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Adult Attachment Interview Questions: A Comprehensive Examination
Author: Dr. Eleanor Ainsworth, PhD, Professor of Developmental Psychology, University of California, Berkeley. (Fictional author with qualifications mirroring a leading expert in the field)
Keywords: adult attachment interview questions, AAI, attachment theory, attachment interview, adult attachment, infant attachment, secure attachment, anxious attachment, avoidant attachment, disorganized attachment, qualitative research, psychometrics
Summary: This article provides a detailed analysis of the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), examining its core questions, methodological challenges, and significant contributions to the field of attachment research. It explores the complexities of interpreting AAI transcripts, highlighting the strengths and limitations of this crucial assessment tool. The article also emphasizes the importance of rigorous training and expertise for conducting and scoring AAI interviews effectively, ultimately arguing for its continued relevance in understanding adult attachment styles and their implications for mental health and relationships.
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP) – A globally renowned academic publisher with a strong reputation for publishing high-quality research across diverse disciplines, including psychology.
Editor: Dr. Mary Main, PhD – (Fictional editor with qualifications mirroring a leading expert in the field) Professor Emerita of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, known for her significant contributions to attachment theory and the development of the AAI.
Introduction: Unpacking the Adult Attachment Interview Questions
The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) stands as a cornerstone of attachment research, providing a unique window into how adults' early experiences with caregivers shape their current attachment styles and relationship patterns. Unlike questionnaires relying on self-report, the AAI is a semi-structured interview that delves into the individual's memories and reflections on childhood experiences, particularly their relationship with their parents. The core questions of the adult attachment interview aim to elicit detailed narratives, allowing researchers to analyze both the content and the process of the individual's descriptions. This analysis is crucial in determining their attachment classification. Understanding the nuances of these adult attachment interview questions is vital for researchers and clinicians alike.
The Core Components of Adult Attachment Interview Questions
The AAI doesn't employ a standardized list of questions; instead, it uses a flexible, semi-structured approach. The interviewer follows a general framework, adapting questions based on the interviewee's responses. However, certain recurring themes and question types are central to the AAI:
Early Childhood Memories: The interview begins by exploring the participant's recollections of their childhood, focusing on their relationships with their parents or primary caregivers. These adult attachment interview questions aim to uncover specific memories, both positive and negative. The detail and emotional tone of these recollections are carefully noted.
Childhood Experiences and Their Impact: The AAI delves into the impact of significant childhood events, examining how these experiences may have shaped the individual's current worldview and relationship patterns. This section of the adult attachment interview questions probes the lasting effects of childhood adversity or trauma.
Parental Figures' Characteristics: Interviewers will seek detailed descriptions of the parent figures, asking about their parenting styles, personality traits, and the overall quality of the parent-child relationship. These adult attachment interview questions are not simply about factual recall but also about the participant’s interpretation and emotional response to these figures.
State of Mind Regarding Attachment Figures: This is arguably the most critical aspect of the AAI. Interviewers probe the individual's current state of mind concerning their attachment figures, exploring their understanding of their past relationships and the impact these relationships have had on their adult life. The focus is on the coherence of the narrative – the ability to discuss past experiences in a balanced, integrated, and reflective manner.
Current Relationships: The AAI also explores the participant's current romantic relationships and friendships, examining how their attachment style influences these interactions. This section connects past experiences to present relationship dynamics.
Challenges in Using Adult Attachment Interview Questions
Despite its value, utilizing adult attachment interview questions presents several challenges:
Interviewer Training and Expertise: Conducting and scoring the AAI requires extensive training and rigorous adherence to standardized protocols. Subtleties in language and affect play a critical role in classifying attachment styles, making expertise essential for accurate interpretation.
Time-Consuming Nature: The AAI typically lasts for one to two hours, which is significantly longer than self-report measures. This lengthy process can be a constraint on large-scale research projects.
Subjectivity in Scoring: Although scoring guidelines exist, elements of subjectivity remain in interpreting the interview transcripts. The reliance on qualitative data necessitates careful consideration of nuances in language and tone. Inter-rater reliability is essential but challenging to achieve fully.
Cultural Considerations: The AAI was initially developed within a specific cultural context. Its applicability across diverse cultures needs careful consideration, as cultural norms and family structures may influence responses and interpretations.
Sample Selection: The ability to recruit and retain participants for the length of the interview can be a challenge, particularly for certain populations, potentially introducing biases in the sample selection.
Opportunities Presented by Adult Attachment Interview Questions
The adult attachment interview questions offer significant opportunities for research and clinical practice:
In-Depth Understanding of Attachment: The AAI provides a much deeper and more nuanced understanding of attachment styles than self-report measures. It captures the complexity of individual experiences and their impact on adult relationships.
Predictive Validity: AAI classifications have shown predictive validity for various outcomes, including relationship quality, parenting styles, and mental health. Understanding an individual's attachment style can inform intervention strategies.
Clinical Applications: The AAI can be a valuable tool for clinical assessment, informing treatment plans for relationship difficulties, anxiety, and other mental health concerns. It helps therapists understand the root causes of patients' relational patterns.
Research on Specific Populations: The AAI can be adapted and used to examine attachment in various populations, including individuals with trauma histories, those experiencing relationship difficulties, or those from different cultural backgrounds.
Interpreting Adult Attachment Interview Questions: The Classification System
The AAI yields four primary classifications of adult attachment:
Secure/Autonomous: Individuals in this category demonstrate a balanced and coherent narrative, reflecting a positive and integrated view of their childhood experiences.
Dismissing: These individuals often downplay the significance of attachment experiences and may demonstrate a lack of emotional awareness.
Preoccupied: Participants in this category often express anger and confusion concerning their childhood experiences, showing significant emotional entanglement with past relationships.
Unresolved/Disorganized: This classification signifies an unresolved trauma or loss, marked by lapses in reasoning and disruptions in discourse.
Conclusion
Adult attachment interview questions, as implemented in the AAI, represent a powerful tool for understanding the enduring influence of early experiences on adult attachment and relationships. While challenges exist related to training, time commitment, and scoring, the rich insights provided by this in-depth assessment method significantly outweigh its limitations. The AAI continues to be a valuable resource for both researchers and clinicians seeking to understand the complexities of human attachment and its impact on mental health and well-being. Its continued refinement and adaptation to diverse cultural contexts are crucial to ensuring its ongoing relevance and validity.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between the AAI and self-report measures of attachment? The AAI is a semi-structured interview that explores childhood memories and reflections, providing a richer, more nuanced understanding of attachment than self-report questionnaires, which are subject to biases and limitations in self-awareness.
2. How long does an AAI typically take? An AAI interview usually lasts between 60 and 90 minutes.
3. Who can administer and score an AAI? Only individuals with specialized training in the administration and scoring of the AAI should conduct and interpret the interviews.
4. What are the ethical considerations when using the AAI? Informed consent is crucial, and participants should be made aware of the potential emotional impact of revisiting childhood experiences. Confidentiality and data security are also paramount.
5. Can the AAI be used with children? No, the AAI is designed specifically for adults. Separate assessment tools are used for assessing attachment in children.
6. How is the reliability and validity of the AAI established? The AAI's reliability and validity are established through inter-rater reliability studies and research demonstrating its correlations with other measures of attachment and psychological well-being.
7. What are the limitations of the AAI? Limitations include the time and resource intensity of the procedure, the potential for interviewer bias, and challenges in ensuring cross-cultural validity.
8. How are the AAI classifications used in clinical practice? AAI classifications inform clinical assessment, enhancing the understanding of patients' relational patterns and informing the development of tailored therapeutic interventions.
9. What are some common misconceptions about the AAI? A common misconception is that the AAI solely focuses on negative childhood experiences. It actually explores the whole range of childhood experiences and their influence on current attachment styles.
Related Articles
1. "The Adult Attachment Interview: A Practical Guide for Clinicians": A practical guide detailing the step-by-step process of administering and interpreting the AAI, with case studies and practical examples.
2. "Attachment Theory and Adult Relationships": Explores the links between adult attachment styles as assessed by the AAI and the quality of romantic and other close relationships.
3. "The Impact of Trauma on Adult Attachment: An AAI Perspective": Focuses on how trauma impacts the narratives and classifications obtained through the AAI.
4. "Cross-Cultural Variations in Adult Attachment: An AAI Analysis": Compares and contrasts adult attachment styles across different cultural groups using AAI data.
5. "The AAI and Parenting Styles: A Longitudinal Study": Examines the relationship between adult attachment classifications from the AAI and parenting styles.
6. "Using the AAI to Predict Relationship Outcomes": Investigates the predictive validity of AAI classifications for relationship satisfaction, stability, and conflict resolution.
7. "The Adult Attachment Interview and Mental Health Outcomes": Explores the connections between AAI classifications and various mental health conditions.
8. "Refining the Scoring System for the Adult Attachment Interview": Discusses ongoing efforts to improve the reliability and validity of AAI scoring procedures.
9. "Comparing AAI Results with Other Measures of Attachment": Examines the convergence and divergence between AAI classifications and other methods of assessing attachment.
| adult attachment interview questions: Clinical Applications of the Adult Attachment Interview Howard Steele, Miriam Steele, 2013-12-09 The Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) is both a mainstay of attachment research and a powerful clinical tool. This unique book provides a thorough introduction to the AAI and its use as an adjunct to a range of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral therapy, psychoanalytic psychotherapy, parent-infant psychotherapy, home visiting programs, and supportive work in the context of foster care and adoption. Leading authorities provide detailed descriptions of clinical procedures and techniques, illustrated with vivid case material. Grounded in research, the volume highlights how using the AAI can enhance assessment and diagnosis, strengthen the therapeutic alliance, and facilitate goal setting, treatment planning, and progress monitoring. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Sam Goldstein, Jack A. Naglieri, 2010-11-23 This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks. |
| adult attachment interview questions: The Adult Attachment Projective Picture System Carol George, Malcolm L. West, 2012-04-10 This book presents cutting-edge research on adult attachment together with a complete overview of the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP), the authors' validated developmental assessment. In addition to identifying attachment classification groups, the AAP yields important information about dimensions--including defensive processes--not evaluated by other available measures. Detailed case illustrations show what the AAP looks like in action and what it reveals about individuals' early experiences, sense of self, and capacity to engage in close, protective relationships. The AAP can be used in clinical or research settings; the concluding chapter discusses promising applications to studying the neurobiology of attachment. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment Theory and the Psychoanalytic Process Mauricio Cortina, Mario Marrone, 2003 Attachment theory, the brainchild of child psychiatrist and psychoanalyst John Bowlby, has begun to have a worldwide impact among clinicians within the last ten years. This interest marks a departure from the early fate of attachment theory. At first shunned by the psychoanalytic community, Bowlby's brilliant and groundbreaking effort to recast basic psychoanalytic concepts within system theories and a new, ethologically based model of the importance of affectional ties across the life span was taken up by a group of gifted developmental researchers. Empirical research not only tested and confirmed many basic propositions of attachment theory, but also extended Attachment theory in unexpected and creative ways. Bowlby was surprised and gratified by this turn of events, but also disappointed that his intended clinical audience has not taken the theory and run with it. This edited book is in part a testament to the fact that clinicians are beginning to do just that; they are taking Attachment theory and research creatively to examine clinical issues. In doing so, new vistas and hypothesis are being put forward showing that Attachment theory is alive and well. In this volume the editors gathered a distinguished group of clinician-scholars from around the world (Argentina, Italy, Mexico, UK, USA and Spain) to examine and extend Bowlby's legacy.The book should be of interest to clinicians regardless of their orientation. Attachment theory cuts across boundaries of clinical modalities-individual, group or family therapy-and orientations-psychoanalytic, cognitive or behavioural. The book should also be of interest to researchers who may find the heuristic value of clinical insights a valuable addition to the legacy of Attachment theory. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Adult Attachment Omri Gillath, Gery C. Karantzas, R. Chris Fraley, 2016-03-29 Adult Attachment: A Concise Introduction to Theory and Research is an easy-to-read and highly accessible reference on attachment that deals with many of the key concepts and topics studied within attachment theory. This book is comprised of a series of chapters framed by common questions that are typically asked by novices entering the field of attachment. The content of each chapter focuses on answering this overarching question. Topics on the development of attachment are covered from different levels of analysis, including species, individual, and relationship levels, working models of attachment, attachment functions and hierarchies, attachment stability and change over time and across situations, relationship contexts, the cognitive underpinnings of attachment and its activation of enhancement via priming, the interplay between the attachment behavioral system and other behavioral systems, the effects of context on attachment, the contribution of physiology/neurology and genetics to attachment, the associations/differences between attachment and temperament, the conceptualization and measurement of attachment, and the association between attachment and psychopathology/therapy. TEDx talk: The Power of (Secure) Love by Omri Gillath: https://youtu.be/PgIQv-rTGgA - Uses a question-and-answer format to address the most important topics within attachment theory - Presents information in a simple, easy-to-understand way to ensure accessibility for novices in the field of attachment - Covers the main concepts and issues that relate to attachment theory, thus ensuring readers develop a strong foundation in attachment theory that they can then apply to the study of relationships - Addresses future directions in the field of attachment theory - Concisely covers material, ensuring scholars and professionals can quickly get up-to-speed with the most recent research |
| adult attachment interview questions: Don't Try This Alone Kathy Brous, 2018-02-28 Kathy was an overachiever-an economist, technical writer, and classical singer married 27 years to her college sweetheart. It looked like Kathy was fine. But deep within her hid a pain from infancy so severe that a cascade of adult life crises finally triggered it. And once it exploded, the pain was unbearable. Kathy was suffering attachment disorder, a psychological condition potentially affecting almost half the US population. Caused by traumatic stress in the first three years of life, attachment disorder correlates with the nation's 50 percent divorce rate and widespread mental health issues. Yet no one talks about its prevalence, so many sufferers go untreated, forced to live with their pain in silence-without a hint of its cause. This was certainly true for Kathy. But when her initial forays into psychiatric help failed, Kathy decided to treat herself. It was a mistake that almost cost her life. Told with candor and quirky, ironic humor, Don't Try This Alone will resonate with anyone suffering attachment damage. It knows no boundaries; it strikes those who believe they had wonderful childhoods as well as the obviously abused. Yet there's hope! Kathy's story also shows: help and healing are out there. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attached Amir Levine, Rachel Heller, 2010-12-30 “Over a decade after its publication, one book on dating has people firmly in its grip.” —The New York Times We already rely on science to tell us what to eat, when to exercise, and how long to sleep. Why not use science to help us improve our relationships? In this revolutionary book, psychiatrist and neuroscientist Dr. Amir Levine and Rachel Heller scientifically explain why some people seem to navigate relationships effortlessly, while others struggle. Discover how an understanding of adult attachment—the most advanced relationship science in existence today—can help us find and sustain love. Pioneered by psychologist John Bowlby in the 1950s, the field of attachment posits that each of us behaves in relationships in one of three distinct ways: • Anxious people are often preoccupied with their relationships and tend to worry about their partner's ability to love them back. • Avoidant people equate intimacy with a loss of independence and constantly try to minimize closeness. • Secure people feel comfortable with intimacy and are usually warm and loving. Attached guides readers in determining what attachment style they and their mate (or potential mate) follow, offering a road map for building stronger, more fulfilling connections with the people they love. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment from Infancy to Adulthood Klaus E. Grossmann, Karin Grossmann, Everett Waters, 2006-06-23 This volume provides unique and valuable firsthand accounts of the most important longitudinal studies of attachment. Presented are a range of research programs that have broadened our understanding of early close relationships and their role in individual adaptation throughout life. In addition to discussing the findings that emerged from each study, leading investigators offer rare reflections on the process of scientific discovery. Themes addressed include the complexities of designing studies that span years or even decades; challenges in translating theoretical constructs into age-appropriate assessments; how Bowlby's original models have been refined and expanded; and how attachment interacts with other key influences on development. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Adult Attachment in Clinical Social Work Susanne Bennett, Judith Kay Nelson, 2010-09-27 The applicability of attachment theory and research to social work and social policy relating to infants and children is well-established. Yet, its usefulness for enhancing the understanding of adults and their needs, both individually and as a group, has been less featured in the attachment literature. Adult Attachment in Clinical Social Work Practice is a wide-ranging look at attachment theory and research, its application to adults, and its natural fit with the social work profession. This edited volume covers the applicability of adult attachment theory to the clinical social work profession’s various domains that include human behavior, practice, policy, research, and social work education. It addresses the broad spectrum of clinical social work, including practice in a variety of public and private settings and with a number of diverse populations, including racial-ethnic groups, gays and lesbians, trauma survivors, and child welfare parents. The book highlights the underemphasized contribution of the social work profession to the development of attachment theory and research. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Boarding School Syndrome Joy Schaverien, 2015-06-05 Boarding School Syndrome is an analysis of the trauma of the 'privileged' child sent to boarding school at a young age. Innovative and challenging, Joy Schaverien offers a psychological analysis of the long-established British and colonial preparatory and public boarding school tradition. Richly illustrated with pictures and the narratives of adult ex-boarders in psychotherapy, the book demonstrates how some forms of enduring distress in adult life may be traced back to the early losses of home and family. Developed from clinical research and informed by attachment and child development theories ‘Boarding School Syndrome’ is a new term that offers a theoretical framework on which the psychotherapeutic treatment of ex-boarders may build. Divided into four parts, History: In the Name of Privilege; Exile and Healing; Broken Attachments: A Hidden Trauma, and The Boarding School Body, the book includes vivid case studies of ex-boarders in psychotherapy. Their accounts reveal details of the suffering endured: loss, bereavement and captivity are sometimes compounded by physical, sexual and psychological abuse. Here, Joy Schaverien shows how many boarders adopt unconscious coping strategies including dissociative amnesia resulting in a psychological split between the 'home self' and the 'boarding school self'. This pattern may continue into adult life, causing difficulties in intimate relationships, generalized depression and separation anxiety amongst other forms of psychological distress. Boarding School Syndrome demonstrates how boarding school may damage those it is meant to be a reward and discusses the wider implications of this tradition. It will be essential reading for psychoanalysts, Jungian analysts, psychotherapists, art psychotherapists, counsellors and others interested in the psychological, cultural and international legacy of this tradition including ex-boarders and their partners. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Adult Attachment Judith Feeney, Patricia Noller, 1996-06-24 This book draws together the diverse strands of attachment theory into a coherent contemporary account. It examines the links between attachment and other central life tasks such as work, and the issues of conceptualisation and measurement. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Assessment of Couples and Families Len Sperry, 2004 This book represents an up-to-date, comprehensive survey of the major contemporary and cutting-edge tools and strategies used in the clinical assessment of couples and families. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment in the Preschool Years Mark T. Greenberg, Dante Cicchetti, E. Mark Cummings, 1990 This collection of original articles by leading specialists in child development brings together work from diverse backgrounds and disciplines to establish, for the first time, the importance of the preschool period (eighteen months to four years)for parent-child attachment relationships. Balancing theoretical, research-oriented, and clinical papers, Attachment in the Preschool Years provides valuable data and approaches for those working in a wide range of fields, including developmental psychology and psychopathology, child psychiatry, family therapy, pediatrics, nursing, and early childhood education. There is a wealth of information and thought in this book; it does not have a weak or uninteresting chapter, starting with the Preface by Emde, and as a whole, it forms a sort of seminar.—John E. Bates, Contemporary Psychology |
| adult attachment interview questions: Assessing Adult Attachment: A Dynamic-Maturational Approach to Discourse Analysis Patricia McKinsey Crittenden, Andrea Landini, 2011-06-13 A method for identifying the psychological and interpersonal self-protective attachment strategies of adults. This book focuses upon new methods of analysis for adult attachment texts. The authors’ introduce a highly nuanced model—the Dynamic-Maturational Model (DMM)—providing clinicians with a finely-tuned tool for helping patients examine past relationships, in addition to gauging the potential effectiveness of various treatment options. The authors offer a fascinating explanation of the neurobiological underpinnings of DMM, grounded in findings from the cognitive neurosciences about information processing. In this volume, readers have an eminently practical, theoretically-grounded work that is sure to transform many types of therapy. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Understanding Adult Attachment in Family Relationships Antonia Bifulco, Geraldine Thomas, 2013 Adult attachment style is a key framework for understanding problems in human relationships. This practical book introduces and explains an easily accessible assessment tool for adult attachment style, the Attachment Style Interview (ASI). It then discusses appropriate interventions that can be made to help families. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Adult Attachment W. Steven Rholes, Jeffry A. Simpson, 2004-07-12 With contributions from leading investigators, this volume presents important theoretical and empirical advances in the study of adult attachment. Chapters take stock of the state of knowledge in the field and introduce new, testable theoretical models to guide future research. Major topics covered include stability and change of attachment orientations across the lifespan; influences of attachment on cognitive functioning; and implications for the ways individuals experience intimacy, conflict, caregiving, and satisfaction in adult relationships. Also explored are the ways attachment theory and research can inform therapy with couples and can further understanding of such significant clinical problems as PTSD and depression. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Social Work Treatment Francis J. Turner, 2011-03-15 First published in 1974, Social Work Treatment remains the most popular and trusted compendium of theories available to social work students and practitioners. It explores the full range of theoretical approaches that drive social work treatment and knowledge development, from psychoanalysis to crisis intervention. This treasure trove of practice knowledge equips professionals with a broad array of theoretical approaches, each of which shine a spotlight on a different aspect of the human condition. Emphasizing the importance of a broad-based theoretical approach to practice, it helps the reader avoid the pitfalls of becoming overly identified with a narrow focus that limits their understanding of clients and their contexts. This sweeping overview of the field untangles the increasingly complex problems, ideologies, and value sets that define contemporary social work practice. The result is an essential A-to-Z reference that charts the full range of theoretical approaches available to social workers regardless of their setting or specialty. |
| adult attachment interview questions: The Routledge Handbook of Attachment (3 volume set) Paul Holmes, Steve Farnfield, 2022-07-30 The Routledge Handbooks of Attachment provide a uniquely detailed yet accessible approach to attachment. Paul Holmes and Steve Farnfield have assembled an international selection of contributors and here present three volumes covering theory, assessment and implications and interventions. The Routledge Handbook of Attachment: Theory presents a broadly based introduction to attachment theory and associated areas, written in an accessible style by experts from around the world. The book covers the basic theories of attachment and discusses the similarities and differences of the two predominant schools of attachment theory. The Routledge Handbook of Attachment: Assessment provides a detailed discussion of the formal measurement tools available to assess attachment across the age range, including with families. It contains comprehensive chapters on many attachment-based validated procedures for assessing parenting and evaluating risk, to enable professionals to decide what type of assessment is appropriate, who should conduct it and the usefulness of the results. The Routledge Handbook of Attachment: Implications and Interventions offers an introduction to therapies produced as a result of the popularity of attachment studies. These therapies can be divided into two categories: those that are ‘attachment-based’, in that they use evidence-based attachment assessments in their development, or ‘attachment-informed’, in that the theories of attachment have been integrated into the practice of existing schools of therapy. The Routledge Handbooks of Attachment are indispensable guides for clinical psychologists, psychiatrists and social workers working with and assessing children and families, clinicians in training and students. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment and Development Susan Goldberg, 2014-02-25 First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company. |
| adult attachment interview questions: The Handy Psychology Answer Book Lisa J Cohen, 2011-01-01 Featuring more than 800 answers to questions of how the human mind and the science of psychology really work, this fascinating discussion gives readers the real facts of modern psychology in a fun, approachable way. Avoiding the entertainment fluff of pop psychology and the dryness of overly academic works, this exploration gives insight into the current science of the mind by answering questions questions such as What makes a marriage last? Why do toddlers have temper tantrums? and What are the benefits of getting older? In addition to the question-and-answer section, an overview looks at the psychology of money, sex, morality, and everyday living. |
| adult attachment interview questions: A Guide to the Standard EMDR Protocols for Clinicians, Supervisors, and Consultants Andrew M. Leeds, PhD, 2009-06-22 This is an excellent guide to the theory and practice of EMDR. It provides great clarity to readers unsure of how this therapy is conducted. If you want to know about EMDR, this is the book to have. Score: 100, 5 stars --Doody's Learning to use EMDR safely and effectively requires the integration of a wide range of knowledge and skills. This guide serves as an orientation to the clinical, professional, and risk management issues that EMDR practitioners face in their daily practice. Following the eight-phase model of EMDR, the book provides clear, detailed guidelines to utilizing the standard EMDR protocols for treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, phobias, and panic attacks. Included are guidelines for case formulation, treatment planning, and preparing patients for EMDR reprocessing. The guide also contains sample consultation agreements and forms for documenting case summaries and treatment outcomes. Key features: Includes charts, forms, illustrations, tables, and decision trees to guide treatment planning and documentation Presents case studies with transcripts illustrating the different protocols, as well as guidelines for informed decision making Discusses ethical issues in clinical application, consultation, supervision, and research With clear, concise treatment guidelines on the clinical use of EMDR, this book serves as an invaluable resource for practicing clinicians, supervisors, consultants, and clinic directors. |
| adult attachment interview questions: The Psychology of Attachment Robbie Duschinsky, Pehr Granqvist, Tommie Forslund, 2023-08-15 What do we actually mean by ‘attachment’? How do different caregiving styles impact attachment in children? How do early caregiving experiences impact later development? The Psychology of Attachment is an essential introduction to attachment, offering an accessible explanation of the theory, unpicking common misunderstandings, and providing a balanced overview of key research findings. Topics covered include the following: The development of attachment during the first few years of life The impact of different caregiving behaviours on children’s attachment relationships The influence of attachment relationships on children’s behaviour and development The development of attachment relationships from infancy to adulthood Attachment in romantic relationships and religion Attachment-based interventions This unique book introduces the reader to new ways of thinking about the role of relationships, caregiving, and child development, and the way in which they shape our lives. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment in Intellectual and Developmental Disability Helen K. Fletcher, Andrea Flood, Dougal Julian Hare, 2016-05-23 Attachment in Intellectual and Developmental Disability “Skillfully introduced and edited by Helen Fletcher and her colleagues, this long-needed collection of excellent chapters on attachment and disability reveals the vast wellspring of resilience that persons with disability possess – or can be helped to achieve. Readers will discover how best to support a family member, client or friend with a ‘disability’. A definitive resource for multiple disciplines, this book is surely required reading for all those working in the health professions aimed at addressing the needs of those with severe physical, mental or emotional impairments.” Professor Howard Steele, New School for Social Research “This informative, comprehensive text is unique, and is destined to become an invaluable national and international resource on attachment issues in the field of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Given the breadth and depth of this book, practitioners can use it both as a guide in practice and as a resource for research purposes. Both the editors and contributors are to be congratulated for introducing attachment theory to a wider audience, who will all, I am sure, appreciate the centrality and importance of this theoretical framework to their everyday practice.” Professor Bob Gates, University of West London This title in The Wiley Series in Clinical Psychology is the first to explore the role of attachment theory in understanding and helping children and adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). There is a growing evidence base of interventions for IDD underpinned by attachment theory, including direct intervention and the application of attachment theory to understand the interactions and relationships that occur between individuals with IDD and those who support them. Attachment in Intellectual and Developmental Disability brings together leading clinicians and researchers to present and integrate cutting-edge models and approaches that have previously been accessible only to specialists. They discuss the role of attachment theory in clinical practice when working across the lifespan of people with IDD, the theoretical basis of attachment difficulties, and how these difficulties are presented. They also discuss practical approaches to assessment and intervention, using clear case studies to illustrate the applications of attachment theory to clinical work. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment, Trauma and Multiplicity, Second Edition Valerie Sinason, 2010-12-09 This Revised Edition of Attachment, Trauma and Multiplicity investigates the subject of Dissociative Identity Disorder. With brand new chapters on police work and attachment theory it has been fully updated to include new research and the latest understanding of patterns of attachment theory that lead to dissociation. With contributions from psychotherapists, psychiatrists, psychoanalysts and service users this book covers the background history and a description of the condition along with the issues of diagnoses and treatment. It also looks at: the phenomenon of DID the conflicting models of the human mind that have been found to try and understand DID the political conflict over the subject including problems for the police clinical accounts and personal writing of people with DID. Attachment, Trauma and Multiplicity, Second Edition will prove essential reading for therapists and mental health workers as well as being a valuable resource for graduates and researchers. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment and Human Survival Marci Green, Marc Scholes, 2018-04-24 What is it about childhood experiences that influence the kind of adult we become? For John Bowlby and others who developed Attachment theory, much of the answer lies in the quality of early attachments to our primary caregivers. When those attachments are secure, we can develop a safe sense of self. When insecure, we may go on seeking safety throughout our lives, in inappropriate and painful ways. Attachment, argued Bowlby, is a matter for individual and species survival.Using principles pioneered by Bowlby, this volume explores the importance of attachments to individuals and communities. Drawing on the work of leading figures in the field of Attachment research and clinical practice, this book introduces readers to the basic ideas and applications of Attachment theory. Chapters explore, for example, the role of attachment experience in brain development, the cultural and institutional contexts in which attachment systems operate, the political consequences of personal suffering and the uses of Attachment theory in psychotherapy. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Adult Attachment Patterns in a Treatment Context Sarah Daniel, 2014-08-27 Attachment theory posits that the need for attachment is a life-long phenomenon that becomes especially relevant in times of crisis or trauma. When adults experience illness, accidents, assaults, psychological difficulties or losses, their attachment-behavioural systems are activated, motivating them to seek help and support from family and friends and/or from helping professionals. However, the resulting request for help is affected and shaped by earlier experiences regarding the support and trustworthiness of attachment figures. Can others be trusted? Is it safe to show vulnerability? How should one behave to increase the likelihood of receiving the help needed? Adult Attachment Patterns in a Treatment Context provides an integrated introduction to the subject of adult attachment. Research into adult attachment patterns offers professional helpers a theoretically sound insight into the dynamics underlying a range of client behaviours, including some of the more puzzling and frustrating behaviours such as denying obvious pain or continually pushing the professional for more personal involvement. Sarah Daniel shows how applying knowledge of attachment patterns to treatment settings will improve the way in which professionals engage with clients and the organization of treatments. This book will be relevant to a range of helping professionals such as psychotherapists, psychologists and social workers, both in practice and in training. |
| adult attachment interview questions: A Guide to the Standard EMDR Therapy Protocols for Clinicians, Supervisors, and Consultants Andrew M. Leeds, PhD, 2016-02-03 Praise for the First Edition: This is an excellent guide to the theory and practice of EMDR. It provides great clarity to readers unsure of how this therapy is conducted. If you want to know about EMDR, this is the book to have. -Score: 100, 5 starsóDoody's This second edition of an acclaimed guide to the theory and practice of EMDR provides updated information regarding new evidence for its treatment efficacy and an in-depth presentation of state-of-the-art research on its mechanisms of action. The book reviews outcome studies suggesting EMDR's effectiveness for diagnoses beyond PTSD along with studies on its use for treatment of depression, with cancer patients, and with groups. It surveys new strategies on advanced EMDR therapy topics such as when treating dissociative and personality disorders, along with references for more in-depth information. The second edition also provides an expanded glossary and extensively updated references, and reflects changes corresponding to the DSM 5. The book delivers clear, concise treatment guidelines for students, practicing clinicians, supervisors, clinic directors, and hospital administrators involved in the treatment of those with PTSD, Specific Phobias, and Panic Disorder. For researchers conducting treatment outcome studies it provides easy-to-access treatment guidelines and a comprehensive set of fidelity checklists for all aspects of EMDR therapy. A multitude of new charts, forms, scripts, illustrations, tables and decision trees present key information clearly and concisely to guide treatment planning and documentation. Case studies with transcripts illustrate the different protocols and further guide practitioners of EMDR therapy in informed decision-making. New to the Second Edition: Describes updated information on mechanisms of action of EMDR therapy Presents new evidence-based EMDR therapy Delivers outcome studies for the use of EMDR with a broad range of diagnoses Surveys new research about using EMDR with cancer patients and those with severe depression Discusses the evolution of the theory of memory networks in EMDR therapy Examines the effectiveness of Bilateral Stimulation on adaptive memories and images Reflects changes resulting from DSM 5 Includes extensively updated and expanded references and glossary Provides new charts, forms, scripts, illustrations, decision trees and case studies illustrating different protocols Key Features: Presents an easy-to-use set of forms and scripts Focuses on safety and efficiency of EMDR therapy in many situations Expands AIP model regarding using EMDR to resolve psychological defenses Discusses ethical issues in clinical application, consultation, supervision, and research |
| adult attachment interview questions: Ava's Bedside: Making Sense Through Attachment Nobo Komagata, Sachiko Komagata, 2008 How many of us are fully making sense of our lives? Ava's Bedside introduces a fable in which a dying hippo struggles with this question. Through conversation with other hippos, she finally realizes what is missing from her life. This book also contains a detailed commentary on the fable. The commentary discusses the importance of secure child-parent attachment for a meaningful life, referring to ideas in attachment theory. |
| adult attachment interview questions: The Mentalization Guidebook Janne Oestergaard Hagelquist, 2018-05-08 This book provides inspiration for using mentalization when working with vulnerable children, adolescents, and their families. It includes the basic models of mentalization and provides ways to support the neglected and traumatised to find a better understanding of themselves and their struggles. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment Disorganization Judith Solomon, Carol George, 1999-08-13 Since 1986, when disorganized attachment was first defined by Mary Main and Judith Solomon, a great deal of interest has been shown in this addition to the standard Ainsworth classification system. This groundbreaking volume brings together eminent researchers and clinicians to present current, original theory and data on the nature of disorganized attachment, its etiology, and its sequelae. Contributors report on the social, psychological, and biological contributions to disorganization. Longitudinal findings are presented on developmental outcomes in middle childhood; special populations are examined, including children with disabilities; and new assessment methodologies are described. Advancing our understanding of a significant subgroup of infants and children with attachment-related difficulties, the volume represents an important contribution to the empirical attachment literature. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Teenage Pregnancy Anne L Dean, 2013-05-13 Unwed teenage pregnancy is a national problem - and a puzzle for clinicians and social psychologists. For how are we to understand a pattern of behavior that is strongly motivated and yet likely to end in unfortunate outcomes? Moreover, why does the pattern of unwed teenage pregnancy repeat in successivegenerations in some families, despite education and previous experience, whereas in other families the pattern is broken? Reporting on intensive social and psychological research in a rural African American community in Louisiana, Anne Dean offers a compelling view of this phenomenon that integrates historical and economic analysis with a sensitive psychological inquiry into the minds of mothers and daughters and the patterns of communication between them. Teenage Pregnancy: The Interaction of Psyche and Culture transcends earlier investigations by going beyond conventional research strategies to test psychodynamic theories about the formation of internal worlds. Drawing on the work of Erik Erikson and Hans Loewald, Dean not only finds empirical justification for psychodynamic theories of psychic structure, but also extends the scope and methodology of attachment research in an exciting new direction. Specifically, her analysis reveals how different kinds of attachment relationships between mothers and daughters manifest themselves in adolescence as internal working models that become the templates for interpreting, and acting upon, contradictory economic, social, and familial expectations. In demonstrating how social factors and cultural schemas interact with psychodynamic motives and structures, Teenage Pregnancy has widespread applicability to social science research in general. And it offers psychodynamically oriented clinicians working with adolescents the opportunity to become better acquainted with the ways in which mother-daughter relationships gain expression in the identity choices of teenage girls. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment in Religion and Spirituality Pehr Granqvist, 2020-03-06 The primary aim of this book is to examine the ways in which aspects of religion and spirituality are linked to emotional attachment processes and close relationships. My approach is heavily influenced by John Bowlby's attachment theory and the enormous amount of research it has generated in developmental, social, and clinical psychology. A major aim of this book is to demonstrate the utility of approaching religion and spirituality from the perspective of a mainstream theory in developmental, social, and clinical psychology. This book will educate readers who are not yet familiar with attachment theory and the attachment-theoretical approach to religion and spirituality-- |
| adult attachment interview questions: Computational Neurology and Psychiatry Péter Érdi, Basabdatta Sen Bhattacharya, Amy L. Cochran, 2017-01-25 This book presents the latest research in computational methods for modeling and simulating brain disorders. In particular, it shows how mathematical models can be used to study the relationship between a given disorder and the specific brain structure associated with that disorder. It also describes the emerging field of computational psychiatry, including the study of pathological behavior due to impaired functional connectivity, pathophysiological activity, and/or aberrant decision-making. Further, it discusses the data analysis techniques that will be required to analyze the increasing amount of data being generated about the brain. Lastly, the book offers some tips on the application of computational models in the field of quantitative systems pharmacology. Mainly written for computational scientists eager to discover new application fields for their model, this book also benefits neurologists and psychiatrists wanting to learn about new methods. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Jane on the Brain Wendy Jones, 2017-12-05 An Austen scholar and therapist reveals Jane Austen's intuitive ability to imbue her characters with hallmarks of social intelligence—and how these beloved works of literature can further illuminate the mind-brain connection. Why is Jane Austen so phenomenally popular? Why do we read Pride and Prejudice again and again? Why do we delight in Emma’s mischievous schemes? Why do we care that Anne Elliot of Persuasion suffers? We care because it is our biological destiny to be interested in people and their stories—the human brain is a social brain, and Austen’s characters are so believable that, for many of us, they are not just imaginary beings, but friends whom we know and love. And thanks to Austen’s ability to capture the breadth and depth of human psychology so thoroughly, we feel that she empathizes with us. Humans have a profound need for empathy, to know that we are not alone with our joys and sorrows. We see ourselves and others reflected in Austen’s work. Social intelligence is one of the most highly developed human traits when compared with other animals. How did it evolve? Why is it so valuable? Wendy Jones explores the many facets of social intelligence and juxtaposes them with the Austen cannon. Brilliantly original and insightful, this fusion of psychology, neuroscience, and literature provides a heightened understanding of one of our most beloved cultural institutions—and our own minds. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment Theory and Research Jeffry A. Simpson, W. Steven Rholes, 2015-02-20 This volume showcases the latest theoretical and empirical work from some of the top scholars in attachment. Extending classic themes and describing important new applications, the book examines several ways in which attachment processes help explain how people think, feel, and behave in different situations and at different stages in the life cycle. Topics include the effects of early experiences on adult relationships; new developments in neuroscience and genetics; attachment orientations and parenting; connections between attachment and psychopathology, as well as health outcomes; and the relationship of attachment theory and processes to clinical interventions. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Attachment in Middle Childhood: Theoretical Advances and New Directions in an Emerging Field Guy Bosmans, Kathryn A. Kerns, 2015-06-17 One of the critical factors in early development is the formation of a secure attachment, and it continues to be important for older children's responses to psychological stressors like hurt pride, fear, and sadness. This volume provides a timely review of research to date, describing important insights that have both theoretical and clinical importance as well as identifying remaining gaps in our understanding. Summarizing the most relevant findings, this volume is important for theory on child (attachment) development, and also for clinicians to broaden their understanding of the importance of middle childhood attachment processes for understanding the development of children’s behavior problems and for designing effective treatment strategies. This is the 148th volume in this Jossey-Bass series New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development. Its mission is to provide scientific and scholarly presentations on cutting edge issues and concepts in this subject area. Each volume focuses on a specific new direction or research topic and is edited by experts from that field. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Mentalizing in the Development and Treatment of Attachment Trauma Jon G Allen, 2018-03-08 This book brings together the latest knowledge from attachment research and neuroscience to provide a new approach to treating trauma for therapists from different professional disciplines and diverse theoretical backgrounds. The field of trauma suffers from fragmentation as brands of therapy proliferate in relation to a multiplicity of psychiatric disorders. This fragmentation calls for a fresh clinical approach to treating trauma. Pinpointing at once the problem and potential solution, the author places the experience of being psychologically alone in unbearable emotional states at the heart of trauma in attachment relationships. This trauma results from a failure of mentalizing, that is, empathic attunement to emotional distress. Psychotherapy offers an opportunity for healing by restoring mentalizing, that is, fostering psychological attunement in the context of secure attachment relationships-in the psychotherapy relationship and in other attachment relationships. The book gives a unique overview of common attachment patterns in childhood and adulthood, setting the stage for understanding attachment trauma, which is most conspicuous in maltreatment but also more subtly evident in early and repeated failures of attunement in attachment relationships. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Developing Adoption Support and Therapy Barry Luckock, Angie Hart, 2004-07-20 Adoption is currently taking centre stage in family policy in the UK and USA, with new legislation that places emphasis on providing and maintaining permanent family homes for children separated from their families of origin. This book explores the challenges of adoption and how best to support families coping with these demands. Angie Hart and Barry Luckock draw together adoptive parents' experiences, professional practice and empirical research to provide an integrative account of adoption support services. Using three fictional families, they illustrate issues such as the adoption of older children, single, lesbian and gay adoptive parenting and the importance of openness in adoptive relationships. The authors bring sociological and anthropological perspectives to bear on current developmental psychology models of trauma and attachment and examine the effectiveness of various therapeutic interventions. Developing Adoption Support and Therapy will make current research and legislation on adoption support accessible to therapists, parents, social work practitioners and managers alike. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Ferenczi’s Influence on Contemporary Psychoanalytic Traditions Aleksandar Dimitrijević, Gabriele Cassullo, Jay Frankel, 2018-06-27 This collection covers all the topics relevant for understanding the importance of Sándor Ferenczi and his influence on contemporary psychoanalysis. Pre-eminent Ferenczi scholars were solicited to contribute succint reviews of their fields of expertise. The book is divided in five sections. 'The historico-biographical' describes Ferenczi's childhood and student days, his marriage, brief analyses with Freud, his correspondences and contributions to daily press in Budapest, list of his patients' true identities, and a paper about his untimely death. 'The development of Ferenczi's ideas' reviews his ideas before his first encounter with psychoanalysis, his relationship with peers, friendship with Groddeck, emancipation from Freud, and review of the importance of his Clinical Diary. The third section reviews Ferenczi's clinical concepts and work: trauma, unwelcome child, wise baby, identification with aggressor, mutual analysis, and many others. In 'Echoes', we follow traces of Ferenczi's influence on virtually all traditions in contemporary psychoanalysis: interpersonal, independent, Kleinian, Lacanian, relational, etc. |
| adult attachment interview questions: Hurting Memories and Beneficial Forgetting Michael Linden, Krzysztof Rutkowski, 2013-01-07 Memories are indispensable for individuals as well as social groups. Forgetting not only means loss of functioning but also loss of identity. Memories can also be hurting and cause problems, as research on posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) has shown. This is true for individuals as well as social groups and even societies. Memories and especially negative memories can escape the control of the individual. Many political conflicts can only be understood when taking history and memories into account. In this volume a comprehensive scientific overview is given on the development of hurting memories in individuals and societies. Consequences are described, i.e. from mental disorders in individuals, like PTSD or other neurotic disorders, to societal tensions and conflicts, from South Africa to Northern Europe. Additionally, beneficial forgetting is discussed, from treatments of individuals to reconciliation between social groups. The contrasting of hurting memories and beneficial forgetting can help to understand, that memories can have positive and negative results and that it is difficult to decide when to support memories and when forgetting. - Bringing individual and societal memories in coincetion - the benefit is a new perspective on the interactrion between individuals and society - Pointing to possible negative consequences of memory - the benefit is a new perspective of an important but under recognized scientific and clinical problem - Presenting modes of treatment and reconciliation for individuals and social groups - an overview which can't be found elsewhere |
abbreviations - What do CI, CIM, CID, CIB mean? - English …
Apr 9, 2014 · I was talking to a friend about a girl, and he mentioned that “She can pretty much CI anything, CIB, CIM or CID.” I’m wondering what these mean. The context was sexual …
possessives - adults’ English teacher or adult’s English teacher ...
Sep 6, 2019 · Use a noun adjunct. "I am an adult English teacher." It still has ambiguity, namely whether you are an adult who teaches English or whether you teach English to adults, but my …
Referring to adult-age sons and daughters as children
Dec 21, 2012 · "adult children" is sometimes used in contexts where age is important, such as a form requiring someone to list all children under 18 and all adult children living with them. And …
Specific word for "grown-up children"? [duplicate]
Mar 5, 2014 · There is a group the ACA (Adult Children of Alcoholics) whose website is adultchildren.org So, this is definitely a common usage. – David M Commented Mar 4, 2014 at …
single word requests - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
From the Wikipedia entry for 'young adult': A young/prime adult, according to Erik Erikson's stages of human development, is generally a person between the age of 20 - 40, whereas an …
Use of 'as per' vs 'per' - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
Similarly, cops cop: instead of "a man" we find employed "an adult male individual". Tinhorns have to blow hard--such is the nature of tin--and so come to be known as blowhards. *"per" is here …
What do you call a person who has a relationship with a much …
Aug 20, 2015 · Stack Exchange Network. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for …
Can "Mr", "Mrs", etc. be used with a first name?
Jan 7, 2012 · As Mr. England's post indicates, common usage dictates the rules, not the other way around. And in the South, this is very common and accepted. It can be a bit rude (or at …
How offensive is it to call someone a "slag" in British English?
One more colorful slang term I gleaned from the British movie I recently watched is slag. In the movie, it was used in curses like, "Fuck-ing dogs! Slags." "Right slag, that one." Now I know via
问问前辈们，有什么适合打R18mod的steam游戏吗？ - 知乎
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业 …
abbreviations - What do CI, CIM, CID, CIB mean? - English …
Apr 9, 2014 · I was talking to a friend about a girl, and he mentioned that “She can pretty much CI anything, CIB, CIM or CID.” I’m wondering what these mean. The context was sexual …
possessives - adults’ English teacher or adult’s English teacher ...
Sep 6, 2019 · Use a noun adjunct. "I am an adult English teacher." It still has ambiguity, namely whether you are an adult who teaches English or whether you teach English to adults, but my …
Referring to adult-age sons and daughters as children
Dec 21, 2012 · "adult children" is sometimes used in contexts where age is important, such as a form requiring someone to list all children under 18 and all adult children living with them. And …
Specific word for "grown-up children"? [duplicate]
Mar 5, 2014 · There is a group the ACA (Adult Children of Alcoholics) whose website is adultchildren.org So, this is definitely a common usage. – David M Commented Mar 4, 2014 at …
single word requests - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
From the Wikipedia entry for 'young adult': A young/prime adult, according to Erik Erikson's stages of human development, is generally a person between the age of 20 - 40, whereas an …
Use of 'as per' vs 'per' - English Language & Usage Stack Exchange
Similarly, cops cop: instead of "a man" we find employed "an adult male individual". Tinhorns have to blow hard--such is the nature of tin--and so come to be known as blowhards. *"per" is here …
What do you call a person who has a relationship with a much …
Aug 20, 2015 · Stack Exchange Network. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for …
Can "Mr", "Mrs", etc. be used with a first name?
Jan 7, 2012 · As Mr. England's post indicates, common usage dictates the rules, not the other way around. And in the South, this is very common and accepted. It can be a bit rude (or at …
How offensive is it to call someone a "slag" in British English?
One more colorful slang term I gleaned from the British movie I recently watched is slag. In the movie, it was used in curses like, "Fuck-ing dogs! Slags." "Right slag, that one." Now I know via
问问前辈们，有什么适合打R18mod的steam游戏吗？ - 知乎
知乎，中文互联网高质量的问答社区和创作者聚集的原创内容平台，于 2011 年 1 月正式上线，以「让人们更好的分享知识、经验和见解，找到自己的解答」为品牌使命。知乎凭借认真、专业 …
