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| base rates in psychology: Encyclopedia of Child Behavior and Development Sam Goldstein, Jack A. Naglieri, 2010-11-23 This reference work breaks new ground as an electronic resource. Utterly comprehensive, it serves as a repository of knowledge in the field as well as a frequently updated conduit of new material long before it finds its way into standard textbooks. |
| base rates in psychology: Practitioner’s Guide to Symptom Base Rates in Clinical Neuropsychology Robert J. McCaffrey, Anjali A. Palav, Sid O'Bryant, Andrew S. Labarge, 2012-12-06 This volume serves as an aid in the process of differential diagnosis which frequently confronts neuropsychologists. The guide is a compendium of information of the base rates of symptoms across a variety of disorders which neuropsychologists encounter. In addition to serving as a convenient source of information on symptom base rates, this volume also contains detailed cross referencing of symptoms across disorders. It is intended for use by clinical neuropsychologists and psychologists. |
| base rates in psychology: Statistics Done Wrong Alex Reinhart, 2015-03-01 Scientific progress depends on good research, and good research needs good statistics. But statistical analysis is tricky to get right, even for the best and brightest of us. You'd be surprised how many scientists are doing it wrong. Statistics Done Wrong is a pithy, essential guide to statistical blunders in modern science that will show you how to keep your research blunder-free. You'll examine embarrassing errors and omissions in recent research, learn about the misconceptions and scientific politics that allow these mistakes to happen, and begin your quest to reform the way you and your peers do statistics. You'll find advice on: –Asking the right question, designing the right experiment, choosing the right statistical analysis, and sticking to the plan –How to think about p values, significance, insignificance, confidence intervals, and regression –Choosing the right sample size and avoiding false positives –Reporting your analysis and publishing your data and source code –Procedures to follow, precautions to take, and analytical software that can help Scientists: Read this concise, powerful guide to help you produce statistically sound research. Statisticians: Give this book to everyone you know. The first step toward statistics done right is Statistics Done Wrong. |
| base rates in psychology: Judgment Under Uncertainty Daniel Kahneman, Paul Slovic, Amos Tversky, 1982-04-30 Thirty-five chapters describe various judgmental heuristics and the biases they produce, not only in laboratory experiments, but in important social, medical, and political situations as well. Most review multiple studies or entire subareas rather than describing single experimental studies. |
| base rates in psychology: Logically Fallacious Bo Bennett, 2012-02-19 This book is a crash course in effective reasoning, meant to catapult you into a world where you start to see things how they really are, not how you think they are. The focus of this book is on logical fallacies, which loosely defined, are simply errors in reasoning. With the reading of each page, you can make significant improvements in the way you reason and make decisions. Logically Fallacious is one of the most comprehensive collections of logical fallacies with all original examples and easy to understand descriptions, perfect for educators, debaters, or anyone who wants to improve his or her reasoning skills. Expose an irrational belief, keep a person rational for a day. Expose irrational thinking, keep a person rational for a lifetime. - Bo Bennett This 2021 Edition includes dozens of more logical fallacies with many updated examples. |
| base rates in psychology: The Great Mental Models, Volume 1 Shane Parrish, Rhiannon Beaubien, 2024-10-15 Discover the essential thinking tools you’ve been missing with The Great Mental Models series by Shane Parrish, New York Times bestselling author and the mind behind the acclaimed Farnam Street blog and “The Knowledge Project” podcast. This first book in the series is your guide to learning the crucial thinking tools nobody ever taught you. Time and time again, great thinkers such as Charlie Munger and Warren Buffett have credited their success to mental models–representations of how something works that can scale onto other fields. Mastering a small number of mental models enables you to rapidly grasp new information, identify patterns others miss, and avoid the common mistakes that hold people back. The Great Mental Models: Volume 1, General Thinking Concepts shows you how making a few tiny changes in the way you think can deliver big results. Drawing on examples from history, business, art, and science, this book details nine of the most versatile, all-purpose mental models you can use right away to improve your decision making and productivity. This book will teach you how to: Avoid blind spots when looking at problems. Find non-obvious solutions. Anticipate and achieve desired outcomes. Play to your strengths, avoid your weaknesses, … and more. The Great Mental Models series demystifies once elusive concepts and illuminates rich knowledge that traditional education overlooks. This series is the most comprehensive and accessible guide on using mental models to better understand our world, solve problems, and gain an advantage. |
| base rates in psychology: Psychology of Intelligence Analysis Richards J Heuer, 2020-03-05 In this seminal work, published by the C.I.A. itself, produced by Intelligence veteran Richards Heuer discusses three pivotal points. First, human minds are ill-equipped (poorly wired) to cope effectively with both inherent and induced uncertainty. Second, increased knowledge of our inherent biases tends to be of little assistance to the analyst. And lastly, tools and techniques that apply higher levels of critical thinking can substantially improve analysis on complex problems. |
| base rates in psychology: Thinking, Fast and Slow Daniel Kahneman, 2011-10-25 *Major New York Times Bestseller *More than 2.6 million copies sold *One of The New York Times Book Review's ten best books of the year *Selected by The Wall Street Journal as one of the best nonfiction books of the year *Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient *Daniel Kahneman's work with Amos Tversky is the subject of Michael Lewis's best-selling The Undoing Project: A Friendship That Changed Our Minds In his mega bestseller, Thinking, Fast and Slow, Daniel Kahneman, world-famous psychologist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Economics, takes us on a groundbreaking tour of the mind and explains the two systems that drive the way we think. System 1 is fast, intuitive, and emotional; System 2 is slower, more deliberative, and more logical. The impact of overconfidence on corporate strategies, the difficulties of predicting what will make us happy in the future, the profound effect of cognitive biases on everything from playing the stock market to planning our next vacation—each of these can be understood only by knowing how the two systems shape our judgments and decisions. Engaging the reader in a lively conversation about how we think, Kahneman reveals where we can and cannot trust our intuitions and how we can tap into the benefits of slow thinking. He offers practical and enlightening insights into how choices are made in both our business and our personal lives—and how we can use different techniques to guard against the mental glitches that often get us into trouble. Topping bestseller lists for almost ten years, Thinking, Fast and Slow is a contemporary classic, an essential book that has changed the lives of millions of readers. |
| base rates in psychology: A Paul Meehl Reader Niels G. Waller, Leslie J. Yonce, William M. Grove, David Faust, Mark F. Lenzenweger, 2013-09-05 This new book introduces a new generation to the important insights of Paul Meehl. In addition to selected papers from the classic reader, Psychodiagnosis, this book features new material selected from Meehl's most influential writings. The resulting collection is a tour de force illustrating quantitative analysis of life science problems, an examination of the inadequacy of some methods of analysis, and a review of the application of taxometrics. A Paul Meehl Reader is organized into five content areas: theory building and appraisal - how we discover and test the true causal relations of psychological constructs; specific etiology - an examination of genetic, behavioral, and environmental etiology in psychopathology; diagnosis and prediction - a review of the appropriate use of base rates; taxometrics - a look at Meehl's development of the method he invented; thinking effectively about psychological questions - a critique of correlation research and the power of quantitative thinking in psychology. The Reader features section introductions to orient the reader and provide a context and structure for Paul Meehl's work. The section on diagnosis and prediction features problem sets with solutions to guide the reader through practical applications of the principles described. Accompanying downloadable resources contain footage from Paul Meehl's engaging seminar on clinical versus statistical prediction. This book appeals to advanced students and professionals in psychology, sociology, law, education, human development, and philosophy. |
| base rates in psychology: The Acquirer's Multiple Tobias E. Carlisle, 2017-10-16 The Acquirer's Multiple: How the Billionaire Contrarians of Deep Value Beat the Market is an easy-to-read account of deep value investing. The book shows how investors Warren Buffett, Carl Icahn, David Einhorn and Dan Loeb got started and how they do it. Carlisle combines engaging stories with research and data to show how you can do it too. Written by an active value investor, The Acquirer's Multiple provides an insider's view on deep value investing.The Acquirer's Multiple covers: How the billionaire contrarians invest How Warren Buffett got started The history of activist hedge funds How to Beat the Little Book That Beats the Market A simple way to value stocks: The Acquirer's Multiple The secret to beating the market How Carl Icahn got started How David Einhorn and Dan Loeb got started The 9 rules of deep value The Acquirer's Multiple: How the Billionaire Contrarians of Deep Value Beat the Market provides a simple summary of the way deep value investors find stocks that beat the market. |
| base rates in psychology: Introduction to Modern Epidemiology Anders Ahlbom, Staffan Norell, 1990 |
| base rates in psychology: Learning Statistics with R Daniel Navarro, 2013-01-13 Learning Statistics with R covers the contents of an introductory statistics class, as typically taught to undergraduate psychology students, focusing on the use of the R statistical software and adopting a light, conversational style throughout. The book discusses how to get started in R, and gives an introduction to data manipulation and writing scripts. From a statistical perspective, the book discusses descriptive statistics and graphing first, followed by chapters on probability theory, sampling and estimation, and null hypothesis testing. After introducing the theory, the book covers the analysis of contingency tables, t-tests, ANOVAs and regression. Bayesian statistics are covered at the end of the book. For more information (and the opportunity to check the book out before you buy!) visit http://ua.edu.au/ccs/teaching/lsr or http://learningstatisticswithr.com |
| base rates in psychology: Cognitive Illusions Rüdiger F Pohl, 2016-07-22 Cognitive Illusions explores a wide range of fascinating psychological effects in the way we think, judge and remember in our everyday lives. Featuring contributions from leading researchers, the book defines what cognitive illusions are and discusses their theoretical status: are such illusions proof for a faulty human information-processing system, or do they only represent by-products of otherwise adaptive cognitive mechanisms? Throughout the book, background to phenomena such as illusions of control, overconfidence and hindsight bias are discussed, before considering the respective empirical research, potential explanations of the phenomenon, and relevant applied perspectives. Each chapter also features the detailed description of an experiment that can be used as classroom demonstration. Featuring six new chapters, this edition has been thoroughly updated throughout to reflect recent research and changes of focus within the field. This book will be of interest to students and researchers of cognitive illusions, specifically, those focusing on thinking, reasoning, decision-making and memory. |
| base rates in psychology: Introduction to Meta-Analysis Michael Borenstein, Larry V. Hedges, Julian P. T. Higgins, Hannah R. Rothstein, 2011-08-24 This book provides a clear and thorough introduction to meta-analysis, the process of synthesizing data from a series of separate studies. Meta-analysis has become a critically important tool in fields as diverse as medicine, pharmacology, epidemiology, education, psychology, business, and ecology. Introduction to Meta-Analysis: Outlines the role of meta-analysis in the research process Shows how to compute effects sizes and treatment effects Explains the fixed-effect and random-effects models for synthesizing data Demonstrates how to assess and interpret variation in effect size across studies Clarifies concepts using text and figures, followed by formulas and examples Explains how to avoid common mistakes in meta-analysis Discusses controversies in meta-analysis Features a web site with additional material and exercises A superb combination of lucid prose and informative graphics, written by four of the world’s leading experts on all aspects of meta-analysis. Borenstein, Hedges, Higgins, and Rothstein provide a refreshing departure from cookbook approaches with their clear explanations of the what and why of meta-analysis. The book is ideal as a course textbook or for self-study. My students, who used pre-publication versions of some of the chapters, raved about the clarity of the explanations and examples. David Rindskopf, Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology, City University of New York, Graduate School and University Center, & Editor of the Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics. The approach taken by Introduction to Meta-analysis is intended to be primarily conceptual, and it is amazingly successful at achieving that goal. The reader can comfortably skip the formulas and still understand their application and underlying motivation. For the more statistically sophisticated reader, the relevant formulas and worked examples provide a superb practical guide to performing a meta-analysis. The book provides an eclectic mix of examples from education, social science, biomedical studies, and even ecology. For anyone considering leading a course in meta-analysis, or pursuing self-directed study, Introduction to Meta-analysis would be a clear first choice. Jesse A. Berlin, ScD Introduction to Meta-Analysis is an excellent resource for novices and experts alike. The book provides a clear and comprehensive presentation of all basic and most advanced approaches to meta-analysis. This book will be referenced for decades. Michael A. McDaniel, Professor of Human Resources and Organizational Behavior, Virginia Commonwealth University |
| base rates in psychology: Taxometrics Norman B. Schmidt, Roman Kotov, Thomas E. Joiner, 2004-01-01 The purpose of this book is to begin the ambitious task of true diagnostics, standing on the shoulders of taxometric theory, by reviewing taxometric studies, analyzing several large new data sets, and trusting in the future cooperation and enterprise of psychologists and others who read this book. The book begins with a review of the nature of classification procedures by highlighting some of its main problems and controversies. In chapter 2, the evolution of our current diagnostic system--the DSM--is discussed and the central argument is advanced. The authors suggest that for the DSM to continue to advance, we must begin to scientifically determine the underlying nature of these diagnostic entities through the use of procedures such as taxometrics. Chapter 3 offers a detailed analytic primer on the nature of taxometrics. The primer is written in a user-friendly manner so clinicians and others not familiar with the underlying mathematics associated with taxometrics can gain a full understanding of the importance and utility of these procedures. Chapter 4 is specifically focused on outlining a method by which taxometric procedures can be applied to diagnostic entities within the DSM. The final two chapters provide a review of the current taxometrics literature and the degree to which it has been applied to specific psychopathological entities (e.g., schizophrenia spectrum, anxiety, eating disorders). In summary, this book represents a call to action to revolutionize the diagnostic system. The point of this book is not that a diagnostic revolution has occurred; it is that it can and should occur and that, to a degree, it is occurring. Through this book, the authors hope to stimulate this enterprise by describing it, summarizing its initial progress, and contributing toward it. The enterprise, although difficult, is clearly feasible (within years not decades), if a core of psychological scientists join the fray. One of the main purposes of the book is to invite them to contribute to this cause--Intro. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved). |
| base rates in psychology: The Optimism Bias Tali Sharot, 2011-06-14 Psychologists have long been aware that most people maintain an irrationally positive outlook on life—but why? Turns out, we might be hardwired that way. In this absorbing exploration, Tali Sharot—one of the most innovative neuroscientists at work today—demonstrates that optimism may be crucial to human existence. The Optimism Bias explores how the brain generates hope and what happens when it fails; how the brains of optimists and pessimists differ; why we are terrible at predicting what will make us happy; how emotions strengthen our ability to recollect; how anticipation and dread affect us; how our optimistic illusions affect our financial, professional, and emotional decisions; and more. Drawing on cutting-edge science, The Optimism Bias provides us with startling new insight into the workings of the brain and the major role that optimism plays in determining how we live our lives. |
| base rates in psychology: The Paradox of Choice Barry Schwartz, 2009-10-13 Whether we're buying a pair of jeans, ordering a cup of coffee, selecting a long-distance carrier, applying to college, choosing a doctor, or setting up a 401(k), everyday decisions—both big and small—have become increasingly complex due to the overwhelming abundance of choice with which we are presented. As Americans, we assume that more choice means better options and greater satisfaction. But beware of excessive choice: choice overload can make you question the decisions you make before you even make them, it can set you up for unrealistically high expectations, and it can make you blame yourself for any and all failures. In the long run, this can lead to decision-making paralysis, anxiety, and perpetual stress. And, in a culture that tells us that there is no excuse for falling short of perfection when your options are limitless, too much choice can lead to clinical depression. In The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz explains at what point choice—the hallmark of individual freedom and self-determination that we so cherish—becomes detrimental to our psychological and emotional well-being. In accessible, engaging, and anecdotal prose, Schwartz shows how the dramatic explosion in choice—from the mundane to the profound challenges of balancing career, family, and individual needs—has paradoxically become a problem instead of a solution. Schwartz also shows how our obsession with choice encourages us to seek that which makes us feel worse. By synthesizing current research in the social sciences, Schwartz makes the counter intuitive case that eliminating choices can greatly reduce the stress, anxiety, and busyness of our lives. He offers eleven practical steps on how to limit choices to a manageable number, have the discipline to focus on those that are important and ignore the rest, and ultimately derive greater satisfaction from the choices you have to make. |
| base rates in psychology: 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology Scott O. Lilienfeld, Steven Jay Lynn, John Ruscio, Barry L. Beyerstein, 2011-09-15 50 Great Myths of Popular Psychology uses popular myths as a vehicle for helping students and laypersons to distinguish science from pseudoscience. Uses common myths as a vehicle for exploring how to distinguish factual from fictional claims in popular psychology Explores topics that readers will relate to, but often misunderstand, such as 'opposites attract', 'people use only 10% of their brains', and 'handwriting reveals your personality' Provides a 'mythbusting kit' for evaluating folk psychology claims in everyday life Teaches essential critical thinking skills through detailed discussions of each myth Includes over 200 additional psychological myths for readers to explore Contains an Appendix of useful Web Sites for examining psychological myths Features a postscript of remarkable psychological findings that sound like myths but that are true Engaging and accessible writing style that appeals to students and lay readers alike |
| base rates in psychology: Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination Institute of Medicine, Board on the Health of Select Populations, Committee on Psychological Testing, Including Validity Testing, for Social Security Administration Disability Determinations, 2015-06-29 The United States Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two disability programs: Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), for disabled individuals, and their dependent family members, who have worked and contributed to the Social Security trust funds, and Supplemental Security Income (SSSI), which is a means-tested program based on income and financial assets for adults aged 65 years or older and disabled adults and children. Both programs require that claimants have a disability and meet specific medical criteria in order to qualify for benefits. SSA establishes the presence of a medically-determined impairment in individuals with mental disorders other than intellectual disability through the use of standard diagnostic criteria, which include symptoms and signs. These impairments are established largely on reports of signs and symptoms of impairment and functional limitation. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination considers the use of psychological tests in evaluating disability claims submitted to the SSA. This report critically reviews selected psychological tests, including symptom validity tests, that could contribute to SSA disability determinations. The report discusses the possible uses of such tests and their contribution to disability determinations. Psychological Testing in the Service of Disability Determination discusses testing norms, qualifications for administration of tests, administration of tests, and reporting results. The recommendations of this report will help SSA improve the consistency and accuracy of disability determination in certain cases. |
| base rates in psychology: The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Adolescence, 2011-02-25 Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health. |
| base rates in psychology: The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning Keith J. Holyoak, Robert G. Morrison, 2005-04-18 The Cambridge Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning is the first comprehensive and authoritative handbook covering all the core topics of the field of thinking and reasoning. Written by the foremost experts from cognitive psychology, cognitive science, and cognitive neuroscience, individual chapters summarize basic concepts and findings for a major topic, sketch its history, and give a sense of the directions in which research is currently heading. The volume also includes work related to developmental, social and clinical psychology, philosophy, economics, artificial intelligence, linguistics, education, law, and medicine. Scholars and students in all these fields and others will find this to be a valuable collection. |
| base rates in psychology: Advances in Psychology Research Serge P. Shohov, 2002 Advances in Psychology Research |
| base rates in psychology: Flow Mihaly Csikszent, 1991-03-13 An introduction to flow, a new field of behavioral science that offers life-fulfilling potential, explains its principles and shows how to introduce flow into all aspects of life, avoiding the interferences of disharmony. |
| base rates in psychology: Statistical Methods for Psychology David C. Howell, 2013 STATISTICAL METHODS FOR PSYCHOLOGY, 8E, International Edition surveys the statistical techniques commonly used in the behavioral and social sciences, particularly psychology and education. To help students gain a better understanding of the specific statistical hypothesis tests that are covered throughout the text, author David Howell emphasizes conceptual understanding. This Eighth Edition continues to focus students on two key themes that are the cornerstones of this book's success: the importance of looking at the data before beginning a hypothesis test, and the importance of knowing the relationship between the statistical test in use and the theoretical questions being asked by the experiment. New and expanded topics—reflecting the evolving realm of statistical methods—include effect size, meta-analysis, and treatment of missing data. |
| base rates in psychology: Psych 101 Paul Kleinman, 2012-09-18 From perception tests and the Rorschach blots to B. F. Skinner and the stages of development, this primer for human behavior is packed with hundreds of ... psychology basics and insights... |
| base rates in psychology: Research Methods in Human Development Paul C. Cozby, Patricia E. Worden, Daniel W. Kee, 1989 For undergradute social science majors. A textbook on the interpretation and use of research. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or. |
| base rates in psychology: Critical Thinking in Psychology Robert J. Sternberg, Henry L. Roediger III, Diane F. Halpern, 2007 Explores key topics in psychology, showing how they can be critically examined. |
| base rates in psychology: Social Psychology, 2nd Edition Roger Brown, 1986 The Second Edition succeeds in showing that social psychology has a potent contribution to make to understanding human behavior. Drawing on landmark experiments, real-life cases, and his own valuable insights, Brown analyzes a wide range of subjects including obedience and rebellion, altruism, group decision processes, the psycholegal questions of eyewitness testimony, jury size and decision rule, the psychosexual question of androgyny, the sources of ethnic conflict, and much more. |
| base rates in psychology: Heuristics and Biases Thomas Gilovich, Dale Griffin, Daniel Kahneman, 2002-07-08 This book, first published in 2002, compiles psychologists' best attempts to answer important questions about intuitive judgment. |
| base rates in psychology: Handbook of Psychology, Research Methods in Psychology Irving B. Weiner, John A. Schinka, Wayne F. Velicer, 2012-10-23 Psychology is of interest to academics from many fields, as well as to the thousands of academic and clinical psychologists and general public who can't help but be interested in learning more about why humans think and behave as they do. This award-winning twelve-volume reference covers every aspect of the ever-fascinating discipline of psychology and represents the most current knowledge in the field. This ten-year revision now covers discoveries based in neuroscience, clinical psychology's new interest in evidence-based practice and mindfulness, and new findings in social, developmental, and forensic psychology. |
| base rates in psychology: Atlas of Moral Psychology Kurt Gray, Jesse Graham, 2018-01-23 This comprehensive and cutting-edge volume maps out the terrain of moral psychology, a dynamic and evolving area of research. In 57 concise chapters, leading authorities and up-and-coming scholars explore fundamental issues and current controversies. The volume systematically reviews the empirical evidence base and presents influential theories of moral judgment and behavior. It is organized around the key questions that must be addressed for a complete understanding of the moral mind. |
| base rates in psychology: Clinical Psychology Andrew M. Pomerantz, 2008 “A very readable account; a clearly accessible introduction to the field and to critical issues within it. The particular advantage is that this text is addressed to undergraduates making career choices and provides an informed discussion of key issues.†-Kate Briggs, University of West Georgia “The book is well written, easy to understand, and covers all of the necessary topics to gain an appreciation for the field of clinical psychology.†-David Topor, The University of North Carolina at Greensboro  “The most impressive aspect of this material is the comprehensive nature of the text. The breadth, clarity, and usefulness of the coverage is first rate.†-Alan Whitlock, University of Idaho “This is very balanced in presentation-perhaps the least biased text for clinical psych I’ve seen†  -Elizabeth E. Seebach, Saint Mary's University of Minnesota Very user-friendly- more interactive (in terms of thinking questions, ect.) than other similar texts. -Jessica Yokley, University of Pittsburgh This undergraduate core text presents a balanced overview of clinical perspectives with an emphasis on multicultural issues. Academically rigorous but accessible, it covers psychotherapy clinical assessment, ethical and professional issues, and specialized topics such as forensic and health psychology. KEY FEATURES • Includes a full chapter on cultural issues in the introductory section of the book. • Offers a full chapter on ethical issues in the introductory section of the book. • Presents a full chapter in which current and controversial topics are discussed from both sides of the debate. • Integrates discussion of ethical and professional issues throughout the book. • Incorporates useful pedagogical tools that serve to connect unfamiliar clinical psychology concepts to the everyday life of students. These include a “Considering Culture†box in each chapter following the chapter on culture, “Denise inPsychotherapy†boxes that illustrate how a client would be treated according to various approaches, at least one “Metaphorically Speaking†box in most chapters that use metaphors to teach students about new concepts, and end-of-chapter critical thinking questions. AUTHOR-CREATED ANCILLARIES • An Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM provides PowerPoint slides, a computerized test bank, suggested class activities, sample syllabi, Web and video resources for each chapter of the text. • A Student Study Site at www.sagepub.com/pomerantzcpstudy offers self-quizzes, e-flashcards, sample case studies, Internet exercises and suggested Web resources, and SAGE journal articles with discussion questions. INTENDED AUDIENCE This balanced text gives upper-level undergraduate or first-year graduate students of Clinical Psychology an extensive review of different clinical approaches as well as a greater level of cultural understanding. |
| base rates in psychology: Reducing Underage Drinking Institute of Medicine, National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on Developing a Strategy to Reduce and Prevent Underage Drinking, 2004-03-26 Alcohol use by young people is extremely dangerous - both to themselves and society at large. Underage alcohol use is associated with traffic fatalities, violence, unsafe sex, suicide, educational failure, and other problem behaviors that diminish the prospects of future success, as well as health risks †and the earlier teens start drinking, the greater the danger. Despite these serious concerns, the media continues to make drinking look attractive to youth, and it remains possible and even easy for teenagers to get access to alcohol. Why is this dangerous behavior so pervasive? What can be done to prevent it? What will work and who is responsible for making sure it happens? Reducing Underage Drinking addresses these questions and proposes a new way to combat underage alcohol use. It explores the ways in which may different individuals and groups contribute to the problem and how they can be enlisted to prevent it. Reducing Underage Drinking will serve as both a game plan and a call to arms for anyone with an investment in youth health and safety. |
| base rates in psychology: Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 National Research Council, Institute of Medicine, Board on Children, Youth, and Families, Committee on the Science of Children Birth to Age 8: Deepening and Broadening the Foundation for Success, 2015-07-23 Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children. |
| base rates in psychology: WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and ACS James A. Holdnack, Lisa Drozdick, Lawrence G. Weiss, Grant L. Iverson, 2013-06-20 This book provides users of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) with information on applying the WAIS-IV, including additional indexes and information regarding use in special populations for advanced clinical use and interpretation. The book offers sophisticated users of the WAIS-IV and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-IV) guidelines on how to enhance the clinical applicability of these tests. The first section of the book provides an overview of the WAIS-IV, WMS-IV, and new Advanced Clinical Solutions for Use with the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV (ACS). In this section, examiners will learn: - Normal versus atypical score variability - Low-score prevalence in healthy adults versus clinical populations - Assessing whether poor performance reflects a decline in function or is the result of suboptimal effort New social cognition measures found in the ACS are also presented. The second part focuses on applying the topics in the first section to specific clinical conditions, including recommended protocols for specific clientele (e.g. using demographically adjusted norms when evaluating individuals with brain injury). Common clinical conditions are discussed, including Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, traumatic brain injury, and more. Each chapter provides case examples applying all three test batteries and using report examples as they are obtained from the scoring assistant. Finally, the use of the WAIS-IV/WMS-IV and the ACS in forensic settings is presented. - Coverage of administration and scoring of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS - Information contained on the use of WAIS-IV with special populations - Case studies in each chapter - Written by the creators of WAIS-IV, WMS-IV and ACS |
| base rates in psychology: Behavioral Economics Philip J. Corr, Anke C. Plagnol, 2018 What is behavioral economics and why is it important? -- The ascent and dissent of economics -- Econ: homo economicus -- Human: more homer (simpson) than homo economicus -- Manners, monkeys and moods -- Nudge: whys, ways and weasels -- Sell! the commercial (and political) world of persuasion |
| base rates in psychology: Handbook of Research Methods in Abnormal and Clinical Psychology Dean McKay, 2008 The Handbook of Research Methods in Abnormal and Clinical Psychology presents a diverse range of areas critical to any researcher or student entering the field. It provides valuable information on the foundations of research methods, including validity in experimental design, ethics, and statistical methods. The contributors discuss design and instrumentation for methods that are particular to abnormal and clinical psychology, including behavioral assessment, psychophysiological assessment and observational methods. They also offer details on new advances in research methodology and analysis, such as meta-analysis, taxometric methods, item response theory, and approaches to determining clinical significance. In addition, this volume covers specialty topics within abnormal and clinical psychology from forensic psychology to behavior genetics to treatment outcome methods. |
| base rates in psychology: The Psychology Book DK, 2015-02-02 Learn about human nature, behavior and how the mind works with The Psychology Book. Part of the fascinating Big Ideas series, this book tackles tricky topics and themes in a simple and easy to follow format. Learn about Psychology in this overview guide to the subject, great for beginners looking to learn and experts wishing to refresh their knowledge alike! The Psychology Book brings a fresh and vibrant take on the topic through eye-catching graphics and diagrams to immerse yourself in. This captivating book will broaden your understanding of Psychology, with: - More than 100 ground-breaking ideas in this field of science - Packed with facts, charts, timelines and graphs to help explain core concepts - A visual approach to big subjects with striking illustrations and graphics throughout - Easy to follow text makes topics accessible for people at any level of understanding The Psychology Book is the perfect introduction to the science, aimed at adults with an interest in the subject and students wanting to gain more of an overview. Here you’ll discover key concepts by psychologists who have significantly enhanced our understanding of the human mind and behavior. Learn about everyone who’s contributed to the big ideas in psychology, incorporating the ideas of today’s scientists as well those of the ancient philosophers and pioneers. Your Psychology Questions, Simply Explained If you thought it was difficult to learn psychology and its many concepts, The Psychology Book presents the key ideas in a clear layout. Learn about the key personalities of the 19th and 20th centuries whose work has made significant contributions to our understanding of human behavior. Fantastic mind maps and step-by-step summaries explain the line of thought clearly for students of psychology and for anyone with a general interest in understanding the human mind. The Big Ideas Series With millions of copies sold worldwide, The Psychology Book is part of the award-winning Big Ideas series from DK. The series uses striking graphics along with engaging writing, making big topics easy to understand. |
| base rates in psychology: Forensic Psychology David A. Crighton, Graham J. Towl, 2015-05-04 Updated to reflect recent changes in the field, the 2nd Edition of Forensic Psychology presents a comprehensive overview of forensic psychology and its applications in the civil and criminal justice systems of the UK. Builds on the first edition to convey material in an engaging manner to postgraduate students in psychology Includes a significant expansion of pedagogical features, including text boxes highlighting key seminar issues and key debates in the field to further group discussion Provides an up-to-date summary of emerging evidence in the field, and its implications for evidence based practice Points to additional online learning resources at the conclusion of each chapter |
| base rates in psychology: Blackwell Handbook of Social Psychology Abraham Tesser, Norbert Schwarz, 2008-04-15 This volume on intraindividual processes is one of a set of four handbooks in the social psychology field and covers social cognition, attitudes, and attribution theory. Includes contributions by academics and other experts from around the world to ensure a truly international perspective. Provides a comprehensive overview of classic and current research and likely future trends. Fully referenced chapters and bibliographies allow easy access to further study. Now available in full text online via xreferplus, the award-winning reference library on the web from xrefer. For more information, visit www.xreferplus.com |
Base-Rate Neglect: Foundations and Implications - Scholars at …
This paper explores a model capturing one common interpretation of the psychology literature on base-rate neglect (BRN): when revising beliefs in light of new information, people tend to …
Evidential Impact of Base Rates - University of California, Merced
ca al base rates affect judgments while incidental base rates of equal diagnos-tic import are commonly superseded by more specific evidence. The links between the base rate problem …
I A Brief Overview of Base Rates - Springer
The term ‘‘base rate’’ refers to the ‘‘prevalence of an event, such as a symptom, sign, or disorder, within a given population’’ (McCaVrey, Palav, O’Bryant, & Labarge, 2003, pg. 1). Meehl and …
Understanding Base Rates in Psychological Assessments: Why …
Understanding base rates, sensitivity, and specificity ensures that psychological evidence in court is interpreted accurately, ethically, and fairly.
Psychology 205: Research Methods in Psychology The …
Inferential statistics The problem of base rates Psychology 205: Research Methods in Psychology The problem of base rates William Revelle Department of Psychology Northwestern University …
Base Rates and Bayes’ Theorem - University of Minnesota …
Cutting Scores, Base Rates, and Decision Theory Betting the Base Rate In some instances the base rate is so low, the tests are so weak and poorly calibrated, that it is more e cient to \bet …
When Do Base Rates Affect Predictions? - Carnegie Mellon …
Recent studies have shown that when people make predictions, they often neglect base-rate considerations.
Base Rates Of Cognitive And Academic Weaknesses
study examined the effect of differences in assessment methodology on the base rates of cognitive and academic weaknesses; and explored how the Integrated Assessment …
Commentary on Koehler on Base-Rate IMPLICIT LEARNING OF …
base rates are most underutilized involve nothing at all implicit: they typically involve both a stated presentation of one summary base rate and a test consisting of verbal questions about …
Base-Rate Neglect - Gordon Pennycook
Base-rate neglect refers to the phenomenon whereby people ignore or undervalue that probability, typically in lieu of less informative, but more intuitively appealing information about an …
Reasoning with base rates is routine, relatively effortless, and ...
Participants (N 62) judged the probability that a hypothetical person belonged to one of two categories (e.g., nurse/doctor) on the basis of either a personality description alone (NoBR) or …
The Psychology of the Unthinkable: Taboo Trade-Offs, …
In this article, we identify three types of normative proscrip-tions—taboo trade-offs, forbidden base rates, and heretical coun-terfactuals—that people consciously or unconsciously impose on …
Base-Rate Neglect: Foundations and Implications - Stony …
In this paper, we develop a formal model of such downweighting. We build the model directly from previous formulations of \base-rate neglect" (BRN), but clarify and esh out the implications of …
What Are Base Rates In Psychology (book) - omn.am
Guide to Symptom Base Rates in Clinical Neuropsychology Whereas the previous book presented findings from the patient population this book will cover the base rate of a particular …
The base rate fallacy reconsidered: Descriptive, normative, and …
1. Are base rates ignored? Hundreds of laboratory studies have been conducted on the use of base rates in probability judgment tasks. Al though this research has not produced a simple …
The influence of base rates on correlations: An evaluation of …
Correlations are the simplest and most commonly understood effect size statistic in psychology. The purpose of the current paper was to use a large sample of real-world data (109 …
Bayesian Inference: Combining Base Rates With Opinions of …
In this model, the source's report corresponds to a scale value that is adjusted according to the source's bias. This adjusted value is weighted as a function of the source's expertise and …
The base rate principle and the fairness principle in social
Results showed that before individuating facts were learned, explicit beliefs followed the fairness principle, whereas implicit beliefs followed the base rate principle. After individuating facts were …
The Base Rate Problem and Its Consequences for Interpreting …
Abstract: Base rates refer to the proportion of a population that falls within a diag nostic category, either identifying an exceptionality (e.g., learning disability [LD], emotional disturbance [ED], or …
Base-Rate Neglect: Foundations and Implications - Scholars …
This paper explores a model capturing one common interpretation of the psychology literature on base-rate neglect (BRN): when revising beliefs in light of new information, people tend to …
Evidential Impact of Base Rates - University of California, …
ca al base rates affect judgments while incidental base rates of equal diagnos-tic import are commonly superseded by more specific evidence. The links between the base rate problem …
I A Brief Overview of Base Rates - Springer
The term ‘‘base rate’’ refers to the ‘‘prevalence of an event, such as a symptom, sign, or disorder, within a given population’’ (McCaVrey, Palav, O’Bryant, & Labarge, 2003, pg. 1). Meehl and …
Understanding Base Rates in Psychological Assessments: …
Understanding base rates, sensitivity, and specificity ensures that psychological evidence in court is interpreted accurately, ethically, and fairly.
Psychology 205: Research Methods in Psychology The …
Inferential statistics The problem of base rates Psychology 205: Research Methods in Psychology The problem of base rates William Revelle Department of Psychology Northwestern University …
Base Rates and Bayes’ Theorem - University of Minnesota …
Cutting Scores, Base Rates, and Decision Theory Betting the Base Rate In some instances the base rate is so low, the tests are so weak and poorly calibrated, that it is more e cient to \bet …
When Do Base Rates Affect Predictions? - Carnegie Mellon …
Recent studies have shown that when people make predictions, they often neglect base-rate considerations.
Base Rates Of Cognitive And Academic Weaknesses
study examined the effect of differences in assessment methodology on the base rates of cognitive and academic weaknesses; and explored how the Integrated Assessment …
Commentary on Koehler on Base-Rate IMPLICIT LEARNING …
base rates are most underutilized involve nothing at all implicit: they typically involve both a stated presentation of one summary base rate and a test consisting of verbal questions about …
Base-Rate Neglect - Gordon Pennycook
Base-rate neglect refers to the phenomenon whereby people ignore or undervalue that probability, typically in lieu of less informative, but more intuitively appealing information about …
Reasoning with base rates is routine, relatively effortless, …
Participants (N 62) judged the probability that a hypothetical person belonged to one of two categories (e.g., nurse/doctor) on the basis of either a personality description alone (NoBR) or …
The Psychology of the Unthinkable: Taboo Trade-Offs, …
In this article, we identify three types of normative proscrip-tions—taboo trade-offs, forbidden base rates, and heretical coun-terfactuals—that people consciously or unconsciously impose on …
Base-Rate Neglect: Foundations and Implications - Stony …
In this paper, we develop a formal model of such downweighting. We build the model directly from previous formulations of \base-rate neglect" (BRN), but clarify and esh out the implications of …
What Are Base Rates In Psychology (book) - omn.am
Guide to Symptom Base Rates in Clinical Neuropsychology Whereas the previous book presented findings from the patient population this book will cover the base rate of a particular …
The base rate fallacy reconsidered: Descriptive, normative, …
1. Are base rates ignored? Hundreds of laboratory studies have been conducted on the use of base rates in probability judgment tasks. Al though this research has not produced a simple …
The influence of base rates on correlations: An evaluation …
Correlations are the simplest and most commonly understood effect size statistic in psychology. The purpose of the current paper was to use a large sample of real-world data (109 …
Bayesian Inference: Combining Base Rates With Opinions …
In this model, the source's report corresponds to a scale value that is adjusted according to the source's bias. This adjusted value is weighted as a function of the source's expertise and …
The base rate principle and the fairness principle in social
Results showed that before individuating facts were learned, explicit beliefs followed the fairness principle, whereas implicit beliefs followed the base rate principle. After individuating facts …
