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| ancient china political structure: The Everlasting Empire Yuri Pines, 2012-05-27 Established in 221 BCE, the Chinese empire lasted for 2,132 years before being replaced by the Republic of China in 1912. During its two millennia, the empire endured internal wars, foreign incursions, alien occupations, and devastating rebellions--yet fundamental institutional, sociopolitical, and cultural features of the empire remained intact. The Everlasting Empire traces the roots of the Chinese empire's exceptional longevity and unparalleled political durability, and shows how lessons from the imperial past are relevant for China today. Yuri Pines demonstrates that the empire survived and adjusted to a variety of domestic and external challenges through a peculiar combination of rigid ideological premises and their flexible implementation. The empire's major political actors and neighbors shared its fundamental ideological principles, such as unity under a single monarch--hence, even the empire's strongest domestic and foreign foes adopted the system of imperial rule. Yet details of this rule were constantly negotiated and adjusted. Pines shows how deep tensions between political actors including the emperor, the literati, local elites, and rebellious commoners actually enabled the empire's basic institutional framework to remain critically vital and adaptable to ever-changing sociopolitical circumstances. As contemporary China moves toward a new period of prosperity and power in the twenty-first century, Pines argues that the legacy of the empire may become an increasingly important force in shaping the nation's future trajectory. |
| ancient china political structure: An Introduction to Chinese History and Culture Qizhi Zhang, 2015-04-15 This book breaks with convention and provides an overview of Chinese history in the form of special topics. These topics include the major issues of “A Scientific Approach to the Origins of Chinese Civilization,” “Ancient Chinese Society and the Change of Dynasties,” “The Golden Ages of the Han, Tang and Qing Dynasties: a Comparative Analysis,” “Transportation Systems and Cultural Communication in Ancient China,” “Ethnic Relations in Chinese History,” “The Systems of Politics, Law and Selecting Officials in Ancient China,” “Agriculture, Handicraft and Commerce in Ancient China,” “The Military Thought and Military Systems of Ancient China,” “The Rich and Colorful Social Life in Ancient China,” “The Evolution of Ancient Chinese Thought,” “The Treasure House of Ancient Chinese Literature and Art,” “The Emergence and Progress of Ancient Chinese Historiography,” “Reflection on Ancient Chinese Science and Technology,” “New Issues in the Modern History of China,” and “A General Progression to the Socialist Modernization of the People’s Republic of China.” The book is based on current literature and research by university students. The modern history section is relatively concise, while the topics related to ancient Chinese history are longer, reflecting the country’s rich history and corresponding wealth of materials. There is also an in-depth discussion on the socialist modernization of the People’s Republic of China. The book provides insights into Chinese history, allowing readers “to see the value of civilization through history; to see the preciseness of history through civilization.” It focuses on the social background, lifestyle and development processes to illustrate ideologies and ideas. |
| ancient china political structure: The Constitution of Ancient China Su Li, 2018-08-07 How was the vast ancient Chinese empire brought together and effectively ruled? What are the historical origins of the resilience of contemporary China's political system? In The Constitution of Ancient China, Su Li, China's most influential legal theorist, examines the ways in which a series of fundamental institutions, rather than a supreme legal code upholding the laws of the land, evolved and coalesced into an effective constitution. Arguing that a constitution is an institutional response to a set of issues particular to a specific society, Su Li demonstrates how China unified a vast territory, diverse cultures, and elites from different backgrounds into a whole. He delves into such areas as uniform weights and measurements, the standardization of Chinese characters, and the building of the Great Wall. The book includes commentaries by four leading Chinese scholars in law, philosophy, and intellectual history—Wang Hui, Liu Han, Wu Fei, and Zhao Xiaoli—who share Su Li's ambition to explain the resilience of ancient China's political system but who contend that he overstates functionalist dimensions while downplaying the symbolic. Exploring why China has endured as one political entity for over two thousand years, The Constitution of Ancient China will be essential reading for anyone interested in understanding the institutional legacy of the Chinese empire. |
| ancient china political structure: Qing Governors and Their Provinces R. Kent Guy, 2015-08-03 During the Qing dynasty (1644–1911), the province emerged as an important element in the management of the expanding Chinese empire, with governors -- those in charge of these increasingly influential administrative units -- playing key roles. R. Kent Guy’s comprehensive study of this shift concentrates on the governorship system during the reigns of the Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong emperors, who ruled China from 1644 to 1796. In the preceding Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the responsibilities of provincial officials were ill-defined and often shifting; Qing governors, in contrast, were influential members of a formal administrative hierarchy and enjoyed the support of the central government, including access to resources. These increasingly powerful officials extended the court’s influence into even the most distant territories of the Qing empire. Both masters of the routine processes of administration and troubleshooters for the central government, Qing governors were economic and political administrators who played crucial roles in the management of a larger and more complex empire than the Chinese had ever known. Administrative concerns varied from region to region: Henan was dominated by the great Yellow River, which flowed through the province; the Shandong governor dealt with the exchange of goods, ideas, and officials along the Grand Canal; in Zhili, relations between civilians and bannermen in the strategically significant coastal plain were key; and in northwestern Shanxi, governors dealt with border issues. Qing Governors and Their Provinces uses the records of governors’ appointments and the laws and practices that shaped them to reconstruct the development of the office of provincial governor and to examine the histories of governors’ appointments in each province. Interwoven throughout is colorful detail drawn from the governors’ biographies. |
| ancient china political structure: A Confucian Constitutional Order Jiang Qing, 2016-11-08 English translation of materials from a workshop on Confucian constitutionalism in May 2010 at the City University of Hong Kong. |
| ancient china political structure: Cosmology and Political Culture in Early China Aihe Wang, 2000-05-08 This book offers a radical reinterpretation of the formative stages of Chinese culture and history, tracing the central role played by cosmology in the formation of China's early empires. It crosses the disciplines of history, social anthropology, archaeology, and philosophy to illustrate how cosmological systems, particularly the Five Elements, shaped political culture. By focusing on dynamic change in early cosmology, the book undermines the notion that Chinese cosmology was homogenous and unchanging. By arguing that cosmology was intrinsic to power relations, it also challenges prevailing theories of political and intellectual history. |
| ancient china political structure: Empires of Ancient Eurasia Craig Benjamin, 2018-05-03 Introduces a crucial period of world history when the vast exchange network of the Silk Roads connected most of Eurasia. |
| ancient china political structure: Understanding China's Political System Susan Lawrence, Michael F. Martin, 2012-05-10 This report is designed to provide Congress with a perspective on the contemporary political system of China, the only Communist Party-led authoritarian state in the G-20 grouping of major economies. China's Communist Party dominates state and society in China, is committed to maintaining a permanent monopoly on power, and is intolerant of those who question its right to rule. Nonetheless, analysts consider China's political system to be neither monolithic nor rigidly hierarchical. Jockeying among leaders and institutions representing different sets of interests is common at every level of the system. |
| ancient china political structure: Rhetoric in Ancient China, Fifth to Third Century B.C.E Xing Lu, 2022-03-10 Xing Lu examines language, art, persuasion, and argumentation in ancient China and offers a detailed and authentic account of ancient Chinese rhetorical theories and practices within the society's philosophical, political, cultural, and linguistic contexts. She focuses on the works of five schools of thought and ten well-known Chinese thinkers from Confucius to Han Feizi to the the Later Mohists. Lu identifies seven key Chinese terms pertaining to speech, language, persuasion, and argumentation as they appeared in these original texts, selecting ming bian as the linchpin for the Chinese conceptual term of rhetorical studies. Lu compares Chinese rhetorical perspectives with those of the ancient Greeks, illustrating that the Greeks and the Chinese shared a view of rhetoric as an ethical enterprise and of speech as a rational and psychological activity. The two traditions differed, however, in their rhetorical education, sense of rationality, perceptions of the role of language, approach to the treatment and study of rhetoric, and expression of emotions. Lu also links ancient Chinese rhetorical perspectives with contemporary Chinese interpersonal and political communication behavior and offers suggestions for a multicultural rhetoric that recognizes both culturally specific and transcultural elements of human communication. |
| ancient china political structure: Fiscal Regimes and the Political Economy of Premodern States Andrew Monson, Walter Scheidel, 2015-04-23 Inspired by the new fiscal history, this book represents the first global survey of taxation in the premodern world. What emerges is a rich variety of institutions, including experiments with sophisticated instruments such as sovereign debt and fiduciary money, challenging the notion of a typical premodern stage of fiscal development. The studies also reveal patterns and correlations across widely dispersed societies that shed light on the basic factors driving the intensification, abatement, and innovation of fiscal regimes. Twenty scholars have contributed perspectives from a wide range of fields besides history, including anthropology, economics, political science and sociology. The volume's coverage extends beyond Europe, the Mediterranean, and the Near East to East Asia and the Americas, thereby transcending the Eurocentric approach of most scholarship on fiscal history. |
| ancient china political structure: Daily Life in Ancient China Muzhou Pu, 2018-06-21 This book employs textual and archaeological material to reconstruct the various features of daily life in ancient China. |
| ancient china political structure: Asia in Western and World History Ainslie Thomas Embree, Carol Gluck, 1997 This comprehensive volume provides teachers and students with broad and stimulating perspectives on Asian history and its place in world and Western history. Essays by over forty leading scholars suggest many new ways of incorporating Asian history, from ancient to modern times, into core curriculum history courses. Now featuring Suggested Resources for Maps to Be Used in Conjunction with Asia in Western and World History. |
| ancient china political structure: Social Memory and State Formation in Early China Min Li, 2018-05-24 A thought-provoking book on the archaeology of power, knowledge, social memory, and the emergence of classical tradition in early China. |
| ancient china political structure: The Establishment of the Han Empire and Imperial China Grant R. Hardy, Anne Behnke Kinney, 2005-03-30 The Han Dynasty created a Chinese empire that endures to this day. |
| ancient china political structure: Power and Politics in Tenth-century China , |
| ancient china political structure: Rome and China Walter Scheidel, 2009-02-05 Transcending ethnic, linguistic, and religious boundaries, early empires shaped thousands of years of world history. Yet despite the global prominence of empire, individual cases are often studied in isolation. This series seeks to change the terms of the debate by promoting cross-cultural, comparative, and transdisciplinary perspectives on imperial state formation prior to the European colonial expansion. Two thousand years ago, up to one-half of the human species was contained within two political systems, the Roman empire in western Eurasia (centered on the Mediterranean Sea) and the Han empire in eastern Eurasia (centered on the great North China Plain). Both empires were broadly comparable in terms of size and population, and even largely coextensive in chronological terms (221 BCE to 220 CE for the Qin/Han empire, c. 200 BCE to 395 CE for the unified Roman empire). At the most basic level of resolution, the circumstances of their creation are not very different. In the East, the Shang and Western Zhou periods created a shared cultural framework for the Warring States, with the gradual consolidation of numerous small polities into a handful of large kingdoms which were finally united by the westernmost marcher state of Qin. In the Mediterranean, we can observe comparable political fragmentation and gradual expansion of a unifying civilization, Greek in this case, followed by the gradual formation of a handful of major warring states (the Hellenistic kingdoms in the east, Rome-Italy, Syracuse and Carthage in the west), and likewise eventual unification by the westernmost marcher state, the Roman-led Italian confederation. Subsequent destabilization occurred again in strikingly similar ways: both empires came to be divided into two halves, one that contained the original core but was more exposed to the main barbarian periphery (the west in the Roman case, the north in China), and a traditionalist half in the east (Rome) and south (China). These processes of initial convergence and subsequent divergence in Eurasian state formation have never been the object of systematic comparative analysis. This volume, which brings together experts in the history of the ancient Mediterranean and early China, makes a first step in this direction, by presenting a series of comparative case studies on clearly defined aspects of state formation in early eastern and western Eurasia, focusing on the process of initial developmental convergence. It includes a general introduction that makes the case for a comparative approach; a broad sketch of the character of state formation in western and eastern Eurasia during the final millennium of antiquity; and six thematically connected case studies of particularly salient aspects of this process. |
| ancient china political structure: Manchus and Han Edward J. M. Rhoads, 2017-05-01 China�s 1911�12 Revolution, which overthrew a 2000-year succession of dynasties, is thought of primarily as a change in governmental style, from imperial to republican, traditional to modern. But given that the dynasty that was overthrown�the Qing�was that of a minority ethnic group that had ruled China�s Han majority for nearly three centuries, and that the revolutionaries were overwhelmingly Han, to what extent was the revolution not only anti-monarchical, but also anti-Manchu? Edward Rhoads explores this provocative and complicated question in Manchus and Han, analyzing the evolution of the Manchus from a hereditary military caste (the �banner people�) to a distinct ethnic group and then detailing the interplay and dialogue between the Manchu court and Han reformers that culminated in the dramatic changes of the early 20th century. Until now, many scholars have assumed that the Manchus had been assimilated into Han culture long before the 1911 Revolution and were no longer separate and distinguishable. But Rhoads demonstrates that in many ways Manchus remained an alien, privileged, and distinct group. Manchus and Han is a pathbreaking study that will forever change the way historians of China view the events leading to the fall of the Qing dynasty. Likewise, it will clarify for ethnologists the unique origin of the Manchus as an occupational caste and their shifting relationship with the Han, from border people to rulers to ruled. Winner of the Joseph Levenson Book Prize for Modern China, sponsored by The China and Inner Asia Council of the Association for Asian Studies |
| ancient china political structure: The Emergence of China A. Taeko Brooks, E. Bruce Brooks, 2015-12-31 The Emergence of China presents the classical period in its own terms. It contains more than 500 translated excerpts from the classical texts, linked by a running commentary which traces the evolution and interaction of the different schools of thought. These are shown in dialogue about issues from tax policy to the length of the mourning period for a parent. Some texts labor to establish the legal and political structures of the new state, while others passionately oppose its war orientation, or amusingly ridicule those who supported it. Here are the arguments of the Hundred Schools of classical thought, for the first time restored to life and vividly presented. There are six topical chapters, each treating a major subject in chronological order, framed by a preliminary background chapter and a concluding survey of the eventual Empire. Each chapter includes several brief Methodological Moments, as samples of the philological method on which the work is based. Occasional footnotes point to historical parallels in Greece, Rome, the Ancient Near East, and the mediaeval-to-modern transition in Europe, which at many points the Chinese classical period resembles. At the back of the book are a guide to alternate Chinese romanizations, a list of passages translated, and a subject index. A preliminary version of The Emergence of China was classroom-tested, and the suggestions of teachers and students were incorporated into the final version. The results of those classroom trials, in both history and philosophy classes, were favorable. This is the only account of early Chinese thought which presents it against the background of the momentous changes taking place in the early Chinese state, and the only account of the early Chinese state which follows its development, by correctly dated documents, from its beginnings in the palace states of Spring and Autumn to the economically sophisticated bureaucracies of late Warring States times. In this larger context, the insights of the philosophers remain, but their failure to influence events is also noted. The fun of the Jwangdz is transmitted, but along with its underlying pain. The achievements of the Chinese Imperial formation process are duly registered, but so is their human cost. Special attention is given to the contribution of non-Chinese peoples to the eventual Chinese civilization. |
| ancient china political structure: Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity Nicola Di Cosmo, Michael Maas, 2018-04-26 Empires and Exchanges in Eurasian Late Antiquity offers an integrated picture of Rome, China, Iran, and the Steppes during a formative period of world history. In the half millennium between 250 and 750 CE, settled empires underwent deep structural changes, while various nomadic peoples of the steppes (Huns, Avars, Turks, and others) experienced significant interactions and movements that changed their societies, cultures, and economies. This was a transformational era, a time when Roman, Persian, and Chinese monarchs were mutually aware of court practices, and when Christians and Buddhists criss-crossed the Eurasian lands together with merchants and armies. It was a time of greater circulation of ideas as well as material goods. This volume provides a conceptual frame for locating these developments in the same space and time. Without arguing for uniformity, it illuminates the interconnections and networks that tied countless local cultural expressions to far-reaching inter-regional ones. |
| ancient china political structure: ART MYTH AND RITUAL P Kwang-chih CHANG, Kwang-chih Chang, 2009-06-30 A leading scholar in the United States on Chinese archaeology challenges long-standing conceptions of the rise of political authority in ancient China. Questioning Marx's concept of an Asiatic mode of production, Wittfogel's hydraulic hypothesis, and cultural-materialist theories on the importance of technology, K. C. Chang builds an impressive counterargument, one which ranges widely from recent archaeological discoveries to studies of mythology, ancient Chinese poetry, and the iconography of Shang food vessels. |
| ancient china political structure: The Decline of the West Oswald Spengler, Arthur Helps, Charles Francis Atkinson, 1991 Spengler's work describes how we have entered into a centuries-long world-historical phase comparable to late antiquity, and his controversial ideas spark debate over the meaning of historiography. |
| ancient china political structure: The Individual and the State in China Brian Hook, 1996 One of the most interesting questions in China studies today is the effect that the opening up of the country economically will have on the individual rights and freedoms of the population. This volume addresses that issue by considering recent changes in the relations of the state and severalgroups in the populationDSrural peasants, manual workers, the military, the intellectual community, and the youth of China. With distinguished contributors, this coherent and comprehensive volume should become an essential reference work for academics and students. |
| ancient china political structure: The Oxford Handbook of Early China Elizabeth Childs-Johnson, 2020-10-23 The Oxford Handbook on Early China brings 30 scholars together to cover early China from the Neolithic through Warring States periods (ca 5000-500BCE). The study is chronological and incorporates a multidisciplinary approach, covering topics from archaeology, anthropology, art history, architecture, music, and metallurgy, to literature, religion, paleography, cosmology, religion, prehistory, and history. |
| ancient china political structure: The Early Chinese Empires Mark Edward Lewis, 2010-10-30 In 221 bc the First Emperor of Qin unified the lands that would become the heart of a Chinese empire. Though forged by conquest, this vast domain depended for its political survival on a fundamental reshaping of Chinese culture. With this informative book, we are present at the creation of an ancient imperial order whose major features would endure for two millennia. The Qin and Han constitute the classical period of Chinese history--a role played by the Greeks and Romans in the West. Mark Edward Lewis highlights the key challenges faced by the court officials and scholars who set about governing an empire of such scale and diversity of peoples. He traces the drastic measures taken to transcend, without eliminating, these regional differences: the invention of the emperor as the divine embodiment of the state; the establishment of a common script for communication and a state-sponsored canon for the propagation of Confucian ideals; the flourishing of the great families, whose domination of local society rested on wealth, landholding, and elaborate kinship structures; the demilitarization of the interior; and the impact of non-Chinese warrior-nomads in setting the boundaries of an emerging Chinese identity. The first of a six-volume series on the history of imperial China, The Early Chinese Empires illuminates many formative events in China's long history of imperialism--events whose residual influence can still be discerned today. |
| ancient china political structure: China's Examination Hell Ichisada Miyazaki, 1981-01-01 Written by one of the foremost historians of Chinese institutions, this book focuses on China's civil service examination system in its final and most elaborate phase during the Ch'ing dynasty. All aspects of this labyrinthine system are explored: the types of questions, the style and form in which they were to be answered, the problem of cheating, and the psychological and financial burdens of the candidates, the rewards of the successful and the plight of those who failed. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including Chinese novels, short stories, and plays, this thought provoking and entertaining book brings to vivid life the testing structure that supplied China's government bureaucracy for almost fourteen hundred years. Professor Miyazaki's informative work is concerned with a system. . . that was, in effect, . . . the basic institution of Chinese political life, the real pillar which supported the imperial monarchy, the effective vehicle for the aspirations and ambitions of the ruling class. Imperial China without the examination system for the past thousand years and more would have developed in an entirely different way and might not have endured as the continuing form of government over a huge empire.--Pacific Affairs The most comprehensive narrative treatment in any language of [this] enduring achievement of Chinese civilization.--American Historical Review |
| ancient china political structure: China between Empires Mark Edward LEWIS, 2009-06-30 After the collapse of the Han dynasty in the third century CE, China divided along a north-south line. This book traces the changes that both underlay and resulted from this split in a period that saw the geographic redefinition of China, more engagement with the outside world, significant changes to family life, developments in the literary and social arenas, and the introduction of new religions. |
| ancient china political structure: Ancient Chinese Warfare Ralph D. Sawyer, 2011-03-01 The history of China is a history of warfare. Rarely in its 3,000-year existence has the country not been beset by war, rebellion, or raids. Warfare was a primary source of innovation, social evolution, and material progress in the Legendary Era, Hsia dynasty, and Shang dynasty -- indeed, war was the force that formed the first cohesive Chinese empire, setting China on a trajectory of state building and aggressive activity that continues to this day. In Ancient Chinese Warfare, a preeminent expert on Chinese military history uses recently recovered documents and archaeological findings to construct a comprehensive guide to the developing technologies, strategies, and logistics of ancient Chinese militarism. The result is a definitive look at the tools and methods that won wars and shaped culture in ancient China. |
| ancient china political structure: Culture and Order in World Politics Andrew Phillips, Christian Reus-Smit, 2020-01-09 Provides a new framework for reconceptualizing the historical and contemporary relationship between cultural diversity, political authority, and international order. |
| ancient china political structure: Ancient Egypt and Early China Anthony J Barbieri-Low, 2021-06-17 Although they existed more than a millennium apart, the great civilizations of New Kingdom Egypt (ca. 1548-1086 BCE) and Han dynasty China (206 BCE-220 CE) shared intriguing similarities. Both were centered around major, flood-prone rivers--the Nile and the Yellow River--and established complex hydraulic systems to manage their power. Both spread their territories across vast empires that were controlled through warfare and diplomacy and underwent periods of radical reform led by charismatic rulers--the heretic king Akhenaten and the vilified reformer Wang Mang. Universal justice was dispensed through courts, and each empire was administered by bureaucracies staffed by highly trained scribes who held special status. Egypt and China each developed elaborate conceptions of an afterlife world and created games of fate that facilitated access to these realms. This groundbreaking volume offers an innovative comparison of these two civilizations. Through a combination of textual, art historical, and archaeological analyses, Ancient Egypt and Early China reveals shared structural traits of each civilization as well as distinctive features. |
| ancient china political structure: The Confucian-legalist State Dingxin Zhao, 2015 The Confucian-Legalist State proposes a new theory of social change and, in doing so, analyzes the patterns of Chinese history, such as the rise and persistence of a unified empire, the continuous domination of Confucianism, and China's inability to develop industrial capitalism without Western imperialism. |
| ancient china political structure: Forgery and Impersonation in Imperial China Mark McNicholas, 2016-03-29 Across eighteenth-century China a wide range of common people forged government documents or pretended to be officials or other agents of the state. This examination of case records and law codes traces the legal meanings and social and political contexts of small-time swindles that were punished as grave political transgressions. |
| ancient china political structure: The Yellow River Ruth Mostern, 2021-09-28 A three-thousand-year history of the Yellow River and the legacy of interactions between humans and the natural landscape From Neolithic times to the present day, the Yellow River and its watershed have both shaped and been shaped by human society. Using the Yellow River to illustrate the long-term effects of environmentally significant human activity, Ruth Mostern unravels the long history of the human relationship with water and soil and the consequences, at times disastrous, of ecological transformations that resulted from human decisions. As Mostern follows the Yellow River through three millennia of history, she underlines how governments consistently ignored the dynamic interrelationships of the river’s varied ecosystems—grasslands, riparian forests, wetlands, and deserts—and the ecological and cultural impacts of their policies. With an interdisciplinary approach informed by archival research and GIS (geographical information system) records, this groundbreaking volume provides unique insight into patterns, transformations, and devastating ruptures throughout ecological history and offers profound conclusions about the way we continue to affect the natural systems upon which we depend. |
| ancient china political structure: The Dynasties and Treasures of China Bamber Gascoigne, 1973 |
| ancient china political structure: Bureaucracy and the State in Early China Feng Li, 2008-12-11 This ook redefines the bureaucracy of Ancient Chinese society during the Western Zhou period. The analysis is based on inscriptions of royal edicts from the period carved into bronze vessels. The inscriptions clarify the political and social construction of the Western Zhou and the ways in which it exercised its authority. |
| ancient china political structure: Journey to the West (2018 Edition - PDF) Wu Cheng'en, 2018-08-14 The bestselling Journey to the West comic book by artist Chang Boon Kiat is now back in a brand new fully coloured edition. Journey to the West is one of the greatest classics in Chinese literature. It tells the epic tale of the monk Xuanzang who journeys to the West in search of the Buddhist sutras with his disciples, Sun Wukong, Sandy and Pigsy. Along the way, Xuanzang's life was threatened by the diabolical White Bone Spirit, the menacing Red Child and his fearsome parents and, a host of evil spirits who sought to devour Xuanzang's flesh to attain immortality. Bear witness to the formidable Sun Wukong's (Monkey God) prowess as he takes them on, using his Fiery Eyes, Golden Cudgel, Somersault Cloud, and quick wits! Be prepared for a galloping read that will leave you breathless! |
| ancient china political structure: How China Became Capitalist R. Coase, N. Wang, 2016-04-30 How China Became Capitalist details the extraordinary, and often unanticipated, journey that China has taken over the past thirty five years in transforming itself from a closed agrarian socialist economy to an indomitable economic force in the international arena. The authors revitalise the debate around the rise of the Chinese economy through the use of primary sources, persuasively arguing that the reforms implemented by the Chinese leaders did not represent a concerted attempt to create a capitalist economy, and that it was 'marginal revolutions' that introduced the market and entrepreneurship back to China. Lessons from the West were guided by the traditional Chinese principle of 'seeking truth from facts'. By turning to capitalism, China re-embraced her own cultural roots. How China Became Capitalist challenges received wisdom about the future of the Chinese economy, warning that while China has enormous potential for further growth, the future is clouded by the government's monopoly of ideas and power. Coase and Wang argue that the development of a market for ideas which has a long and revered tradition in China would be integral in bringing about the Chinese dream of social harmony. |
| ancient china political structure: Philosophers of the Warring States: A Sourcebook in Chinese Philosophy , 2018-11-30 Philosophers of the Warring States is an anthology of new translations of essential readings from the classic texts of early Chinese philosophy, informed by the latest scholarship. It includes the Analects of Confucius, Meng Zi (Mencius), Xun Zi, Mo Zi, Lao Zi (Dao De Jing), Zhuang Zi, and Han Fei Zi, as well as short chapters on the Da Xue and the Zhong Yong. Pedagogically organized, this book offers philosophically sophisticated annotations and commentaries as well as an extensive glossary explaining key philosophical concepts in detail. The translations aim to be true to the originals yet accessible, with the goal of opening up these rich and subtle philosophical texts to modern readers without prior training in Chinese thought. |
| ancient china political structure: History of International Relations Erik Ringmar, 2019-08-02 Existing textbooks on international relations treat history in a cursory fashion and perpetuate a Euro-centric perspective. This textbook pioneers a new approach by historicizing the material traditionally taught in International Relations courses, and by explicitly focusing on non-European cases, debates and issues. The volume is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the international systems that traditionally existed in Europe, East Asia, pre-Columbian Central and South America, Africa and Polynesia. The second part discusses the ways in which these international systems were brought into contact with each other through the agency of Mongols in Central Asia, Arabs in the Mediterranean and the Indian Ocean, Indic and Sinic societies in South East Asia, and the Europeans through their travels and colonial expansion. The concluding section concerns contemporary issues: the processes of decolonization, neo-colonialism and globalization – and their consequences on contemporary society. History of International Relations provides a unique textbook for undergraduate and graduate students of international relations, and anybody interested in international relations theory, history, and contemporary politics. |
| ancient china political structure: The First Emperor of China Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-10-07 |
| ancient china political structure: 礼记 Confucio, 2013-10-10 The Book of Rites, literally the Record of Rites, is a collection of texts describing the social forms, administration, and ceremonial rites of the Zhou Dynasty as they were understood in the Warring States and the early Han periods. The Book of Rites, along with the Rites of Zhou (Zhouli) and the Book of Etiquette and Rites (Yili), which are together known as the Three Li (San li), constitute the ritual (li) section of the Five Classics which lay at the core of the traditional Confucian canon (Each of the five classics is a group of works rather than a single text). As a core text of the Confucian canon, it is also known as the Classic of Rites, which some scholars believe this was the original title before it was changed by Dai Sheng. |
Ancient China (Civilization) - University of Lucknow
The political stability of the latter allowed farming to expand into new lands, notably with the settlement of regions near the northern frontiers, to help supply the Han armies there.
Law and Political Power Structure: Justice in Early Imperial …
Due to the differences in geographical environments, historical development, and political ideas, the political power structures in early imperial China and the Roman Republic (509 B.C.E.-27 …
POLITICAL REALISM, POLITICS, AND THE STATE IN ANCIENT …
POLITICAL REALISM, POLITICS, AND THE STATE IN ANCIENT CHINA* KAI VOGELSANG OE 55 (2016) Introduction There is a strange ambivalence about the study of ancient China. On …
Imperial Politics and Confucian Societies in Late Imperial …
China began the transition from an aristocratic society to a bureaucratic one more than 600 years before Europe. From a society in which social position and political power were based largely …
The political economy of imperial power successions in …
In thousands of years of feudal history in China, there were no major institutional revolutions in political system, economic structure, cultural tradition, and other social characteristics …
Rome and China: comparative perspectives on ancient world …
2,000 years ago, up to one-half of the human species was contained within two political systems, the Roman empire in western Eurasia (centered on the Mediterranean Sea) and the Han …
Bureaucracy and the State in Early China - Cambridge …
Ancient Chinese society developed a sophisticated and complex bureaucracy which is still in operation today and which had its pristine form in the government of the Western Zhou from …
More Important than Formal Social Tie? Guanxi as the …
ABSTRACT: Numerous historical recordings, political and academic works denounced the small groups formed by the officials in ancient China political structure. Such small groups were …
The idea of order in ancient Chinese political thought: a …
theory of international politics: insights from comparing ancient China and early modern Europe’, International Organization 58: 1, 2004, pp. 175–205, and War and state formation in ancient …
Chinese Social Structure Introduction - Humanities Institute
Chinese Social Structure Introduction Chinese society in the late neolithic and early bronze ages developed largely independent of other ancient societies. As a result, there are a number of …
The American Political Science Review - JSTOR
Imperial China, like republican China, had in theory a unitary system of government but in practice the central government played a minor r6le in administration. It was a showy setting for the …
Lun Du* Legitimate Authority in the Chinese Tradition: Ethics …
corresponds to the political structure that existed in ancient China or the ideal framework advcated in Confucianism. And ethics-politics can act as the fourth. type of legitimate authority, which …
COSMOLOGY AND POLITICAL CULTURE IN EARLY CHINA
Wang examines the transformation of Chinese cosmology between two political eras – from the hegemonic states of the Bronze Age (the Shang and Western Zhou, ca. 1700–771 b.c.) to the …
War and Politics in Ancient China, 2700 B.C. to 722 B.C.
The authors report the first findings on the origins and evolution of war and politics in ancient China (Legendary, Xia [Hsia], Shang, and Western Zhou [Chou] periods), from ca. 2700 B.C. …
Cultural Taxonomy and Bureaucracy in Ancient China: The …
Chinese thinkers to the political fragmentation and disorder of those times (McLeod 1982: 143). Yet it was during this period that true states developed, culminating in the first unification of …
Political Structure and Balance of Power - University of Chicago
the dual-head structure in China, Li (2023) focused on the political structure in ancient China and documented how the central government set up deputy positions at the local level to divide …
The impact of Confucianism on ancient Chinese society and …
Confucianism, established by Confucius in the 6th century BCE, has deeply shaped Chinese society and governance across history. This paper examines the fundamental principles of …
Ritual and Rationality: Religious Roots of the ... - Sociostudies
Linking the ancient Chinese cult of ancestor worship to two important stratificational devices that emerged during this epoch – patrilineal kinship and ancestral genealogy – I show how archaic …
Jiang, Qing, A Confucian Constitutional Order How China s …
China’s modernity and modernization, and that the political process in the past six decades in China has been marked by a radical process of de-Confucianization. Therefore, they maintain …
A Confucian Constitutional Order: How China’s Ancient Past …
A Confucian Constitutional Order: How China’s Ancient Past Can Shape Its Political Future, by Jiang Qing, translated by Edmund Ryden; edited by Daniel A. Bell and Ruiping Fan. Princeton: …
Ancient China (Civilization) - University of Lucknow
The political stability of the latter allowed farming to expand into new lands, notably with the settlement of regions near the northern frontiers, to help supply the Han armies there.
Law and Political Power Structure: Justice in Early Imperial …
Due to the differences in geographical environments, historical development, and political ideas, the political power structures in early imperial China and the Roman Republic (509 B.C.E.-27 …
POLITICAL REALISM, POLITICS, AND THE STATE IN ANCIENT …
POLITICAL REALISM, POLITICS, AND THE STATE IN ANCIENT CHINA* KAI VOGELSANG OE 55 (2016) Introduction There is a strange ambivalence about the study of ancient China. On …
Imperial Politics and Confucian Societies in Late Imperial …
China began the transition from an aristocratic society to a bureaucratic one more than 600 years before Europe. From a society in which social position and political power were based largely …
The political economy of imperial power successions in …
In thousands of years of feudal history in China, there were no major institutional revolutions in political system, economic structure, cultural tradition, and other social characteristics …
Rome and China: comparative perspectives on ancient world …
2,000 years ago, up to one-half of the human species was contained within two political systems, the Roman empire in western Eurasia (centered on the Mediterranean Sea) and the Han …
Bureaucracy and the State in Early China - Cambridge …
Ancient Chinese society developed a sophisticated and complex bureaucracy which is still in operation today and which had its pristine form in the government of the Western Zhou from …
More Important than Formal Social Tie? Guanxi as the …
ABSTRACT: Numerous historical recordings, political and academic works denounced the small groups formed by the officials in ancient China political structure. Such small groups were …
The idea of order in ancient Chinese political thought: a …
theory of international politics: insights from comparing ancient China and early modern Europe’, International Organization 58: 1, 2004, pp. 175–205, and War and state formation in ancient …
Chinese Social Structure Introduction - Humanities Institute
Chinese Social Structure Introduction Chinese society in the late neolithic and early bronze ages developed largely independent of other ancient societies. As a result, there are a number of …
The American Political Science Review - JSTOR
Imperial China, like republican China, had in theory a unitary system of government but in practice the central government played a minor r6le in administration. It was a showy setting for the …
Lun Du* Legitimate Authority in the Chinese Tradition: Ethics …
corresponds to the political structure that existed in ancient China or the ideal framework advcated in Confucianism. And ethics-politics can act as the fourth. type of legitimate authority, which …
COSMOLOGY AND POLITICAL CULTURE IN EARLY CHINA
Wang examines the transformation of Chinese cosmology between two political eras – from the hegemonic states of the Bronze Age (the Shang and Western Zhou, ca. 1700–771 b.c.) to the …
War and Politics in Ancient China, 2700 B.C. to 722 B.C.
The authors report the first findings on the origins and evolution of war and politics in ancient China (Legendary, Xia [Hsia], Shang, and Western Zhou [Chou] periods), from ca. 2700 B.C. …
Cultural Taxonomy and Bureaucracy in Ancient China: The …
Chinese thinkers to the political fragmentation and disorder of those times (McLeod 1982: 143). Yet it was during this period that true states developed, culminating in the first unification of …
Political Structure and Balance of Power - University of …
the dual-head structure in China, Li (2023) focused on the political structure in ancient China and documented how the central government set up deputy positions at the local level to divide …
The impact of Confucianism on ancient Chinese society and …
Confucianism, established by Confucius in the 6th century BCE, has deeply shaped Chinese society and governance across history. This paper examines the fundamental principles of …
Ritual and Rationality: Religious Roots of the ... - Sociostudies
Linking the ancient Chinese cult of ancestor worship to two important stratificational devices that emerged during this epoch – patrilineal kinship and ancestral genealogy – I show how archaic …
Jiang, Qing, A Confucian Constitutional Order How China s …
China’s modernity and modernization, and that the political process in the past six decades in China has been marked by a radical process of de-Confucianization. Therefore, they maintain …
A Confucian Constitutional Order: How China’s Ancient Past …
A Confucian Constitutional Order: How China’s Ancient Past Can Shape Its Political Future, by Jiang Qing, translated by Edmund Ryden; edited by Daniel A. Bell and Ruiping Fan. Princeton: …
