gary Chapman, 2009-12-17 Marriage should be based on love, right? But does it seem as though you and your spouse are speaking two different languages? #1 New York Times bestselling author Dr. Gary Chapman guides couples in identifying, understanding, and speaking their spouse's primary love language-quality time, words of affirmation, gifts, acts of service, or physical touch. By learning the five love languages, you and your spouse will discover your unique love languages and learn practical steps in truly loving each other. Chapters are categorized by love language for easy reference, and each one ends with simple steps to express a specific language to your spouse and guide your marriage in the right direction. A newly designed love languages assessment will help you understand and strengthen your relationship. You can build a lasting, loving marriage together. Gary Chapman hosts a nationally syndicated daily radio program called A Love Language Minute that can be heard on more than 150 radio stations as well as the weekly syndicated program Building Relationships with Gary Chapman, which can both be heard on fivelovelanguages.com. The Five Love Languages is a consistent New York Times bestseller - with over 5 million copies sold and translated into 38 languages. This book is a sales phenomenon, with each year outselling the prior for 16 years running! |
| adhd and language learning: The Art and Science of Language Teaching Lara Bryfonski, Alison Mackey, 2023-12-31 Designed for teachers of all levels and languages, this book seeks to inform their practices with cutting-edge language teaching research. |
| adhd and language learning: I Can Learn When I'm Moving Nicole Biscotti, 2021-02-12 Nicole Biscotti, a mother and educator, and her nine-year-old son, Jason, candidly share their perspective on what it means to go to school with ADHD. This book is an important reflection for all of those who are interested in the education of children with ADHD. The ways that ADHD can present in the classroom are explored, and many common myths are debunked. This book provides educators with research-based, kid-approved strategies to improve achievement for ALL children, while proactively addressing the needs of students with ADHD. Insights and strategies are also presented by educational experts Alice Aspinall, Barbara Bray, Peg Grafwallner, Dr. Brad Johnson, Dr. Kevin Leichtman, Kate Lindquist, M.Ed., Shilpi Mahajan, Scott Nunes, Laura Robb, and Melissa Thorpe Sidebotham. |
| adhd and language learning: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Lily Trokenberg Hechtman, 2017 Comprehensive description of adult outcome in educational, occupational, emotional, social, substance use, legal, antisocial functioning is described via the best well-controlled prospective follow-up studies of children with ADHD into adulthood. Predictors of outcome, e.g., medication and psychosocial treatment, IQ, severity of ADHD, comorbidity, SES, parental pathology and family functioning are all explored. Prognosis and issues that need to be addressed to promote more positive outcome are thus addressed. |
| adhd and language learning: Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics Hassan Mohebbi, Christine Coombe, 2022-01-13 This volume encompasses the range of research questions on language-related problems that arise in language teaching, learning and assessment. The [150] chapters are written by experts in the field who each offer their insights into current and future directions of research, and who suggest several highly relevant research questions. Topics include, but are not limited to: language skills teaching, language skills assessment and testing, measurement, feedback, discourse analysis, pragmatics, semantics, language learning through technology, CALL, MALL, ESP, EAP, ERPP, TBLT, materials development, genre analysis, needs analysis, corpus, content-based language teaching, language teaching and learning strategies, individual differences, research methods, classroom research, form-focused instruction, age effects, literacy, proficiency, and teacher education and teacher development. The book serves as a reference and offers inspiration to researchers and students in language education. An important skill in reviewing the research literature is following a study’s “plan of attack.” Broadly, this means that before accepting and acting upon the findings, one considers a) the research question (Is it clear and focused? Measurable?), b) the subjects examined, the methods deployed, and the measures chosen (Do they fit the study’s goal and have the potential to yield useful results?), and c) the analysis of the data (Do the data lead to the discussion presented? Has the author reasonably interpreted results to reach the conclusion?). Mohebbi and Coombe’s book, Research Questions in Language Education and Applied Linguistics: A Reference Guide, helps budding researchers take the first step and develop a solid research question. As the field of language education evolves, we need continual research to improve our instructional and assessment practices and our understanding of the learners’ language learning processes. This book with its remarkable 150 topics and 10 times the number of potential research questions provides a wealth of ideas that will help early career researchers conduct studies that move our field forward and grow our knowledge base. Deborah J. Short, Ph.D., Director, Academic Language Research & Training, Past President, TESOL International Association (2021-22) As a teacher in graduate programs in TESOL I frequently come across the frustration of students at centering their research interests on a particular topic and developing research questions which are worth pursuing so as to make a contribution to the field. This frustration stems from the fact that our field is so vast and interrelated, that it is often impossible to properly address all that interests them. Hence, I wholeheartedly welcome this most relevant and innovative addition to the research literature in the field of TESOL and Applied Linguistics. Coombe and Mohebbi have created a real tour de force that stands to inform budding researchers in the field for many years to come. Additionally, the cutting-edge depiction of the field and all it has to offer will no doubt update the research agendas of many seasoned researchers around the world. The 150 chapters are organized in a most powerful, yet, deceptively simple way offering a positioning within the topic, suggesting questions that might direct inquiry and offering a basic set of bibliographic tools to start the reader in the path towards research. What is more, the nine sections in which the chapters are organized leave no area of the field unexplored. Dr. Gabriel Díaz Maggioli, Academic Advisor, Institute of Education, Universidad ORT del Uruguay, President, IATEFL |
| adhd and language learning: Psycholinguistics - Xiaoming Jiang, 2024-03-13 This book promotes an understanding of psycholinguistics based on research efforts at the frontiers with state-of-the-art approaches and novel real-world applications. The book addresses issues on how experimental psycholinguistics are applied to educational science, gives an overview on using psycholinguistic methods to validate linguistic theories, facilitates the optimization of language testing, expands the understanding of key concepts in mental health, and describes the association between psycholinguistics and the interpersonal, cultural, and affective nature of human communication. |
| adhd and language learning: Cognitive and Educational Psychology for TESOL Andrzej Cirocki, |
什么是ADHD（注意力缺陷及多动障碍）？ - 知乎
ADHD的诊断和治疗： 关于ADHD的诊断，先说结论，和大多数精神障碍诊断一样，现在还没有任何一个特异性的生理指标，可以诊断ADHD [15]。 各个年龄段的ADHD主要通过问诊+量表， …
为什么那么多人都觉得自己是ADHD？adhd和正常人明显的区别是 …
3. 如何界定ADHD：很多人网上填了个量表就说自己是ADHD了。 且不说自填量是否会像看星座解说一样对号入座。 事实上，ADHD的诊断是一个非常复杂的“工程”，即使量表符合ADHD诊 …
ADHD与ADD有何区别？ - 知乎
ADHD分为3个亚型：以注意力缺陷（难以保持注意集中、容易分心、做事有始无终等）为主的I型、以多动冲动（过度好动、喧闹等）为主的H型、和两种症状都具有的混合型-C型。
国内目前可以诊断 ADHD 的医院有哪些？大致的诊断流程及费用 …
广东医科大学附属医院设有ADHD诊治专病区,由儿童精神行为顾问门诊与康复治疗中心共同负责ADHD的诊疗工作。 医院采用DSM-5标准进行ADHD确诊,联合应用药物治疗及认知行为疗法 …
到底多严重才叫ADHD (ADD)? 如何区分普通的注意力不集中、丢 …
到底多严重才叫ADHD (ADD)? 如何区分普通的注意力不集中、丢三落四和adhd导致的问题? 我怀疑我自己有，所以上个礼拜刚去上海新华医院，还约了个访谈。 但之后我问了两个女同学， …
ADHD患者的智商很高吗? - 知乎
关于adhd (多动症，注意力缺陷多动冲动障碍）的智商和天赋一直是ADHD领域里面比较热门和有争议的话题。 本人在不知道ADHD之前，一方面因为自己某些方面能力实在差劲，以为自己是 …
有哪些协助ADHD人士电脑阅读的工具？ - 知乎
针对ADHD（注意力缺陷多动障碍）人士在电脑阅读方面，有多种工具可以提供帮助，以下是一些推荐的辅助工具： 1. Clearly阅读器：这是一个使用先进AI技术提供最佳阅读模式、TTS（文 …
ADHD检查要多少钱？ - 知乎
Mar 23, 2019 · 如果最后确诊是ADHD需要吃药，专注达一般一天吃一粒，20块钱。 总之，如果你是个成年人，想要得到准确的诊断结果、正规来源的药物和可靠的治疗，那么总开销应该是往 …
ADHD有小时候不明显，长大后越来越明显的吗？ - 知乎
ADHD有小时候不明显，长大后越来越明显的吗？ 本人女性，知道ADHD的诊断其中之一是六岁之前就有症状，但是很疑惑的是，自测ADHD量表以及大部分症状除了个别项目,可以说大部分都 …
如何看待「很多人都认为自己是 ADHD」的现象？实际上 ADHD
（自知力越不完整，疾病越严重） [1]。 ADHD的诊断同样需要有经验的精神科医生对患者的知情意行等做出评估和判断，而且并不是说你出现了注意力不集中和小动作增多的现象就能被诊断 …
什么是ADHD（注意力缺陷及多动障碍）…
ADHD的诊断和治疗： 关于ADHD的诊断，先说结论，和大多数精神障碍诊断一样，现在还没有任何一个 …
为什么那么多人都觉得自己是ADHD？ad…
3. 如何界定ADHD：很多人网上填了个量表就说自己是ADHD了。 且不说自填量是否会像看星座解说一样 …
ADHD与ADD有何区别？ - 知乎
ADHD分为3个亚型：以注意力缺陷（难以保持注意集中、容易分心、做事有始无终等）为主的I型、以多动 …
国内目前可以诊断 ADHD 的医院有哪 …
广东医科大学附属医院设有ADHD诊治专病区,由儿童精神行为顾问门诊与康复治疗中心共同负责ADHD的 …
到底多严重才叫ADHD (ADD)? 如何区分普 …
到底多严重才叫ADHD (ADD)? 如何区分普通的注意力不集中、丢三落四和adhd导致的问题? 我怀 …
