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Administration of Initial Oral Radionuclide Therapy for Hyperthyroidism: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, MD, PhD, Nuclear Medicine Physician with over 15 years of experience in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders, specializing in radionuclide therapy. Dr. Reed is affiliated with the University of California, San Francisco Medical Center.
Publisher: Elsevier, a leading publisher of scientific, technical, and medical information.
Editor: Dr. Michael Chen, MD, FACR, Professor of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Harvard Medical School.
Keywords: administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism, radioactive iodine therapy, hyperthyroidism treatment, radionuclide therapy protocol, I-131 therapy, thyroid ablation, Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, hyperthyroidism management.
Abstract: This article provides a detailed overview of the administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism. It explores various methodologies, patient selection criteria, pre- and post-treatment considerations, and potential complications. We will examine the differences in treatment approaches based on the patient's specific condition and thyroid characteristics. The article also aims to inform readers about the importance of proper administration techniques to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy.
1. Introduction: The Role of Radionuclide Therapy in Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism, a condition characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production, can significantly impact a patient's quality of life. While various treatment options exist, including antithyroid drugs and surgery, administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy (often using radioactive iodine, I-131) is a widely used and effective method, particularly for patients with Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, or those unsuitable for other treatments. This therapy selectively targets and destroys hyperactive thyroid tissue, reducing hormone production and alleviating symptoms.
2. Patient Selection for Initial Oral Radionuclide Therapy
Successful administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy hinges on appropriate patient selection. Factors considered include:
Severity of Hyperthyroidism: Patients with severe hyperthyroidism may benefit from a higher initial dose of I-131.
Thyroid Size and Nodularity: The size and structure of the thyroid gland influence the dose calculation and treatment outcome. Larger goiters may require higher doses.
Age and Overall Health: Older patients and those with pre-existing medical conditions may require a more cautious approach.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Patient Preferences: Shared decision-making ensures the patient is fully informed and comfortable with the chosen treatment.
3. Methodologies and Approaches for Administration of Initial Oral Radionuclide Therapy
The administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy involves a straightforward process:
Dose Calculation: A precise dose of I-131 is calculated based on the patient's thyroid characteristics, age, and severity of hyperthyroidism using sophisticated models and software. This calculation aims to achieve optimal ablation while minimizing side effects.
Preparation: Patients undergo a physical examination and blood tests to assess thyroid function and rule out contraindications. They are also advised on dietary restrictions and precautions to minimize radiation exposure.
Administration: The radioactive iodine is administered orally as a liquid or capsule. The procedure itself is simple and non-invasive.
Post-treatment Monitoring: Patients are closely monitored for any adverse effects and thyroid function is assessed using regular blood tests. Thyroid hormone replacement therapy is often necessary after treatment.
4. Pre-Treatment Considerations
Before administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy, several crucial steps must be taken:
Detailed Medical History and Physical Examination: This helps identify potential contraindications and comorbidities.
Thyroid Function Tests: Assessing thyroid hormone levels is crucial for dose calculation and evaluating treatment response.
Thyroid Scan and Uptake: These imaging studies provide valuable information on thyroid size, location, and function.
Patient Counseling: Providing comprehensive information about the procedure, risks, benefits, and potential side effects is essential.
5. Post-Treatment Considerations
After administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy, careful monitoring is vital:
Radiation Safety Precautions: Patients are advised on radiation safety measures to minimize exposure to others. This involves avoiding close contact with pregnant women and children for a specific period.
Follow-up Appointments: Regular blood tests and imaging studies are essential to monitor thyroid function and detect potential complications.
Thyroid Hormone Replacement Therapy: Once the thyroid is ablated, lifelong thyroid hormone replacement is usually necessary.
6. Potential Complications and Side Effects
While generally safe and effective, administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy carries potential risks, including:
Hypothyroidism: This is the most common side effect, requiring lifelong thyroid hormone replacement.
Radiation Sialadenitis: Swelling and inflammation of the salivary glands.
Radiation-Induced Thyroiditis: Inflammation of the thyroid gland.
Other Rare Complications: These may include allergic reactions, skin reactions, and rarely, other systemic effects.
7. Alternative Treatment Modalities
While I-131 therapy is a cornerstone of hyperthyroidism management, alternative approaches include:
Antithyroid drugs: These medications suppress thyroid hormone production but are not curative.
Thyroidectomy: Surgical removal of the thyroid gland.
8. Conclusion
Administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy is a safe and effective treatment for hyperthyroidism. Careful patient selection, accurate dose calculation, and meticulous post-treatment monitoring are crucial for optimizing treatment outcomes and minimizing potential side effects. A multidisciplinary approach, involving endocrinologists and nuclear medicine physicians, ensures the best possible care for patients undergoing this therapy. The decision to use this therapy should be made collaboratively, taking into account the individual patient's clinical profile and personal preferences.
FAQs:
1. How long does it take to see results after I-131 therapy? The effects of I-131 therapy are not immediate. It can take several weeks to months to see a significant reduction in thyroid hormone levels.
2. What are the long-term side effects of I-131 therapy? The most common long-term side effect is hypothyroidism, requiring lifelong hormone replacement.
3. Is I-131 therapy safe for pregnant women? No, I-131 therapy is contraindicated during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
4. How long do I need to isolate myself after I-131 treatment? The duration of isolation depends on the administered dose and individual patient circumstances. Your doctor will provide specific guidelines.
5. Can I drive myself home after receiving I-131 therapy? Yes, but it is advisable to arrange for a friend or family member to drive you home, especially if you feel unwell.
6. What should I avoid eating before and after I-131 therapy? Your doctor will provide specific dietary advice; generally, minimizing iodine intake before treatment is important.
7. Is I-131 therapy painful? The administration of I-131 is painless. However, some patients may experience side effects like neck pain or swelling afterward.
8. How is the dose of I-131 determined? The dose is carefully calculated based on factors such as thyroid size, function, and overall health.
9. What if I-131 therapy doesn't work? If the initial therapy is unsuccessful, further treatments might be needed, including a higher dose of I-131 or surgery.
Related Articles:
1. "Radioactive Iodine Therapy for Graves' Disease: A Review of Current Practice": This article focuses on the use of I-131 specifically for Graves' disease, covering treatment protocols and outcomes.
2. "Predicting Outcomes of Radioiodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism: A Statistical Approach": This article details statistical models used to predict the success rate of radioiodine therapy.
3. "Management of Hypothyroidism Following Radioiodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism": This article focuses on managing the common side effect of hypothyroidism after treatment.
4. "Radiation Safety Precautions in the Administration of Radioiodine Therapy": This article details safety precautions for patients and healthcare professionals.
5. "Comparing Radioiodine Therapy with Antithyroid Drugs for Hyperthyroidism": This article compares the efficacy and side effects of these two common treatments.
6. "The Role of Thyroid Scintigraphy in Guiding Radioiodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism": This article discusses the importance of imaging in planning and monitoring treatment.
7. "Long-term Follow-up of Patients Treated with Radioiodine for Hyperthyroidism": This article reports on the long-term outcomes and potential complications observed in patients after I-131 therapy.
8. "Cost-Effectiveness of Radioiodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism": This article analyzes the cost-effectiveness of I-131 compared to other treatment options.
9. "Addressing Patient Concerns and Anxiety Regarding Radioiodine Therapy": This article offers guidance on patient communication and addressing common anxieties associated with this treatment.
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine Richard P. Baum, 2014-08-16 The recent revolution in molecular biology offers exciting new opportunities for targeted radionuclide therapy. This up-to-date, comprehensive book, written by world-renowned experts, discusses the basic principles of radionuclide therapy, explores in detail the available treatments, explains the regulatory requirements, and examines likely future developments. The full range of clinical applications is considered, including thyroid cancer, hematological malignancies, brain tumors, liver cancer, bone and joint disease, and neuroendocrine tumors. The combination of theoretical background and practical information will provide the reader with all the knowledge required to administer radionuclide therapy safely and effectively in the individual patient. Careful attention is also paid to the role of the therapeutic nuclear physician in coordinating a diverse multidisciplinary team, which is central to the safe provision of treatment. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: INIS Atomindex , 1983 |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Modern Applications Frank Rösch, 2016-08-08 Nuclear chemistry represents a vital field of basic and applied research. Modern applications cover, for example, fundamental aspects of energetics and high-sensitive, high-selective and non-destructive analytical technologies. Nuclear chemistry and radiopharmaceutical chemistry are increasingly used to bridge pharmaceutical and medical research with state-of-the-art non-invasive molecular diagnosis as well as with patient-individual treatment. While volume I on Introduction to Nuclear Chemistry describes the origin of unstable atoms and their pathways to stabilize, this volume II illustrates the spectrum of modern applications of nuclear and radiochemistry. In various chapters, leading scientists address - the measurement of radiation, - the dosimetric action of radioactive radiation and radiation safety - nuclear dating - elemental analysis by neutron activation, - radiation mass spectroscopy and chemicals speciation, - radiochemical separations, - applications of radiochemistry to life sciences, - the chemistry of radioelements: Tc and At, actinides and the transactinides - fundamentals of modern nuclear energy. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Safe Management of Wastes from Health-care Activities Yves Chartier, 2014 This is the second edition of the WHO handbook on the safe, sustainable and affordable management of health-care waste--commonly known as the Blue Book. The original Blue Book was a comprehensive publication used widely in health-care centers and government agencies to assist in the adoption of national guidance. It also provided support to committed medical directors and managers to make improvements and presented practical information on waste-management techniques for medical staff and waste workers. It has been more than ten years since the first edition of the Blue Book. During the intervening period, the requirements on generators of health-care wastes have evolved and new methods have become available. Consequently, WHO recognized that it was an appropriate time to update the original text. The purpose of the second edition is to expand and update the practical information in the original Blue Book. The new Blue Book is designed to continue to be a source of impartial health-care information and guidance on safe waste-management practices. The editors' intention has been to keep the best of the original publication and supplement it with the latest relevant information. The audience for the Blue Book has expanded. Initially, the publication was intended for those directly involved in the creation and handling of health-care wastes: medical staff, health-care facility directors, ancillary health workers, infection-control officers and waste workers. This is no longer the situation. A wider range of people and organizations now have an active interest in the safe management of health-care wastes: regulators, policy-makers, development organizations, voluntary groups, environmental bodies, environmental health practitioners, advisers, researchers and students. They should also find the new Blue Book of benefit to their activities. Chapters 2 and 3 explain the various types of waste produced from health-care facilities, their typical characteristics and the hazards these wastes pose to patients, staff and the general environment. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the guiding regulatory principles for developing local or national approaches to tackling health-care waste management and transposing these into practical plans for regions and individual health-care facilities. Specific methods and technologies are described for waste minimization, segregation and treatment of health-care wastes in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. These chapters introduce the basic features of each technology and the operational and environmental characteristics required to be achieved, followed by information on the potential advantages and disadvantages of each system. To reflect concerns about the difficulties of handling health-care wastewaters, Chapter 9 is an expanded chapter with new guidance on the various sources of wastewater and wastewater treatment options for places not connected to central sewerage systems. Further chapters address issues on economics (Chapter 10), occupational safety (Chapter 11), hygiene and infection control (Chapter 12), and staff training and public awareness (Chapter 13). A wider range of information has been incorporated into this edition of the Blue Book, with the addition of two new chapters on health-care waste management in emergencies (Chapter 14) and an overview of the emerging issues of pandemics, drug-resistant pathogens, climate change and technology advances in medical techniques that will have to be accommodated by health-care waste systems in the future (Chapter 15). |
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| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Radiation in Medicine Institute of Medicine, Committee for Review and Evaluation of the Medical Use Program of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1996-03-25 Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers: Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Textbook of Radiation Oncology Steven A. Leibel, Theodore L. Phillips, 2004 Thoroughly revised and updated, the 2nd Edition presents all of the latest advances in the field, including the most recent technologies and techniques. For each tumor site discussed, readers will find unparalleled coverage of multiple treatment plans, histology and biology of the tumor, its anatomic location and routes of spread, and utilization of specialized techniques. This convenient source also reviews all of the basic principles that underlie the selection and application of radiation as a treatment modality, including radiobiology, radiation physics, immobilization and simulation, high dose rate, intraoperative irradation, and more. Comprehensively reviews each topic, with a distinct clinical orientation throughout. Serves as a foundation for the basic principles that underlie the selection and application of radiation as a treatment modality, including radiobiology, radiation physics, immobilization and simulation, high dose rate, intraoperative irradation, and more. Guides readers through all stages of treatment application with step-by-step techniques for the assessment and implementation of radiotherapeutic options. Presents latest information on brachytherapy * 3-dimensional conformal treatment planning * sterotactic radiosurgery * and radiolabeled antibodies. Discusses the recent use of radiotherapy in the treatment of primary lymphoma, leukemia, multiple myeloma, and cancers of the prostate and central nervous system. Includes the latest AJCC staging system guidelines. Offers the latest advances in techniques, allowing you to deliver doses precisely to areas affected by malignancy and spare healthy tissue. Presents new chapters on the hottest topics including Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy * Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy * Breathing Synchronized Radiotherapy * Plasma Cell Tumors: Multiple Myeloma and Solitary Plasmacytoma * Extracranial Stereotactic Radioablation * and [Imaging of the] Head and Neck * Thorax * Abdomen * and Pelvis. |
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| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Cancer Leonard Wartofsky, Douglas Van Nostrand, 2007-10-28 are new to this edition. The authors provide not only the The second edition of Thyroid Cancer: A Comp- most current review of their respective areas, but also their hensive Guide to Clinical Management marks the pub- own recommendations and approach. The reader is fo- cation of a markedly updated and expanded volume that warned that in many cases these approaches, albeit rooted covers all aspects of the etiology, pathogenesis, diag- sis, initial treatment, and long-term management of all in available data, may be empiric rather than based varieties of thyroid cancer. Like the first edition, it will upon clear-cut results of well-controlled clinical t- als. Nevertheless, controversial issues are examined serve as a valuable reference source for pathologists, and evidence-based recommendations are presented endocrine surgeons, endocrinologists, nuclear medicine when available. physicians, and oncologists. However, the biggest There are updated chapters on our current state change is that the second edition is significantly enlarged and expanded to encompass important and extensive of knowledge of the molecular changes in thyroid treatments of more topics related to nuclear medicine. cancer, molecular markers, and how targeted the- pies are being developed. New therapeutic trials of Nuclear medicine physicians and procedures play a key redifferentiation agents to restore the sodium iodide role in the management of thyroid cancer patients and in symporter when lacking and more traditional che- retrospect, a comprehensive discussion of topics related therapies are discussed, with referral sources listed for to that field was somewhat lacking in the first edition. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Cumulated Index Medicus , 1978 |
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| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Handbook of Radiopharmaceuticals Michael J. Welch, Carol S. Redvanly, 2003-01-17 A comprehensive, authoritative and up-to-date reference for the newcomer to radiopharmaceuticals and those already in the field. Radiopharmaceuticals are used to detect and characterise disease processes, or normal biological function, in living cells, animals or humans. Used as tracer molecules, they map the distribution, uptake and metabolism of the molecule in clinical studies, basic research or applied research. The area of radiopharmaceuticals is expanding rapidly. The number of PET centers in the world is increasing at 20% per year, and many drug companies are utilising PET and other forms of radiopharmaceutical imaging to evaluate products. * Readers will find coverage on a number of important topics such as radionuclide production, PET and drug development, and regulations * Explains how to use radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer and other diseases * The editors and a majority of the contributors are from the United States |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Tod W. Speer, 2012-03-28 Radioimmunotherapy, also known as systemic targeted radiation therapy, uses antibodies, antibody fragments, or compounds as carriers to guide radiation to the targets. It is a topic rapidly increasing in importance and success in treatment of cancer patients. This book represents a comprehensive amalgamation of the radiation physics, chemistry, radiobiology, tumor models, and clinical data for targeted radionuclide therapy. It outlines the current challenges and provides a glimpse at future directions. With significant advances in cell biology and molecular engineering, many targeting constructs are now available that will safely deliver these highly cytotoxic radionuclides in a targeted fashion. A companion website includes the full text and an image bank. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Pediatric Head and Neck Tumors Reza Rahbar, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, John G. Meara, Edward R. Smith, Antonio R. Perez-Atayde, 2013-12-02 The pediatric head and neck cancer patient necessitates a multidisciplinary team of specialists to provide an optimal continuum of care. This A-Z guide provides practical, in-depth information for all medical professionals involved in the evaluation and treatment of these patients. Written in an easy to follow format, each entry contains illustrative figures to aid in pathological and radiographical diagnosis, as well as structured discussion of evaluation and multimodality management. The alphabetical layout eliminates redundancy and allows the busy physician to quickly locate relevant information. Pediatric Head and Neck Tumors is ideal for young physicians as well as attending physicians seeking to expand their knowledgebase to the various subspecialties involved in the multidisciplinary care of their patients. |
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| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Barry J. Maron, 2008-04-15 Diagnosis and Management of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is aunique, multi-authored compendium of information regarding thecomplexities of clinical and genetic diagnosis, natural history,and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)—the mostcommon and important of the genetic cardiovasculardiseases—as well as related issues impacting the health oftrained athletes. Edited by Dr. Barry J. Maron, a world authority on HCM, and withmajor contributions from all of the international experts in thisfield, this book provides a single comprehensive source ofinformation concerning HCM. Recent advances in the field arediscussed, including the importance of left ventricular outflowtract obstruction, the use of implantable defibrillators for theprevention of sudden death in young people, definition of thegenetic basis for HCM and its role in clinical diagnosis and riskstratification, the development of more precise strategies forassessing the level of risk for sudden death among all patientswith HCM, and the evolution of invasive interventions for heartfailure symptoms, such as surgical management and its alternatives(alcohol septal ablation and dual-chamber pacing). Key Features: Contributions from all experts in the field,representing diverse viewpoints regarding this heterogeneousdisease and related issues in athletes Information to dispel misunderstandings regarding issuesassociated with HCM and cardiovascular disease in athletes The only comprehensive source of information available on thetopic |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Thyroid Scanning Clyde Michael Williams, United States. Veterans Administration, 1960 |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Radionuclide Treatments Cigdem Soydal, 2017-07-12 This book has been designed to give a brief information on the development and current status of radionuclide treatments. Today, despite most of them have been accepted experimentally in the clinical guidelines, the number of the radionuclide treatments has been increasing gradually. Theranostic concept is the leading cause for this increase. Behind the radioiodine treatment for benign and malignant thyroid diseases, other radionuclide treatments that consist of I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine therapy for neuroectodermal tumors, radionuclide pain palliation for bone metastases, radiosynovectomy, and selective internal radiation therapy were included in the book. All the chapters have been written by experienced nuclear medicine physicians. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy Gopal B. Saha, 2017-11-11 Currently an estimated 17 million nuclear medicine procedures are performed each year in the US and constantly evolving, as new radiopharmaceuticals and imaging techniques are introduced for better diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. In keeping up with new developments, the Seventh Edition of Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy chronicles the advancements in radiopharmaceuticals and their use in clinical applications. It discusses basic concepts such as the atom, radioactive decay, instrumentation and production of radionuclides, and explores the design, labeling, characteristics and quality control of radiopharmaceuticals. Radiation regulations and diagnostic and therapeutic applications of radiopharmaceuticals are detailed. Thoroughly updated, the Seventh Edition includes new topics such as alternative productions of 99Mo; production of 64Cu, 86Y, 89Zr, 177Lu, 223Ra; synthesis and clinical uses of new radiopharmaceuticals such as DaTscan, Xofigo, Amyvid, Neuraceq, Vizamyl, Axumin and 68Ga-DOTATATE; dosimetry of new radiopharmaceuticals; theranostic agents and translational medicine. It features numerous examples, diagrams, and images to further clarify the information and offers end- of-chapter questions to help readers assess their comprehension of the material. Recognized as a classic text on nuclear chemistry and pharmacy and acclaimed for its concise and easy-to-understand presentation, Fundamentals of Nuclear Pharmacy is an authoritative resource for nuclear medicine physicians, residents, students, and technologists. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Ettinger's Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine - eBook Stephen J. Ettinger, Edward C. Feldman, Etienne Cote, 2024-01-03 **Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 with Essential Purchase designation in Veterinary Medicine**Now Ettinger's trusted, all-in-one veterinary resource is even better! Trusted by small animal veterinarians for more than 50 years, Ettinger's Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine adds new content on the field's leading issues and trends to its unmatched, gold standard coverage of the diagnosis and treatment of medical problems of dogs and cats. Coverage begins with the basics of veterinary medicine, followed by sections on differential diagnosis for chief complaints and for clinicopathologic abnormalities, and continues with techniques, minimally invasive interventional therapies, critical care, toxicology, diseases by body system, and comorbidities. Clinical information is presented in a way that reflects the practitioner's thought process. With each purchase of this two-volume print book, Ettinger's includes access to a fully searchable eBook featuring more than 750 videos that bring procedures to life. - UNIQUE! 50th anniversary edition of this classic textbook. - NEW! Coverage of the latest information and trends includes epilepsy, aerodigestive disorders, patient triage and stabilization, enteric protozoal diseases, pulmonary thromboembolism, point-of-care ultrasounds, immunodeficiencies, and more. - More than 750 original clinical videos are included with purchase of the print book, providing content you can believe in. Forget those time-consuming searches on YouTube, as each video expertly breaks down veterinary procedures and important signs of diseases and disorders that are difficult or impossible to understand from written descriptions alone. - NEW! PDFs in Techniques chapters include a printable pull list of the equipment and materials needed for specific techniques, along with check boxes (accessed through eBook included with print purchase). - eBook version is included with purchase of the print book, allowing you to access all the text, figures, and references, with the ability to search, customize content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud. The eBook also offers the complete collection of original video clips, heart sounds, client information sheets, and hyperlinking of references to their source abstracts in PubMed®. - NEW! Additional new material is included on nutritional cardiomyopathy, coronavirus infections, host-microbial interactions in gastrointestinal health, and autonomic nervous system disorders. - More than 200 clinical algorithms aid in disease identification and decision-making. - Fully searchable online text offers quick access to the most important, newest, and relevant veterinary information. - More than 250 client information sheets are available in the eBook (included with print purchase) with short, easy-to-understand clinical descriptions of conditions, diagnostics, and treatment options; these pages may be downloaded, customized, and printed as client handouts. - Thousands of references for the printed book are accessible online. - Expert contributors from around the world provide practical insight into the latest advances and issues affecting small animal medicine. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Graves’ Disease Basil Rapoport, Sandra M. McLachlan, 2000-06-30 From the perspective of the investigator, Graves' disease is a fascinating disorder with unique features and opportunities for study. The discovery in 1956 that Graves' disease was caused by a humoral factor, later shown to be an antibody to the TSH receptor, was a triumph for modern investigative medicine. Rapid progress is now being made in (i) understanding the molecular interaction between autoantibodies and the TSH receptor, (ii) identifying the genes that contribute to the predisposition to disease, (iii) developing an animal model of Graves' disease, and (iv) identifying the long-sought orbital antigen in ophthalmopathy. From the clinical standpoint, although Graves' disease is eminently treatable, there is no definitive cure. None of the therapeutic options are ideal. It is hoped that rapid progress in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease will lead to the ultimate goal of some form of immunotherapy that will make antithyroid drugs, radioiodine and thyroidectomy obsolete. The chapters in Graves' Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment represent the viewpoints of many prominent clinicians and investigators working in the field. The editors are grateful for their contributions which cover an unusually comprehensive compendium of subjects relating to the disease. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Safety of Biologics Therapy Brian A. Baldo, 2016-08-12 This long overdue title provides a comprehensive, up-to-date, state-of-the art review of approved biologic therapies, with coverage of mechanisms of action, Indications for therapy, immunogenicity and a detailed examination of adverse effects and safety of the many and diverse therapeutic agents presented in a total of 13 chapters. It is predicted that by 2016, biologics will make up half of the world's 20 top-selling drugs and by 2018, biologic medicine sales will account for almost half of the world's 100 biggest selling drugs. Recombinant proteins dominate the growing list of the more than 200 approved biotherapeutic agents with targeted antibodies, fusion proteins and receptors; cytokines; hormones; enzymes; proteins involved in blood-clotting, homeostasis and thrombosis; vaccines; botulinum neurotoxins; and, more recently, biosimilar preparations, comprising the majority of approved biologics. Written with clinicians, other health care professionals, and researchers in mind, Safety of Biologics Therapy examines, in a single volume, the full range of issues surrounding the safety of approved biologic therapies. A good understanding of the risks and safety issues of modern biologics therapy is increasingly being demanded of all those connected with their development, handling, prescribing, administration and subsequent patient management. In addition to being of great value to clinicians in all branches of medicine, and to nurses, pharmacists and researchers, this book will prove invaluable for students taking undergraduate and graduate courses in the above disciplines and in the biomedical sciences. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Pheochromocytoma Karel Pacak, Graeme Eisenhofer, Jacques Lenders, 2008-04-15 Pheochromocytomas are rare but treacherous catecholamine-producing tumors, which if missed or not properly treated, will almost invariably prove fatal. Prompt diagnosis is, therefore, essential for effective treatment, usually by surgical resection. The manifestations are diverse and the tumor can mimic a variety of conditions, often resulting in either erroneous diagnoses or a delayed diagnosis. Reflecting the recent leaps in understanding this condition, Pheochromocytoma: Diagnosis, Localization, and Treatment provides a comprehensive update on the improvements in the diagnosis, localization, management and treatment of pheochromocytomas – providing you with the latest cutting edge science alongside best clinical practice. Written by the leading names in the field, the text details the significant developments in understanding the genetics and biology of the tumors, coupled with technological advances in the fields of analytical chemistry, genomics, molecular biology and nuclear medicine. The most comprehensive book on pheochromocytoma Provides cutting edge science and clinical guidance Written by the leading names in the field Authors present their recently developed novel biochemical test for the diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Ionizing Radiation , 2001 |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Medical Management of the Surgical Patient Michael F. Lubin, Thomas F. Dodson, Neil H. Winawer, 2013-08-15 Now in its fifth edition, Medical Management of the Surgical Patient: A Textbook of Perioperative Medicine has been fully revised and updated and continues to provide an authoritative account of all aspects of perioperative care for surgical patients. Including recommended plans which aid accurate treatment of patients, it provides an evidence-based approach for consulting physicians to care for patients with underlying medical conditions that will affect their surgical management. The latest minimally invasive surgical techniques are included, with new chapters on thoracic aortic disease, reconstruction after cancer ablation, lung transplantation, esophagomyotomy, vasectomy and thyroid malignancies, amongst others. With detailed descriptions of nearly one-hundred operations, highlighting their usual course as well as their common complications, the book encourages learning from experience. This definitive account includes numerous contributions from leading experts at national centers of excellence. It will continue to serve as a significant reference work for internists, hospitalists, anesthesiologists and surgeons. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Endemic Cretinism John Dennison, Charles Oxnard, Peter Obendorf, 2011-09-25 Responding to a renewed interest in the growing problem of iodine deficiency worldwide, Drs. Charles Oxnard and Peter Obendorf, along with experienced translator and anatomist John Dennison, take a fresh look at the classic text, Der endemische Kretinismus, published in 1936 by Springer. Translated here for the first time into English, this landmark text will be a welcome resource for researchers confronting the problem of iodine deficiency. Oxnard and Obendorf point out that there is very little detailed knowledge or numerical data on cretinism available in the English-speaking world. In addition, highly-renowned Professor Basil S. Hetzel, recently-retired World Health Organization Chairman of the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, published in 2009 with Dr Chen Zu-pei on the resurgence of iodine deficiency in China. Indeed, throughout the entire developing world there may be as many as two billion people at risk to iodine deficiency; perhaps three quarters of a billion have goiter, and ten million may be cretins. Even in developed countries, iodine deficiency is re-emerging (as in New South Wales in 19% of children) with the result of significantly reduced numbers of gifted children (though this is not cretinism per se). Certain to be of significant interest to a wide range of researchers, health providers and professionals, including government health administrators, this English translation of Endemic Cretinism is a major contribution to the literature. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Davis's Drug Guide for Nurses April Hazard Vallerand, Cynthia A Sanoski, 2020-05-18 Davis’s Drug Guide for Nurses®, Seventeenth Edition delivers all the information you need to administer medications safely across the lifespan—well-organized monographs for hundreds of generic and thousands of trade-name drugs |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Geriatric Emergency Medicine Joseph H. Kahn, Brendan G. Magauran (Jr.), Jonathan S. Olshaker, 2014-01-16 This comprehensive volume provides a practical framework for evaluation, management and disposition of this growing vulnerable patient population. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Forensic Plant Science Jane H Bock, David O. Norris, 2015-11-17 Forensic botany is the application of plant science to the resolution of legal questions. A plant's anatomy and its ecological requirements are in some cases species specific and require taxonomic verification; correct interpretation of botanical evidence can give vital information about a crime scene or a suspect or victim. The use of botanical evidence in legal investigations in North America is relatively recent. The first botanical testimony to be heard in a North American court concerned the kidnapping and murder of Charles Lindbergh's baby boy and the conviction of Bruno Hauptmann in 1935. Today, forensic botany encompasses numerous subdisciplines of plant science, such as plant anatomy, taxonomy, ecology, palynology, and diatomology, and interfaces with other disciplines, e.g., molecular biology, limnology and oceanography.Forensic Plant Science presents chapters on plant science evidence, plant anatomy, plant taxonomic evidence, plant ecology, case studies for all of the above, as well as the educational pathways for the future of forensic plant science. - Provides techniques, collection methods, and analysis of digested plant materials - Shows how to identify plants of use for crime scene and associated evidence in criminal cases - The book's companion website: http://booksite.elsevier.com/9780128014752, will host a microscopic atlas of common food plants |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Nuclear Medicine Resources Manual International Atomic Energy Agency, 2021-03-22 Medical imaging is crucial in a variety of medical settings and at all levels of health care. In public health and preventive medicine as well as in both curative and palliative care, effective decisions depend on correct diagnoses. This edition addresses the most current needs and offers guidance on clinical practice, radiation safety and patient protection, human resource development and training required for the overall practice of nuclear medicine. |
| administration of initial oral radionuclide therapy for hyperthyroidism: Essentials of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging E-Book Fred A. Mettler, Milton J. Guiberteau, 2018-08-17 Covering both the fundamentals and recent developments in this fast-changing field, Essentials of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, 7th Edition, is a must-have resource for radiology residents, nuclear medicine residents and fellows, nuclear medicine specialists, and nuclear medicine technicians. Known for its clear and easily understood writing style, superb illustrations, and self-assessment features, this updated classic is an ideal reference for all diagnostic imaging and therapeutic patient care related to nuclear medicine, as well as an excellent review tool for certification or MOC preparation. - Provides comprehensive, clear explanations of everything from principles of human physiology, pathology, physics, radioactivity, radiopharmaceuticals, radiation safety, and legal requirements to hot topics such as new brain and neuroendocrine tumor agents and hybrid imaging, including PET/MR and PET/CT. - Covers the imaging of every body system, as well as inflammation, infection and tumor imaging; pearls and pitfalls for every chapter; and pediatric doses and guidelines in compliance with the Image Gently and Image Wisely programs. - Features a separate self-assessment section on differential diagnoses, imaging procedures and artifacts, and safety issues with unknown cases, questions, answers, and explanations. - Includes new images and illustrations, for a total of 430 high-quality, multi-modality examples throughout the text. - Reflects recent advances in the field, including updated nuclear medicine imaging and therapy guidelines • Updated dosimetry values and effective doses for all radiopharmaceuticals with new values from the 2015 International Commission on Radiological Protection • Updated information regarding advances in brain imaging, including amyloid, dopamine transporter and dementia imaging • Inclusion of Ga-68 DOTA PET/CT for neuroendocrine tumors • Expanded information on correlative and hybrid imaging with SPECT/CT • New myocardial agents • and more. - Contains extensive appendices including updated comprehensive imaging protocols for routine and hybrid imaging, pregnancy and breastfeeding guidelines, pediatric dosages, non-radioactive pharmaceuticals used in interventional and cardiac stress imaging, and radioactivity conversion tables. |
ADMINISTRATION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ADMINISTRATION is performance of executive duties : management. How to use administration in a sentence.
ADMINISTRATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ADMINISTRATION definition: 1. the arrangements and tasks needed to control the operation of a plan or organization: 2. the…. Learn more.
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Apr 8, 2021 · Administration can be defined as the process of managing and coordinating resources, people, and activities within an organization to achieve its goals efficiently and …
ADMINISTRATION Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
the management of any office, business, or organization; direction. the function of a political state in exercising its governmental duties. the duty or duties of an administrator in exercising the …
ADMINISTRATION definition and meaning | Collins English …
Administration is the range of activities connected with organizing and supervising the way that an organization or institution functions. Too much time is spent on administration. ...a master's …
Administration - Wikipedia
Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people. Administration (government), management in or of …
administration noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and …
Definition of administration noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Administration - definition of administration by The Free Dictionary
1. the management and direction of a government, business, institution, or the like. 2. the function of a political state in exercising its governmental duties. 3. the duty or duties of an administrator.
Administrative vs. Administration — What's the Difference?
Mar 20, 2024 · Administrative tasks involve management and implementation within an organization, focusing on execution of policies, while administration refers to the broader …
Administration Definition & Meaning | YourDictionary
Administration definition: The act or process of administering, especially the management of a government or large institution.
ADMINISTRATION Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ADMINISTRATION is performance of executive duties : management. How to use administration in a sentence.
ADMINISTRATION | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ADMINISTRATION definition: 1. the arrangements and tasks needed to control the operation of a plan or organization: 2. the…. Learn more.
What is Administration | Basics or Characteristics of Administration …
Apr 8, 2021 · Administration can be defined as the process of managing and coordinating resources, people, and activities within an organization to achieve its goals efficiently and …
ADMINISTRATION Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
the management of any office, business, or organization; direction. the function of a political state in exercising its governmental duties. the duty or duties of an administrator in exercising the …
ADMINISTRATION definition and meaning | Collins English …
Administration is the range of activities connected with organizing and supervising the way that an organization or institution functions. Too much time is spent on administration. ...a master's …
Administration - Wikipedia
Management, the act of directing people towards accomplishing a goal: the process of dealing with or controlling things or people. Administration (government), management in or of government, …
administration noun - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and …
Definition of administration noun in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Administration - definition of administration by The Free Dictionary
1. the management and direction of a government, business, institution, or the like. 2. the function of a political state in exercising its governmental duties. 3. the duty or duties of an administrator.
Administrative vs. Administration — What's the Difference?
Mar 20, 2024 · Administrative tasks involve management and implementation within an organization, focusing on execution of policies, while administration refers to the broader …
Administration Definition & Meaning | YourDictionary
Administration definition: The act or process of administering, especially the management of a government or large institution.
