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| bias in survey questions: Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods Paul J. Lavrakas, 2008-09-12 To the uninformed, surveys appear to be an easy type of research to design and conduct, but when students and professionals delve deeper, they encounter the vast complexities that the range and practice of survey methods present. To complicate matters, technology has rapidly affected the way surveys can be conducted; today, surveys are conducted via cell phone, the Internet, email, interactive voice response, and other technology-based modes. Thus, students, researchers, and professionals need both a comprehensive understanding of these complexities and a revised set of tools to meet the challenges. In conjunction with top survey researchers around the world and with Nielsen Media Research serving as the corporate sponsor, the Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods presents state-of-the-art information and methodological examples from the field of survey research. Although there are other how-to guides and references texts on survey research, none is as comprehensive as this Encyclopedia, and none presents the material in such a focused and approachable manner. With more than 600 entries, this resource uses a Total Survey Error perspective that considers all aspects of possible survey error from a cost-benefit standpoint. Key Features Covers all major facets of survey research methodology, from selecting the sample design and the sampling frame, designing and pretesting the questionnaire, data collection, and data coding, to the thorny issues surrounding diminishing response rates, confidentiality, privacy, informed consent and other ethical issues, data weighting, and data analyses Presents a Reader′s Guide to organize entries around themes or specific topics and easily guide users to areas of interest Offers cross-referenced terms, a brief listing of Further Readings, and stable Web site URLs following most entries The Encyclopedia of Survey Research Methods is specifically written to appeal to beginning, intermediate, and advanced students, practitioners, researchers, consultants, and consumers of survey-based information. |
| bias in survey questions: OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being OECD, 2013-03-20 These Guidelines represent the first attempt to provide international recommendations on collecting, publishing, and analysing subjective well-being data. |
| bias in survey questions: Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research Alex C. Michalos, 2014-02-12 The aim of this encyclopedia is to provide a comprehensive reference work on scientific and other scholarly research on the quality of life, including health-related quality of life research or also called patient-reported outcomes research. Since the 1960s two overlapping but fairly distinct research communities and traditions have developed concerning ideas about the quality of life, individually and collectively, one with a fairly narrow focus on health-related issues and one with a quite broad focus. In many ways, the central issues of these fields have roots extending to the observations and speculations of ancient philosophers, creating a continuous exploration by diverse explorers in diverse historic and cultural circumstances over several centuries of the qualities of human existence. What we have not had so far is a single, multidimensional reference work connecting the most salient and important contributions to the relevant fields. Entries are organized alphabetically and cover basic concepts, relatively well established facts, lawlike and causal relations, theories, methods, standardized tests, biographic entries on significant figures, organizational profiles, indicators and indexes of qualities of individuals and of communities of diverse sizes, including rural areas, towns, cities, counties, provinces, states, regions, countries and groups of countries. |
| bias in survey questions: Behind the Message Kathleen A. Hansen, Nora Paul, 2004 Behind the Message is a thoroughly revised and updated text based on the highly regarded Search Strategies in Mass Communication, used in many communication programs for 15 years. Written by two nationally recognized experts in information strategy, the book leads students step-by-step through the search and evaluation process while retaining the conceptual and intellectual overview that was the hallmark of Search Strategies. It includes new materials and case studies that illustrate the search and evaluation process as it applies to news and strategic communications messages. Features A conceptual model of the information strategy process is visually illustrated in each chapter, helping students to systematically learn the information strategy process. Case studies of the information strategy process illustrate how each information contributor's materials are used in messages. A case study is included in the appendix that allows students to see concrete examples of the search process as applied to news and strategic communications messages. Cartoons in several chapters offer students a lighthearted look at some of the key concepts discussed in the text. |
| bias in survey questions: Conducting Online Surveys Valerie M. Sue, Lois A. Ritter, 2012 This book addresses the needs of researchers who want to conduct surveys online. Issues discussed include sampling from online populations, developing online and mobile questionnaires, and administering electronic surveys, are unique to digital surveys. Others, like creating reliable and valid survey questions, data analysis strategies, and writing the survey report, are common to all survey environments. This single resource captures the particulars of conducting digital surveys from start to finish |
| bias in survey questions: Quantifying the User Experience Jeff Sauro, James R Lewis, 2016-07-12 Quantifying the User Experience: Practical Statistics for User Research, Second Edition, provides practitioners and researchers with the information they need to confidently quantify, qualify, and justify their data. The book presents a practical guide on how to use statistics to solve common quantitative problems that arise in user research. It addresses questions users face every day, including, Is the current product more usable than our competition? Can we be sure at least 70% of users can complete the task on their first attempt? How long will it take users to purchase products on the website? This book provides a foundation for statistical theories and the best practices needed to apply them. The authors draw on decades of statistical literature from human factors, industrial engineering, and psychology, as well as their own published research, providing both concrete solutions (Excel formulas and links to their own web-calculators), along with an engaging discussion on the statistical reasons why tests work and how to effectively communicate results. Throughout this new edition, users will find updates on standardized usability questionnaires, a new chapter on general linear modeling (correlation, regression, and analysis of variance), with updated examples and case studies throughout. - Completely updated to provide practical guidance on solving usability testing problems with statistics for any project, including those using Six Sigma practices - Includes new and revised information on standardized usability questionnaires - Includes a completely new chapter introducing correlation, regression, and analysis of variance - Shows practitioners which test to use, why they work, and best practices for application, along with easy-to-use Excel formulas and web-calculators for analyzing data - Recommends ways for researchers and practitioners to communicate results to stakeholders in plain English |
| bias in survey questions: The Cultural Authority of Science Martin Bauer, Petra Pansegrau, Rajesh Shukla, 2018-09-24 The cultural authority of science is the authority that is granted to science in any particular context. This authority is as much a matter of image and perceived legitimacy as of statutory guarantee. However, while authority can be charismatic, based on tradition or based on competence, we would assume that science aims to be an authority of competence. To what extent does science have the last word, or stand above opinion on public issues? This Indo-European led collaboration aims to map the cultural authority of science, and to construct a system of indicators to observe this ‘science culture’ based on artefacts (science news analysis) and espoused beliefs and evaluations (public attitude data). Indeed, through a series of studies the authors examine the cultural authority of science in light of the challenges posed by European, Asian, African and American developments and debates. In particular, two main ideas are examined: the ‘Lighthouse’ model, whereby science is shining into a stormy sea of ignorance and mistrust; and the ‘Bungee Jump’ model, which demonstrates how science occasionally experiences a rough ride against a backdrop of goodwill. Presenting expertise in discourse analysis, computer-assisted text analysis and largescale survey analysis, The Cultural Authority of Science will be of interest to a global audience concerned with the standing of science in society. In particular, it may appeal to scholars and students of fields such as sociology of science, science communication, science studies, scientometrics, innovation studies and social psychology. |
| bias in survey questions: Nonresponse in Household Interview Surveys Robert M. Groves, Mick P. Couper, 2012-08-29 A comprehensive framework for both reduction of nonresponse andpostsurvey adjustment for nonresponse This book provides guidance and support for survey statisticianswho need to develop models for postsurvey adjustment fornonresponse, and for survey designers and practitioners attemptingto reduce unit nonresponse in household interview surveys. Itpresents the results of an eight-year research program that hasassembled an unprecedented data set on respondents andnonrespondents from several major household surveys in the UnitedStates. Within a comprehensive conceptual framework of influences onnonresponse, the authors investigate every aspect of surveycooperation, from the influences of household characteristics andsocial and environmental factors to the interaction betweeninterviewers and householders and the design of the surveyitself. Nonresponse in Household Interview Surveys: * Provides a theoretical framework for understanding and studyinghousehold survey nonresponse * Empirically explores the individual and combined influences ofseveral factors on nonresponse * Presents chapter introductions, summaries, and discussions onpractical implications to clarify concepts and theories * Supplies extensive references for further study and inquiry Nonresponse in Household Interview Surveys is an important resourcefor professionals and students in survey methodology/researchmethods as well as those who use survey methods or data inbusiness, government, and academia. It addresses issues critical todealing with nonresponse in surveys, reducing nonresponse duringsurvey data collection, and constructing statistical compensationsfor the effects of nonresponse on key survey estimates. |
| bias in survey questions: Social Science Research Anol Bhattacherjee, 2012-04-01 This book is designed to introduce doctoral and graduate students to the process of conducting scientific research in the social sciences, business, education, public health, and related disciplines. It is a one-stop, comprehensive, and compact source for foundational concepts in behavioral research, and can serve as a stand-alone text or as a supplement to research readings in any doctoral seminar or research methods class. This book is currently used as a research text at universities on six continents and will shortly be available in nine different languages. |
| bias in survey questions: Doing Surveys Online Vera Toepoel, 2015-11-02 Vera Toepoel’s practical, how-to guide to doing surveys online takes you through the entire process of using surveys, from systematically recruiting respondents, to designing the internet survey, to processing the survey data and writing it up. This book helps students and researchers in identifying possible strategies to make the best use of online surveys, providing pro’s and con’s, and do’s and don’ts for each strategy. It also explores the latest opportunities and developments that have arisen in the field of online surveys, including using social networks, and provides expert guidance and examples of best practice throughout. Suitable for those starting a research project or conducting a survey in a professional capacity, this book is the ideal go-to reference for anyone using internet surveys, be it a beginner or a more experienced survey researcher. |
| bias in survey questions: Constructing Questions for Interviews and Questionnaires William Foddy, William H. Foddy, 1993 The success of any interview or questionnaire depends upon good question design, yet most of the available literature has been devoted to interview techniques, rather than question formulation. This practical book provides a coherent, theoretical basis for the construction of valid and reliable questions for interviews and questionnaires. The theoretical framework used in the book provides a set of principles that, when followed, will increase the validity and reliability of verbal data collected for social research. Dr Foddy outlines the problems which can arise when framing questions with clarity and commonsense. He has written a wide ranging, useful book for survey practitioners working in the social sciences. |
| bias in survey questions: Business Model Innovation Allan Afuah, 2018-10-03 Rooted in strategic management research, Business Model Innovation explores the concepts, tools, and techniques that enable organizations to gain and/or maintain a competitive advantage in the face of technological innovation, globalization, and an increasingly knowledge-intensive economy. Updated with all-new cases, this second edition of the must-have for those looking to grasp the fundamentals of business model innovation, explores the novel ways in which an organization can generate, deliver, and monetize benefits to customers. |
| bias in survey questions: Encyclopedia of Social Measurement Kimberly Kempf-Leonard, 2005 The Encyclopedia of Social Measurement captures the data, techniques, theories, designs, applications, histories, and implications of assigning numerical values to social phenomena. Responding to growing demands for transdisciplinary descriptions of quantitative and qualitative techniques, measurement, sampling, and statistical methods, it will increase the proficiency of everyone who gathers and analyzes data. Covering all core social science disciplines, the 300+ articles of the Encyclopedia of Social Measurement not only present a comprehensive summary of observational frameworks and mathematical models, but also offer tools, background information, qualitative methods, and guidelines for structuring the research process. Articles include examples and applications of research strategies and techniques, highlighting multidisciplinary options for observing social phenomena. The alphabetical arrangement of the articles, their glossaries and cross-references, and the volumes' detailed index will encourage exploration across the social sciences. Descriptions of important data sets and case studies will help readers understand resources they can often instantly access. Also available online via ScienceDirect - featuring extensive browsing, searching, and internal cross-referencing between articles in the work, plus dynamic linking to journal articles and abstract databases, making navigation flexible and easy. For more information, pricing options and availability visit www.info.sciencedirect.com. Introduces readers to the advantages and potential of specific techniques and suggests additional sources that readers can then consult to learn more Conveys a range of basic to complex research issues in sufficient detail to explain even the most complicated statistical technique. Readers are provided with references for further information Eleven substantive sections delineate social sciences and the research processes they follow to measure and provide new knowledge on a wide range of topics Authors are prominent scholars and methodologists from all social science fields Within each of the sections important components of quantitative and qualitative research methods are dissected and illustrated with examples from diverse fields of study Actual research experiences provide useful examples |
| bias in survey questions: Handbook of EHealth Evaluation Francis Yin Yee Lau, Craig Kuziemsky, 2016-11 To order please visit https://onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca/press/books/ordering/ |
| bias in survey questions: Understanding Your Users Kathy Baxter, Catherine Courage, Kelly Caine, 2015-05-20 This new and completely updated edition is a comprehensive, easy-to-read, how-to guide on user research methods. You'll learn about many distinct user research methods and also pre- and post-method considerations such as recruiting, facilitating activities or moderating, negotiating with product developments teams/customers, and getting your results incorporated into the product. For each method, you'll understand how to prepare for and conduct the activity, as well as analyze and present the data - all in a practical and hands-on way. Each method presented provides different information about the users and their requirements (e.g., functional requirements, information architecture). The techniques can be used together to form a complete picture of the users' needs or they can be used separately throughout the product development lifecycle to address specific product questions. These techniques have helped product teams understand the value of user experience research by providing insight into how users behave and what they need to be successful. You will find brand new case studies from leaders in industry and academia that demonstrate each method in action. This book has something to offer whether you are new to user experience or a seasoned UX professional. After reading this book, you'll be able to choose the right user research method for your research question and conduct a user research study. Then, you will be able to apply your findings to your own products. - Completely new and revised edition includes 30+% new content! - Discover the foundation you need to prepare for any user research activity and ensure that the results are incorporated into your products - Includes all new case studies for each method from leaders in industry and academia |
| bias in survey questions: Statistics For Dummies Deborah J. Rumsey, 2016-06-07 The fun and easy way to get down to business with statistics Stymied by statistics? No fear? this friendly guide offers clear, practical explanations of statistical ideas, techniques, formulas, and calculations, with lots of examples that show you how these concepts apply to your everyday life. Statistics For Dummies shows you how to interpret and critique graphs and charts, determine the odds with probability, guesstimate with confidence using confidence intervals, set up and carry out a hypothesis test, compute statistical formulas, and more. Tracks to a typical first semester statistics course Updated examples resonate with today's students Explanations mirror teaching methods and classroom protocol Packed with practical advice and real-world problems, Statistics For Dummies gives you everything you need to analyze and interpret data for improved classroom or on-the-job performance. |
| bias in survey questions: Benchmarking the User Experience Jeff Sauro, 2018-06-25 This is a practical book about how to measure the user experience of websites, software, mobile apps, products, or just anything people use. This book is for UX researchers, designers, product owners, or anyone that has a vested interest in improving experience of websites and products--Introduction. |
| bias in survey questions: Reference Manual on Scientific Evidence , 1994 |
| bias in survey questions: Measuring Regulatory Performance A Practitioner's Guide to Perception Surveys OECD, 2012-01-16 This guide helps officials use perception surveys for evaluating and communicating progress in regulatory reform. It explains the challenges involved in the design and use of business and citizen perception surveys – and ways to overcome them. |
| bias in survey questions: Core Psychiatry E-Book Padraig Wright, Julian Stern, Michael Phelan, 2012-01-08 A new edition of a highly successful, award winning textbook for trainee psychiatrists, covering in one volume all the subjects required for the new MRCPsych and similar exams. Written in a highly engaging manner, it will also prove invaluable to qualified psychiatrists who need to keep up-to-date with the latest developments, as well as clinical psychologists, general practitioners, psychiatric nurses and senior medical students Concise yet comprehensive, Core Psychiatry relfects the latest developments in the curriculum plus all that is new and essential in clinical practice and the sciences that underpin it. It includes new information on the new Mental Capacity Act and Mental Health Act as well as enhanced sections on psychopharmacology, old age psychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry, forensic psychiatry and rehabilitation. The book also makes refernce to the latest NICE guidelines and includes new sections on sleep medicine and trauma psychiatry. New edition of a popular MRCPsych curriculum based text Previous edition ‘Highly Commended’ (Mental Health category) in the BMA Awards 2005 Contains useful summary boxes, lists and key points to make last minute learning easy Comprehensive and authoritative resource written by contributors to ensure complete accuracy and currency of specialist information Chapters prepared by specialists working in conjunction with trainees – content totally up-to-date and jointly written by authors who have recently been in the exam situation Contains the latest findings in sleep medicine and trauma psychiatry Expanded section on psychology – including social psychology – to reflect the latest MRCPych examination format Text updated in full to reflect the new Mental Capacity Act and Mental Health Act Relevant chapters now contain a ‘skills and competency’ section to reflect changes in MRCPsych curriculum Updating and amendments to improve coverage of old age psychiatry, child and adolescent psychiatry, forensic psychiatry and rehabilitation Contains reference to the latest NICE guidelines in boxes and tables Enhanced discussion of the use of the best current management options, both pharmacological and psychotherapeutic, the latter including CBT, DBT, EMDR and psychodynamic group, couple and family therapy. |
| bias in survey questions: Customer Analytics For Dummies Jeff Sauro, 2015-02-02 The easy way to grasp customer analytics Ensuring your customers are having positive experiences with your company at all levels, including initial brand awareness and loyalty, is crucial to the success of your business. Customer Analytics For Dummies shows you how to measure each stage of the customer journey and use the right analytics to understand customer behavior and make key business decisions. Customer Analytics For Dummies gets you up to speed on what you should be testing. You'll also find current information on how to leverage A/B testing, social media's role in the post-purchasing analytics, usability metrics, prediction and statistics, and much more to effectively manage the customer experience. Written by a highly visible expert in the area of customer analytics, this guide will have you up and running on putting customer analytics into practice at your own business in no time. Shows you what to measure, how to measure, and ways to interpret the data Provides real-world customer analytics examples from companies such as Wikipedia, PayPal, and Walmart Explains how to use customer analytics to make smarter business decisions that generate more loyal customers Offers easy-to-digest information on understanding each stage of the customer journey Whether you're part of a Customer Engagement team or a product, marketing, or design professional looking to get a leg up, Customer Analytics For Dummies has you covered. |
| bias in survey questions: Perspectives on Bias in Mental Testing Cecil Reynolds, 2013-11-11 The cultural-test-bias hypothesis is one of the most important scien tific questions facing psychology today. Briefly, the cultural-test-bias hypothesis contends that all observed group differences in mental test scores are due to a built-in cultural bias of the tests themselves; that is, group score differences are an artifact of current psychomet ric methodology. If the cultural-test-bias hypothesis is ultimately shown to be correct, then the 100 years or so of psychological research on human differences (or differential psychology, the sci entific discipline underlying all applied areas of human psychology including clinical, counseling, school, and industrial psychology) must be reexamined and perhaps dismissed as confounded, contam inated, or otherwise artifactual. In order to continue its existence as a scientific discipline, psychology must confront the cultural-test-bias hypothesis from the solid foundations of data and theory and must not allow the resolution of this issue to occur solely within (and to be determined by) the political Zeitgeist of the times or any singular work, no matter how comprehensive. In his recent volume Bias in Mental Testing (New York: Free Press, 1980), Arthur Jensen provided a thorough review of most of the empirical research relevant to the evaluation of cultural bias in psychological and educational tests that was available at the time that his book was prepared. Nevertheless, Jensen presented only one per spective on those issues in a volume intended not only for the sci entific community but for intelligent laypeople as well. |
| bias in survey questions: Ask a Manager Alison Green, 2018-05-01 From the creator of the popular website Ask a Manager and New York’s work-advice columnist comes a witty, practical guide to 200 difficult professional conversations—featuring all-new advice! There’s a reason Alison Green has been called “the Dear Abby of the work world.” Ten years as a workplace-advice columnist have taught her that people avoid awkward conversations in the office because they simply don’t know what to say. Thankfully, Green does—and in this incredibly helpful book, she tackles the tough discussions you may need to have during your career. You’ll learn what to say when • coworkers push their work on you—then take credit for it • you accidentally trash-talk someone in an email then hit “reply all” • you’re being micromanaged—or not being managed at all • you catch a colleague in a lie • your boss seems unhappy with your work • your cubemate’s loud speakerphone is making you homicidal • you got drunk at the holiday party Praise for Ask a Manager “A must-read for anyone who works . . . [Alison Green’s] advice boils down to the idea that you should be professional (even when others are not) and that communicating in a straightforward manner with candor and kindness will get you far, no matter where you work.”—Booklist (starred review) “The author’s friendly, warm, no-nonsense writing is a pleasure to read, and her advice can be widely applied to relationships in all areas of readers’ lives. Ideal for anyone new to the job market or new to management, or anyone hoping to improve their work experience.”—Library Journal (starred review) “I am a huge fan of Alison Green’s Ask a Manager column. This book is even better. It teaches us how to deal with many of the most vexing big and little problems in our workplaces—and to do so with grace, confidence, and a sense of humor.”—Robert Sutton, Stanford professor and author of The No Asshole Rule and The Asshole Survival Guide “Ask a Manager is the ultimate playbook for navigating the traditional workforce in a diplomatic but firm way.”—Erin Lowry, author of Broke Millennial: Stop Scraping By and Get Your Financial Life Together |
| bias in survey questions: Basic Elements of Survey Research in Education Ulemu Luhanga, Allen G. Harbaugh, 2021-09-01 In this first book of the series Survey Methods in Educational Research, we have brought together leading authors and scholars in the field to discuss key introductory concepts in the creation, implementation, evaluation and dissemination of survey instruments and their resultant findings. While there are other textbooks that might introduce these concepts adequately well, the authors here have focused on the pragmatic issues that inevitably arise in the development and administration process of survey instruments. Drawing from their rich experiences, the authors present these potential speed bumps or road blocks a survey researcher in education or the social sciences might encounter. Referencing their own work and practice, the authors provide valuable suggestions for dealing with these issues “your advisor never told you about.” And all of the recommendations are aligned with standard protocols and current research on best practices in the field of research methodology. This book is broken into four broad units on creating survey items and instruments, administering surveys, analyzing the data from surveys, and stories of successful administrations modeling the entire research cycle. Each chapter focuses on a different concept in the survey research process, and the authors share their approaches to addressing the issues. These topics include survey item construction, scale development, cognitive interviewing, measuring change with self-report data, translation issues with surveys administered in multiple languages, working with school and program administrators when implementing surveys, a review of current software used in survey research, the use of weights, response styles, assessing validity of results, and effectively communicating your results and findings … and much more. The intended audience of the volume will be practitioners, administrators, teachers as researchers, graduate students, social science and education researchers not experienced in survey research, and students learning program evaluation. In brief, if you are considering doing survey research, this book is meant for you. |
| bias in survey questions: Standardized Survey Interviewing Floyd J. Fowler, Jr., Thomas W. Mangione, 1990 Accuracy, reliability, verifiable and error-free results - these are the goals that anyone involved in survey interviewing desires. A practical guide to producing standardized - and reliable - interviews, this volume represents a blending of social science theories of interviewing dynamics, the authors' own extensive research on interview-related error and a compilation of research evidence from other prominent methodologists. How to avoid errors, sampling design issues, question construction methods, supervision techniques, training methods and the organization of data collection staffs are all thoroughly examined. In addition, prescriptions for improving the quality of survey data results are clear and concise. Both students learning survey research methods for the first time and experienced, active researchers will find this volume indispensable. |
| bias in survey questions: An Introduction to Survey Research, Polling, and Data Analysis Herbert Weisberg, Jon A. Krosnick, Bruce D. Bowen, 1996-07-16 The nature of survey research - The survey process - Sampling procedures - Questionnaire construction - The data collection stage - Coding practices - Designing survey - The process of data analysis - Single-variable statistics - Statistical inference for means - Two-variable tables - Measures of association - Control tables - Correlation and regression - Writing survey reports - Evaluating surveys - The ethics of polls. |
| bias in survey questions: Handbook of Survey Methodology for the Social Sciences Lior Gideon, 2012-06-21 Surveys enjoy great ubiquity among data collection methods in social research: they are flexible in questioning techniques, in the amount of questions asked, in the topics covered, and in the various ways of interactions with respondents. Surveys are also the preferred method by many researchers in the social sciences due to their ability to provide quick profiles and results. Because they are so commonly used and fairly easy to administer, surveys are often thought to be easily thrown together. But designing an effective survey that yields reliable and valid results takes more than merely asking questions and waiting for the answers to arrive. Geared to the non-statistician, the Handbook of Survey Methodology in Social Sciences addresses issues throughout all phases of survey design and implementation. Chapters examine the major survey methods of data collection, providing expert guidelines for asking targeted questions, improving accuracy and quality of responses, while reducing sampling and non-sampling bias. Relying on the Total Survey Error theory, various issues of both sampling and non-sampling sources of error are explored and discussed. By covering all aspects of the topic, the Handbook is suited to readers taking their first steps in survey methodology, as well as to those already involved in survey design and execution, and to those currently in training. Featured in the Handbook: • The Total Survey Error: sampling and non-sampling errors. • Survey sampling techniques. • The art of question phrasing. • Techniques for increasing response rates • A question of ethics: what is allowed in survey research? • Survey design: face-to-face, phone, mail, e-mail, online, computer-assisted.? • Dealing with sensitive issues in surveys. • Demographics of respondents: implications for future survey research. • Dealing with nonresponse, and nonresponse bias The Handbook of Survey Methodology in Social Sciences offers how-to clarity for researchers in the social and behavioral sciences and related disciplines, including sociology, criminology, criminal justice, social psychology, education, public health, political science, management, and many other disciplines relying on survey methodology as one of their main data collection tools. |
| bias in survey questions: The Psychology of Survey Response Roger Tourangeau, Lance J. Rips, Kenneth Rasinski, 2000-03-13 This valuable book examines the complex psychological processes involved in answering different types of survey questions. Drawing on both classic and modern research from cognitive psychology, social psychology, and survey methodology, the authors examine how survey responses are formulated and they demonstrate how seemingly unimportant features of the survey can affect the answers obtained. The book provides a comprehensive review of the sources of response errors in surveys, and it offers a coherent theory of the relation between the underlying views of the public and the results of public opinion polls. Topics include the comprehension of survey questions, the recall of relevant facts and beliefs, estimation and inferential processes people use to answer survey questions, the sources of the apparent instability of public opinion, the difficulties in getting responses into the required format, and the distortions introduced into surveys by deliberate misreporting. |
| bias in survey questions: Survey Questions Jean M. Converse, Stanley Presser, 1986-09 This text reviews the literature on crafting survey instruments, and provides both general principles governing question-writing and guidance on how to develop a questionnaire. |
| bias in survey questions: Case-Control Studies Ruth H. Keogh, D. R. Cox, 2014-03-06 The case-control approach is a powerful method for investigating factors that may explain a particular event. It is extensively used in epidemiology to study disease incidence, one of the best-known examples being Bradford Hill and Doll's investigation of the possible connection between cigarette smoking and lung cancer. More recently, case-control studies have been increasingly used in other fields, including sociology and econometrics. With a particular focus on statistical analysis, this book is ideal for applied and theoretical statisticians wanting an up-to-date introduction to the field. It covers the fundamentals of case-control study design and analysis as well as more recent developments, including two-stage studies, case-only studies and methods for case-control sampling in time. The latter have important applications in large prospective cohorts which require case-control sampling designs to make efficient use of resources. More theoretical background is provided in an appendix for those new to the field. |
| bias in survey questions: Applied Social Science Approaches to Mixed Methods Research Baran, Mette Lise, Jones, Janice Elisabeth, 2019-10-25 Research that has been presented primarily by quantitative research can benefit from the voice of the participants and the added value of the different perspective that qualitative research can provide. The purpose of mixed methods research is to draw from the positive aspects of both research paradigms to better answer the research question. This type of research is often used in schools, businesses, and non-profit organizations as they strive to address and resolve questions that will impact their organizations. Applied Social Science Approaches to Mixed Methods Research is an academic research publication that examines more traditional and common research methods and how they can be complimented through qualitative counterparts. The content within this publication covers an array of topics such as entrepreneurship, social media, and marginalization. It is essential for researchers, academicians, non-profit professionals, business professionals, and higher education faculty, and specifically targets master or doctoral students committed to writing their theses, dissertations, or scholarly articles, who may not have had the benefit of working on a traditional research team. |
| bias in survey questions: Measurement Errors in Surveys Paul P. Biemer, Robert M. Groves, Lars E. Lyberg, Nancy A. Mathiowetz, Seymour Sudman, 2011-09-20 WILEY-INTERSCIENCE PAPERBACK SERIES The Wiley-Interscience Paperback Series consists of selected books that have been made more accessible to consumers in an effort to increase global appeal and general circulation. With these new unabridged softcover volumes, Wiley hopes to extend the lives of these works by making them available to future generations of statisticians, mathematicians, and scientists. This book will be an aid to survey statisticians and to research workers who must work with survey data. –Short Book Reviews, International Statistical Institute Measurement Errors in Surveys documents the current state of the field, reports new research findings, and promotes interdisciplinary exchanges in modeling, assessing, and reducing measurement errors in surveys. Providing a fundamental approach to measurement errors, the book features sections on the questionnaire, respondents and responses, interviewers and other means of data collection, the respondent-interviewer relationship, and the effects of measurement errors on estimation and data analysis. |
| bias in survey questions: Nonresponse in Social Science Surveys National Research Council, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on National Statistics, Panel on a Research Agenda for the Future of Social Science Data Collection, 2013-10-26 For many household surveys in the United States, responses rates have been steadily declining for at least the past two decades. A similar decline in survey response can be observed in all wealthy countries. Efforts to raise response rates have used such strategies as monetary incentives or repeated attempts to contact sample members and obtain completed interviews, but these strategies increase the costs of surveys. This review addresses the core issues regarding survey nonresponse. It considers why response rates are declining and what that means for the accuracy of survey results. These trends are of particular concern for the social science community, which is heavily invested in obtaining information from household surveys. The evidence to date makes it apparent that current trends in nonresponse, if not arrested, threaten to undermine the potential of household surveys to elicit information that assists in understanding social and economic issues. The trends also threaten to weaken the validity of inferences drawn from estimates based on those surveys. High nonresponse rates create the potential or risk for bias in estimates and affect survey design, data collection, estimation, and analysis. The survey community is painfully aware of these trends and has responded aggressively to these threats. The interview modes employed by surveys in the public and private sectors have proliferated as new technologies and methods have emerged and matured. To the traditional trio of mail, telephone, and face-to-face surveys have been added interactive voice response (IVR), audio computer-assisted self-interviewing (ACASI), web surveys, and a number of hybrid methods. Similarly, a growing research agenda has emerged in the past decade or so focused on seeking solutions to various aspects of the problem of survey nonresponse; the potential solutions that have been considered range from better training and deployment of interviewers to more use of incentives, better use of the information collected in the data collection, and increased use of auxiliary information from other sources in survey design and data collection. Nonresponse in Social Science Surveys: A Research Agenda also documents the increased use of information collected in the survey process in nonresponse adjustment. |
| bias in survey questions: Survey Measurement of Drug Use , 1992 |
| bias in survey questions: Bias Interrupted Joan C. Williams, 2021-11-16 A cutting-edge, relentless, objective approach to inclusion. Companies spend billions of dollars annually on diversity efforts with remarkably few results. Too often diversity efforts rest on the assumption that all that's needed is an earnest conversation about privilege. That's not enough. To truly make progress we need to stop celebrating the problem and instead take effective steps to solve it. In Bias Interrupted, Joan C. Williams shows how it's done, and, reassuringly, how easy it is to get started. One of today's preeminent voices on inclusive workplaces, Williams explains how leaders can use standard business tools—data, metrics, and persistence—to interrupt the bias that is continually transmitted through formal systems like performance appraisals, as well as the informal systems that control access to career-enhancing opportunities. The book presents fresh evidence, based on Williams's exhaustive research and work with companies, that interrupting bias helps every group—including white men. Comprehensive, though compact and straightforward, Bias Interrupted delivers real, practical value in an efficient and accessible manner to an audience that has never needed it more. It's possible to interrupt bias. Here's where you start. |
| bias in survey questions: Authentic Happiness Martin Seligman, 2011-01-11 In this important, entertaining book, one of the world's most celebrated psychologists, Martin Seligman, asserts that happiness can be learned and cultivated, and that everyone has the power to inject real joy into their lives. In Authentic Happiness, he describes the 24 strengths and virtues unique to the human psyche. Each of us, it seems, has at least five of these attributes, and can build on them to identify and develop to our maximum potential. By incorporating these strengths - which include kindness, originality, humour, optimism, curiosity, enthusiasm and generosity -- into our everyday lives, he tells us, we can reach new levels of optimism, happiness and productivity. Authentic Happiness provides a variety of tests and unique assessment tools to enable readers to discover and deploy those strengths at work, in love and in raising children. By accessing the very best in ourselves, we can improve the world around us and achieve new and lasting levels of authentic contentment and joy. |
| bias in survey questions: Why Evolution is True Jerry A. Coyne, 2010-01-14 For all the discussion in the media about creationism and 'Intelligent Design', virtually nothing has been said about the evidence in question - the evidence for evolution by natural selection. Yet, as this succinct and important book shows, that evidence is vast, varied, and magnificent, and drawn from many disparate fields of science. The very latest research is uncovering a stream of evidence revealing evolution in action - from the actual observation of a species splitting into two, to new fossil discoveries, to the deciphering of the evidence stored in our genome. Why Evolution is True weaves together the many threads of modern work in genetics, palaeontology, geology, molecular biology, anatomy, and development to demonstrate the 'indelible stamp' of the processes first proposed by Darwin. It is a crisp, lucid, and accessible statement that will leave no one with an open mind in any doubt about the truth of evolution. |
| bias in survey questions: Introduction to Survey Sampling Graham Kalton, 1983-09 Reviews sampling methods used in surveys: simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratification, cluster and multi-stage sampling, sampling with probability proportional to size, two-phase sampling, replicated sampling, panel designs, and non-probability sampling. Kalton discusses issues of practical implementation, including frame problems and non-response, and gives examples of sample designs for a national face-to-face interview survey and for a telephone survey. He also treats the use of weights in survey analysis, the computation of sampling errors with complex sampling designs, and the determination of sample size. |
| bias in survey questions: Survey Nonresponse Robert M. Groves, 2002 This volume offers coverage of research in the field of survey nonresponse, the primary threat to the statistical integrity of surveys. This book was written in conjunction with the International Conference on Survey Nonresponse, October 1999. |
| bias in survey questions: Foundations of Epidemiology Marit L. Bovbjerg, 2020-10 Foundations of Epidemiology is an open access, introductory epidemiology text intended for students and practitioners in public or allied health fields. It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening. Concepts are illustrated with numerous examples drawn from contemporary and historical public health issues. |
机器学习中的 Bias（偏差）、Error（误差）、Variance（方 …
首先明确一点，Bias和Variance是针对Generalization（一般化，泛化）来说的。. 在机器学习中，我们用训练数据集去训练（学习）一个model（模型），通常的做法是 …
神经网络中的偏置（bias）究竟有什么用？ - 知乎
神经网络中的偏置（bias）究竟有什么用？ 最近写了一下模式识别的作业，简单的用python实现了一个三层神经网络，发现不加偏置的话，网络的训练精度一直不能够提 …
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各位同学，你们有没有想过‘偏见’在英语中是怎么说的？没错，答案就是'bias'！而且，我们这次还结合了一款超酷的桌面背单词软件，让你在学习单词的同时，也能感受到科技的魅
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Bias：Bias is a tendency to prefer one person or thing to another, and to favour that person or thing. 可见 bias 所表示的意思是“偏爱”，其本质是一种喜 …
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正在写SCI的小伙伴看到这篇回答有福了！作为一个在硕士阶段发表了4篇SCI（一区×2，二区×2）的人，本回答就好好给你唠唠究竟该如何撰写Declaration of interest利益声明部 …
Effects of the Avidity Bias on Survey Estimates of Fishing …
answer additional questions were mailed a BASES questionnaire. This solicitation was re- peated over seven 2-month survey waves, begin- ning with July-August 1985 and ending with July- …
5B: Types of Bias in Statistical Studies - SOLUTIONS - Cara …
Loaded questions – when the question wording influences the responses . ... In each situation, identify a potential source of bias . a. A survey asks how many sexual partners a person has …
13.1 Sampling Methods PRACTICE - Algebra 2 Common Core
For questions 1 - 7, tell what the population is, the sample, the sampling design and any possible sources of bias and what the effect of that bias would most likely be, if possible. 1. A local TV …
Creating Effective Surveys - ed
the “right” survey questions were asked. To help state and local leaders improve existing instruments ... This resource offers general guidelines on bias-free language and specific …
Program Evaluation Tip Sheet: Constructing Survey …
Your survey mode may have implications for question wording, type, placement, and survey length. Common Pitfalls to Avoid When Constructing Your Survey Questions: Creating well …
Social Preferences: Survey Methods - Scholars at Harvard
3 Writing Survey Questions 4 Response Biases 5 Survey Experiments 4 84. Outline 1 Sample 2 Managing Respondents’ Attention 3 Writing Survey Questions 4 Response Biases 5 Survey …
Survey Methodologies for Sensitive Questions - Harvard …
Introduction IChallenge of measuring sensitive attitudes and behaviors I social desirability bias I non-response bias IIndirect methods becoming increasingly popular I list experiments I …
AP Statistics Tutorial: Bias in Survey Sampling - Business …
A poor measurement process can also lead to bias. In survey research, the measurement process includes the environment in which the survey is conducted, the way that questions are asked, …
Evaluating Measurement Error in the MRIP Fishing Effort …
Oct 25, 2023 · new survey, known as the Fishing Effort Survey (FES), to collect data about recreational shore and private boat sh-ing trips along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico …
Reducing Survey Bias Through Cultural and Response-Style …
2. Cognitive Pre-testing: This is the process in which a few participants are asked questions orally after they complete a pilot survey to ascertain whether they understood the survey questions …
TIPSHEET QUESTION WORDING - Duke University
The question above is far too complex for a survey. Questions should be as simple as possible. Avoid excessive clauses and awkward phrasings that may confuse respondents. It is fine to …
AChor/MBF3C Name: Date: Worksheet 8-2: Sampling Bias …
Bias is an intentional or unintentional distortion of the data collected in a survey. A survey should be as free of bias as possible. Common Bias: Response Bias the type of bias which can affect …
Author: James K. Doyle Associate Professor of Psychology …
response bias Abstract: In a face-to-face survey, an interviewer is physically present to ask the survey questions and to assist the respondent in answering them. This survey delivery mode …
Cultural Competence Self-Assessment Questionnaire
Feb 14, 2006 · Responding to questions about racial and cultural differences can create problems for individuals or an entire staff. These feelings can create tension when agencies and …
Sensitive Questions, Truthful Answers? Modeling the List …
Which of these survey questions will be answered honestly? Racism, terrorism, corruption: political questions can be sensitive, and what makes ... 2 The Problem of Response Bias …
Examining Social Desirability Bias in Online and Offline …
Keywords: mixed-mode survey, sensitive questions, web survey, mail survey 1 Introduction In contemporary information societies, it is a well-known fact that survey researchers have met …
INTERACTION OF SURVEY QUESTIONS AS IT RELATES TO
INTERACTION OF SURVEY QUESTIONS AS IT RELATES TO INTERVIEWER-RESPONDENT BIAS Christina O. Gibson, Gary M. Shapiro, Linda R. Murphy, Gary J. Stanko ... the questions …
Determinants of social desirability bias in sensitive surveys: a ...
survey quality (Lensvelt-Mulders 2008; Tourangeau and Yan 2007). For example, questions that are supposed to be sensitive are often associated with comparatively higher item non …
Survey & Evaluation Guide - PBISApps
Feedback and Input Survey: School Personnel Feedback and Input Survey: Family Teams use responses separately or in combination to increase voice and choice in how Tier 1 behavior …
TIPSHEET SENSITIVE QUESTIONS - Duke University
questions in a survey. Some respondents may even stop taking the survey because a sensitive question turns them off from the process. This tipsheet deals with two types of sensitivity: …
2.4 Bias in Surveys - Toronto District Christian High School
b) The following questions were drafted for the survey questionnaire. Identify any bias in the questions and suggest a rewording to eliminate the bias. i) Can your family afford high-speed …
Social Desirability Bias and the Validity of Indirect …
about the validity of indirect questioning in reducing social desirability bias. This article reports on three studies that examine indirect questioning as a technique to reduce social desirability bias …
ESOMAR 28 28 Questions to Help Buyers of Online Samples
Apr 30, 2019 · Sometimes, additional questions are asked prior to survey entry to ensure qualification. All processes related to the routers are randomized to avoid source bias. 4 ... To …
Survey Design - Harvard University
Oct 15, 2014 · survey questions match how people think and act in reality. Arevik Avedian 3 . Survey Design Surveys by type of study design Design - Planning/implementing a study ... – …
Improving Survey Methodologies for Sensitive Questions
IWhy are direct questions a bad idea? 1.Threats to enumerators and respondents 2.Nonresponse, social desirability bias 3.Interviews are public 4.Danger of selection bias in sampling locations …
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bias, as discussed in the last section of this chapter. 74 | Social Science Research Depending on how the data is collected, survey research can be divided into two broad ... Survey questions …
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(particularly for some types of questions), higher response rates and lower non-response bias. However, one of the main potential drawbacks is the risk of measurement differences by mode …
2016 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty …
Nonresponse bias occurs when survey respondents are systematically different from nonrespondents. Statistically, the bias in a respondent mean (e.g., sexual assault rate) is a …
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bias, a subset of what we label sensitivity bias. We make three contributions. First, we propose a social reference theory of sensitivity bias to structure expectations about survey responses on …
Biased data: Student worksheet
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survey questions. If the person had at least five minutes on the bus, the interviewer administered the questionnaire in the form of a face-to-face interview. If the passenger was unable to answer …
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Inaccurate responses bias survey questions asking respondents to predict their behavior. Respondents may intentionally provide socially desirable answers or poorly predict their actual …
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shorter survey. In comparison, non-response for open ended questions is comparatively high. For this survey non-response rates for the two open ended questions were 41% and 76% percent. …
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arXiv:2503.16498v1 [cs.HC] 11 Mar 2025
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since they may introduce bias in the survey results. Hospitals/Survey vendors are not allowed to: Attempt to influence or encourage patients to answer HCAHPS questions in a particular way …
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survey questions focused on Native experiences of perceived bias or discrimination in financial services and on select measures of financial well -being. Key Findings . How do …
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Technical note: errors and bias in surveys - alnap.cdn.ngo
Technical note: errors and bias in surveys – Tdh Quality Accountability unit – 2017 5 h Neutral terms, no pejoratives, gender and age neutral, h No threatening, no taboo questions, too …
TIPS FOR DEVELOPING SURVEY …
4 Bias is an unfair preferences or dislike of something.Different aspects of the respondents experiences or the way a survey is administered could skew the results of a survey. You will …
2023 Bias Analysis - Ask HYS
HYS 2023 Bias Analysis 2 Prepared for: Health Care Authority Sue Birch, Director, Health Care Authority Teesha Kirschbaum, Assistant Director, Division of Behavioral Health and Recovery
Survey
BIAS INTERRUPTERS FOR MEETINGS Survey Equality Action Center, 2025. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ... Don’t forget to …
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into online survey questions about sex. The sample was recruited for a longitudinal mental health study using a probability- ... to monitor participation bias in sex survey research as online …
Survey tool development
factors in the Iranian population; a web-based survey” – BMC Public Health, 2021 Small groups: Discuss these questions – refer to potential sources of bias, such as: 16 • Ambiguous or vague …
