Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History

  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Ambassador Morgenthau's Story Henry Morgenthau, 1919
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Axis Rule in Occupied Europe Raphael Lemkin, 2014 In this study Polish emigre Raphael Lemkin (1900-1959) coined the term 'genocide' and defined it as a subject of international law--Provided by publisher.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Armenians of Aintab †mit Kurt, 2021-04-13 A TurkÕs discovery that Armenians once thrived in his hometown leads to a groundbreaking investigation into the local dynamics of genocide. †mit Kurt, born and raised in Gaziantep, Turkey, was astonished to learn that his hometown once had a large and active Armenian community. The Armenian presence in Aintab, the cityÕs name during the Ottoman period, had not only been destroyedÑit had been replaced. To every appearance, Gaziantep was a typical Turkish city. Kurt digs into the details of the Armenian dispossession that produced the homogeneously Turkish city in which he grew up. In particular, he examines the population that gained from ethnic cleansing. Records of land confiscation and population transfer demonstrate just how much new wealth became available when the prosperous ArmeniansÑwho were active in manufacturing, agricultural production, and tradeÑwere ejected. Although the official rationale for the removal of the Armenians was that the group posed a threat of rebellion, Kurt shows that the prospect of material gain was a key motivator of support for the Armenian genocide among the local Muslim gentry and the Turkish public. Those who benefited mostÑprovincial elites, wealthy landowners, state officials, and merchants who accumulated Armenian capitalÑin turn financed the nationalist movement that brought the modern Turkish republic into being. The economic elite of Aintab was thus reconstituted along both ethnic and political lines. The Armenians of Aintab draws on primary sources from Armenian, Ottoman, Turkish, British, and French archives, as well as memoirs, personal papers, oral accounts, and newly discovered property-liquidation records. Together they provide an invaluable account of genocide at ground level.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Armenian Massacres in Ottoman Turkey Guenter Lewy, 2005-11-30 Avoiding the sterile was-it-genocide-or-not debate, this book will open a new chapter in this contentious controversy and may help achieve a long-overdue reconciliation of Armenians and Turks.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: America and the Armenian Genocide of 1915 Jay Winter, 2004-01-08 Before Rwanda and Bosnia, and before the Holocaust, the first genocide of the twentieth century happened in Turkish Armenia in 1915, when approximately one million people were killed. This volume is an account of the American response to this atrocity. The first part sets up the framework for understanding the genocide: Sir Martin Gilbert, Vahakn Dadrian and Jay Winter provide an analytical setting for nine scholarly essays examining how Americans learned of this catastrophe and how they tried to help its victims. Knowledge and compassion, though, were not enough to stop the killings. A terrible precedent was born in 1915, one which has come to haunt the United States and other Western countries throughout the twentieth century and beyond. To read the essays in this volume is chastening: the dilemmas Americans faced when confronting evil on an unprecedented scale are not very different from the dilemmas we face today.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: 550 AP World History Practice Questions The Princeton Review, 2014-01-28 THE PRINCETON REVIEW GETS RESULTS. Get extra preparation for an excellent AP World History score with 550 extra practice questions and answers. This eBook edition has been optimized for digital reading with cross-linked questions, answers, and explanations. Practice makes perfect—and The Princeton Review’s 550 AP World History Practice Questions gives you everything you need to work your way to the top. Inside, you’ll find tips and strategies for tackling the AP World History Exam, tons of material to show you what to expect on the test, and all the practice you need to get the score you want. Inside The Book: All the Practice and Strategies You Need • 1 comprehensive practice test • Over 400 additional practice questions • Step-by-step techniques for both multiple-choice and free-response questions • Practice drills for each tested era: 8000 BCE to 600 BCE; 600 BCE to 600 CE; 600 CE to 1450; 1450 to 1750; 1750 to 1900; and 1900 to the present • Answer keys and detailed explanations for each drill and test question • Engaging guidance to help you critically assess your progress
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Worse Than War Daniel Jonah Goldhagen, 2009-10-06 Daniel Jonah Goldhagen's books are events. They stir passionate public debate among political and civic leaders, scholars, and the general public because they compel people to rethink the most powerful conventional wisdoms and stubborn moral problems of the day. Worse Than War gets to the heart of the phenomenon, genocide, that has caused more deaths in the modern world than military conflict. In doing so, it challenges fundamental things we thought we knew about human beings, society, and politics. Drawing on extensive field work and research from around the world, Goldhagen explores the anatomy of genocide -- explaining why genocides begin, are sustained, and end; why societies support them, why they happen so frequently and how the international community should and can successfully stop them. As a great book should, Worse than War seeks to change the way we think and to offer new possibilities for a better world. It tells us how we might at last begin to eradicate this greatest scourge of humankind.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Young Turks' Crime Against Humanity Taner Akçam, 2012 Introducing new evidence from more than 600 secret Ottoman documents, this book demonstrates in unprecedented detail that the Armenian Genocide and the expulsion of Greeks from the late Ottoman Empire resulted from an official effort to rid the empire of its Christian subjects. Presenting these previously inaccessible documents along with expert context and analysis, Taner Akçam's most authoritative work to date goes deep inside the bureaucratic machinery of Ottoman Turkey to show how a dying empire embraced genocide and ethnic cleansing.Although the deportation and killing of Armenians was internationally condemned in 1915 as a crime against humanity and civilization, the Ottoman government initiated a policy of denial that is still maintained by the Turkish Republic. The case for Turkey's official history rests on documents from the Ottoman imperial archives, to which access has been heavily restricted until recently. It is this very source that Akçam now uses to overturn the official narrative.The documents presented here attest to a late-Ottoman policy of Turkification, the goal of which was no less than the radical demographic transformation of Anatolia. To that end, about one-third of Anatolia's 15 million people were displaced, deported, expelled, or massacred, destroying the ethno-religious diversity of an ancient cultural crossroads of East and West, and paving the way for the Turkish Republic.By uncovering the central roles played by demographic engineering and assimilation in the Armenian Genocide, this book will fundamentally change how this crime is understood and show that physical destruction is not the only aspect of the genocidal process.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Totally Unofficial Dan Eshet, 2007 This case study highlighting the story of Raphael Lemkin challenges everyone to think deeply about what it will take for individuals, groups, and nations to take up Lemkin's challenge. To make this material accessible for classrooms, this resource includes several components: an introduction by Genocide scholar Omer Bartov; a historical case study on Lemkin and his legacy; questions for student reflection; suggested resources; a series of lesson plans using the case study; and a selection of primary source documents. Born in 1900, Raphael Lemkin, devoted most of his life to a single goal: making the world understand and recognize a crime so horrific that there was not even a word for it. Lemkin took a step toward his goal in 1944 when he coined the word genocide which means the destruction of a nation or an ethnic group. He said he had created the word by combining the ancient Greek word genos (race, tribe) and the Latin cide (killing). In 1948, three years after the concentration camps of World War ii had been closed forever, the newly formed United Nations used this new word in a treaty that was intended to prevent any future genocides. Lemkin died a decade later. He had lived long enough to see his word widely accepted and also to see the United Nations treaty, called the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide adopted by many nations. But, sadly, recent history reminds everyone that laws and treaties are not enough to prevent genocide. Individual sections contain footnotes.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Genocide in the Middle East Hannibal Travis, 2010 Genocide in the Middle East describes the genocide of the Armenians, Greeks, and Assyrians of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; of the Kurds and other persons living under Saddam Hussein in northern Iraq in the late 1980s; and of the Dinka, Nuba, Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa peoples of Sudan from the 1970s to the present. It situates these crimes in their historical context, as outgrowths of intolerant religious traditions, imperialism and the rise of the nation-state, Cold War insurgencies and counterinsurgencies, and the global competition for resources and markets at the expense of indigenous peoples. This requires a more thorough investigation of the case law on genocide than has been attempted in the literature on genocide to date, including detailed accounts of the prosecutions of the leaders of the Ottoman Empire after World War I, of Saddam Hussein and other Iraqi officials after Operation Iraqi Freedom, and of President Omar Hassan al-Bashir and other leaders of Sudan by the International Criminal Court. Finally, the book explores emerging problems of genocidal terrorism, cultural genocide, and structural genocide due to starvation, disease, and displacement. The field of genocide studies has grown rapidly in recent years, fueled by interest in the Armenian genocide, the wars in the former Yugoslavia and Iraq, and the widespread massacres in southern Sudan and Darfur. While several comparative studies of the Armenian genocide, the Holocaust, and other genocides have been published, none of them focuses on genocide in the Middle East and North Africa since the nineteenth century. This book provides a comprehensive history of genocide in the broader Islamic world, with a particular focus on the twentieth century. It is of interest to general readers, undergraduates, graduate students, academics, journalists, and legal professionals, and will be useful as a text for courses on International Law, International Criminal Law, Law and Religion, Middle East Studies, International Relations, Public Policy, Criminal Justice, or World History. The comprehensive research is breath-takingly evident. This historical account of the lesser know genocidal conflicts is incredibly revealing. Perhaps the best thing one could say about this book is that the familiar adage--''Those who ignore history are bound to repeat it''--reverberates throughout this intensely engaging volume. -- ASIL UN21 Newsletter This ambitious book in its research and coverage tells a sorry tale of mankind''s inhumanity and intolerance over millennia of genocidal deeds and rhetoric. A fast-moving narrative reaches from biblical times to Darfur, describing tragic events accompanied by selective quotations from their participants and observers. Genocide may be a recently invented term, but its occurrences based on a variety of causes and reasons seem to have been a deep part of the human experience of group interactions. -- Henry Steiner, Professor of Law, Emeritus, Harvard Law School, and co-author, International Human Rights in Context: Law, Politics, Morals (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 3d ed. 2007) In Genocide in the Middle East, Hannibal Travis breaks new ground in genocide studies by unveiling the full panoply of genocidal processes in the Middle East and West Asia as no previous scholar has. But he does much more: in terms of its twentieth and twenty-first-century coverage, this is simply the most expansive, detailed, and up-to-date history of genocide we possess. -- Adam Jones, Associate Professor, Political Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan, and author of Genocide: A Comprehensive Introduction (London: Routledge, 2006) Professor Travis'' study of genocide, and the contribution he makes for a better understanding of the Assyrian one, is an invaluable event. ... This is not a book of sociology, but of historical review and analysis. As such, it deserves the highest of accolades. -- Journal of Assyrian Academic Studies
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Great War for Civilisation Robert Fisk, 2007-12-18 A sweeping and dramatic history of the last half century of conflict in the Middle East from an award-winning journalist who has covered the region for over forty years, The Great War for Civilisation unflinchingly chronicles the tragedy of the region from the Algerian Civil War to the Iranian Revolution; from the American hostage crisis in Beirut to the Iran-Iraq War; from the 1991 Gulf War to the American invasion of Iraq in 2003. A book of searing drama as well as lucid, incisive analysis, The Great War for Civilisation is a work of major importance for today's world.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Violence: Probing the Boundaries around the World , 2020-08-10 In Violence: Probing the Boundaries around the World the contributors analyse implicitly and explicitly the conceptualisation of violent processes across the world, as well as the circumstances that enable them to exist, and open ways to imagine valuable interventions. This collection of articles presented on the 11th Global Conference in Prague makes clear how fascinating violence is, and how difficult to cope with and to initiate changes. Through explicit thinking, the book opens ways to develop and to plan relevant initiatives and valuable interventions that are culture sensitive.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Killing Orders Taner Akçam, 2018-01-23 The book represents an earthquake in genocide studies, particularly in the field of Armenian Genocide research. A unique feature of the Armenian Genocide has been the long-standing efforts of successive Turkish governments to deny its historicity and to hide the documentary evidencesurrounding it. This book provides a major clarification of the often blurred lines between facts and truth in regard to these events. The authenticity of the killing orders signed by Ottoman Interior Minister Talat Pasha and the memoirs of the Ottoman bureaucrat Naim Efendi have been two of the most contested topics in this regard. The denialist school has long argued that these documents and memoirs were all forgeries, produced by Armenians to further their claims. Taner Akçam provides the evidence to refute the basis of these claims and demonstrates clearly why the documents can be trusted as authentic, revealing the genocidal intent of the Ottoman-Turkish government towards its Armenian population. As such, this work removes a cornerstone from the denialist edifice, and further establishes the historicity of the Armenian Genocide.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: An Inconvenient Genocide Geoffrey Robertson, 2014-10-16 The most controversial question that is still being asked about the First World War - was there an Armenian genocide? - will come to a head on 24 April 2015, when Armenians worldwide will commemorate its centenary and Turkey will deny that it took place, claiming that the deaths of over half of the Armenian race were justified. This has become a vital international issue. Twenty national parliaments in democratic countries have voted to recognise the genocide, but Britain and the USA continue to equivocate for fear of alienating their NATO ally. Geoffrey Robertson QC condemns this hypocrisy, and in An Inconvenient Genocide he proves beyond reasonable doubt that the horrific events in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 constitute the crime against humanity that is today known as genocide. He explains how democracies can deal with genocide denial without infringing free speech, and makes a major contribution to understanding and preventing this worst of all crimes. His renowned powers of advocacy are on full display as he condemns all those - from Sri Lanka to the Sudan, from Old Anatolia to modern Syria and Iraq - who try to justify the mass murder of children and civilians in the name of military necessity or religious fervour.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Century of Genocide Samuel Totten, William S. Parsons, 2004-05-15 Through powerful first-person accounts, scholarly analyses and historical data, Century of Genocide takes on the task of explaining how and why genocides have been perpetrated throughout the course of the twentieth century. The book assembles a group of international scholars to discuss the causes, results, and ramifications of these genocides: from the Armenians in the Ottoman Empire; to the Jews, Romani, and the mentally and physically handicapped during the Holocaust; and genocides in East Timor, Bangladesh, and Cambodia.The second edition has been fully updated and featu.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Death by Government R. J. Rummel, 2011-12-31 This is R. J. Rummel's fourth book in a series devoted to genocide and government mass murder, or what he calls democide. He presents the primary results, in tables and figures, as well as a historical sketch of the major cases of democide, those in which one million or more people were killed by a regime. In Death by Government, Rummel does not aim to describe democide itself, but to determine its nature and scope in order to test the theory that democracies are inherently nonviolent. Rummel discusses genocide in China, Nazi Germany, Japan, Cambodia, Turkey, Yugoslavia, Poland, the Soviet Union, and Pakistan. He also writes about areas of suspected genocide: North Korea, Mexico, and feudal Russia. His results clearly and decisively show that democracies commit less democide than other regimes. The underlying principle is that the less freedom people have, the greater the violence; the more freedom, the less the violence. Thus, as Rummel says, “The problem is power. The solution is democracy. The course of action is to foster freedom.” Death by Government is a compelling look at the horrors that occur in modern societies. It depicts how democide has been very much a part of human history. Among other examples, the book includes the massacre of Europeans during the Thirty Years' War, the relatively unknown genocide of the French Revolution, and the slaughtering of American Indians by colonists in the New World. This riveting account is an essential tool for historians, political scientists, and scholars interested in the study of genocide.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Genocide Against the Armenians 1915-1923 and the Relevance of the 1948 Genocide Convention Alfred M. De Zayas, 2005
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Genocide Norman M. Naimark, 2017 Genocide occurs in every time period and on every continent. Using the 1948 U.N. definition of genocide as its departure point, this book examines the main episodes in the history of genocide from the beginning of human history to the present. Norman M. Naimark lucidly shows that genocide both changes over time, depending on the character of major historical periods, and remains the same in many of its murderous dynamics. He examines cases of genocide as distinct episodes of mass violence, but also in historical connection with earlier episodes. Unlike much of the literature in genocide studies, Naimark argues that genocide can also involve the elimination of targeted social and political groups, providing an insightful analysis of communist and anti-communist genocide. He pays special attention to settler (sometimes colonial) genocide as a subject of major concern, illuminating how deeply the elimination of indigenous peoples, especially in Africa, South America, and North America, influenced recent historical developments. At the same time, the classic cases of genocide in the twentieth Century - the Armenian Genocide, the Holocaust, Rwanda, and Bosnia -- are discussed, together with recent episodes in Darfur and Congo.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Denial of Violence Fatma Müge Göçek, 2016 Denial of Violence seeks to decipher the roots of the denial by Turkish and Ottoman officials of acts of violence committed against Armenians. Based on a qualitative analysis of over 300 memoirs published in Turkey from 1789 to 2009, Fatma Müge Göçek analyzes denial as a multilayered process that starts with the advent of systematic modernity in the Ottoman Empire in 1789 and continues to this day in the Turkish Republic.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Teaching about Genocide Human Rights Internet, John Jay College of Criminal Justice. Institute for the Study of Genocide, 1992 This guidebook is an outgrowth of a 1991 conference on Teaching about Genocide on the College Level. The book is designed as an introduction to the subject of genocide to encourage more teachers to develop new courses and/or integrate aspects of the history of genocide into the curriculum. The book is divided into two parts. Part 1, Assumptions and Issues, contains the essays: (1) The Uniqueness and Universality of the Holocaust (Michael Berenbaum); (2) Teaching about Genocide in an Age of Genocide (Helen Fein); (3) Presuppositions and Issues about Genocide (Frank Chalk); and (4) Moral Education and Teaching (Mary Johnson). Part 2, Course Syllabi and Assignments, contains materials on selected subject areas, such as anthropology, history, history/sociology, literature, political science, psychology, and sociology. Materials include: Teaching about Genocide (Joyce Freedman-Apsel); (2) Destruction and Survival of Indigenous Societies (Hilda Kuper); (3) Genocide in History (Clive Foss); (4) History of Twentieth Century Genocide (Joyce Freedman-Apsel); (5) Comparative Study of Genocide (Richard Hovannisian); (6) The History and Sociology of Genocide (Frank Chalk; Kurt Jonassohn); (7) Literature of the Holocaust and Genocide (Thomas Klein); (8) Government Repression and Democide (R. J. Rummel); (9) Human Destructiveness and Politics (Roger Smith); (10) The Politics of Genocide (Colin Tatz); (11) Genocide and 'Constructive' Survival (Ron Baker); (12) Kindness and Cruelty: The Psychology of Good and Evil (Ervin Staub); (13)Genocide and Ethnocide (Rhoda Howard); (14) The Comparative Study of Genocide (Leo Kuper); (15) Moral Consciousness and Social Action (Margi Nowak); and (16) Selected List of Comparative Studies on Genocide (Helen Fein). (EH)
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Diversity Style Guide Rachele Kanigel, 2018-10-15 New diversity style guide helps journalists write with authority and accuracy about a complex, multicultural world A companion to the online resource of the same name, The Diversity Style Guide raises the consciousness of journalists who strive to be accurate. Based on studies, news reports and style guides, as well as interviews with more than 50 journalists and experts, it offers the best, most up-to-date advice on writing about underrepresented and often misrepresented groups. Addressing such thorny questions as whether the words Black and White should be capitalized when referring to race and which pronouns to use for people who don't identify as male or female, the book helps readers navigate the minefield of names, terms, labels and colloquialisms that come with living in a diverse society. The Diversity Style Guide comes in two parts. Part One offers enlightening chapters on Why is Diversity So Important; Implicit Bias; Black Americans; Native People; Hispanics and Latinos; Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders; Arab Americans and Muslim Americans; Immigrants and Immigration; Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation; People with Disabilities; Gender Equality in the News Media; Mental Illness, Substance Abuse and Suicide; and Diversity and Inclusion in a Changing Industry. Part Two includes Diversity and Inclusion Activities and an A-Z Guide with more than 500 terms. This guide: Helps journalists, journalism students, and other media writers better understand the context behind hot-button words so they can report with confidence and sensitivity Explores the subtle and not-so-subtle ways that certain words can alienate a source or infuriate a reader Provides writers with an understanding that diversity in journalism is about accuracy and truth, not political correctness. Brings together guidance from more than 20 organizations and style guides into a single handy reference book The Diversity Style Guide is first and foremost a guide for journalists, but it is also an important resource for journalism and writing instructors, as well as other media professionals. In addition, it will appeal to those in other fields looking to make informed choices in their word usage and their personal interactions.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Goodbye, Antoura Karnig Panian, 2015-04-08 “This searing account of a little boy wrenched from family and innocence” during the Armenian genocide “is a literary gem” (Financial Times). When World War I began, Karnig Panian was only five years old, living among his fellow Armenians in the Anatolian village of Gurin. Four years later, American aid workers found him at an orphanage in Antoura, Lebanon. He was among nearly a thousand Armenian and four hundred Kurdish children who had been abandoned by the Turkish administrators, left to survive at the orphanage without adult care. This memoir offers the extraordinary story of what he endured in those years—as his people were deported from their Armenian community, as his family died in a refugee camp in the deserts of Syria, as he survived hunger and mistreatment in the orphanage. The Antoura orphanage was another project of the Armenian genocide: Its administrators, some benign and some cruel, sought to transform the children into Turks by changing their Armenian names, forcing them to speak Turkish, and erasing their history. Panian’s memoir is a full-throated story of loss, resistance, and survival, but told without bitterness or sentimentality. His story shows us how even young children recognize injustice and can organize against it, how they can form a sense of identity that they will fight to maintain. He paints a painfully rich and detailed picture of the lives and agency of Armenian orphans during the darkest days of World War I. Ultimately, Karnig Panian survived the Armenian genocide and the deprivations that followed. Goodbye, Antoura assures us of how humanity, once denied, can be again reclaimed.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Pursuing Justice for Mass Atrocities Sarah McIntosh, 2021-03-18 Pursuing Justice for Mass Atrocities: A Handbook for Victim Groups is an educational resource for victim groups that want to influence or participate in the justice process for mass atrocities. It presents a range of tools that victim groups can use, from building a victim-centered coalition and developing a strategic communications plan to engaging with policy makers and decision makers and using the law to obtain justice.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Ethnic Cleansing During the Cold War Tomasz Kamusella, 2018-07-17 In mid-1989, the Bulgarian communist regime seeking to prop up its legitimacy played the ethnonational card by expelling 360,000 Turks and Muslims across the Iron Curtain to neighboring Turkey. It was the single largest ethnic cleansing during the Cold War in Europe after the wrapping up of the postwar expulsions (‘population transfers’) of ethnic Germans from Central Europe in the latter half of the 1940s. Furthermore, this expulsion of Turks and Muslims from Bulgaria was the sole unilateral act of ethnic cleansing that breached the Iron Curtain. The 1989 ethnic cleansing was followed by an unprecedented return of almost half of the expellees, after the collapse of the Bulgarian communist regime. The return, which partially reversed the effects of this ethnic cleansing, was the first-ever of its kind in history. Despite the unprecedented character of this 1989 expulsion and the subsequent return, not a single research article, let alone a monograph, has been devoted to these momentous developments yet. However, the tragic events shape today’s Bulgaria, while the persisting attempts to suppress the remembrance of the 1989 expulsion continue sharply dividing the country’s inhabitants. Without remembering about this ethnic cleansing it is impossible to explain the fall of the communist system in Bulgaria and the origins of ethnic cleansing during the Yugoslav wars. Faltering Yugoslavia’s future ethnic cleansers took a good note that neither Moscow nor Washington intervened in neighboring Bulgaria to stop the 1989 expulsion, which in light of international law was then still the legal instrument of ‘population transfer.’ The as yet unhealed wound of the 1989 ethnic cleansing negatively affects the Bulgaria’s relations with Turkey and the European Union. It seems that the only way out of this debilitating conundrum is establishing a truth and reconciliation commission that at long last would ensure transitional justice for all Bulgarians irrespective of language, religion or ethnicity.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Stalin's Genocides Norman M. Naimark, 2010-07-19 The chilling story of Stalin’s crimes against humanity Between the early 1930s and his death in 1953, Joseph Stalin had more than a million of his own citizens executed. Millions more fell victim to forced labor, deportation, famine, bloody massacres, and detention and interrogation by Stalin's henchmen. Stalin's Genocides is the chilling story of these crimes. The book puts forward the important argument that brutal mass killings under Stalin in the 1930s were indeed acts of genocide and that the Soviet dictator himself was behind them. Norman Naimark, one of our most respected authorities on the Soviet era, challenges the widely held notion that Stalin's crimes do not constitute genocide, which the United Nations defines as the premeditated killing of a group of people because of their race, religion, or inherent national qualities. In this gripping book, Naimark explains how Stalin became a pitiless mass killer. He looks at the most consequential and harrowing episodes of Stalin's systematic destruction of his own populace—the liquidation and repression of the so-called kulaks, the Ukrainian famine, the purge of nationalities, and the Great Terror—and examines them in light of other genocides in history. In addition, Naimark compares Stalin's crimes with those of the most notorious genocidal killer of them all, Adolf Hitler.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Global Trends 2040 National Intelligence Council, 2021-03 The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic marks the most significant, singular global disruption since World War II, with health, economic, political, and security implications that will ripple for years to come. -Global Trends 2040 (2021) Global Trends 2040-A More Contested World (2021), released by the US National Intelligence Council, is the latest report in its series of reports starting in 1997 about megatrends and the world's future. This report, strongly influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, paints a bleak picture of the future and describes a contested, fragmented and turbulent world. It specifically discusses the four main trends that will shape tomorrow's world: - Demographics-by 2040, 1.4 billion people will be added mostly in Africa and South Asia. - Economics-increased government debt and concentrated economic power will escalate problems for the poor and middleclass. - Climate-a hotter world will increase water, food, and health insecurity. - Technology-the emergence of new technologies could both solve and cause problems for human life. Students of trends, policymakers, entrepreneurs, academics, journalists and anyone eager for a glimpse into the next decades, will find this report, with colored graphs, essential reading.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The International status of education about the Holocaust Carrier, Peter, Fuchs, Eckhardt, Messinger, Torben, Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research (Germany), 2015-01-14 How do schools worldwide treat the Holocaust as a subject? In which countries does the Holocaust form part of classroom teaching? Are representations of the Holocaust always accurate, balanced and unprejudiced in curricula and textbooks? This study, carried out by UNESCO and the Georg Eckert Institute for International Textbook Research, compares for the first time representations of the Holocaust in school textbooks and national curricula. Drawing on data which includes countries in which there exists no or little information about representations of the Holocaust, the study shows where the Holocaust is established in official guidelines, and contains a close textbook study, focusing on the comprehensiveness and accuracy of representations and historical narratives. The book highlights evolving practices worldwide and thus provides education stakeholders with comprehensive documentation about current trends in curricula directives and textbook representations of the Holocaust. It further formulates recommendations that will help policy-makers provide the educational means by which pupils may develop Holocaust literacy.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: World History to 1800 William J. Duiker, Jackson J Spielvogel, PhD, 2003-06 Contains Chapter Outlines, Terms and Persons to Know, Mapwork, Datework, Primary Sourcework, Artwork, Identifying Important Concepts Behind the Conclusion, and new Multiple-choice questions and Web Resources.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Burning Tigris Peter Balakian, 2009-10-13 A New York Times bestseller, The Burning Tigris is “a vivid and comprehensive account” (Los Angeles Times) of the Armenian Genocide and America’s response. Award-winning, critically acclaimed author Peter Balakian presents a riveting narrative of the massacres of the Armenians in the 1890s and of the Armenian Genocide in 1915 at the hands of the Ottoman Turks. Using rarely seen archival documents and remarkable first-person accounts, Balakian presents the chilling history of how the Turkish government implemented the first modern genocide behind the cover of World War I. And in the telling, he resurrects an extraordinary lost chapter of American history. Awarded the Raphael Lemkin Prize for the best scholarly book on genocide by the Institute for Genocide Studies at John Jay College of Criminal Justice/CUNY Graduate Center. “Timely and welcome. . . an overwhelmingly convincing retort to genocide deniers.” —New York Times Book Review “A story of multiplying horror and betrayal. . . . What happened to the Armenians in Turkey was a harbinger of the Holocaust and of the waves of modern mass murder that have swept the world ever since.” —Boston Globe “Encourages America to tap into a forgotten well of knowledge about the genocide and to revive its powerful impulse toward humanitarianism.” —New York Newsday
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Confronting Genocide René Provost, Payam Akhavan, 2010-11-11 “Never again” stands as one the central pledges of the international community following the end of the Second World War, upon full realization of the massive scale of the Nazi extermination programme. Genocide stands as an intolerable assault on a sense of common humanity embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and other fundamental international instruments, including the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide and the United Nations Charter. And yet, since the Second World War, the international community has proven incapable of effectively preventing the occurrence of more genocides in places like Cambodia, Yugoslavia, Rwanda and Sudan. Is genocide actually preventable, or is “ever again” a more accurate catchphrase to capture the reality of this phenomenon? The essays in this volume explore the complex nature of genocide and the relative promise of various avenues identified by the international community to attempt to put a definitive end to its occurrence. Essays focus on a conceptualization of genocide as a social and political phenomenon, on the identification of key actors (Governments, international institutions, the media, civil society, individuals), and on an exploration of the relative promise of different means to prevent genocide (criminal accountability, civil disobedience, shaming, intervention).
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: The Armenian Rebellion at Van Justin McCarthy, 2006-09-29 Presents a long-overdue examination of the actions at Van, an ancient city in southeastern Anatolia, where the Armenian Revolt is believed to have been a precursor to a great massacre of the people of the East.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Totally Unofficial Raphael Lemkin, 2013-06-24 Presents the never-before-published autobiography of Raphael Lemkin, who immigrated to the U.S. during World War II and made it his life's work to fight genocide, a term he coined, with the might of the U.N. Genocide Convention.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Turkey in Turmoil Berna Pekesen, 2020 Turkey in Turmoil is about the roaring 1960s - social conflicts, popular protest, political radicalization, ideologies, students' movements, the Turkish 68ers, women, political violence, guerilla activities, and popular culture. Historians, econ
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Pursuing the Just Cause of Their People Michael Gunter, 1986-08-13 The Armenian terrorist movement is the subject of Michael Gunter's analysis. Beginning with an introductory overview of recent Armenian terrorist attacks against Turkish diplomats and property and perceived allies of the Turks, he then examines historical motivations and goals of the Armenian terrorist movement. Although the present wave of Armenian terrorism began only in the 1970s, Gunter traces its origins to the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. He outlines the so-called Armenian question which resulted in deportations and massacres of the Armenians by Turks during World War I, and questions where responsibility for the actions and reactions of the period lie. Gunter then focuses on the beginnings of the contemporary Armenian terrorism, placing special emphasis on the catalytic influence of the Lebanese Civil War and the Palestinean movement. Gunter analyzes the two main Armenian terrorist organizations in terms of tactics, transnational connections, and the question of Turkish harassment and counterterror. Finally, he draws conclusions and makes recommendations for beginning a process which might eventually terminate this dangerous and destructive state of affairs.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: My Grandmother Fethiye Çetin, 2012-07-04 Growing up in the small town of Maden in Turkey, Fethiye etin knew her grandmother as a happy and respected Muslim housewife called Seher. Only decades later did she discover the truth. Her grandmother's name was not Seher but Heranus. She was born a Christian Armenian. Most of the men in her village had been slaughtered in 1915. A Turkish gendarme had stolen her from her mother and adopted her. etin's family history tied her directly to the terrible origins of modern Turkey and the organized denial of its Ottoman past as the shared home of many faiths and ways of life. A deeply affecting memoir, My Grandmother is also a step towards another kind of Turkey, one that is finally at peace with its past.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Black Dog of Fate Peter Balakian, 2009-02-10 His visions are burning -- his poetry heartbreaking, wrote Elie Wiesel of American poet Peter Balakian. Now, in elegant prose, the prize-winning poet who James Dickey called an extraordinary talent has written a compelling memoir about growing up American in a family that was haunted by a past too fraught with terror to be spoken of openly. Black Dog of Fate is set in the affluent New Jersey suburbs where Balakian -- the firstborn son of his generation -- grew up in a close, extended family. At the center of what was a quintessential American baby boom childhood lay the dark specter of a trauma his forebears had experienced -- the Ottoman Turkish government's extermination of more than a million Armenians in 1915, the century's first genocide. In a story that climaxes to powerful personal and moral revelations, Balakian traces the complex process of discovering the facts of his people's history and the horrifying aftermath of the Turkish government's campaign to cover up one of the worst crimes ever committed against humanity. In describing his awakening to the facts of history, Balakian introduces us to a remarkable family of matriarchs and merchants, physicians, a bishop, and his aunts, two well-known figures in the world of literature. The unforgettable central figure of the story is Balakian's grandmother, a survivor and widow of the Genocide who speaks in fragments of metaphor and myth as she cooks up Armenian delicacies, plays the stock market, and keeps track of the baseball stats of her beloved Yankees. The book is infused with the intense and often comic collision between this family's ancient Near Eastern traditions and the American pop culture of the '50s and '60s.Balakian moves with ease from childhood memory, to history, to his ancestors' lives, to the story of a poet's coming of age. Written with power and grace, Black Dog of Fate unfolds like a tapestry its tale of survival against enormous odds. Through the eyes of a poet, here is the arresting story of a family's journey from its haunted past to a new life in a new world.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Reading Like a Historian Sam Wineburg, Daisy Martin, Chauncey Monte-Sano, 2015-04-26 This practical resource shows you how to apply Sam Wineburgs highly acclaimed approach to teaching, Reading Like a Historian, in your middle and high school classroom to increase academic literacy and spark students curiosity. Chapters cover key moments in American history, beginning with exploration and colonization and ending with the Cuban Missile Crisis.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: A Concise History of the Armenian People George A. Bournoutian, 2002 The first part of the study discusses the origins of the Armenians, the Urartian Kingdom, Armenia and the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Roman, Sasanid and Byzantine periods. It also examines Christinaity in Armenia and the development of an alphabet and literature. The work then continues with the history of Armenia during the Arab, Turkish and Mongol periods. A separate chapter deals with the history of Cilician Armenia and the Crusades. The second part concentrates on the Armenian communities in the Ottoman, Persian, Indian, and Russian empires (1500-1918). It also details the Armenian diaspora in Eastern and Western Europe, Africa, the Arab World, the Far East, and the Americas. The study concludes with lengthy chapters on the history of the three Armenian republics (1918-1920); (1921-1991Soviet Armenia); and the current Armenian republic (1991-2001)
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: Denial: The Final Stage of Genocide? John Cox, Amal Khoury, Sarah Minslow, 2021-09-21 Genocide denial not only abuses history and insults the victims but paves the way for future atrocities. Yet few, if any, books have offered a comparative overview and analysis of this problem. Denial: The Final Stage of Genocide? is a resource for understanding and countering denial. Denial spans a broad geographic and thematic range in its explorations of varied forms of denial—which is embedded in each stage of genocide. Ranging far beyond the most well-known cases of denial, this book offers original, pathbreaking arguments and contributions regarding: competition over commemoration and public memory in Ukraine and elsewhere transitional justice in post-conflict societies; global violence against transgender people, which genocide scholars have not adequately confronted; music as a means to recapture history and combat denial; public education’s role in erasing Indigenous history and promoting settler-colonial ideology in the United States; triumphalism as a new variant of denial following the Bosnian Genocide; denial vis-à-vis Rwanda and neighboring Congo (DRC). With contributions from leading genocide experts as well as emerging scholars, this book will be of interest to scholars and students of history, genocide studies, anthropology, political science, international law, gender studies, and human rights.
  armenian genocide definition ap world history: World War I Poetry Edith Wharton, Wilfred Owen, Rupert Brooke, Siegfried Sassoon, 2017-09-21 The horrors of the First World War released a great outburst of emotional poetry from the soldiers who fought in it as well as many other giants of world literature. Wilfred Owen, Rupert Brooke and W B Yeats are just some of the poets whose work is featured in this anthology. The raw emotion unleashed in these poems still has the power to move readers today. As well as poems detailing the miseries of war there are poems on themes of bravery, friendship and loyalty, and this collection shows how even in the depths of despair the human spirit can still triumph.
Brief Histories The Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923
Armenian people are known as the Armenian Genocide. Genocide In 1915, leaders of the Young Turk government began to eliminate its Armenian population through political orders of forced …

Armenian Genocide - oerproject.com
From 1915 to 1917, over one million Armenians died. Chances are you’ve heard the word “genocide” before. The Holocaust during World War II was considered an act of genocide, for …

The Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923 - Echoes & Reflections
From 1915- 1923, an estimated 1-1,500,000 Armenians were murdered or died through mass executions, deportation marches, forced starvation, and other brutalities by order of a …

The Armenian Genocide of 1915 - Armenian Church Library …
These lessons and study guide on the Armenian Genocide of 1915 have been developed to address WH II, 11b: examples of other genocides (in addition to the Holocaust). The Armenian …

AP World History - Edublogs
Explain the causes and consequences of World War I. Explain how governments used a variety of methods to conduct war. Explain how different governments responded to economic crisis …

Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History (book)
Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History The History of the Armenian Genocide Vahakn N. Dadrian,2003 Dadrian a former professor at SUNY Geneseo currently directs a genocide …

Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History Full PDF
The Armenian Genocide, a devastating event in early 20th-century history, remains a complex and emotionally charged topic. For AP World History students, grasping its definition, causes, …

The Genocide Against The Armenians 1915-1923 And The …
Between 1915 and 1923, hundreds of thousands of Armenians would be systematically exterminated or deported; Armenian towns and villages would be erased from Ottoman geog- …

GREAT WAR, FLAWED PEACE, AND THE LASTING …
› Define genocide; › Describe the Armenian massacres during World War I; and › Explain and defend their position on whether or not the Armenian massacres were genocide. WHAT IS …

The Armenian Genocide: Review of Its Historical, Political
During World War I, the authorities of the Turkish Ottoman Empire carried out one of the largest genocides in world history, destroying huge portions of its minority Armenian population.

The Armenian Genocide - Genocide Education
The Armenian Genocide: A Documentary by Andrew Goldberg Supplemental Teaching Guide by The Genocide Education Project 1 INTRODUCTION The Armenian Genocide (1915-1923) was …

The Armenian Genocide and the World - levantine-journal.org
For a hundred years the Armenian Genocide has been a highly contentious topic. Yet despite attempts by official and unofficial Turkish denialism to marginalize it, the subject has had a …

THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE, 1915-1923
Apr 12, 2023 · From 1915- 1923, an estimated 1-1,500,000 Armenians were murdered or died through mass executions, deportation marches, forced starvation, and other brutalities by …

THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AND THE RUSE OF …
The Armenian Genocide, beginning in 1915, was the supremely violent historical moment that removed a people from its homeland and wiped away most of the tangible evidence of its …

Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History Copy
The Armenian Genocide in Perspective Stephen R. Graubard,Richard G. Hovannisian,2017-09-20 Seven decades after the destruction of the Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire the …

Introduction: The Armenian Genocide: Perpetration, Denial
During World War I, as the rest of the world looked on, the Ottoman Empire carried out one of the largest genocides in the world's history, slaughtering huge portions of its minority Armenian …

Comprehensive Lesson Plans for Teachers - Genocide …
A FLEXIBLE PLAN FOR TEACHING THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE Part I Days 1-3 Includes pre-homework, movie, primary source reading and discussion of the United Nations’ Declaration of …

part II 5. the 1915 armenIan genoCIde: a Very Short hIStory
5. the 1915 armenIan genoCIde: a Very Short hIStory The 1915 Armenian genocide is not widely known and took place during World War I. In the declining Ottoman Empire, the elite of the …

“They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else”: Explaining …
History at the University of Michigan his is the story of why, when, and how the genocide of the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire happened. It is a story of a moment of historical passage, …

A Brief History of the Armenian Genocide - Genocide …
A Brief History of the Armenian Genocide Sara Cohan “I am confident that the whole history of the human race con-tains no such horrible episode as this. The great massacres and persecutions …

Brief Histories The Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923
Armenian people are known as the Armenian Genocide. Genocide In 1915, leaders of the Young Turk government began to eliminate its Armenian population through political orders of forced …

Armenian Genocide - oerproject.com
From 1915 to 1917, over one million Armenians died. Chances are you’ve heard the word “genocide” before. The Holocaust during World War II was considered an act of genocide, for …

The Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923 - Echoes & Reflections
From 1915- 1923, an estimated 1-1,500,000 Armenians were murdered or died through mass executions, deportation marches, forced starvation, and other brutalities by order of a …

The Armenian Genocide of 1915 - Armenian Church Library …
These lessons and study guide on the Armenian Genocide of 1915 have been developed to address WH II, 11b: examples of other genocides (in addition to the Holocaust). The Armenian …

AP World History - Edublogs
Explain the causes and consequences of World War I. Explain how governments used a variety of methods to conduct war. Explain how different governments responded to economic crisis …

Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History (book)
Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History The History of the Armenian Genocide Vahakn N. Dadrian,2003 Dadrian a former professor at SUNY Geneseo currently directs a genocide …

Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History Full PDF
The Armenian Genocide, a devastating event in early 20th-century history, remains a complex and emotionally charged topic. For AP World History students, grasping its definition, causes, …

The Genocide Against The Armenians 1915-1923 And The …
Between 1915 and 1923, hundreds of thousands of Armenians would be systematically exterminated or deported; Armenian towns and villages would be erased from Ottoman geog- …

GREAT WAR, FLAWED PEACE, AND THE LASTING LEGACY OF …
› Define genocide; › Describe the Armenian massacres during World War I; and › Explain and defend their position on whether or not the Armenian massacres were genocide. WHAT IS …

The Armenian Genocide: Review of Its Historical, Political
During World War I, the authorities of the Turkish Ottoman Empire carried out one of the largest genocides in world history, destroying huge portions of its minority Armenian population.

The Armenian Genocide - Genocide Education
The Armenian Genocide: A Documentary by Andrew Goldberg Supplemental Teaching Guide by The Genocide Education Project 1 INTRODUCTION The Armenian Genocide (1915-1923) …

The Armenian Genocide and the World - levantine-journal.org
For a hundred years the Armenian Genocide has been a highly contentious topic. Yet despite attempts by official and unofficial Turkish denialism to marginalize it, the subject has had a …

THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE, 1915-1923
Apr 12, 2023 · From 1915- 1923, an estimated 1-1,500,000 Armenians were murdered or died through mass executions, deportation marches, forced starvation, and other brutalities by …

THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE AND THE RUSE OF PROTECTIVE …
The Armenian Genocide, beginning in 1915, was the supremely violent historical moment that removed a people from its homeland and wiped away most of the tangible evidence of its …

Armenian Genocide Definition Ap World History Copy
The Armenian Genocide in Perspective Stephen R. Graubard,Richard G. Hovannisian,2017-09-20 Seven decades after the destruction of the Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire the …

Introduction: The Armenian Genocide: Perpetration, …
During World War I, as the rest of the world looked on, the Ottoman Empire carried out one of the largest genocides in the world's history, slaughtering huge portions of its minority Armenian …

Comprehensive Lesson Plans for Teachers - Genocide Education
A FLEXIBLE PLAN FOR TEACHING THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE Part I Days 1-3 Includes pre-homework, movie, primary source reading and discussion of the United Nations’ Declaration of …

part II 5. the 1915 armenIan genoCIde: a Very Short hIStory
5. the 1915 armenIan genoCIde: a Very Short hIStory The 1915 Armenian genocide is not widely known and took place during World War I. In the declining Ottoman Empire, the elite of the …

“They Can Live in the Desert but Nowhere Else”: Explaining …
History at the University of Michigan his is the story of why, when, and how the genocide of the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire happened. It is a story of a moment of historical passage, …