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are stock trading bots legal: The Front Office Tom Costello, 2021-02-05 Getting into the Hedge Fund industry is hard, being successful in the hedge fund industry is even harder. But the most successful people in the hedge fund industry all have some ideas in common that often mean the difference between success and failure. The Front Office is a guide to those ideas. It's a manual for learning how to think about markets in the way that's most likely to lead to sustained success in the way that the top Institutions, Investment Banks and Hedge Funds do. Anyone can tell you how to register a corporation or how to connect to a lawyer or broker. This isn't a book about those 'back office' issues. This is a book about the hardest part of running a hedge fund. The part that the vast majority of small hedge funds and trading system developers never learn on their own. The part that the accountants, settlement clerks, and back office staffers don't ever see. It explains why some trading systems never reach profitability, why some can't seem to stay profitable, and what to do about it if that happens to you. This isn't a get rich quick book for your average investor. There are no easy answers in it. If you need someone to explain what a stock option is or what Beta means, you should look somewhere else. But if you think you're ready to reach for the brass ring of a career in the institutional investing world, this is an excellent guide. This book explains what those people see when they look at the markets, and what nearly all of the other investors never do. |
are stock trading bots legal: Algo Bots and the Law Gregory Scopino, 2020-10-15 An exploration of how financial market laws and regulations can - and should - govern the use of artificial intelligence. |
are stock trading bots legal: Machine Learning for Algorithmic Trading Stefan Jansen, 2020-07-31 Leverage machine learning to design and back-test automated trading strategies for real-world markets using pandas, TA-Lib, scikit-learn, LightGBM, SpaCy, Gensim, TensorFlow 2, Zipline, backtrader, Alphalens, and pyfolio. Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free eBook in the PDF format. Key FeaturesDesign, train, and evaluate machine learning algorithms that underpin automated trading strategiesCreate a research and strategy development process to apply predictive modeling to trading decisionsLeverage NLP and deep learning to extract tradeable signals from market and alternative dataBook Description The explosive growth of digital data has boosted the demand for expertise in trading strategies that use machine learning (ML). This revised and expanded second edition enables you to build and evaluate sophisticated supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning models. This book introduces end-to-end machine learning for the trading workflow, from the idea and feature engineering to model optimization, strategy design, and backtesting. It illustrates this by using examples ranging from linear models and tree-based ensembles to deep-learning techniques from cutting edge research. This edition shows how to work with market, fundamental, and alternative data, such as tick data, minute and daily bars, SEC filings, earnings call transcripts, financial news, or satellite images to generate tradeable signals. It illustrates how to engineer financial features or alpha factors that enable an ML model to predict returns from price data for US and international stocks and ETFs. It also shows how to assess the signal content of new features using Alphalens and SHAP values and includes a new appendix with over one hundred alpha factor examples. By the end, you will be proficient in translating ML model predictions into a trading strategy that operates at daily or intraday horizons, and in evaluating its performance. What you will learnLeverage market, fundamental, and alternative text and image dataResearch and evaluate alpha factors using statistics, Alphalens, and SHAP valuesImplement machine learning techniques to solve investment and trading problemsBacktest and evaluate trading strategies based on machine learning using Zipline and BacktraderOptimize portfolio risk and performance analysis using pandas, NumPy, and pyfolioCreate a pairs trading strategy based on cointegration for US equities and ETFsTrain a gradient boosting model to predict intraday returns using AlgoSeek's high-quality trades and quotes dataWho this book is for If you are a data analyst, data scientist, Python developer, investment analyst, or portfolio manager interested in getting hands-on machine learning knowledge for trading, this book is for you. This book is for you if you want to learn how to extract value from a diverse set of data sources using machine learning to design your own systematic trading strategies. Some understanding of Python and machine learning techniques is required. |
are stock trading bots legal: Dark Pools Scott Patterson, 2012-06-12 A news-breaking account of the global stock market's subterranean battles, Dark Pools portrays the rise of the bots--artificially intelligent systems that execute trades in milliseconds and use the cover of darkness to out-maneuver the humans who've created them. In the beginning was Josh Levine, an idealistic programming genius who dreamed of wresting control of the market from the big exchanges that, again and again, gave the giant institutions an advantage over the little guy. Levine created a computerized trading hub named Island where small traders swapped stocks, and over time his invention morphed into a global electronic stock market that sent trillions in capital through a vast jungle of fiber-optic cables. By then, the market that Levine had sought to fix had turned upside down, birthing secretive exchanges called dark pools and a new species of trading machines that could think, and that seemed, ominously, to be slipping the control of their human masters. Dark Pools is the fascinating story of how global markets have been hijacked by trading robots--many so self-directed that humans can't predict what they'll do next. |
are stock trading bots legal: Flash Boys: A Wall Street Revolt Michael Lewis, 2014-03-31 Argues that post-crisis Wall Street continues to be controlled by large banks and explains how a small, diverse group of Wall Street men have banded together to reform the financial markets. |
are stock trading bots legal: The Liberated Stock Trader Barry D. Moore, 2011-04-01 From pocket change to financial freedom. Learn the critical skills you need to be an independent, self directed stock market investor. This is a truly unique stock market training course designed to help YOU make informed decisions about how to invest YOUR money, whether you are a beginner or already investing. Only 20% of stock market investors are actually able to beat the market, this training course is designed to help you be part of that winning 20% This book and the accompanying 16 hours of video training lessons have been created for those who are truly serious about their education. Barry D Moore's unique approach to training makes it easy to understand how the stock market works and how to apply your knowledge practically This integrated stock market training course training course includes: How you can find great stocks in great markets (Fundamental Analysis) How you can master stock charts, indicators and patterns (Technical Analysis) How many stocks to buy, when to buy and when to sell How to create your own winning stock market strategy Practical Guides to get you up and running fast include: The Stock Traders Checklist The Top 5 Mistakes To Avoid From The Start Top 10 Best Free Stock Charting Tools How To Find Great Stocks The Stock Market Millionaire The Trading System Workbook This honest, independent and trustworthy education consists of: The Liberated Stock Trader Book - large format and filled with diagrams and charts 16 hours of high quality video (available online) Mobile Edition - 16 hours of video (for iPhone/iPad/Android) Mobile Edition eBook in pdf format With 16 hours of educational video tutorials and the Liberated Stock Trader Book you will be well prepared for successful stock market investing Stock Market Success Need Knowledge, Experience And Patience Get the knowledge you need with the Liberated Stock Trader |
are stock trading bots legal: Mql4 Programming by Abdelmalek Malek Abdelmalek Malek, 2020-04-23 all what you need to program mql4 automated trading robot programmer (EA for Metatrader4) |
are stock trading bots legal: How to Day Trade Ross Cameron, 2015-10-29 Success as a day trader will only come to 10 percent of those who try. It’s important to understand why most traders fail so that you can avoid those mistakes. The day traders who lose money in the market are losing because of a failure to either choose the right stocks, manage risk, and find proper entries or follow the rules of a proven strategy. In this book, I will teach you trading techniques that I personally use to profit from the market. Before diving into the trading strategies, we will first build your foundation for success as a trader by discussing the two most important skills you can possess. I like to say that a day trader is two things: a hunter of volatility and a manager of risk. I’ll explain how to find predictable volatility and how to manage your risk so you can make money and be right only 50 percent of the time. We turn the tables by putting the odds for success in your favor. By picking up this book, you show dedication to improve your trading. This by itself sets you apart from the majority of beginner traders. |
are stock trading bots legal: Algorithms and Law Martin Ebers, Susana Navas, 2020-07-23 Exploring issues from big-data to robotics, this volume is the first to comprehensively examine the regulatory implications of AI technology. |
are stock trading bots legal: Game Hacking Nick Cano, 2016-07-01 You don’t need to be a wizard to transform a game you like into a game you love. Imagine if you could give your favorite PC game a more informative heads-up display or instantly collect all that loot from your latest epic battle. Bring your knowledge of Windows-based development and memory management, and Game Hacking will teach you what you need to become a true game hacker. Learn the basics, like reverse engineering, assembly code analysis, programmatic memory manipulation, and code injection, and hone your new skills with hands-on example code and practice binaries. Level up as you learn how to: –Scan and modify memory with Cheat Engine –Explore program structure and execution flow with OllyDbg –Log processes and pinpoint useful data files with Process Monitor –Manipulate control flow through NOPing, hooking, and more –Locate and dissect common game memory structures You’ll even discover the secrets behind common game bots, including: –Extrasensory perception hacks, such as wallhacks and heads-up displays –Responsive hacks, such as autohealers and combo bots –Bots with artificial intelligence, such as cave walkers and automatic looters Game hacking might seem like black magic, but it doesn’t have to be. Once you understand how bots are made, you’ll be better positioned to defend against them in your own games. Journey through the inner workings of PC games with Game Hacking, and leave with a deeper understanding of both game design and computer security. |
are stock trading bots legal: Quantitative Trading Systems, Second Edition Howard Bandy, 2011-06-02 |
are stock trading bots legal: Option Pricing, Interest Rates and Risk Management Elyès Jouini, Jakša Cvitanić, Marek Musiela, 2001 This 2001 handbook surveys the state of practice, method and understanding in the field of mathematical finance. Every chapter has been written by leading researchers and each starts by briefly surveying the existing results for a given topic, then discusses more recent results and, finally, points out open problems with an indication of what needs to be done in order to solve them. The primary audiences for the book are doctoral students, researchers and practitioners who already have some basic knowledge of mathematical finance. In sum, this is a comprehensive reference work for mathematical finance and will be indispensable to readers who need to find a quick introduction or reference to a specific topic, leading all the way to cutting edge material. |
are stock trading bots legal: Automate This Christopher Steiner, 2012-08-30 The rousing story of the last gasp of human agency and how today’s best and brightest minds are endeavoring to put an end to it. It used to be that to diagnose an illness, interpret legal documents, analyze foreign policy, or write a newspaper article you needed a human being with specific skills—and maybe an advanced degree or two. These days, high-level tasks are increasingly being handled by algorithms that can do precise work not only with speed but also with nuance. These “bots” started with human programming and logic, but now their reach extends beyond what their creators ever expected. In this fascinating, frightening book, Christopher Steiner tells the story of how algorithms took over—and shows why the “bot revolution” is about to spill into every aspect of our lives, often silently, without our knowledge. The May 2010 “Flash Crash” exposed Wall Street’s reliance on trading bots to the tune of a 998-point market drop and $1 trillion in vanished market value. But that was just the beginning. In Automate This, we meet bots that are driving cars, penning haiku, and writing music mistaken for Bach’s. They listen in on our customer service calls and figure out what Iran would do in the event of a nuclear standoff. There are algorithms that can pick out the most cohesive crew of astronauts for a space mission or identify the next Jeremy Lin. Some can even ingest statistics from baseball games and spit out pitch-perfect sports journalism indistinguishable from that produced by humans. The interaction of man and machine can make our lives easier. But what will the world look like when algorithms control our hospitals, our roads, our culture, and our national security? What happens to businesses when we automate judgment and eliminate human instinct? And what role will be left for doctors, lawyers, writers, truck drivers, and many others? Who knows—maybe there’s a bot learning to do your job this minute. |
are stock trading bots legal: The Indigo Book Christopher Jon Sprigman, 2017-07-11 This public domain book is an open and compatible implementation of the Uniform System of Citation. |
are stock trading bots legal: Algorithmic and High-Frequency Trading Álvaro Cartea, Sebastian Jaimungal, José Penalva, 2015-08-06 The design of trading algorithms requires sophisticated mathematical models backed up by reliable data. In this textbook, the authors develop models for algorithmic trading in contexts such as executing large orders, market making, targeting VWAP and other schedules, trading pairs or collection of assets, and executing in dark pools. These models are grounded on how the exchanges work, whether the algorithm is trading with better informed traders (adverse selection), and the type of information available to market participants at both ultra-high and low frequency. Algorithmic and High-Frequency Trading is the first book that combines sophisticated mathematical modelling, empirical facts and financial economics, taking the reader from basic ideas to cutting-edge research and practice. If you need to understand how modern electronic markets operate, what information provides a trading edge, and how other market participants may affect the profitability of the algorithms, then this is the book for you. |
are stock trading bots legal: The Antitrust Paradox Robert Bork, 2021-02-22 The most important book on antitrust ever written. It shows how antitrust suits adversely affect the consumer by encouraging a costly form of protection for inefficient and uncompetitive small businesses. |
are stock trading bots legal: Algorithmic Trading with Python Chris Conlan, 2020-04-09 Algorithmic Trading with Python discusses modern quant trading methods in Python with a heavy focus on pandas, numpy, and scikit-learn. After establishing an understanding of technical indicators and performance metrics, readers will walk through the process of developing a trading simulator, strategy optimizer, and financial machine learning pipeline. This book maintains a high standard of reprocibility. All code and data is self-contained in a GitHub repo. The data includes hyper-realistic simulated price data and alternative data based on real securities. Algorithmic Trading with Python (2020) is the spiritual successor to Automated Trading with R (2016). This book covers more content in less time than its predecessor due to advances in open-source technologies for quantitative analysis. |
are stock trading bots legal: Emotional Banking Duena Blomstrom, 2018-03-16 Banking is under threat. Despite access to fast-paced technology known as FinTech, an antiquated business model and internal organizational paralysis do not allow for the creation of a truly beloved brand and are stifling change. To survive and thrive when their competition is catching up, banks must understand the principles behind Emotional Banking—a cultural change concept that brings the consumer to the center of rethinking banking products and delivery. This book starts with a history of the space then moves into an overview of what FinTech is. After discussing the state of banking today including stories from the biggest names in the industry, the concept of Emotional Banking and Brand are introduced as an answer to the problems outlined above. It concludes with examples of best practices and a hands-on approach on how to change the inertia, become a brand and make customers fall in love with their bank. Some of the questions this book tackles include: · Why don’t banks “care”? · How many banks will survive? · What is FinTech and why does it matter? · Can Banks become beloved brands and find their way to the consumer’s heart? · Why is there a disconnect between what we say and what we do in the industry? · Is inertia in banking a result of broken internal culture? · Which big brand or challenger will be at the top in 5 years? |
are stock trading bots legal: Artificial Intelligence and International Economic Law Shin-yi Peng, Ching-Fu Lin, Thomas Streinz, 2021-10-14 Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are transforming economies, societies, and geopolitics. Enabled by the exponential increase of data that is collected, transmitted, and processed transnationally, these changes have important implications for international economic law (IEL). This volume examines the dynamic interplay between AI and IEL by addressing an array of critical new questions, including: How to conceptualize, categorize, and analyze AI for purposes of IEL? How is AI affecting established concepts and rubrics of IEL? Is there a need to reconfigure IEL, and if so, how? Contributors also respond to other cross-cutting issues, including digital inequality, data protection, algorithms and ethics, the regulation of AI-use cases (autonomous vehicles), and systemic shifts in e-commerce (digital trade) and industrial production (fourth industrial revolution). This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core. |
are stock trading bots legal: Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance El Bachir Boukherouaa, Mr. Ghiath Shabsigh, Khaled AlAjmi, Jose Deodoro, Aquiles Farias, Ebru S Iskender, Mr. Alin T Mirestean, Rangachary Ravikumar, 2021-10-22 This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight. |
are stock trading bots legal: New Laws of Robotics Frank Pasquale, 2020-10-27 “Essential reading for all who have a vested interest in the rise of AI.” —Daryl Li, AI & Society “Thought-provoking...Explores how we can best try to ensure that robots work for us, rather than against us, and proposes a new set of laws to provide a conceptual framework for our thinking on the subject.” —Financial Times “Pasquale calls for a society-wide reengineering of policy, politics, economics, and labor relations to set technology on a more regulated and egalitarian path...Makes a good case for injecting more bureaucracy into our techno-dreams, if we really want to make the world a better place.” —Wired “Pasquale is one of the leading voices on the uneven and often unfair consequences of AI in our society...Every policymaker should read this book and seek his counsel.” —Safiya Noble, author of Algorithms of Oppression Too many CEOs tell a simple story about the future of work: if a machine can do what you do, your job will be automated, and you will be replaced. They envision everyone from doctors to soldiers rendered superfluous by ever-more-powerful AI. Another story is possible. In virtually every walk of life, robotic systems can make labor more valuable, not less. Frank Pasquale tells the story of nurses, teachers, designers, and others who partner with technologists, rather than meekly serving as data sources for their computerized replacements. This cooperation reveals the kind of technological advance that could bring us all better health care, education, and more, while maintaining meaningful work. These partnerships also show how law and regulation can promote prosperity for all, rather than a zero-sum race of humans against machines. Policymakers must not allow corporations or engineers alone to answer questions about how far AI should be entrusted to assume tasks once performed by humans, or about the optimal mix of robotic and human interaction. The kind of automation we get—and who benefits from it—will depend on myriad small decisions about how to develop AI. Pasquale proposes ways to democratize that decision-making, rather than centralize it in unaccountable firms. Sober yet optimistic, New Laws of Robotics offers an inspiring vision of technological progress, in which human capacities and expertise are the irreplaceable center of an inclusive economy. |
are stock trading bots legal: Liquidity, Markets and Trading in Action Deniz Ozenbas, 2022 This open access book addresses four standard business school subjects: microeconomics, macroeconomics, finance and information systems as they relate to trading, liquidity, and market structure. It provides a detailed examination of the impact of trading costs and other impediments of trading that the authors call rictions It also presents an interactive simulation model of equity market trading, TraderEx, that enables students to implement trading decisions in different market scenarios and structures. Addressing these topics shines a bright light on how a real-world financial market operates, and the simulation provides students with an experiential learning opportunity that is informative and fun. Each of the chapters is designed so that it can be used as a stand-alone module in an existing economics, finance, or information science course. Instructor resources such as discussion questions, Powerpoint slides and TraderEx exercises are available online. |
are stock trading bots legal: World Development Report 2020 World Bank, 2019-11-19 Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation. |
are stock trading bots legal: The Entrepreneur's Roadmap New York Stock Exchange, 2017-06 Entrepreneur's guide for starting and growing a business to a public listing |
are stock trading bots legal: Tax Savvy for Small Business Frederick W. Daily, 2001 Despite popular opinion, it is possible to run a profitable, honest business while minimizing taxes and staying out of legal trouble. Tax Savvy for Small Business helps readers do just that, detailing year-round tax-saving strategies for: -- claiming all legitimate deductions -- maximizing fringe benefits -- keeping accurate records -- documenting expenses -- surviving an audit The 5th edition provides the most current IRS rules, the latest tax codes and a new chapter of Frequently Asked Questions. |
are stock trading bots legal: Merger Arbitrage Thomas Kirchner, 2009-07-01 A detailed look at an important hedge fund strategy Written by a fund manager who invests solely in merger arbitrage, also referred to as risk arbitrage, and other event-driven strategies, Merger Arbitrage is the definitive book on how this alternative hedge fund strategy works. Initial chapters are dedicated to the ins and outs of the strategy–cash mergers versus stock for stock mergers, legal aspects of mergers, and pitfalls of the merger process–while later chapters focus on giving the reader sound advice for integrating merger arbitrage into an investment portfolio. Merger Arbitrage helps readers understand leverage and options, shorting stocks, and legal aspects of merger arbitrage, including seeking appraisal or filing lawsuits for inadequate merger consideration. For those looking to gain an edge in the merger arbitrage arena, this book has everything they need to succeed. Thomas F. Kirchner, CFA (New York, NY), is the founder and portfolio manager of Pennsylvania Avenue Funds (www.pennavefunds.com), which invests in merger arbitrage and other event-driven strategies. |
are stock trading bots legal: Trading for a Living Alexander Elder, 1993-03-22 Trading for a Living Successful trading is based on three M's: Mind, Method, and Money. Trading for a Living helps you master all of those three areas: * How to become a cool, calm, and collected trader * How to profit from reading the behavior of the market crowd * How to use a computer to find good trades * How to develop a powerful trading system * How to find the trades with the best odds of success * How to find entry and exit points, set stops, and take profits Trading for a Living helps you discipline your Mind, shows you the Methods for trading the markets, and shows you how to manage Money in your trading accounts so that no string of losses can kick you out of the game. To help you profit even more from the ideas in Trading for a Living, look for the companion volume--Study Guide for Trading for a Living. It asks over 200 multiple-choice questions, with answers and 11 rating scales for sharpening your trading skills. For example: Question Markets rise when * there are more buyers than sellers * buyers are more aggressive than sellers * sellers are afraid and demand a premium * more shares or contracts are bought than sold * I and II * II and III * II and IV * III and IV Answer B. II and III. Every change in price reflects what happens in the battle between bulls and bears. Markets rise when bulls feel more strongly than bears. They rally when buyers are confident and sellers demand a premium for participating in the game that is going against them. There is a buyer and a seller behind every transaction. The number of stocks or futures bought and sold is equal by definition. |
are stock trading bots legal: Trading the Measured Move David Halsey, 2013-12-11 A timely guide to profiting in markets dominated by high frequency trading and other computer driven strategies Strategies employing complex computer algorithms, and often utilizing high frequency trading tactics, have placed individual traders at a significant disadvantage in today's financial markets. It's been estimated that high-frequency traders—one form of computerized trading—accounts for more than half of each day's total equity market trades. In this environment, individual traders need to learn new techniques that can help them navigate modern markets and avoid being whipsawed by larger, institutional players. Trading the Measured Move offers a blueprint for profiting from the price waves created by computer-driven algorithmic and high-frequency trading strategies. The core of author David Halsey's approach is a novel application of Fibonnaci retracements, which he uses to set price targets and low-risk entry points. When properly applied, it allows traders to gauge market sentiment, recognize institutional participation at specific support and resistance levels, and differentiate between short-term and long-term trades at various price points in the market. Provides guidance for individual traders who fear they can't compete in today's high-frequency dominated markets Outlines specific trade set ups, including opening gap strategies, breakouts and failed breakout strategies, range trading strategies, and pivot trading strategies Reveals how to escape institutional strategies designed to profit from slower-moving market participants Engaging and informative, Trading the Measured Move will provide you with a new perspective, and new strategies, to successfully navigate today's computer driven financial markets |
are stock trading bots legal: The Black Box Society Frank Pasquale, 2015-01-05 Every day, corporations are connecting the dots about our personal behavior—silently scrutinizing clues left behind by our work habits and Internet use. The data compiled and portraits created are incredibly detailed, to the point of being invasive. But who connects the dots about what firms are doing with this information? The Black Box Society argues that we all need to be able to do so—and to set limits on how big data affects our lives. Hidden algorithms can make (or ruin) reputations, decide the destiny of entrepreneurs, or even devastate an entire economy. Shrouded in secrecy and complexity, decisions at major Silicon Valley and Wall Street firms were long assumed to be neutral and technical. But leaks, whistleblowers, and legal disputes have shed new light on automated judgment. Self-serving and reckless behavior is surprisingly common, and easy to hide in code protected by legal and real secrecy. Even after billions of dollars of fines have been levied, underfunded regulators may have only scratched the surface of this troubling behavior. Frank Pasquale exposes how powerful interests abuse secrecy for profit and explains ways to rein them in. Demanding transparency is only the first step. An intelligible society would assure that key decisions of its most important firms are fair, nondiscriminatory, and open to criticism. Silicon Valley and Wall Street need to accept as much accountability as they impose on others. |
are stock trading bots legal: Personhood Beyond Humanism Tomasz Pietrzykowski, 2018-05-31 This book explores the legal conception of personhood in the context of contemporary challenges, such as the status of non-human animals, human-animal biological mixtures, cyborgisation of the human body, or developing technologies based on artificial autonomic agents. It reveals the humanistic assumptions underlying the legal approach to personhood and examines the extent to which they are undermined by current and imminent scientific and technological advances. Further, the book outlines an original conception of non-personal subjecthood so as to provide adequate normative solutions for the problematic status of sentient animals and other kinds of entities. Arguably, non-personal subjects of law should be regarded as holding one right, and only one right - the right to be taken into account. |
are stock trading bots legal: A Legal Theory for Autonomous Artificial Agents Samir Chopra, Laurence F. White, 2011-07-28 “An extraordinarily good synthesis from an amazing range of philosophical, legal, and technological sources . . . the book will appeal to legal academics and students, lawyers involved in e-commerce and cyberspace legal issues, technologists, moral philosophers, and intelligent lay readers interested in high tech issues, privacy, [and] robotics.” —Kevin Ashley, University of Pittsburgh School of Law As corporations and government agencies replace human employees with online customer service and automated phone systems, we become accustomed to doing business with nonhuman agents. If artificial intelligence (AI) technology advances as today’s leading researchers predict, these agents may soon function with such limited human input that they appear to act independently. When they achieve that level of autonomy, what legal status should they have? Samir Chopra and Laurence F. White present a carefully reasoned discussion of how existing philosophy and legal theory can accommodate increasingly sophisticated AI technology. Arguing for the legal personhood of an artificial agent, the authors discuss what it means to say it has “knowledge” and the ability to make a decision. They consider key questions such as who must take responsibility for an agent’s actions, whom the agent serves, and whether it could face a conflict of interest. |
are stock trading bots legal: Trading Systems and Methods, + Website Perry J. Kaufman, 2013-01-29 The ultimate guide to trading systems, fully revised and updated For nearly thirty years, professional and individual traders have turned to Trading Systems and Methods for detailed information on indicators, programs, algorithms, and systems, and now this fully revised Fifth Edition updates coverage for today's markets. The definitive reference on trading systems, the book explains the tools and techniques of successful trading to help traders develop a program that meets their own unique needs. Presenting an analytical framework for comparing systematic methods and techniques, this new edition offers expanded coverage in nearly all areas, including trends, momentum, arbitrage, integration of fundamental statistics, and risk management. Comprehensive and in-depth, the book describes each technique and how it can be used to a trader's advantage, and shows similarities and variations that may serve as valuable alternatives. The book also walks readers through basic mathematical and statistical concepts of trading system design and methodology, such as how much data to use, how to create an index, risk measurements, and more. Packed with examples, this thoroughly revised and updated Fifth Edition covers more systems, more methods, and more risk analysis techniques than ever before. The ultimate guide to trading system design and methods, newly revised Includes expanded coverage of trading techniques, arbitrage, statistical tools, and risk management models Written by acclaimed expert Perry J. Kaufman Features spreadsheets and TradeStation programs for a more extensive and interactive learning experience Provides readers with access to a companion website loaded with supplemental materials Written by a global leader in the trading field, Trading Systems and Methods, Fifth Edition is the essential reference to trading system design and methods updated for a post-crisis trading environment. |
are stock trading bots legal: Rules of Exchange Alessandro Stanziani, 2012-02-13 The control of competition is designed, at best, to reconcile socioeconomic stability with innovation, and at worst, to keep competitors out of the market. In this respect, the nineteenth century was no more liberal than the eighteenth century. Even during the presumed liberal nineteenth century, legal regulation played a major role in the economy, and the industrial revolution was based on market institutions and organisations formed during the second half of the seventeenth century. If indeed there is a break in the history of capitalism, it should be situated at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with the irruption of mass production, consumption and the welfare state, which introduced new forms of regulation. This book provides a new intellectual, economic and legal history of capitalism from the eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. It analyzes the interaction between economic practices and legal constructions in France and compares the French case with other Western countries during this period, such as the United Kingdom, the United States, Germany and Italy. |
are stock trading bots legal: Inside the Black Box Rishi K. Narang, 2013-03-25 New edition of book that demystifies quant and algo trading In this updated edition of his bestselling book, Rishi K Narang offers in a straightforward, nontechnical style—supplemented by real-world examples and informative anecdotes—a reliable resource takes you on a detailed tour through the black box. He skillfully sheds light upon the work that quants do, lifting the veil of mystery around quantitative trading and allowing anyone interested in doing so to understand quants and their strategies. This new edition includes information on High Frequency Trading. Offers an update on the bestselling book for explaining in non-mathematical terms what quant and algo trading are and how they work Provides key information for investors to evaluate the best hedge fund investments Explains how quant strategies fit into a portfolio, why they are valuable, and how to evaluate a quant manager This new edition of Inside the Black Box explains quant investing without the jargon and goes a long way toward educating investment professionals. |
are stock trading bots legal: Investigate Before You Invest United States. Securities and Exchange Commission, 1975 |
are stock trading bots legal: Topics for Group Discussion Prof Shrikant Prasoon, 2017-09 There are no specific rules to prepare for a GD. And no one knows what the topic of GD is going to be. This book includes topics that are likely to be put by the Group Testing Officer before the candidates to gauge their personality and leadership qualities. It will be a good idea to keep yourself abreast with topics from: 1. Current Affairs - Current Affairs is something that you have to be thorough with. Understand the recent crises affecting the world, latest developmental initiatives, and important national & global events. 2. Historical topics- Have a fair knowledge about the history of India and the world. Having historical information will help you cite examples and make references whenever needed. 3. Sports, Arts & Literature - In these topics, try to have a decent idea about what is popular, who are the leaders in each area, the latest that has happened in these areas. 4. Data crunching - Do familiarize yourself with important data. Throwing in some data if required in your GD will definitely create an impression among the assessors. Speak with a measure of confidence on the given topic; and secure the nod of the evaluator. |
are stock trading bots legal: Hands-On Machine Learning for Algorithmic Trading Stefan Jansen, 2018-12-31 Explore effective trading strategies in real-world markets using NumPy, spaCy, pandas, scikit-learn, and Keras Key FeaturesImplement machine learning algorithms to build, train, and validate algorithmic modelsCreate your own algorithmic design process to apply probabilistic machine learning approaches to trading decisionsDevelop neural networks for algorithmic trading to perform time series forecasting and smart analyticsBook Description The explosive growth of digital data has boosted the demand for expertise in trading strategies that use machine learning (ML). This book enables you to use a broad range of supervised and unsupervised algorithms to extract signals from a wide variety of data sources and create powerful investment strategies. This book shows how to access market, fundamental, and alternative data via API or web scraping and offers a framework to evaluate alternative data. You'll practice the ML workflow from model design, loss metric definition, and parameter tuning to performance evaluation in a time series context. You will understand ML algorithms such as Bayesian and ensemble methods and manifold learning, and will know how to train and tune these models using pandas, statsmodels, sklearn, PyMC3, xgboost, lightgbm, and catboost. This book also teaches you how to extract features from text data using spaCy, classify news and assign sentiment scores, and to use gensim to model topics and learn word embeddings from financial reports. You will also build and evaluate neural networks, including RNNs and CNNs, using Keras and PyTorch to exploit unstructured data for sophisticated strategies. Finally, you will apply transfer learning to satellite images to predict economic activity and use reinforcement learning to build agents that learn to trade in the OpenAI Gym. What you will learnImplement machine learning techniques to solve investment and trading problemsLeverage market, fundamental, and alternative data to research alpha factorsDesign and fine-tune supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning modelsOptimize portfolio risk and performance using pandas, NumPy, and scikit-learnIntegrate machine learning models into a live trading strategy on QuantopianEvaluate strategies using reliable backtesting methodologies for time seriesDesign and evaluate deep neural networks using Keras, PyTorch, and TensorFlowWork with reinforcement learning for trading strategies in the OpenAI GymWho this book is for Hands-On Machine Learning for Algorithmic Trading is for data analysts, data scientists, and Python developers, as well as investment analysts and portfolio managers working within the finance and investment industry. If you want to perform efficient algorithmic trading by developing smart investigating strategies using machine learning algorithms, this is the book for you. Some understanding of Python and machine learning techniques is mandatory. |
are stock trading bots legal: Powering the Dream Alexis Madrigal, 2011-03-29 Few today realize that electric cabs dominated Manhattan's streets in the 1890s; that Boise, Idaho, had a geothermal heating system in 1910; or that the first megawatt turbine in the world was built in 1941 by the son of publishing magnate G. P. Putnam -- a feat that would not be duplicated for another forty years. Likewise, while many remember the oil embargo of the 1970s, few are aware that it led to a corresponding explosion in green-technology research that was only derailed when energy prices later dropped. In other words: We've been here before. Although we may have failed, America has had the chance to put our world on a more sustainable path. Americans have, in fact, been inventing green for more than a century. Half compendium of lost opportunities, half hopeful look toward the future, Powering the Dream tells the stories of the brilliant, often irascible inventors who foresaw our current problems, tried to invent cheap and energy renewable solutions, and drew the blueprint for a green future. |
are stock trading bots legal: Self-employment Tax , 1988 |
are stock trading bots legal: Automated Option Trading Sergey Izraylevich Ph.D., Vadim Tsudikman, 2012-03-12 The first and only book of its kind, Automated Options Trading describes a comprehensive, step-by-step process for creating automated options trading systems. Using the authors’ techniques, sophisticated traders can create powerful frameworks for the consistent, disciplined realization of well-defined, formalized, and carefully-tested trading strategies based on their specific requirements. Unlike other books on automated trading, this book focuses specifically on the unique requirements of options, reflecting philosophy, logic, quantitative tools, and valuation procedures that are completely different from those used in conventional automated trading algorithms. Every facet of the authors’ approach is optimized for options, including strategy development and optimization; capital allocation; risk management; performance measurement; back-testing and walk-forward analysis; and trade execution. The authors’ system reflects a continuous process of valuation, structuring and long-term management of investment portfolios (not just individual instruments), introducing systematic approaches for handling portfolios containing option combinations related to different underlying assets. With these techniques, it is finally possible to effectively automate options trading at the portfolio level. This book will be an indispensable resource for serious options traders working individually, in hedge funds, or in other institutions. |
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