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artificial intelligence benefits in business: The AI Advantage Thomas H. Davenport, 2019-08-06 Cutting through the hype, a practical guide to using artificial intelligence for business benefits and competitive advantage. In The AI Advantage, Thomas Davenport offers a guide to using artificial intelligence in business. He describes what technologies are available and how companies can use them for business benefits and competitive advantage. He cuts through the hype of the AI craze—remember when it seemed plausible that IBM's Watson could cure cancer?—to explain how businesses can put artificial intelligence to work now, in the real world. His key recommendation: don't go for the “moonshot” (curing cancer, or synthesizing all investment knowledge); look for the “low-hanging fruit” to make your company more efficient. Davenport explains that the business value AI offers is solid rather than sexy or splashy. AI will improve products and processes and make decisions better informed—important but largely invisible tasks. AI technologies won't replace human workers but augment their capabilities, with smart machines to work alongside smart people. AI can automate structured and repetitive work; provide extensive analysis of data through machine learning (“analytics on steroids”), and engage with customers and employees via chatbots and intelligent agents. Companies should experiment with these technologies and develop their own expertise. Davenport describes the major AI technologies and explains how they are being used, reports on the AI work done by large commercial enterprises like Amazon and Google, and outlines strategies and steps to becoming a cognitive corporation. This book provides an invaluable guide to the real-world future of business AI. A book in the Management on the Cutting Edge series, published in cooperation with MIT Sloan Management Review. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence Harvard Business Review, 2019 Companies that don't use AI to their advantage will soon be left behind. Artificial intelligence and machine learning will drive a massive reshaping of the economy and society. What should you and your company be doing right now to ensure that your business is poised for success? These articles by AI experts and consultants will help you understand today's essential thinking on what AI is capable of now, how to adopt it in your organization, and how the technology is likely to evolve in the near future. Artificial Intelligence: The Insights You Need from Harvard Business Review will help you spearhead important conversations, get going on the right AI initiatives for your company, and capitalize on the opportunity of the machine intelligence revolution. Catch up on current topics and deepen your understanding of them with the Insights You Need series from Harvard Business Review. Featuring some of HBR's best and most recent thinking, Insights You Need titles are both a primer on today's most pressing issues and an extension of the conversation, with interesting research, interviews, case studies, and practical ideas to help you explore how a particular issue will impact your company and what it will mean for you and your business. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence and its Impact on Business Wolfgang Amann, Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch, 2020-06-01 Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are one of top investment priorities in these days. They are aimed at finding applications in fields of special value for humans, including education. The fourth industrial revolution will replace not only human hands but also human brains, the time of machines requires new forms of work and new ways of business education, however we must be aware that if there is no control of human-chatbot interaction, there is a risk of losing sight of this interaction’s goal. First, it is important to get people to truly understand AI systems, to intentionally participate in their use, as well as to build their trust, because “the measure of success for AI applications is the value they create for human lives” (Stanford University 2016, 33). Consequently, society needs to adapt to AI applications if it is to extend its benefits and mitigate the inevitable errors and failures. This is why it is highly recommended to create new AI-powered tools for education that are the result of cooperation between AI researchers and humanities’ and social sciences’ researchers, who can identify cognitive processes and human behaviors. This book is authored by a range of international experts with a diversity of backgrounds and perspectives hopefully bringing us closer to the responses for the questions what we should teach (what the ‘right’ set of future skills is), how we should teach (the way in which schools should teach and assess them) and where we should teach (what implications does AI have for today’s education infrastructure). We must remember as we have already noticed before “…education institutions would need to ensure that that they have an appropriate infrastructure, as well as the safety and credibility of AI-based systems. Ultimately, the law and policies need to adjust to the rapid pace of AI development, because the formal responsibility for appropriate learning outcomes will in future be divided between a teacher and a machine. Above all, we should ensure that AI respect human and civil rights (Stachowicz-Stanusch, Amann, 2018)”. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence for Business Rajendra Akerkar, 2018-08-11 This book offers a practical guide to artificial intelligence (AI) techniques that are used in business. The book does not focus on AI models and algorithms, but instead provides an overview of the most popular and frequently used models in business. This allows the book to easily explain AI paradigms and concepts for business students and executives. Artificial Intelligence for Business is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 begins with a brief introduction to AI and describes its relationship with machine learning, data science and big data analytics. Chapter 2 presents core machine learning workflow and the most effective machine learning techniques. Chapter 3 deals with deep learning, a popular technique for developing AI applications. Chapter 4 introduces recommendation engines for business and covers how to use them to be more competitive. Chapter 5 features natural language processing (NLP) for sentiment analysis focused on emotions. With the help of sentiment analysis, businesses can understand their customers better to improve their experience, which will help the businesses change their market position. Chapter 6 states potential business prospects of AI and the benefits that companies can realize by implementing AI in their processes. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence in Practice Bernard Marr, 2019-04-15 Cyber-solutions to real-world business problems Artificial Intelligence in Practice is a fascinating look into how companies use AI and machine learning to solve problems. Presenting 50 case studies of actual situations, this book demonstrates practical applications to issues faced by businesses around the globe. The rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence has expanded beyond research labs and computer science departments and made its way into the mainstream business environment. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are cited as the most important modern business trends to drive success. It is used in areas ranging from banking and finance to social media and marketing. This technology continues to provide innovative solutions to businesses of all sizes, sectors and industries. This engaging and topical book explores a wide range of cases illustrating how businesses use AI to boost performance, drive efficiency, analyse market preferences and many others. Best-selling author and renowned AI expert Bernard Marr reveals how machine learning technology is transforming the way companies conduct business. This detailed examination provides an overview of each company, describes the specific problem and explains how AI facilitates resolution. Each case study provides a comprehensive overview, including some technical details as well as key learning summaries: Understand how specific business problems are addressed by innovative machine learning methods Explore how current artificial intelligence applications improve performance and increase efficiency in various situations Expand your knowledge of recent AI advancements in technology Gain insight on the future of AI and its increasing role in business and industry Artificial Intelligence in Practice: How 50 Successful Companies Used Artificial Intelligence to Solve Problems is an insightful and informative exploration of the transformative power of technology in 21st century commerce. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: The AI-Powered Enterprise Seth Earley, 2020-04-28 Learn how to develop and employ an ontology, the secret weapon for successfully using artificial intelligence to create a powerful competitive advantage in your business. The AI-Powered Enterprise examines two fundamental questions: First, how will the future be different as a result of artificial intelligence? And second, what must companies do to stake their claim on that future? When the Web came along in the mid-90s, it transformed the behavior of customers and remade whole industries. Now, as part of its promise to bring revolutionary change in untold ways to human activity, artificial intelligence--AI--is about to create another complete transformation in how companies create and deliver value to customers. But despite the billions spent so far on bots and other tools, AI continues to stumble. Why can't it magically use all the data organizations generate to make them run faster and better? Because something is missing. AI works only when it understands the soul of the business. An ontology is a holistic digital model of every piece of information that matters to the business, from processes to products to people, and it's what makes the difference between the promise of AI and delivering on that promise. Business leaders who want to catch the AI wave--rather than be crushed by it--need to read The AI-Powered Enterprise. The book is the first to combine a sophisticated explanation of how AI works with a practical approach to applying AI to the problems of business, from customer experience to business operations to product development. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Business Steven Finlay, 2018-07 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning are now mainstream business tools. They are being applied across many industries to increase profits, reduce costs, save lives and improve customer experiences. Organizations which understand these tools and know how to use them are benefiting at the expense of their rivals. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Business cuts through the hype and technical jargon that is often associated with these subjects. It delivers a simple and concise introduction for managers and business people. The focus is very much on practical application and how to work with technical specialists (data scientists) to maximize the benefits of these technologies. This third edition has been substantially revised and updated. It contains several new chapters and covers a broader set of topics than before, but retains the no-nonsense style of the original. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: The AI-First Company Ash Fontana, 2021-05-04 Artificial Intelligence is transforming every industry, but if you want to win with AI, you have to put it first on your priority list. AI-First companies are the only trillion-dollar companies, and soon they will dominate even more industries, more definitively than ever before. These companies succeed by design--they collect valuable data from day one and use it to train predictive models that automate core functions. As a result, they learn faster and outpace the competition in the process. Thankfully, you don't need a Ph.D. to learn how to win with AI. In The AI-First Company, internationally-renowned startup investor Ash Fontana offers an executable guide for applying AI to business problems. It's a playbook made for real companies, with real budgets, that need strategies and tactics to effectively implement AI. Whether you're a new online retailer or a Fortune 500 company, Fontana will teach you how to: • Identify the most valuable data; • Build the teams that build AI; • Integrate AI with existing processes and keep it in check; • Measure and communicate its effectiveness; • Reinvest the profits from automation to compound competitive advantage. If the last fifty years were about getting AI to work in the lab, the next fifty years will be about getting AI to work for people, businesses, and society. It's not about building the right software -- it's about building the right AI. The AI-First Company is your guide to winning with artificial intelligence. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Competing in the Age of AI Marco Iansiti, Karim R. Lakhani, 2020-01-07 a provocative new book — The New York Times AI-centric organizations exhibit a new operating architecture, redefining how they create, capture, share, and deliver value. Now with a new preface that explores how the coronavirus crisis compelled organizations such as Massachusetts General Hospital, Verizon, and IKEA to transform themselves with remarkable speed, Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani show how reinventing the firm around data, analytics, and AI removes traditional constraints on scale, scope, and learning that have restricted business growth for hundreds of years. From Airbnb to Ant Financial, Microsoft to Amazon, research shows how AI-driven processes are vastly more scalable than traditional processes, allow massive scope increase, enabling companies to straddle industry boundaries, and create powerful opportunities for learning—to drive ever more accurate, complex, and sophisticated predictions. When traditional operating constraints are removed, strategy becomes a whole new game, one whose rules and likely outcomes this book will make clear. Iansiti and Lakhani: Present a framework for rethinking business and operating models Explain how collisions between AI-driven/digital and traditional/analog firms are reshaping competition, altering the structure of our economy, and forcing traditional companies to rearchitect their operating models Explain the opportunities and risks created by digital firms Describe the new challenges and responsibilities for the leaders of both digital and traditional firms Packed with examples—including many from the most powerful and innovative global, AI-driven competitors—and based on research in hundreds of firms across many sectors, this is your essential guide for rethinking how your firm competes and operates in the era of AI. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence for a Better Future Bernd Carsten Stahl, 2021-03-17 This open access book proposes a novel approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI) ethics. AI offers many advantages: better and faster medical diagnoses, improved business processes and efficiency, and the automation of boring work. But undesirable and ethically problematic consequences are possible too: biases and discrimination, breaches of privacy and security, and societal distortions such as unemployment, economic exploitation and weakened democratic processes. There is even a prospect, ultimately, of super-intelligent machines replacing humans. The key question, then, is: how can we benefit from AI while addressing its ethical problems? This book presents an innovative answer to the question by presenting a different perspective on AI and its ethical consequences. Instead of looking at individual AI techniques, applications or ethical issues, we can understand AI as a system of ecosystems, consisting of numerous interdependent technologies, applications and stakeholders. Developing this idea, the book explores how AI ecosystems can be shaped to foster human flourishing. Drawing on rich empirical insights and detailed conceptual analysis, it suggests practical measures to ensure that AI is used to make the world a better place. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: AI for People and Business Alex Castrounis, 2019-07-05 If you’re an executive, manager, or anyone interested in leveraging AI within your organization, this is your guide. You’ll understand exactly what AI is, learn how to identify AI opportunities, and develop and execute a successful AI vision and strategy. Alex Castrounis, business consultant and former IndyCar engineer and race strategist, examines the value of AI and shows you how to develop an AI vision and strategy that benefits both people and business. AI is exciting, powerful, and game changing—but too many AI initiatives end in failure. With this book, you’ll explore the risks, considerations, trade-offs, and constraints for pursuing an AI initiative. You’ll learn how to create better human experiences and greater business success through winning AI solutions and human-centered products. Use the book’s AIPB Framework to conduct end-to-end, goal-driven innovation and value creation with AI Define a goal-aligned AI vision and strategy for stakeholders, including businesses, customers, and users Leverage AI successfully by focusing on concepts such as scientific innovation and AI readiness and maturity Understand the importance of executive leadership for pursuing AI initiatives A must read for business executives and managers interested in learning about AI and unlocking its benefits. Alex Castrounis has simplified complex topics so that anyone can begin to leverage AI within their organization. - Dan Park, GM & Director, Uber Alex Castrounis has been at the forefront of helping organizations understand the promise of AI and leverage its benefits, while avoiding the many pitfalls that can derail success. In this essential book, he shares his expertise with the rest of us. - Dean Wampler, Ph.D., VP, Fast Data Engineering at Lightbend |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare Adam Bohr, Kaveh Memarzadeh, 2020-06-21 Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare is more than a comprehensive introduction to artificial intelligence as a tool in the generation and analysis of healthcare data. The book is split into two sections where the first section describes the current healthcare challenges and the rise of AI in this arena. The ten following chapters are written by specialists in each area, covering the whole healthcare ecosystem. First, the AI applications in drug design and drug development are presented followed by its applications in the field of cancer diagnostics, treatment and medical imaging. Subsequently, the application of AI in medical devices and surgery are covered as well as remote patient monitoring. Finally, the book dives into the topics of security, privacy, information sharing, health insurances and legal aspects of AI in healthcare. - Highlights different data techniques in healthcare data analysis, including machine learning and data mining - Illustrates different applications and challenges across the design, implementation and management of intelligent systems and healthcare data networks - Includes applications and case studies across all areas of AI in healthcare data |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Using Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Katie King, 2019-02-03 Artificial intelligence (AI) is paving the way for the future of marketing and business transformation, yet many organizations struggle to know exactly how and where to integrate it. This book is the ultimate guide to embracing the opportunity that AI can bring for your marketing. With AI forecasted to boost global GDP by 14% by 2030, an efficient and sustainable AI marketing strategy is now essential to avoid losing the competitive edge. Using Artificial Intelligence in Marketing provides the definitive, practical framework needed for marketers to identify, apply and embrace the opportunity to maximize the results and business advancement that AI can bring. Streamlining efficiencies into every business practice, AI automates simpler, repetitive tasks with unrivalled accuracy, allowing sales and marketing teams to return their attention to where human interaction is most valuable: strategy, creativity and personal connection. Using Artificial Intelligence in Marketing outlines key marketing benefits such as accurate market research samples, immediate big data insights and brand-safe content creation, right through to the on-demand customer service that is now expected 24/7. It also explores the inevitable myths, concerns and ethical questions that can arise from the large-scale adoption of AI. This book is an essential read for every 21st century marketer. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: The Executive Guide to Artificial Intelligence Andrew Burgess, 2017-11-15 This book takes a pragmatic and hype–free approach to explaining artificial intelligence and how it can be utilised by businesses today. At the core of the book is a framework, developed by the author, which describes in non–technical language the eight core capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Each of these capabilities, ranging from image recognition, through natural language processing, to prediction, is explained using real–life examples and how they can be applied in a business environment. It will include interviews with executives who have successfully implemented AI as well as CEOs from AI vendors and consultancies. AI is one of the most talked about technologies in business today. It has the ability to deliver step–change benefits to organisations and enables forward–thinking CEOs to rethink their business models or create completely new businesses. But most of the real value of AI is hidden behind marketing hyperbole, confusing terminology, inflated expectations and dire warnings of ‘robot overlords’. Any business executive that wants to know how to exploit AI in their business today is left confused and frustrated. As an advisor in Artificial Intelligence, Andrew Burgess regularly comes face–to–face with business executives who are struggling to cut through the hype that surrounds AI. The knowledge and experience he has gained in advising them, as well as working as a strategic advisor to AI vendors and consultancies, has provided him with the skills to help business executives understand what AI is and how they can exploit its many benefits. Through the distilled knowledge included in this book business leaders will be able to take full advantage of this most disruptive of technologies and create substantial competitive advantage for their companies. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence in Society OECD, 2019-06-11 The artificial intelligence (AI) landscape has evolved significantly from 1950 when Alan Turing first posed the question of whether machines can think. Today, AI is transforming societies and economies. It promises to generate productivity gains, improve well-being and help address global challenges, such as climate change, resource scarcity and health crises. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence Philip C. Jackson, 2019-08-14 Can computers think? Can they use reason to develop their own concepts, solve complex problems, understand our languages? This updated edition of a comprehensive survey includes extensive new text on Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century, introducing deep neural networks, conceptual graphs, languages of thought, mental models, metacognition, economic prospects, and research toward human-level AI. Ideal for both lay readers and students of computer science, the original text features abundant illustrations, diagrams, and photographs as well as challenging exercises. Lucid, easy-to-read discussions examine problem-solving methods and representations, game playing, automated understanding of natural languages, heuristic search theory, robot systems, heuristic scene analysis, predicate-calculus theorem proving, automatic programming, and many other topics. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence Business Applications William J Ford, 2020-09-10 Have you been hearing all the great things that artificial intelligence can do and wish you could take advantage of this transformational technology to give your business an edge over the competition? And are you looking for a guide that will introduce you to the world of practical AI, broken down in a language you understand so that you can introduce it to your business, even if you don't have a big budget? If you've answered YES, keep reading... You Are About To Discover Exactly How It Is Possible To Introduce Artificial Intelligence To Any Business And Reap Huge Benefits Out Of This Adoption! If you are often wondering how to apply AI to transform your business and boost your competitive advantage, then you came to the right place! As you know, IT is no longer just about codifying business logic and automating processes. Instead, insight is everything; it's the new currency. The speed at which you can scale that insight and its knowledge is the basis of value creation and is an important part of competitive advantage. While most organizations are still in the first phases of their data science journey and trying to figure out how to utilize AI to transform their businesses, you are already giving yourself a head start in a big way by coming here. This book is here to unleash actionable insights about AI and its application to help you increase efficiency in all aspects of your business by answering pertinent questions such as: What does AI mean in business? How do you get started with AI as a total beginner? What are some of the secrets of AI no one will tell you? What ways can AI benefit your business? How can you boost important operations like marketing with AI? In other words, you'll learn everything you need in simple, practical steps to confidently begin your journey of transforming your business effortlessly. Here're some of the things you should expect to discover: What artificial intelligence is all about, including how it is being used as well as its potential uses The ins and outs of machine learning, including its place in artificial intelligence, how it works and more The difference and features of supervised and unsupervised models How AI would benefit your business What you really need to know about AI as a business leader Important secrets about the planning unit of AI How to utilize AI to boost your marketing How to utilize AI to social media How artificial intelligence will change the nature of business in the future 12 of the best artificial intelligence tools you need to consider in the market today ...And much more! Adopting artificial intelligence early enough is important for any forward-looking company to create business value and set the stage to improve its business models and processes. You can imagine how you'd feel reaching your target productivity gains through AI. You can imagine how much valuable your company would be when you finally have advanced automated interactions, better customer intimacy, improved analysis and so forth with the help of AI. It would be a dream come true, wouldn't it? I bet it would, but it all starts with a single step, even if you feel ill-equipped to get started.... Click Buy Now With 1-Click or Buy Now at the top of the page to get started! |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: The Economics of Artificial Intelligence Ajay Agrawal, Joshua Gans, Avi Goldfarb, Catherine Tucker, 2024-03-05 A timely investigation of the potential economic effects, both realized and unrealized, of artificial intelligence within the United States healthcare system. In sweeping conversations about the impact of artificial intelligence on many sectors of the economy, healthcare has received relatively little attention. Yet it seems unlikely that an industry that represents nearly one-fifth of the economy could escape the efficiency and cost-driven disruptions of AI. The Economics of Artificial Intelligence: Health Care Challenges brings together contributions from health economists, physicians, philosophers, and scholars in law, public health, and machine learning to identify the primary barriers to entry of AI in the healthcare sector. Across original papers and in wide-ranging responses, the contributors analyze barriers of four types: incentives, management, data availability, and regulation. They also suggest that AI has the potential to improve outcomes and lower costs. Understanding both the benefits of and barriers to AI adoption is essential for designing policies that will affect the evolution of the healthcare system. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Business Management Sandeep Kumar Panda, Vaibhav Mishra, R. Balamurali, Ahmed A. Elngar, 2021-11-04 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Business Management The focus of this book is to introduce artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technologies into the context of business management. The book gives insights into the implementation and impact of AI and ML to business leaders, managers, technology developers, and implementers. With the maturing use of AI or ML in the field of business intelligence, this book examines several projects with innovative uses of AI beyond data organization and access. It follows the Predictive Modeling Toolkit for providing new insight on how to use improved AI tools in the field of business. It explores cultural heritage values and risk assessments for mitigation and conservation and discusses on-shore and off-shore technological capabilities with spatial tools for addressing marketing and retail strategies, and insurance and healthcare systems. Taking a multidisciplinary approach for using AI, this book provides a single comprehensive reference resource for undergraduate, graduate, business professionals, and related disciplines. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Challenges and Opportunities of Corporate Governance Transformation in the Digital Era Kuznetsov, Mikhail Yevgenievich, Nikishova, Maria Igorevna, 2019-12-27 While corporate governance has been a successful concept throughout the centuries, it is in question whether this concept can remain sustainable in the digital era and during a time of technological and managerial disruption. Under the pressure of new economic, social, and ecologic challenges, it is vital to understand how this concept needs to transform. Challenges and Opportunities of Corporate Governance Transformation in the Digital Era is an essential reference source that discusses concepts, trends, and forecasts of corporate governance and examines its transformation under the pressure of new technologies and economic changes. Featuring research on topics such as corporate identity, e-commerce, and cost management, this book is ideally designed for corporate leaders, managers, executives, business professionals, consultants, professors, researchers, and students. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: The AI Book Ivana Bartoletti, Anne Leslie, Shân M. Millie, 2020-06-29 Written by prominent thought leaders in the global fintech space, The AI Book aggregates diverse expertise into a single, informative volume and explains what artifical intelligence really means and how it can be used across financial services today. Key industry developments are explained in detail, and critical insights from cutting-edge practitioners offer first-hand information and lessons learned. Coverage includes: · Understanding the AI Portfolio: from machine learning to chatbots, to natural language processing (NLP); a deep dive into the Machine Intelligence Landscape; essentials on core technologies, rethinking enterprise, rethinking industries, rethinking humans; quantum computing and next-generation AI · AI experimentation and embedded usage, and the change in business model, value proposition, organisation, customer and co-worker experiences in today’s Financial Services Industry · The future state of financial services and capital markets – what’s next for the real-world implementation of AITech? · The innovating customer – users are not waiting for the financial services industry to work out how AI can re-shape their sector, profitability and competitiveness · Boardroom issues created and magnified by AI trends, including conduct, regulation & oversight in an algo-driven world, cybersecurity, diversity & inclusion, data privacy, the ‘unbundled corporation’ & the future of work, social responsibility, sustainability, and the new leadership imperatives · Ethical considerations of deploying Al solutions and why explainable Al is so important |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Beyond Disruption George P. Shultz, Jim Hoagland, James Timbie, 2018-06-01 In Beyond Disruption: Technology's Challenge to Governance, George P. Shultz, Jim Hoagland, and James Timbie present views from some of the country's top experts in the sciences, humanities, and military that scrutinize the rise of post-millennium technologies in today's global society. They contemplate both the benefits and peril carried by the unprecedented speed of these innovations—from genetic editing, which enables us new ways to control infectious diseases, to social media, whose ubiquitous global connections threaten the function of democracies across the world. Some techniques, like the advent of machine learning, have enabled engineers to create systems that will make us more productive. For example, self-driving vehicles promise to make trucking safer, faster, and cheaper. However, using big data and artificial intelligence to automate complex tasks also ends up threatening to disrupt both routine professions like taxi driving and cognitive work by accountants, radiologists, lawyers, and even computer programmers themselves. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence Business Applications John Medicine, 2020-10-07 Do you want to modernize your business and to be ahead from competitors by applying Artificial Intelligence to it? Want to learn the strategies to do that? If so then keep reading. Artificial intelligence technology has progressed so fast that many business leaders find themselves faced with the task of integrating all this new tech into how they do business. This can a challenge for leaders and others whose core business function is not directly related to artificial intelligence or computer science. This makes artificial intelligence an often-daunting subject for many people noticing the AI changes around them, but this does not have to be an overwhelming subject. Artificial intelligence can be simply applied to business marketing strategies, social media engagement, and a host of other business functions. These AI applications can be accomplished no matter what the skill level of the user is. Artificial Intelligence Business Applications: A New Approach to AI and Machine Learning in Modern Business and Marketing, for Beginners and Advanced will teach readers how they can benefit from the AI wave to keep themselves and their business endeavors up to date. The benefits of users to keeping on track of AI changes is obvious. AI allows businesses to link their data to AI, which can allow the business and the technology to evolve together. Business leaders are faced left with the question of how to bring artificial intelligence into their business, and sometimes this is as simple as recording data measures electronically so that AI can access it and use it to make powerful recommendations. As the intelligence demonstrated by machines, AI will become more prominent and important as AI capabilities increase. From a practical standpoint, this means that businesses are faced with the reality of incorporating AI into their operations now or face being left so far behind that they will be relegated to playing an endless game of catchup. In Artificial Intelligence Business Applications: A New Approach to AI and Machine Learning in Modern Business and Marketing, for Beginners and Advanced, readers will learn not only the business strategies they can use to keep up with artificial intelligence, but the many powerful applications that AI can have in business, from automation of business processes and machine learning, to predicting customer behavior and product pricing. You will learn: - What Business Leaders Need To Know About AI - Insights into AI Systems - The most important thing in AI - How to build AI strategies for your business - How to build Machine Learning Models - How to apply AI to Marketing and Social Media - 10 AI Trends for Businesses and much more! Even if you are a complete beginner, your education in artificial intelligence, so that you can use it to accomplish all of your business goals, begins here. Click the Buy Now button to get started! |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence for Business Ana Landeta Echeberria, 2022-01-22 This book seeks to build a shared understanding of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the global business scenario today and in the near future. Drawing on academic theory and real-world case studies, it examines AI’s development and application across a number of business contexts. Taking current scholarship forward in its engagement with AI theory and practice for enterprises and applied research and innovation, it outlines international practices for the promotion of reliable AI systems, trends, research and development, fostering a digital ecosystem for AI and preparing companies for job transformation and building skills. This book will be of great interest to academics studying Digital Business, Digital Strategy, Innovation Management, and Information Technology. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Business, Education and Healthcare Allam Hamdan, Aboul Ella Hassanien, Reem Khamis, Bahaaeddin Alareeni, Anjum Razzaque, Bahaa Awwad, 2021-07-12 This book focuses on the implementation of Artificial Intelligence in Business, Education and Healthcare, It includes research articles and expository papers on the applications of Artificial Intelligence on Decision Making, Entrepreneurship, Social Media, Healthcare, Education, Public Sector, FinTech, and RegTech. It also discusses the role of Artificial Intelligence in the current COVID-19 pandemic, in the health sector, education, and others. It also discusses the impact of Artificial Intelligence on decision-making in vital sectors of the economy. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intellligence in Social Media Introbooks, 2020-04-07 Artificial Intelligence has revolutionized and transformed Social Media in many innovative ways. With around 3 billion people connected to various social media platforms, they are generating a huge mass of data. Now the question is, Why should social media be concerned about all this data floating around? The answer to this question is that this 'meta - data' is of great value to social media platforms.One reason is that the social networks can keep themselves relevant with times only if they keep themselves abreast about the needs, wants and choices of the users from multiple geographical locations. Another reason is that they get to monetize this information when they share their platforms with advertisers and marketers. AI is one single solution for both these scenarios. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: How AI Is Transforming the Organization MIT Sloan Management Review, 2020-02-18 A clear-eyed look at how AI can complement (rather than eliminate) human jobs, with real-world examples from companies that range from Netflix to Walmart. Descriptions of AI's possible effects on businesses and their employees cycle between utopian hype and alarmist doomsaying. This book from MIT Sloan Management Review avoids both these extremes, providing instead a clear-eyed look at how AI can complement (rather than eliminate) human jobs, with real-world examples from companies that range from Netflix to Walmart. The contributors show that organizations can create business value with AI by cooperating with it rather than relinquishing control to it. The smartest companies know that they don't need AI that mimics humans because they already have access to resources with human capability—actual humans. The book acknowledges the prominent role of such leading technology companies as Facebook, Apple, Amazon, Netflix, and Google in applying AI to their businesses, but it goes beyond the FAANG cohort to look at AI applications in many nontechnology companies, including DHL and Fidelity. The chapters address such topics as retraining workers (who may be more ready for change than their companies are); the importance of motivated and knowledgeable leaders; the danger that AI will entrench less-than-ideal legacy processes; ways that AI could promote gender equality and diversity; AI and the global loneliness epidemic; and the benefits of robot–human collaboration. Contributors Cynthia M. Beath, Megan Beck, Joe Biron, Erik Brynjolfsson, Jacques Bughin, Rumman Chowdhury, Paul R. Daugherty, Thomas H. Davenport, Chris DeBrusk, Berkeley J. Dietvorst, Janet Foutty, James R. Freeland, R. Edward Freeman, Julian Friedland, Lynda Gratton, Francis Hintermann, Vivek Katyal, David Kiron, Frieda Klotz, Jonathan Lang, Barry Libert, Paul Michelman, Daniel Rock, Sam Ransbotham, Jeanne W. Ross, Eva Sage-Gavin, Chad Syverson, Monideepa Tarafdar, Gregory Unruh, Madhu Vazirani, H. James Wilson |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Business Trends in Practice Bernard Marr, 2021-11-15 WINNER OF THE BUSINESS BOOK OF THE YEAR AWARD 2022! Stay one step ahead of the competition with this expert review of the most impactful and disruptive business trends coming down the pike Far from slowing down, change and transformation in business seems to come only at a more and more furious rate. The last ten years alone have seen the introduction of groundbreaking new trends that pose new opportunities and challenges for leaders in all industries. In Business Trends in Practice: The 25+ Trends That Are Redefining Organizations, best-selling business author and strategist Bernard Marr breaks down the social and technological forces underlying these rapidly advancing changes and the impact of those changes on key industries. Critical consumer trends just emerging today—or poised to emerge tomorrow—are discussed, as are strategies for rethinking your organisation’s product and service delivery. The book also explores: Crucial business operations trends that are changing the way companies conduct themselves in the 21st century The practical insights and takeaways you can glean from technological and social innovation when you cut through the hype Disruptive new technologies, including AI, robotic and business process automation, remote work, as well as social and environmental sustainability trends Business Trends in Practice: The 25+ Trends That Are Redefining Organizations is a must-read resource for executives, business leaders and managers, and business development and innovation leads trying to get – and stay – on top of changes and disruptions that are right around the corner. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Contemporary Perspectives in Corporate Social Performance and Policy Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch, Wolfgang Amann, 2018-01-01 The book Contemporary Perspectives in Corporate Social Performance and Policy - The Middle Eastern Perspective is our endeavor to deepen the current discussion about business and institutional activity in Middle Eastern countries and disseminate the new perspective of the scientific inquiry in the responsibility of various organization operating in this part of the world. The book is divided into four parts: “Introduction”, “Reality and Challenges of Corporate Social Performance - The Middle Eastern Perspective”, “Corporate Social Responsibility in Middle Eastern countries”, “Corporate Social Performance –specific problems”. There were included some theoretical and practical contributions into the topic of corporate social responsibility and corporate social performance based on experiences from different countries (such as Israel, Turkey, United Arab Emirates). We hope that this volume will help to understand better this specific region and its business activities. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Powering the Digital Economy: Opportunities and Risks of Artificial Intelligence in Finance El Bachir Boukherouaa, Mr. Ghiath Shabsigh, Khaled AlAjmi, Jose Deodoro, Aquiles Farias, Ebru S Iskender, Mr. Alin T Mirestean, Rangachary Ravikumar, 2021-10-22 This paper discusses the impact of the rapid adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the financial sector. It highlights the benefits these technologies bring in terms of financial deepening and efficiency, while raising concerns about its potential in widening the digital divide between advanced and developing economies. The paper advances the discussion on the impact of this technology by distilling and categorizing the unique risks that it could pose to the integrity and stability of the financial system, policy challenges, and potential regulatory approaches. The evolving nature of this technology and its application in finance means that the full extent of its strengths and weaknesses is yet to be fully understood. Given the risk of unexpected pitfalls, countries will need to strengthen prudential oversight. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Radically Human Paul Daugherty, H. James Wilson, 2022-04-26 Technology advances are making tech more . . . human. This changes everything you thought you knew about innovation and strategy. In their groundbreaking book, Human + Machine, Accenture technology leaders Paul R. Daugherty and H. James Wilson showed how leading organizations use the power of human-machine collaboration to transform their processes and their bottom lines. Now, as new AI powered technologies like the metaverse, natural language processing, and digital twins begin to rapidly impact both life and work, those companies and other pioneers across industries are tipping the balance even more strikingly toward the human side with technology-led strategy that is reshaping the very nature of innovation. In Radically Human, Daugherty and Wilson show this profound shift, fast-forwarded by the pandemic, toward more human—and more humane—technology. Artificial intelligence is becoming less artificial and more intelligent. Instead of data-hungry approaches to AI, innovators are pursuing data-efficient approaches that enable machines to learn as humans do. Instead of replacing workers with machines, they're unleashing human expertise to create human-centered AI. In place of lumbering legacy IT systems, they're building cloud-first IT architectures able to continuously adapt to a world of billions of connected devices. And they're pursuing strategies that will take their place alongside classic, winning business formulas like disruptive innovation. These against-the-grain approaches to the basic building blocks of business—Intelligence, Data, Expertise, Architecture, and Strategy (IDEAS)—are transforming competition. Industrial giants and startups alike are drawing on this radically human IDEAS framework to create new business models, optimize post-pandemic approaches to work and talent, rebuild trust with their stakeholders, and show the way toward a sustainable future. With compelling insights and fresh examples from a variety of industries, Radically Human will forever change the way you think about, practice, and win with innovation. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Unscaled Hemant Taneja, 2018-03-27 Unscaled identifies the forces that are reshaping the global economy and turning one of the fundamental laws of business and society -- the economies of scale -- on its head. An innovative trend combining technology with economics is unraveling behemoth industries -- including corporations, banks, farms, media conglomerates, energy systems, governments, and schools-that have long dominated business and society. Size and scale have become a liability. A new generation of upstarts is using artificial intelligence to automate tasks that once required expensive investment, and renting technology platforms to build businesses for hyper-focused markets, enabling them to grow big without the bloat of giant organizations. In Unscaled, venture capitalist Hemant Taneja explains how the unscaled phenomenon allowed Warby Parker to cheaply and easily start a small company, build a better product, and become a global competitor in no time, upending entrenched eyewear giant Luxottica. It similarly enabled Stripe to take on established payment processors throughout the world, and Livongo to help diabetics control their disease while simultaneously cutting the cost of treatment. The unscaled economy is remaking massive, deeply rooted industries and opening up fantastic possibilities for entrepreneurs, imaginative companies, and resourceful individuals. It can be the model for solving some of the world's greatest problems, including climate change and soaring health-care costs, but will also unleash new challenges that today's leaders must address. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Artificial Intelligence for HR Ben Eubanks, 2018-12-03 HR professionals need to get to grips with artificial intelligence and the way it's changing the world of work. From using natural language processing to ensure job adverts are free from bias and gendered language to implementing chatbots to enhance the employee experience, AI has created a variety of opportunities for the HR function. Artificial Intelligence for HR empowers HR professionals to leverage this potential and use AI to improve efficiency and develop a talented and productive workforce. Outlining the current technology landscape as well as the latest AI developments, this book ensures that HR professionals fully understand what AI is and what it means for HR in practice. Covering everything from recruitment and retention to employee engagement and learning and development, Artificial Intelligence for HR outlines the value AI can add to HR. It also features discussions on the challenges that can arise from AI and how to deal with them, including data privacy, algorithmic bias and how to develop the skills of a workforce with the rise of automation, robotics and machine learning in order to make it more human, not less. Packed with practical advice, research and case studies from global organizations including Uber, IBM and Unilever, this book will equip HR professionals with the knowledge they need to leverage AI to recruit and develop a successful workforce and help their businesses thrive in the future. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Management and Business Education in the Time of Artificial Intelligence Agata Stachowicz-Stanusch, Wolfgang Amann, 2019 Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are one of top investment priorities in these days. They are aimed at finding applications in fields of special value for humans, including education The fourth industrial revolution will replace not only human hands but also human brains, the time of machines requires new forms of work and new ways of business education, however we must be aware that if there is no control of human-AI interaction, there is a risk of losing sight of this interaction's goal. First, it is important to get people to truly understand AI systems, to intentionally participate in their use, as well as to build their trust, because the measure of success for AI applications is the value they create for human lives (Stanford University 2016, 33). Consequently, society needs to adapt to AI applications if it is to extend its benefits and mitigate the inevitable errors and failures. This is why it is highly recommended to create new AI-powered tools for education that are the result of cooperation between AI researchers and humanities' and social sciences' researchers, who can identify cognitive processes and human behaviors. This book is authored by a range of international experts with a diversity of backgrounds and perspectives hopefully bringing us closer to the responses for the questions what we should teach (what the 'right' set of future skills is), how we should teach (the way in which schools should teach and assess them) and where we should teach (what implications does AI have for today's education infrastructure). We must remember as we have already noticed before ... education institutions would need to ensure that that they have an appropriate infrastructure, as well as the safety and credibility of AI-based systems. Ultimately, the law and policies need to adjust to the rapid pace of AI development, because the formal responsibility for appropriate learning outcomes will in future be divided between a teacher and a machine. Above all, we should ensure that AI respect human and civil rights (Stachowicz-Stanusch, Amann, 2018)-- |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Handbook of Research on Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in Business and Industry Chkoniya, Valentina, 2021-06-25 The contemporary world lives on the data produced at an unprecedented speed through social networks and the internet of things (IoT). Data has been called the new global currency, and its rise is transforming entire industries, providing a wealth of opportunities. Applied data science research is necessary to derive useful information from big data for the effective and efficient utilization to solve real-world problems. A broad analytical set allied with strong business logic is fundamental in today’s corporations. Organizations work to obtain competitive advantage by analyzing the data produced within and outside their organizational limits to support their decision-making processes. This book aims to provide an overview of the concepts, tools, and techniques behind the fields of data science and artificial intelligence (AI) applied to business and industries. The Handbook of Research on Applied Data Science and Artificial Intelligence in Business and Industry discusses all stages of data science to AI and their application to real problems across industries—from science and engineering to academia and commerce. This book brings together practice and science to build successful data solutions, showing how to uncover hidden patterns and leverage them to improve all aspects of business performance by making sense of data from both web and offline environments. Covering topics including applied AI, consumer behavior analytics, and machine learning, this text is essential for data scientists, IT specialists, managers, executives, software and computer engineers, researchers, practitioners, academicians, and students. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Robot Is the Boss Artur Kiulian, 2017-08-27 Robot Is The Boss is not about how Artificial Intelligence (AI) will destroy humanity or how machines will rebel against us. Instead, it explains the best way to get benefits from using machine learning in your business today. It's not technical; it's simple. You will learn about: Why Artificial Intelligence is becoming so important The benefits of using Artificial Intelligence and the long-term effects of neglecting automation trends Which industries will be affected by Artificial Intelligence the most How to Educate, Prepare and Implement Artificial Intelligence strategy to transition your business into a new world of machine intelligence Nowadays you won't see a single book that is written for an entrepreneur to start taking action on the trend of machine learning. Most of those are either Surviving AI revolution books aiming to capitalize on the fears of SkyNet taking over or super technical writings such as Large Scale Machine Learning with Python for developers and data scientists. This book will help you understand the basic terminology behind the buzzwords and will provide a framework for how you can use machine intelligence in your business today. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: The Automation Advantage: Embrace the Future of Productivity and Improve Speed, Quality, and Customer Experience Through AI Bhaskar Ghosh, Rajendra Prasad, Gayathri Pallail, 2021-12-07 From the global automation leaders at Accenture—the first-ever comprehensive blueprint for how to use and scale AI-powered intelligent automation in the enterprise to gain competitive advantage through faster speed to market, improved product quality, higher efficiency, and an elevated customer experience. Many companies were already implementing limited levels of automation when the pandemic hit. But the need to rapidly change business processes and how organizations work resulted in the compression of a decade’s worth of digital transformation into a matter of months. Technology suddenly became the essential element for rapid organizational change and the creation of 360-degree value benefiting all stakeholders. Businesses are faced with the imperative to embrace that change or risk being left behind. In The Automation Advantage, global enterprise technology and automation veterans Bhaskar Ghosh, Rajendra Prasad, and Gayathri Pallail give business leaders and managers the action plan they need to execute a strategic agenda that enables them to quickly and confidently scale their automation and AI initiatives. This practical and highly accessible implementation guide answers leaders’ burning questions, such as: How do I identify and prioritize automation opportunities? How do I assess my legacy systems and data issues? How do I derive full value out of my technology investments and automation efforts? How can I inspire my employees to embrace change and the new opportunities presented by automation? The Automation Advantage goes beyond optimizing process to using AI to transform almost any business activity in any industry to make it faster, more streamlined, cost efficient, and customer-focused—vastly improving overall productivity and performance. Featuring case studies of successful automation solutions, this indispensable road map includes guiding principles for technology, governance, culture, and leadership change. It offers a human-centric approach to AI and automation that leads to sustainable transformation and measurable business results. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: OECD Business and Finance Outlook 2021 AI in Business and Finance OECD, 2021-09-24 The OECD Business and Finance Outlook is an annual publication that presents unique data and analysis on the trends, both positive and negative, that are shaping tomorrow’s world of business, finance and investment. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: Application of Artificial Intelligence in Process Control L. Boullart, A. Krijgsman, R. A. Vingerhoeds, 2013-10-22 This book is the result of a united effort of six European universities to create an overall course on the appplication of artificial intelligence (AI) in process control. The book includes an introduction to key areas including; knowledge representation, expert, logic, fuzzy logic, neural network, and object oriented-based approaches in AI. Part two covers the application to control engineering, part three: Real-Time Issues, part four: CAD Systems and Expert Systems, part five: Intelligent Control and part six: Supervisory Control, Monitoring and Optimization. |
artificial intelligence benefits in business: The Benefits of Using Artificial Intelligence for Business Success Strategies for Innovation, Efficiency, and Growth Milad Shemshaki, The Benefits of Using Artificial Intelligence for Business Success: Strategies for Innovation, Efficiency, and Growth is an indispensable resource for business leaders, entrepreneurs, and students alike navigating the AI revolution. This comprehensive guide offers cutting-edge insights on leveraging AI's transformative power to drive unprecedented growth and competitive advantage. Readers will discover how to develop robust AI implementation strategies, optimize operations, enhance customer experiences, foster innovation, and ensure ethical AI adoption. Packed with real-world case studies, expert analysis, and actionable frameworks, this book illuminates AI applications across diverse industries—from healthcare and finance to retail and emerging markets. It explores how to harness predictive analytics, machine learning, and automation to unlock new revenue streams and operational efficiencies. For students pursuing dissertations in business, technology, or related fields, this book provides a wealth of current, well-researched information and a solid foundation for academic exploration. Whether you're a C-suite executive, startup founder, industry professional, or ambitious student, this authoritative guide equips you with the knowledge and tools to lead in the AI-driven business landscape. Don't just adapt to the AI revolution—lead it. |
ARTIFICIAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ARTIFICIAL is made, produced, or done by humans especially to seem like something natural : man-made. How to use artificial in a sentence.
ARTIFICIAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ARTIFICIAL definition: 1. made by people, often as a copy of something natural: 2. not sincere: 3. made by people, often…. Learn more.
Artificial - definition of artificial by The Free Dictionary
1. produced by man; not occurring naturally: artificial materials of great strength. 2. made in imitation of a natural product, esp as a substitute; not genuine: artificial cream. 3. pretended; …
ARTIFICIAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Artificial is used to describe things that are made or manufactured as opposed to occurring naturally. Artificial is often used as the opposite of natural. A close synonym of artificial is synthetic.
ARTIFICIAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.
artificial adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage ...
Definition of artificial adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Artificial - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
While artificial can simply mean “made by humans,” it’s often used in a negative sense, conveying the idea that an artificial product is inferior to the real thing. If you remark that your friend’s new …
artificial - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
6 days ago · artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial) Man-made; made by humans; of artifice. The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky. An artificial …
What does artificial mean? - Definitions.net
Artificial refers to something that is made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally or in the environment. It often implies an imitation of something natural or a real version, …
Artificial Intelligence Is Not Intelligent - The Atlantic
Jun 6, 2025 · The good news is that nothing about this is inevitable: According to a study released in April by the Pew Research Center, although 56 percent of “AI experts” think artificial …
ARTIFICIAL Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster
The meaning of ARTIFICIAL is made, produced, or done by humans especially to seem like something natural : man-made. How to use artificial in a sentence.
ARTIFICIAL | English meaning - Cambridge Dictionary
ARTIFICIAL definition: 1. made by people, often as a copy of something natural: 2. not sincere: 3. made by people, often…. Learn more.
Artificial - definition of artificial by The Free Dictionary
1. produced by man; not occurring naturally: artificial materials of great strength. 2. made in imitation of a natural product, esp as a substitute; not genuine: artificial cream. 3. pretended; …
ARTIFICIAL Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
Artificial is used to describe things that are made or manufactured as opposed to occurring naturally. Artificial is often used as the opposite of natural. A close synonym of artificial is …
ARTIFICIAL definition and meaning | Collins English Dictionary
Artificial objects, materials, or processes do not occur naturally and are created by human beings, for example using science or technology.
artificial adjective - Definition, pictures, pronunciation and usage ...
Definition of artificial adjective in Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Meaning, pronunciation, picture, example sentences, grammar, usage notes, synonyms and more.
Artificial - Definition, Meaning & Synonyms - Vocabulary.com
While artificial can simply mean “made by humans,” it’s often used in a negative sense, conveying the idea that an artificial product is inferior to the real thing. If you remark that your friend’s new …
artificial - Wiktionary, the free dictionary
6 days ago · artificial (comparative more artificial, superlative most artificial) Man-made; made by humans; of artifice. The flowers were artificial, and he thought them rather tacky. An artificial …
What does artificial mean? - Definitions.net
Artificial refers to something that is made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally or in the environment. It often implies an imitation of something natural or a real …
Artificial Intelligence Is Not Intelligent - The Atlantic
Jun 6, 2025 · The good news is that nothing about this is inevitable: According to a study released in April by the Pew Research Center, although 56 percent of “AI experts” think artificial …