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anatomy of a cathedral: Skull Cathedral Melissa Wiley, 2020-09 |
anatomy of a cathedral: An Anatomy of a Priory Church: The Archaeology, History and Conservation of St Mary’s Priory Church, Abergavenny George Nash, 2015-04-30 Based on documentary evidence, the Priory Church of St Marys in Abergavenny has been a place of worship since the late 11th century; this book traces the archaeology, history and conservation of this most impressive building, delving deep into its anatomy. |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia: Anatomy , 1830 |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Spire William Golding, 2013-11-05 Succumb to one churchman's apocalyptic vision in this prophetic tale by the radical Nobel Laureate and author of Lord of the Flies, William Golding (recorded by Benedict Cumberbatch as an audiobook). There were three sorts of people. Those who ran, those who stayed, and those who were built in. Dean Jocelin has a vision: that God has chosen him to erect a great spire. His master builder fearfully advises against it, for the old cathedral was miraculously built without foundations. But Jocelin is obsessed with fashioning his prayer in stone. As his halo of hair grows wilder and his dark angel darker, the spire rises octagon upon octagon, pinnacle by pinnacle, watched over by the gargoyles - until the stone pillars shriek, the earth beneath creeps, and the spire's shadow falls like an axe on the medieval world below ... 'Astounding ... So recklessly beautiful, so sad and so strange ... Holds such a place in my soul that it's more or less a sacred text.' Sarah Perry 'A kind of miracle ... Genius.' Guardian ' Quite simply, a marvel.' NYRB ' Superb ... A classic.' Rebecca West 'A master fabulist .. An iconoclast.' John Fowles 'A visionary ... His masterwork [of] faith, folly and desperate desire ... Golding at his best.' Benjamin Myers |
anatomy of a cathedral: Biographical Illustrations of St. Paul's Cathedral George Lewis Smyth, 1843 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Cathedral David Macaulay, 1973 This richly illustrated book shows the intricate step-by-step process of an imaginary cathedral's growth. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Votive Body Parts in Greek and Roman Religion Jessica Hughes, 2017-04-06 This book examines a type of object that was widespread and very popular in classical antiquity - votive offerings in the shape of parts of the human body. It collects examples from four principal areas and time periods: Classical Greece, pre-Roman Italy, Roman Gaul and Roman Asia Minor. It uses a compare-and-contrast methodology to highlight differences between these sets of votives, exploring the implications for our understandings of how beliefs about the body changed across classical antiquity. The book also looks at how far these ancient beliefs overlap with, or differ from, modern ideas about the body and its physical and conceptual boundaries. Central themes of the book include illness and healing, bodily fragmentation, human-animal hybridity, transmission and reception of traditions, and the mechanics of personal transformation in religious rituals. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Lombard Architecture Arthur Kingsley Porter, 1916 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Design & Intuition Cecilia Lewis Kausel, 2012 Scholarship has sought to explain design primarily as developments and trends by understanding the influential ideas of a period. These processes are resourceful to the analysis, however they don't explain why people become attached to design and cultivate it in time. For this purpose we must also gain understanding of collective cognitive processes and the meaning of design to people.The study traces the development of respective design observed first in ancient structures, and then in interiors and artefacts that are associated to architecture by design. Design form migrates usually from technology to material culture (i.e. from buildings to interiors and crafts), though this direction is not fixed in creativity. Sometimes this pattern is not followed, and arches, pilasters, tower crenellations and pediments appear in historic costume. Technology holds implications for visual culture, thus this study also looks at the inspiration in mechanical instruments observed in XXI century design.As the book unfolds a cultural phenomenon emerges. Architectural evocations in other crafts reflect that the public has its own dialogue with design. The attachments and responses of the public to design are many times a phenomenon worthy of being analyzed. The book gives out interesting findings about the mind and how it transforms design. It also exemplifies a new methodology for the observation of collective responses to design. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Anatomy of Architecture George Mansell, 1979 Pantheon, Rome - Colesseum, Rome - Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris - Doge's Palace, Venice - St. Peter's, Rome - Sacre Couer, Paris - Crystal Palace, London - Pompidou Centre, Paris - Sydney Opera House. |
anatomy of a cathedral: A New Anatomy of Ireland Toby Christopher Barnard, 2004-01-01 What was life like for Irish Protestants between the mid-17th and the late-18th centuries? Toby Barnard scrutinizes social attitudes and structures in every segment of Protestant society during this formative period. |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Medieval Monastery Roger Rosewell, 2012-11-20 An illustrated look at life in abbeys and priories, and within the monastic orders, in the middle ages. Monasteries are among the most intriguing and enduring symbols of Britain's medieval heritage. Simultaneously places of prayer and spirituality, power and charity, learning and invention, they survive today as haunting ruins, great houses and as some of our most important cathedrals and churches. This book examines the growth of monasticism and the different orders of monks; the architecture and administration of monasteries; the daily life of monks and nuns; the art of monasteries and their libraries; their role in caring for the poor and sick; their power and wealth; their decline and suppression; and their ruin and rescue. With beautiful photographs, it illustrates some of Britain's finest surviving monastic buildings such as the cloisters of Gloucester Cathedral and the awe-inspiring ruins of Rievaulx Abbey in North Yorkshire. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Cathedrals of France Auguste Rodin, 1981 |
anatomy of a cathedral: New York Underground Julia Solis, 2020-10-28 Did alligators ever really live in New York's sewers? What's it like to explore the old aqueducts beneath the city? How many levels are beneath Grand Central Station? And how exactly did the pneumatic tube system that New York's post offices used to employ work? In this richly illustrated historical tour of New York's vast underground systems, Julia Solis answers all these questions and much, much more. New York Underground takes readers through ingenious criminal escape routes, abandoned subway stations, and dark crypts beneath lower Manhattan to expose the city's basic anatomy. While the city is justly famous for what lies above ground, its underground passages are equally legendary and tell us just as much about how the city works. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Modernism and American Mid-20th Century Sacred Architecture Anat Geva, 2018-10-08 Mid-20th century sacred architecture in America sought to bridge modernism with religion by abstracting cultural and faith traditions and pushing the envelope in the design of houses of worship. Modern architects embraced the challenges of creating sacred spaces that incorporated liturgical changes, evolving congregations, modern architecture, and innovations in building technology. The book describes the unique context and design aspects of the departure from historicism, and the renewal of heritage and traditions with ground-breaking structural features, deliberate optical effects and modern aesthetics. The contributions, from a pre-eminent group of scholars and practitioners from the US, Australia, and Europe are based on original archival research, historical documents, and field visits to the buildings discussed. Investigating how the authority of the divine was communicated through new forms of architectural design, these examinations map the materiality of liturgical change and communal worship during the mid-20th century. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Ebook: Vertebrates: Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution Kenneth Kardong, 2014-10-16 This one-semester text is designed for an upper-level majors course. Vertebrates features a unique emphasis on function and evolution of vertebrates, complete anatomical detail, and excellent pedagogy. Vertebrate groups are organized phylogenetically, and their systems discussed within such a context. Morphology is foremost, but the author has developed and integrated an understanding of function and evolution into the discussion of anatomy of the various systems. |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Anatomical Record , 1908 |
anatomy of a cathedral: The History and Antiquities of the University of Oxford Anthony à Wood, 1796 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Anatomy of Design Steven Heller, Mirko Ilic, 2009-03-01 DIVAnatomy of Design dissects fifty examples of graphic design piece by piece, revealing an array of influences and inspirations. These pieces represent contemporary artifacts that are well conceived, finely crafted, and filled with hidden treasures. Some are overtly complex. Others are so simple that it is hard to believe there’s a storehouse of inspiration hidden underneath. The selections include all kinds of design work including posters, packages, and more. Each exhibit is selected for its ubiquity, thematic import, and aesthetic significance, and every page shows howgreat work is derived from various inspirational and physical sources, some well-known, some unknown./div |
anatomy of a cathedral: Anatomy of a Nation Dominic Selwood, 2021-09-23 From an obscure, misty archipelago on the fringes of the Roman world to history's largest empire and originator of the world's mongrel, magpie language - this is Britain's past. But, today, Britain is experiencing an acute trauma of identity, pulled simultaneously towards its European, Atlantic and wider heritages. To understand the dislocation and collapse, we must look back: to Britain's evolution, achievements, complexities and tensions. In a ground-breaking new take on British identity, historian and barrister Dominic Selwood explores over 950,000 years of British history by examining 50 documents that tell the story of what makes Britain unique. Some of these documents are well-known. Most are not. Each reveal something important about Britain and its people. From Anglo-Saxon poetry, medieval folk music and the first Valentine's Day letter to the origin of computer code, Hitler's kill list of prominent Britons, the Sex Pistols' graphic art and the Brexit referendum ballot paper, Anatomy of a Nation reveals a Britain we have never seen before. People are at the heart of the story: a female charioteer queen from Wetwang, a plague surviving graffiti artist, a drunken Bible translator, outlandish Restoration rakehells, canting criminals, the eccentric fathers of modern typography and the bankers who caused the finance crisis. Selwood vividly blends human stories with the selected 50 documents to bring out the startling variety and complexity of Britain's achievements and failures in a fresh and incisive insight into the British psyche. This is history the way it is supposed to be told: a captivating and entertaining account of the people that built Britain. |
anatomy of a cathedral: A History of the Church in the Middle Ages F Donald Logan, 2012-10-02 In this fascinating survey, F. Donald Logan introduces the reader to the Christian church, from the conversion of the Celtic and Germanic peoples through to the discovery of the New World. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Nineteenth-century Oxford Michael G. Brock, Mark C. Curthoys, 1997 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Journeys and Destinations Alex Norman, 2013-07-16 Journeys and Destinations: Studies in Travel, Identity, and Meaning brings together scholarship from diverse fields all focused on either practices of journeying, or destinations to which such journeys lead. Common across the contributions herein are threads that indicate travel as a core component — as a concept or a practice — of the fabric of identity and meaning. |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Saturday Magazine ... , 1833 |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Way We Work David Macaulay, 2008-10-07 In this comprehensive and entertaining resource, David Macaulay reveals the inner workings of the human body as only he could. In order to present this complicated subject in an accurate and entertaining way, he put in years of research. He sat in on anatomy classes, dissections, and even reached inside the rib cages of two cadavers to compare their spleen sizes. He observed numerous surgeries, including a ten-hour procedure where a diseased pancreas was removed, as well as one where a worn-out old knee was replaced by a brand new one. This hands-on investigation gives Macaulay a unique perspective to lead his readers on a visual journey through the workings of the human body. The seven sections within the book take us from the cells that form our foundation to the individual systems they build. Each beautifully illustrated spread details different aspects of our complex structure, explaining the function of each and offering up-close glimpses, unique cross-sections and perspectives, and even a little humor along the way. This one-of-a-kind book can serve as a reference for children, families, teachers, and anyone who has questions about how his or her body works. When readers see how David Macaulay builds a body and explains the way it works, they will come away with a new appreciation of the amazing world inside them. |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Restorative Poetics of a Geological Age Timothy Attanucci, 2020-09-21 This book examines two mid-nineteenth century thinkers – the Austrian writer Adalbert Stifter and the French architect Eugène E. Viollet-le-Duc – who imagined cultural history on the model of earth history: as a history of objects to be restored and worlds to be reconstructed. The nascent field of geology shaped cultural thought; their conservationism, informed by erosion, envisions a future of restorative renewal. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Violence and the Genesis of the Anatomical Image Rose Marie San Juan, 2022-11-28 Nothing excited early modern anatomists more than touching a beating heart. In his 1543 treatise, Andreas Vesalius boasts that he was able to feel life itself through the membranes of a heart belonging to a man who had just been executed, a comment that appears near the woodcut of a person being dissected while still hanging from the gallows. In this highly original book, Rose Marie San Juan confronts the question of violence in the making of the early modern anatomical image. Engaging the ways in which power operated in early modern anatomical images in Europe and, to a lesser extent, its colonies, San Juan examines literal violence upon bodies in a range of civic, religious, pedagogical, and “exploratory” contexts. She then works through the question of how bodies were thought to be constituted—systemic or piecemeal, singular or collective—and how gender determines this question of constitution. In confronting the issue of violence in the making of the anatomical image, San Juan explores not only how violence transformed the body into a powerful and troubling double but also how this kind of body permeated attempts to produce knowledge about the world at large. Provocative and challenging, this book will be of significant interest to scholars across fields in early modern studies, including art history and visual culture, science, and medicine. |
anatomy of a cathedral: A-I James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, 1855 |
anatomy of a cathedral: A Hand-Book for Oxford ... By a Graduate , 1841 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine , 1861 |
anatomy of a cathedral: A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, 1865 |
anatomy of a cathedral: A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, 1847 |
anatomy of a cathedral: A Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words, Obsolete Phrases, Proverbs, and Ancient Customs, from the Fourteenth Century James Orchard Halliwell-Phillipps, 1860 |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Spectator , 1869 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Winkles's Architectural and Picturesque Illustrations of the Cathedral Churches of England and Wales: Salisbury cathedral. Canterbury cathedral. York cathedral. St. Paul's cathedral. Wells cathedral. Rochester cathedral. Winchester cathedral Henry Winkles, 1836 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Decimal Classification and Relativ Index for Libraries, Clippings, Notes, Etc Melvil Dewey, 1911 |
anatomy of a cathedral: The World's Debt to the Catholic Church James J. Walsh, 2021-11-09 'The World's Debt to the Catholic Church' is a non-fiction book that sets out to inform the readers on how the Catholic Church has done much work to further the development of human civilization as a whole. It was written by James Joseph Walsh, an American physician and author. |
anatomy of a cathedral: Later Paul Lisicky, 2020-03-17 A stunning portrait of community, identity, and sexuality by the critically acclaimed author of The Narrow Door When Paul Lisicky arrived in Provincetown in the early 1990s, he was leaving behind a history of family trauma to live in a place outside of time, known for its values of inclusion, acceptance, and art. In this idyllic haven, Lisicky searches for love and connection and comes into his own as he finds a sense of belonging. At the same time, the center of this community is consumed by the AIDS crisis, and the very structure of town life is being rewired out of necessity: What might this utopia look like during a time of dystopia? Later dramatizes a spectacular yet ravaged place and a unique era when more fully becoming one’s self collided with the realization that ongoingness couldn’t be taken for granted, and staying alive from moment to moment exacted absolute attention. Following the success of his acclaimed memoir, The Narrow Door, Lisicky fearlessly explores the body, queerness, love, illness, community, and belonging in this masterful, ingenious new book. |
anatomy of a cathedral: The Living Church , 1945 |
anatomy of a cathedral: Who's who Henry Robert Addison, Charles Henry Oakes, William John Lawson, Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen, 1905 An annual biographical dictionary, with which is incorporated Men and women of the time. |
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
In chapter 4, the author will scrutinize the relevance of Anatomy Of A Cathedral in specific contexts. This chapter will explore how Anatomy Of A Cathedral is applied in specialized …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only)
anatomy of a cathedral, exploring its key components, symbolic meanings, and the fascinating history woven into every stone. We'll unpack the architectural elements, from the soaring …
Cathedral Architecture — Overview - Heritage History
Cathedral — A Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of a town or region and it takes its name from the term cathedra, the throne of a bishop. Cathedrals are typically the largest church in a …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (book) - api.spsnyc.org
Anatomy Of A Cathedral: Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Experiments in Gothic Structure Robert Mark,1984-01 This fascinating study of the structural …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral Copy - www2.x-plane.com
anatomy of a cathedral: The Medieval Monastery Roger Rosewell, 2012-11-20 An illustrated look at life in abbeys and priories, and within the monastic orders, in the middle ages. Monasteries …
Gothic architecture: Cistercians & cathedrals - MIT …
Notre Dame Cathedral . Church of St. Michael Hildesheim Germany 1010 . St Denis, near Paris (rebuilt 1140 – 1160) The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens (Begun 1220) Saint-Chapelle (1241 …
IntroductIon Geometry and the Gothic design Process
Gothic church architecture powerfully conveys impressions of movement and restless growth. In many Gothic interiors, slender columns seem to soar heavenward, as if unconstrained by …
Topographical and Anatomical Aspects of the Gothic …
The idea of the cathedral as a sacred city, holy mountain, and center of the earth de-rives from the Hebrews, and, through them, from the religious traditions of the Ancient Near East, where the …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only) - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
Gothic Enterprise considers the idea of the cathedral as a humanly created space Scott discusses why an impoverished people would commit so many social and personal resources to building …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only) - api.spsnyc.org
archaeology history and conservation of this most impressive building delving deep into its anatomy Cathedrals Derek Avery,1995 The hugh cathedrals of the world are unmatched in …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
medieval cathedral Cathedrals Derek Avery,1995 The hugh cathedrals of the world are unmatched in their variety and the daring of their construction with their dazzling facades …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only) - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
Anatomy Of A Cathedral Offers over 60,000 free eBooks, including many classics that are in the public domain. Open Library: Provides access to over 1 million free eBooks, including classic …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
Anatomy Of A Cathedral Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Experiments in Gothic Structure Robert Mark,1984-01 This fascinating study of the structural …
FAST FACTS ABOUT CHRIST CATHEDRAL - Roman …
Jun 24, 2019 · Christ Cathedral Parish offers Masses in four languages every Sunday. What makes the cathedral Catholic is the installation of the cathedra, or Bishop’s Chair, located in …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
Dame de Paris Follett then tells the story of the cathedral from its construction to the role it has played across time and history and he reveals the influence that the Notre Dame had upon …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
medieval cathedral Cathedrals Derek Avery,1995 The hugh cathedrals of the world are unmatched in their variety and the daring of their construction with their dazzling facades …
PART II: THE EARLY HISTORY OF GOTHIC SPIRES
Jun 7, 2020 · Analogous interventions had to be made at the cathedral of Wells, where the weight of the boxy masonry crossing tower and now- destroyed timber spire caused the foundations …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - api.spsnyc.org
Anatomy Of A Cathedral: Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Anatomy of Architecture George Mansell,1979 Examines the great architectural styles the …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only) - api.spsnyc.org
Anatomy Of A Cathedral: Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Experiments in Gothic Structure Robert Mark,1984-01 This fascinating study of the structural …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (2024) - api.spsnyc.org
Gothic Enterprise considers the idea of the cathedral as a humanly created space Scott discusses why an impoverished people would commit so many social and personal resources to building …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
In chapter 4, the author will scrutinize the relevance of Anatomy Of A Cathedral in specific contexts. This chapter will explore how Anatomy Of A Cathedral is applied in specialized …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only)
anatomy of a cathedral, exploring its key components, symbolic meanings, and the fascinating history woven into every stone. We'll unpack the architectural elements, from the soaring …
Cathedral Architecture — Overview - Heritage History
Cathedral — A Cathedral is the seat of the bishop of a town or region and it takes its name from the term cathedra, the throne of a bishop. Cathedrals are typically the largest church in a …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (book) - api.spsnyc.org
Anatomy Of A Cathedral: Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Experiments in Gothic Structure Robert Mark,1984-01 This fascinating study of the structural …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral Copy - www2.x-plane.com
anatomy of a cathedral: The Medieval Monastery Roger Rosewell, 2012-11-20 An illustrated look at life in abbeys and priories, and within the monastic orders, in the middle ages. Monasteries …
Gothic architecture: Cistercians & cathedrals - MIT …
Notre Dame Cathedral . Church of St. Michael Hildesheim Germany 1010 . St Denis, near Paris (rebuilt 1140 – 1160) The Cathedral of Our Lady of Amiens (Begun 1220) Saint-Chapelle …
IntroductIon Geometry and the Gothic design Process
Gothic church architecture powerfully conveys impressions of movement and restless growth. In many Gothic interiors, slender columns seem to soar heavenward, as if unconstrained by …
Topographical and Anatomical Aspects of the Gothic …
The idea of the cathedral as a sacred city, holy mountain, and center of the earth de-rives from the Hebrews, and, through them, from the religious traditions of the Ancient Near East, where …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only)
Gothic Enterprise considers the idea of the cathedral as a humanly created space Scott discusses why an impoverished people would commit so many social and personal resources to building …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only) - api.spsnyc.org
archaeology history and conservation of this most impressive building delving deep into its anatomy Cathedrals Derek Avery,1995 The hugh cathedrals of the world are unmatched in …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
medieval cathedral Cathedrals Derek Avery,1995 The hugh cathedrals of the world are unmatched in their variety and the daring of their construction with their dazzling facades …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only)
Anatomy Of A Cathedral Offers over 60,000 free eBooks, including many classics that are in the public domain. Open Library: Provides access to over 1 million free eBooks, including classic …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
Anatomy Of A Cathedral Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Experiments in Gothic Structure Robert Mark,1984-01 This fascinating study of the structural …
FAST FACTS ABOUT CHRIST CATHEDRAL - Roman Catholic …
Jun 24, 2019 · Christ Cathedral Parish offers Masses in four languages every Sunday. What makes the cathedral Catholic is the installation of the cathedra, or Bishop’s Chair, located in …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
Dame de Paris Follett then tells the story of the cathedral from its construction to the role it has played across time and history and he reveals the influence that the Notre Dame had upon …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - 10anos.cdes.gov.br
medieval cathedral Cathedrals Derek Avery,1995 The hugh cathedrals of the world are unmatched in their variety and the daring of their construction with their dazzling facades …
PART II: THE EARLY HISTORY OF GOTHIC SPIRES
Jun 7, 2020 · Analogous interventions had to be made at the cathedral of Wells, where the weight of the boxy masonry crossing tower and now- destroyed timber spire caused the foundations …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral - api.spsnyc.org
Anatomy Of A Cathedral: Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Anatomy of Architecture George Mansell,1979 Examines the great architectural styles the …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (Download Only) - api.spsnyc.org
Anatomy Of A Cathedral: Architectural History of Some English Cathedrals Robert Willis,1972 Experiments in Gothic Structure Robert Mark,1984-01 This fascinating study of the structural …
Anatomy Of A Cathedral (2024) - api.spsnyc.org
Gothic Enterprise considers the idea of the cathedral as a humanly created space Scott discusses why an impoverished people would commit so many social and personal resources to building …