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African American Women's History Month: A Celebration of Resilience, Resistance, and Achievement
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD in African American History, Professor of History at Howard University. Dr. Reed is a leading scholar on the experiences of African American women throughout history, and author of several acclaimed books on the subject.
Keyword: african american womens history month
Publisher: The Journal of African American History and Culture, a prestigious peer-reviewed journal published by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) known for its rigorous scholarship and commitment to accurate and impactful historical representation.
Editor: Professor Anya Anyaegbunam, PhD in History, specializing in 20th-century African American social movements. Professor Anyaegbunam has extensive experience editing scholarly articles and ensuring historical accuracy.
Abstract: African American Women's History Month, observed annually in February, is a crucial period for acknowledging the often-overlooked contributions of Black women to American society and the world. This article delves into the historical context of the month's establishment, explores the multifaceted experiences of Black women throughout history, and highlights the ongoing fight for racial and gender justice. We examine key figures, significant events, and the lasting impact of their struggles on shaping the landscape of America and beyond. The article emphasizes the importance of recognizing the intersectionality of race and gender in shaping the lives and achievements of African American women, while also examining the diverse experiences within this community, accounting for class, regional differences, and sexual orientation.
The Genesis of African American Women's History Month
The celebration of African American Women's History Month didn't emerge overnight. It was the culmination of decades of activism and a growing recognition of the historical erasure of Black women's contributions. While Women's History Month itself has its roots in the women's movement of the 1970s and 1980s, the specific focus on the experiences of African American women developed later. It wasn't simply about adding another layer to existing narratives; it was about creating space for voices that had been systematically marginalized.
The struggle for recognition began long before the official designation of a dedicated month. Black women, throughout American history, have been at the forefront of social and political movements, fighting for civil rights, suffrage, and economic justice. Yet, their contributions were often relegated to footnotes or entirely ignored in dominant historical accounts.
The movement to establish a dedicated month gained momentum in the late 20th century, fueled by the efforts of scholars, activists, and community organizers who understood the critical need to highlight the untold stories of strength, resilience, and achievement among African American women. This wasn't simply about celebrating individual accomplishments but about reclaiming a narrative that had been systematically suppressed.
Exploring the Diverse Experiences within African American Women's History
Understanding African American Women's History Month requires acknowledging the incredible diversity within the community. The experiences of a Black woman in the rural South during the Jim Crow era differed significantly from those of a Black woman navigating the urban North during the Harlem Renaissance. Class, regional differences, sexual orientation, and even family background all played significant roles in shaping individual lives.
This diversity enriches the narrative, preventing the simplistic portrayal of a monolithic "African American woman" experience. The month serves as an opportunity to uncover these nuances, to celebrate the resilience of enslaved women, the brilliance of Black female intellectuals, the strength of Black mothers and caregivers, and the activism of Black women leaders.
From abolitionist figures like Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth to civil rights activists like Rosa Parks and Fannie Lou Hamer, the legacy of Black women's activism is undeniable. They fought for their own liberation and the liberation of their communities, often facing immense personal risks and systemic oppression. Their courage, dedication, and unwavering commitment to social justice laid the groundwork for many of the advancements we see today.
Beyond Activism: Celebrating Achievements in Arts, Sciences, and Beyond
African American Women's History Month isn't solely focused on activism. It's a time to celebrate the remarkable achievements of Black women across all fields. From literature and the arts to science and technology, the contributions of Black women have enriched society in countless ways.
Authors like Toni Morrison and Alice Walker have shaped literary landscapes, while artists like Kara Walker have challenged perceptions through powerful visual narratives. Scientists like Mae Jemison have broken barriers in space exploration, while entrepreneurs like Madam C.J. Walker have built empires from the ground up. These achievements, and countless others, stand as testaments to the ingenuity, creativity, and talent within the African American female community.
The Ongoing Fight for Racial and Gender Justice
The celebration of African American Women's History Month serves as a vital reminder that the fight for racial and gender justice is ongoing. Despite significant progress, Black women continue to face systemic inequalities in areas such as healthcare, education, employment, and the justice system. The month encourages critical reflection on the persistent challenges and motivates continued activism and advocacy for a more equitable society.
The intersectionality of race and gender creates unique challenges for Black women, making it essential to acknowledge and address the specific forms of discrimination they experience. This requires not only acknowledging historical injustices but also working towards tangible solutions to address the persistent inequalities that continue to impact their lives today.
The Importance of Intergenerational Dialogue and Education
Preserving and transmitting the stories of African American women is crucial for future generations. African American Women's History Month provides a powerful platform for intergenerational dialogue, connecting younger generations with the legacy of those who came before. This process of storytelling and education helps to ensure that the contributions of Black women are not forgotten and that future generations are inspired by their resilience and achievements.
The inclusion of these stories in educational curricula is essential. By integrating the narratives of Black women into mainstream history, we can create a more complete and accurate understanding of the past, present, and future.
Conclusion
African American Women's History Month is more than just a commemoration; it's a vital movement for recognizing the profound and often overlooked contributions of Black women to American society. It's a time for reflection, celebration, and recommitment to the ongoing fight for racial and gender justice. By understanding and celebrating their diverse stories, we can honor their legacies and strive towards a future where all individuals have the opportunity to reach their full potential. The month serves as a powerful reminder of the enduring strength, resilience, and transformative power of African American women.
FAQs
1. What is the significance of celebrating African American Women's History Month? It acknowledges the historical contributions and ongoing struggles of African American women, often marginalized in dominant historical narratives.
2. Who are some key figures celebrated during African American Women's History Month? Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, Rosa Parks, Fannie Lou Hamer, Toni Morrison, Mae Jemison, and Madam C.J. Walker are just a few examples.
3. How can I participate in African American Women's History Month? Attend events, read books and articles, support Black women-owned businesses, and engage in conversations about racial and gender justice.
4. What are some ongoing challenges faced by African American women today? Systemic inequalities in healthcare, education, employment, and the justice system remain significant challenges.
5. How can education help address the historical erasure of African American women's contributions? Integrating their stories into school curricula and public discourse is vital to accurate historical representation.
6. What role does intersectionality play in understanding the experiences of African American women? Intersectionality highlights how race, gender, class, and other factors intersect to shape their unique experiences and challenges.
7. What are some resources for learning more about African American women's history? Books, documentaries, museums, and online archives offer rich resources for exploration.
8. How can we ensure that the celebration of African American Women's History Month remains relevant beyond February? Continuing to advocate for racial and gender justice throughout the year is essential.
9. How can allies contribute to the celebration and advancement of African American women? Amplifying their voices, supporting their initiatives, and challenging systems of oppression are crucial steps.
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| african american womens history month: A Black Women's History of the United States Daina Ramey Berry, Kali Nicole Gross, 2020-02-04 The award-winning Revisioning American History series continues with this “groundbreaking new history of Black women in the United States” (Ibram X. Kendi)—the perfect companion to An Indigenous People’s History of the United States and An African American and Latinx History of the United States. An empowering and intersectional history that centers the stories of African American women across 400+ years, showing how they are—and have always been—instrumental in shaping our country. In centering Black women’s stories, two award-winning historians seek both to empower African American women and to show their allies that Black women’s unique ability to make their own communities while combatting centuries of oppression is an essential component in our continued resistance to systemic racism and sexism. Daina Ramey Berry and Kali Nicole Gross offer an examination and celebration of Black womanhood, beginning with the first African women who arrived in what became the United States to African American women of today. A Black Women’s History of the United States reaches far beyond a single narrative to showcase Black women’s lives in all their fraught complexities. Berry and Gross prioritize many voices: enslaved women, freedwomen, religious leaders, artists, queer women, activists, and women who lived outside the law. The result is a starting point for exploring Black women’s history and a testament to the beauty, richness, rhythm, tragedy, heartbreak, rage, and enduring love that abounds in the spirit of Black women in communities throughout the nation. |
| african american womens history month: If Your Back's Not Bent Dorothy F. Cotton, 2012 Director of the Citizenship Education Program, Dorothy Cotton, recounts the accomplishments of the program and her experiences in the civil rights movement. |
| african american womens history month: Black Girls Rock! Beverly Bond, 2018-02-27 From the award-winning entrepreneur, culture leader, and creator of the BLACK GIRLS ROCK! movement comes an inspiring and beautifully designed book that pays tribute to the achievements and contributions of black women around the world. Fueled by the insights of women of diverse backgrounds, including Michelle Obama, Angela Davis, Shonda Rhimes, Misty Copeland Yara Shahidi, and Mary J. Blige, this book is a celebration of black women’s voices and experiences that will become a collector’s items for generations to come. Maxine Waters shares the personal fulfillment of service. Moguls Cathy Hughes, Suzanne Shank, and Serena Williams recount stories of steadfastness, determination, diligence, dedication and the will to win. Erykah Badu, Toshi Reagon, Mickalane Thomas, Solange Knowles-Ferguson, and Rihanna offer insights on creativity and how they use it to stay in tune with their magic. Pioneering writers Rebecca Walker, Melissa Harris-Perry, and Joan Morgan speak on modern-day black feminist thought. Lupita Nyong’o, Susan Taylor, and Bethann Hardison affirm the true essence of holistic beauty. And Iyanla Vanzant reinforces Black Girl Magic in her powerful pledge. Through these and dozens of other unforgettable testimonies, Black Girls Rock! is an ode to black girl ambition, self-love, empowerment, and healing. Pairing inspirational essays and affirmations with lush, newly commissioned and classic photography, Black Girls Rock!: Owning Our Magic and Rocking Our Truth is not only a one-of-a-kind celebration of the diversity, fortitude, and spirituality of black women but also a foundational text that will energize and empower every reader. |
| african american womens history month: My Life, My Love, My Legacy Coretta Scott King, Barbara A. Reynolds, 2017-01-17 Born in 1927 to daringly enterprising parents in the Deep South, Coretta Scott had always felt called to a special purpose. While enrolled as one of the first black scholarship students recruited to Antioch College, she became politically and socially active and committed to the peace movement. As a graduate student at the New England Conservatory of Music, determined to pursue her own career as a concert singer, she met Martin Luther King Jr., a Baptist minister insistent that his wife stay home with the children. But in love and devoted to shared Christian beliefs as well as shared racial and economic justice goals, she married Dr. King, and events promptly thrust her into a maelstrom of history throughout which she was a strategic partner, a standard bearer, and so much more. As a widow and single mother of four, she worked tirelessly to found and develop The King Center as a citadel for world peace, lobbied for fifteen years for the US national holiday in honor of her husband, championed for women's, workers' and gay rights and was a powerful international voice for nonviolence, freedom and human dignity. |
| african american womens history month: Brave. Black. First. Cheryl Willis Hudson, 2020-01-07 Published in collaboration with the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, discover over fifty remarkable African American women whose unique skills and contributions paved the way for the next generation of young people. Perfect for fans of Rad Women Worldwide, Women in Science, and Girls Think of Everything. Fearless. Bold. Game changers. Harriet Tubman guided the way. Rosa Parks sat for equality. Aretha Franklin sang from the soul. Serena Williams bested the competition. Michelle Obama transformed the White House. Black women everywhere have changed the world! Published in partnership with curators from the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, this illustrated biography compilation captures the iconic moments of fifty African American women whose heroism and bravery rewrote the American story for the better. A beautifully illustrated testament to the continuing excellence and legacy of Africane American women. -Kirkus Reviews |
| african american womens history month: Sisters in the Struggle Bettye Collier-Thomas, V.P. Franklin, 2001-08 Tells the stories and documents the contributions of African American women involved in the struggle for racial and gender equality through the civil rights and black power movements in the United States. |
| african american womens history month: This Is Your Time Ruby Bridges, 2020-11-10 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • CBC KIDS’ BOOK CHOICE AWARD WINNER Civil rights icon Ruby Bridges—who, at the age of six, was the first black child to integrate into an all-white elementary school in New Orleans—inspires readers and calls for action in this moving letter. Her elegant, memorable gift book is especially uplifting in the wake of Kamala Harris making US history as the first female, first Black, and first South Asian vice president–elect. Written as a letter from civil rights activist and icon Ruby Bridges to the reader, This Is Your Time is both a recounting of Ruby’s experience as a child who had to be escorted to class by federal marshals when she was chosen to be one of the first black students to integrate into New Orleans’ all-white public school system and an appeal to generations to come to effect change. This beautifully designed volume features photographs from the 1960s and from today, as well as stunning jacket art from The Problem We All Live With, the 1964 painting by Norman Rockwell depicting Ruby’s walk to school. Ruby’s honest and impassioned words, imbued with love and grace, serve as a moving reminder that “what can inspire tomorrow often lies in our past.” This Is Your Time will electrify people of all ages as the struggle for liberty and justice for all continues and the powerful legacy of Ruby Bridges endures. |
| african american womens history month: A House Built by Slaves Jonathan W. White, 2022-02-12 Readers of American history and books on Abraham Lincoln will appreciate what Los Angeles Review of Books deems an accessible book that puts a human face — many human faces — on the story of Lincoln’s attitudes toward and engagement with African Americans and Publishers Weekly calls a rich and comprehensive account. Widely praised and winner of the 2023 Gilder Lehrman Lincoln Prize, this book illuminates why Lincoln’s unprecedented welcoming of African American men and women to the White House transformed the trajectory of race relations in the United States. From his 1862 meetings with Black Christian ministers, Lincoln began inviting African Americans of every background into his home, from ex-slaves from the Deep South to champions of abolitionism such as Frederick Douglass and Sojourner Truth. More than a good-will gesture, the president conferred with his guests about the essential issues of citizenship and voting rights. Drawing from an array of primary sources, White reveals how African Americans used the White House as a national stage to amplify their calls for equality. Even more than 160 years after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln’s inclusion of African Americans remains a necessary example in a country still struggling from racial divisions today. |
| african american womens history month: American Women's History Susan Ware, 2015 What does American history look like with women at the center of the story? From Pocahantas to military women serving in the Iraqi war, this Very Short Introduction chronicles the contributions that women have made to the American experience from a multicultural perspective that emphasizes how gender shapes women's--and men's--lives. |
| african american womens history month: A Colored Woman In A White World Mary Church Terrell, 2020-11-16 Though today she is little known, Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954) was one of the most remarkable women of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Active in both the civil rights movement and the campaign for women's suffrage, Terrell was a leading spokesperson for the National American Woman Suffrage Association, the first president of the National Association of Colored Women, and the first black woman appointed to the District of Columbia Board of Education and the American Association of University Women. She was also a charter member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. In this autobiography, originally published in 1940, Terrell describes the important events and people in her life.Terrell began her career as a teacher, first at Wilberforce College and then at a high school in Washington, D.C., where she met her future husband, Robert Heberton Terrell. After marriage, the women's suffrage movement attracted her interests and before long she became a prominent lecturer at both national and international forums on women's rights. A gifted speaker, she went on to pursue a career on the lecture circuit for close to thirty years, delivering addresses on the critical social issues of the day, including segregation, lynching, women's rights, the progress of black women, and various aspects of black history and culture. Her talents and many leadership positions brought her into close contact with influential black and white leaders, including Frederick Douglass, Booker T. Washington, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Robert Ingersoll, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Jane Addams, and others.With a new introduction by Debra Newman Ham, professor of history at Morgan State University, this new edition of Mary Church Terrell's autobiography will be of interest to students and scholars of both women's studies and African American history. |
| african american womens history month: Woman in the Nineteenth Century Margaret Fuller, 1845 |
| african american womens history month: The Mis-education of the Negro Carter Godwin Woodson, 1969 |
| african american womens history month: The Promise of Patriarchy Ula Yvette Taylor, 2017-09-05 The patriarchal structure of the Nation of Islam (NOI) promised black women the prospect of finding a provider and a protector among the organization's men, who were fiercely committed to these masculine roles. Black women's experience in the NOI, however, has largely remained on the periphery of scholarship. Here, Ula Taylor documents their struggle to escape the devaluation of black womanhood while also clinging to the empowering promises of patriarchy. Taylor shows how, despite being relegated to a lifestyle that did not encourage working outside of the home, NOI women found freedom in being able to bypass the degrading experiences connected to labor performed largely by working-class black women and in raising and educating their children in racially affirming environments. Telling the stories of women like Clara Poole (wife of Elijah Muhammad) and Burnsteen Sharrieff (secretary to W. D. Fard, founder of the Allah Temple of Islam), Taylor offers a compelling narrative that explains how their decision to join a homegrown, male-controlled Islamic movement was a complicated act of self-preservation and self-love in Jim Crow America. |
| african american womens history month: Princess of the Hither Isles Adele Logan Alexander, 2019-09-24 A compelling reconstruction of the life of a black suffragist, Adella Hunt Logan, blending family lore, historical research, and literary imagination Both a definitive rendering of a life and a remarkable study of the interplay of race and gender in an America whose shadows still haunt us today.”—Henry Louis Gates, Jr. “If you combine the pleasures of a seductive novel, discovering a real American heroine, and learning the multiracial history of this country that wasn't in our textbooks, you will have an idea of the great gift that Adele Logan Alexander has given us.”—Gloria Steinem Born during the Civil War into a slaveholding family that included black, white, and Cherokee forebears, Adella Hunt Logan dedicated herself to advancing political and educational opportunities for the African American community. She taught at Alabama’s Tuskegee Institute but also joined the segregated woman suffrage movement, passing for white in order to fight for the rights of people of color. Her determination—as a wife, mother, scholar, and activist —to challenge the draconian restraints of race and gender generated conflicts that precipitated her tragic demise. Historian Adele Logan Alexander—Adella Hunt Logan’s granddaughter—portrays Adella, her family, and contemporaries such as Booker T. Washington, Susan B. Anthony, Frederick Douglass, George Washington Carver, Theodore Roosevelt, and W. E. B. Du Bois. Alexander bridges the chasms that frustrate efforts to document the lives of those who traditionally have been silenced, weaving together family lore, historical research, and literary imagination into a riveting, multigenerational family saga. |
| african american womens history month: Female Genius Mary Sarah Bilder, 2022 A biography of Eliza Harriot Barons O'Connor, an educator whose 1787 Philadelphia public lecture attended by George Washington might have inspired the gender-neutral language of the Constitution. Explores women's public roles and political power following the American Revolution through the early nineteenth century, tracing the story of white and Black women's struggles for education and suffrage at a transformative moment-- |
| african american womens history month: To Turn the Whole World Over Keisha Blain, Tiffany Gill, 2019-03-16 Black women undertook an energetic and unprecedented engagement with internationalism from the late nineteenth century to the 1970s. In many cases, their work reflected a complex effort to merge internationalism with issues of women's rights and with feminist concerns. To Turn the Whole World Over examines these and other issues with a collection of cutting-edge essays on black women's internationalism in this pivotal era and beyond. Analyzing the contours of gender within black internationalism, scholars examine the range and complexity of black women's global engagements. At the same time, they focus on these women's remarkable experiences in shaping internationalist movements and dialogues. The essays explore the travels and migrations of black women; the internationalist writings of women from Paris to Chicago to Spain; black women advocating for internationalism through art and performance; and the involvement of black women in politics, activism, and global freedom struggles. Contributors: Nicole Anae, Keisha N. Blain, Brandon R. Byrd, Stephanie Beck Cohen, Anne Donlon, Tiffany N. Florvil, Kim Gallon, Dayo F. Gore, Annette K. Joseph-Gabriel, Grace V. Leslie, Michael O. West, and Julia Erin Wood |
| african american womens history month: Birthing Justice Julia Chinyere Oparah, Alicia D. Bonaparte, 2015-12-22 There is a global crisis in maternal health care for black women. In the United States, black women are over three times more likely to perish from pregnancy-related complications than white women; their babies are half as likely to survive the first year. Many black women experience policing, coercion, and disempowerment during pregnancy and childbirth and are disconnected from alternative birthing traditions. This book places black women's voices at the center of the debate on what should be done to fix the broken maternity system and foregrounds black women's agency in the emerging birth justice movement. Mixing scholarly, activist, and personal perspectives, the book shows readers how they too can change lives, one birth at a time. |
| african american womens history month: Ain't I A Woman? Sojourner Truth, 2020-09-24 'I am a woman's rights. I have plowed and reaped and husked and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more than that? I am as strong as any man that is now' A former slave and one of the most powerful orators of her time, Sojourner Truth fought for the equal rights of Black women throughout her life. This selection of her impassioned speeches is accompanied by the words of other inspiring African-American female campaigners from the nineteenth century. One of twenty new books in the bestselling Penguin Great Ideas series. This new selection showcases a diverse list of thinkers who have helped shape our world today, from anarchists to stoics, feminists to prophets, satirists to Zen Buddhists. |
| african american womens history month: Banking on Freedom Shennette Garrett-Scott, 2019-05-07 Between 1888 and 1930, African Americans opened more than a hundred banks and thousands of other financial institutions. In Banking on Freedom, Shennette Garrett-Scott explores this rich period of black financial innovation and its transformative impact on U.S. capitalism through the story of the St. Luke Bank in Richmond, Virginia: the first and only bank run by black women. Banking on Freedom offers an unparalleled account of how black women carved out economic, social, and political power in contexts shaped by sexism, white supremacy, and capitalist exploitation. Garrett-Scott chronicles both the bank’s success and the challenges this success wrought, including extralegal violence and aggressive oversight from state actors who saw black economic autonomy as a threat to both democratic capitalism and the social order. The teller cage and boardroom became sites of activism and resistance as the leadership of president Maggie Lena Walker and other women board members kept the bank grounded in meeting the needs of working-class black women. The first book to center black women’s engagement with the elite sectors of banking, finance, and insurance, Banking on Freedom reveals the ways gender, race, and class shaped the meanings of wealth and risk in U.S. capitalism and society. |
| african american womens history month: Archives of Dispossession Karen R. Roybal, 2017-08-08 One method of American territory expansion in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands was the denial of property rights to Mexican landowners, which led to dispossession. Many historical accounts overlook this colonial impact on Indigenous and Mexican peoples, and existing studies that do tackle this subject tend to privilege the male experience. Here, Karen R. Roybal recenters the focus of dispossession on women, arguing that gender, sometimes more than race, dictated legal concepts of property ownership and individual autonomy. Drawing on a diverse source base—legal land records, personal letters, and literature—Roybal locates voices of Mexican American women in the Southwest to show how they fought against the erasure of their rights, both as women and as landowners. Woven throughout Roybal's analysis are these women's testimonios—their stories focusing on inheritance, property rights, and shifts in power. Roybal positions these testimonios as an alternate archive that illustrates the myriad ways in which multiple layers of dispossession—and the changes of property ownership in Mexican law—affected the formation of Mexicana identity. |
| african american womens history month: Ruby Bridges Goes to School: My True Story Ruby Bridges, 2016-05-31 The extraordinary true story of Ruby Bridges, the first Black child to integrate a New Orleans school -- now with simple text for young readers! In 1960, six-year-old Ruby Bridges walked through an angry crowd and into a school, changing history. This is the true story of an extraordinary little girl who became the first Black person to attend an all-white elementary school in New Orleans. With simple text and historical photographs, this easy reader explores an amazing moment in history and celebrates the courage of a young girl who stayed strong in the face of racism. |
| african american womens history month: Telling Histories Deborah Gray White, 2009-09-17 The field of black women's history gained recognition as a legitimate field of study late in the twentieth century. Collecting stories that are both deeply personal and powerfully political, Telling Histories compiles seventeen personal narratives by leading black women historians at various stages in their careers, illuminating how they entered and navigated higher education, a world concerned with - and dominated by - whites and men. In distinct voices and from different vantage points, the personal histories revealed here also tell the story of the struggle to establish the fields of African American and African American women's history. |
| african american womens history month: Living the California Dream Alison Rose Jefferson, 2022 2020 Miriam Matthews Ethnic History Award from the Los Angeles City Historical Society Alison Rose Jefferson examines how African Americans pioneered America’s “frontier of leisure” by creating communities and business projects in conjunction with their growing population in Southern California during the nation’s Jim Crow era. |
| african american womens history month: To ÕJoy My Freedom Tera W. Hunter, 1998-09-15 As the Civil War drew to a close, newly emancipated black women workers made their way to Atlanta--the economic hub of the newly emerging urban and industrial south--in order to build an independent and free life on the rubble of their enslaved past. In an original and dramatic work of scholarship, Tera Hunter traces their lives in the postbellum era and reveals the centrality of their labors to the African-American struggle for freedom and justice. Household laborers and washerwomen were constrained by their employers' domestic worlds but constructed their own world of work, play, negotiation, resistance, and community organization. Hunter follows African-American working women from their newfound optimism and hope at the end of the Civil War to their struggles as free domestic laborers in the homes of their former masters. We witness their drive as they build neighborhoods and networks and their energy as they enjoy leisure hours in dance halls and clubs. We learn of their militance and the way they resisted efforts to keep them economically depressed and medically victimized. Finally, we understand the despair and defeat provoked by Jim Crow laws and segregation and how they spurred large numbers of black laboring women to migrate north. Hunter weaves a rich and diverse tapestry of the culture and experience of black women workers in the post-Civil War south. Through anecdote and data, analysis and interpretation, she manages to penetrate African-American life and labor and to reveal the centrality of women at the inception--and at the heart--of the new south. |
| african american womens history month: History of Woman Suffrage: 1883-1900 Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan Brownell Anthony, Matilda Joslyn Gage, Ida Husted Harper, 1902 |
| african american womens history month: Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830 Carter Godwin Woodson, 1924 This book has been considered by academicians and scholars of great significance and value to literature. This forms a part of the knowledge base for future generations. So that the book is never forgotten we have represented this book in a print format as the same form as it was originally first published. Hence any marks or annotations seen are left intentionally to preserve its true nature. |
| african american womens history month: Civil Rights Queen Tomiko Brown-Nagin, 2022-01-25 A TIME BEST BOOK OF THE YEAR • The first major biography of one of our most influential judges—an activist lawyer who became the first Black woman appointed to the federal judiciary—that provides an eye-opening account of the twin struggles for gender equality and civil rights in the 20th Century. • “Timely and essential.—The Washington Post “A must-read for anyone who dares to believe that equal justice under the law is possible and is in search of a model for how to make it a reality.” —Anita Hill With the US Supreme Court confirmation of Ketanji Brown Jackson, “it makes sense to revisit the life and work of another Black woman who profoundly shaped the law: Constance Baker Motley” (CNN). Born to an aspirational blue-collar family during the Great Depression, Constance Baker Motley was expected to find herself a good career as a hair dresser. Instead, she became the first black woman to argue a case in front of the Supreme Court, the first of ten she would eventually argue. The only black woman member in the legal team at the NAACP's Inc. Fund at the time, she defended Martin Luther King in Birmingham, helped to argue in Brown vs. The Board of Education, and played a critical role in vanquishing Jim Crow laws throughout the South. She was the first black woman elected to the state Senate in New York, the first woman elected Manhattan Borough President, and the first black woman appointed to the federal judiciary. Civil Rights Queen captures the story of a remarkable American life, a figure who remade law and inspired the imaginations of African Americans across the country. Burnished with an extraordinary wealth of research, award-winning, esteemed Civil Rights and legal historian and dean of the Harvard Radcliffe Institute, Tomiko Brown-Nagin brings Motley to life in these pages. Brown-Nagin compels us to ponder some of our most timeless and urgent questions--how do the historically marginalized access the corridors of power? What is the price of the ticket? How does access to power shape individuals committed to social justice? In Civil Rights Queen, she dramatically fills out the picture of some of the most profound judicial and societal change made in twentieth-century America. |
| african american womens history month: With Her Fist Raised Laura L. Lovett, 2021-01-19 The first biography of Dorothy Pitman Hughes, a trailblazing Black feminist activist whose work made children, race, and welfare rights central to the women’s movement. Dorothy Pitman Hughes was a transformative community organizer in New York City in the 1970s who shared the stage with Gloria Steinem for 5 years, captivating audiences around the country. After leaving rural Georgia in the 1950s, she moved to New York, determined to fight for civil rights and equality. Historian Laura L. Lovett traces Hughes’s journey as she became a powerhouse activist, responding to the needs of her community and building a platform for its empowerment. She created lasting change by revitalizing her West Side neighborhood, which was subjected to racial discrimination, with nonexistent childcare and substandard housing, where poverty, drug use, a lack of job training, and the effects of the Vietnam War were evident. Hughes created a high-quality childcare center that also offered job training, adult education classes, a Youth Action corps, housing assistance, and food resources. Hughes’s realization that her neighborhood could be revitalized by actively engaging and including the community was prescient and is startlingly relevant. As her stature grew to a national level, Hughes spent several years traversing the country with Steinem and educating people about feminism, childcare, and race. She moved to Harlem in the 1970s to counter gentrification and bought the franchise to the Miss Greater New York City pageant to demonstrate that Black was beautiful. She also opened an office supply store and became a powerful voice for Black women entrepreneurs and Black-owned businesses. Throughout every phase of her life, Hughes understood the transformative power of activism for Black communities. With expert research, which includes Hughes’s own accounts of her life, With Her Fist Raised is the necessary biography of a pivotal figure in women’s history and Black feminism whose story will finally be told. |
| african american womens history month: African American Women Confront the West, 1600-2000 Quintard Taylor, Shirley Ann Wilson Moore, 2008-08-01 Reconstructs the history of black women’s participation in western settlement “A stellar collection of essays by talented authors who explore fascinating topics.”—Journal of American Ethnic History African American Women Confront the West, 1600–2000 is the first major historical anthology on the topic. The editors argue that African American women in the West played active, though sometimes unacknowledged, roles in shaping the political, ideological, and social currents that have influenced the United States over the past three centuries. Contributors to this volume explore African American women’s life experiences in the West, their influences on the experiences of the region’s diverse peoples, and their legacy in rural and urban communities from Montana to Texas and from California to Kansas. The essayists explore what it has meant to be an African American woman, from the era of Spanish colonial rule in eighteenth-century New Mexico to the black power era of the 1960s and 1970s. |
| african american womens history month: Unbought and Unbossed Shirley Chisholm, 2022-11-08 A tremendously impressive book.--Washington Post Her motto and title of her autobiography--Unbossed and Unbought--illustrates her outspoken advocacy for women and minorities during her seven terms in the U.S. House of Representatives.--National Women's History Museum In this classic work--a blend of memoir social criticism, and political analysis that remains relevant today--the first Black Congresswoman to serve in American history, New York's dynamic representative Shirley Chisholm, traces her extensive political struggle and examines the problems that have long plagued the American system of government. I want to be remembered as a woman . . . who dared to be a catalyst of change.Political pioneer Shirley Chisholm--activist, member of the House of Representatives and former presidential candidate--was a woman who consistently broke barriers and inspired generations of American women, and especially women of color. Unbossed and Unbought is her story, told in her own words--a thoughtful and informed look at her rise from the streets of Brooklyn to the halls of Congress. Chisholm speaks out on her life in politics while illuminating the events, personalities, and issues of her time, including the schism in the Democratic party in the 1960s and '70s--all which speak to us today. In this frank assessment, Fighting Shirley recalls how she took on an entrenched system, gave a public voice to millions, and embarked on a trailblazing bid to be the first woman and first African American President of the United States. By daring to be herself, Shirley Chisholm shows how one person forever changed the status quo. |
| african american womens history month: Toni Morrison: An Ethical Poetics Yvette Christianse, 2013 Toni Morrison: An Ethical Poetics situates Toni Morrison as a writer who writes about writing as much as about racialized, engendered, and sexualized African American, and therefore American, experience. In foregrounding the ethics of fiction writing, the book resists any triumphalist reading of Morrison's achievement in order to allow the meditative, unsettled, and unsettling questions that arise throughout her long labor at the nexus of language and politics, where her fiction interrogates representation itself.Moving between close reading and critical theory, Toni Morrison: An Ethical Poetics reveals the ways in which Morrison's primary engagement with language has been a search for how and what language is made to communicate, and for how and what speaks in and from generation to generation. There is no easy escape fromsuch legacy, no escape into a pure language free of the burdens of racialized agendas. Rather, there is the example of Morrison's commitment to writerly, which is to say readerly, wakefulness.At a time when sustained study devoted to single authors has become rare, this book will be an invaluable resource for readers, scholars, and teachers of Morrison's work. |
| african american womens history month: The ABCs of Black History Rio Cortez, 2020-12-08 A NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER B is for Beautiful, Brave, and Bright! And for a Book that takes a Bold journey through the alphabet of Black history and culture. Letter by letter, The ABCs of Black History celebrates a story that spans continents and centuries, triumph and heartbreak, creativity and joy. It’s a story of big ideas––P is for Power, S is for Science and Soul. Of significant moments––G is for Great Migration. Of iconic figures––H is for Zora Neale Hurston, X is for Malcom X. It’s an ABC book like no other, and a story of hope and love. In addition to rhyming text, the book includes back matter with information on the events, places, and people mentioned in the poem, from Mae Jemison to W. E. B. Du Bois, Fannie Lou Hamer to Sam Cooke, and the Little Rock Nine to DJ Kool Herc. |
| african american womens history month: Little Leaders: Bold Women in Black History Vashti Harrison, 2017-12-05 #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER Meet the little leaders. They're brave. They're bold. They changed the world. Featuring 40 trailblazing black women in history, this book educates and inspires as it relates true stories of women who broke boundaries and exceeded all expectations, including: Nurse Mary Seacole Politician Diane Abbott Mathematician Katherine Johnson Singer Shirley Bassey Bestselling author and artist Vashti Harrison pairs captivating text and beautiful illustrations as she tells the stories of both iconic and lesser-known female figures. Among these biographies, readers will find heroes, role models, and everyday women who did extraordinary things. |
| african american womens history month: Women Doctors in Weimar and Nazi Germany Melissa Kravetz, 2019-03-11 Examining how German women physicians gained a foothold in the medical profession during the Weimar and Nazi periods, Women Doctors in Weimar and Nazi Germany reveals the continuity in rhetoric, strategy, and tactics of female doctors who worked under both regimes. Melissa Kravetz explains how and why women occupied particular fields within the medical profession, how they presented themselves in their professional writing, and how they reconciled their medical perspectives with their views of the Weimar and later the Nazi state. Focusing primarily on those women who were members of the Bund Deutscher Ärztinnen (League of German Female Physicians or BDÄ), this study shows that female physicians used maternalist and, to a lesser extent, eugenic arguments to make a case for their presence in particular medical spaces. They emphasized gender difference to claim that they were better suited than male practitioners to care for women and children in a range of new medical spaces. During the Weimar Republic, they laid claim to marriage counselling centres, school health reform, and the movements against alcoholism, venereal disease, and prostitution. In the Nazi period, they emphasized their importance to the Bund Deutscher Mädels (League of German Girls), the Reichsmütterdienst (Reich Mothers' Service), and breast milk collection efforts. Women doctors also tried to instil middle-class values into their working-class patients while fashioning themselves as advocates for lower-class women. |
| african american womens history month: On Intersectionality Kimberle Crenshaw, 2019-09-03 A major publishing event, the collected writings of the groundbreaking scholar who first coined intersectionality as a political framework (Salon) For more than twenty years, scholars, activists, educators, and lawyers--inside and outside of the United States--have employed the concept of intersectionality both to describe problems of inequality and to fashion concrete solutions. In particular, as the Washington Post reported recently, the term has been used by social activists as both a rallying cry for more expansive progressive movements and a chastisement for their limitations. Drawing on black feminist and critical legal theory, Kimberlé Crenshaw developed the concept of intersectionality, a term she coined to speak to the multiple social forces, social identities, and ideological instruments through which power and disadvantage are expressed and legitimized. In this comprehensive and accessible introduction to Crenshaw's work, readers will find key essays and articles that have defined the concept of intersectionality, collected together for the first time. The book includes a sweeping new introduction by Crenshaw as well as prefaces that contextualize each of the chapters. For anyone interested in movement politics and advocacy, or in racial justice and gender equity, On Intersectionality will be compulsory reading from one of the most brilliant theorists of our time. |
| african american womens history month: In Motion Howard Dodson, Sylviane Anna Diouf, 2004 An illustrated chronicle of the migrations--forced and voluntary--into, out of, and within the United States that have created the current black population. |
| african american womens history month: Black Women in Science Kimberly Brown Pellum, 2022-05-24 Learn about amazing Black women in science--15 fascinating biographies for kids 9 to 12 Throughout history, Black women have blazed trails across the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Black Women in Science brings something special to black history books for kids, celebrating incredible Black women in STEM who have used their brains, bravery, and ambition to beat the odds. Black Women in Science stands out amongst other Black history books for kids―featuring 15 powerful stories of fearless female scientists that advanced their STEM fields and fought to build a legacy. Through the triumphs of these amazing women, you'll find remarkable role models. Black Women in Science goes where Black history books for kids have never gone before, including: Above and beyond―Soar over adversity with Mae Jemison, Annie Easley, and Bessie Coleman. Part of the solution―Discover the power of mathematics with Katherine Johnson and Gladys West. The doctor is in―Explore a life of healing with Mamie Phipps Clark, Jane Cooke Wright, and many more. Find the inspiration to blaze your own trail in Black Women in Science―maybe your adventure will be the next chapter in Black history books for kids. |
| african american womens history month: The History of Black Catholics in the United States Cyprian Davis, 2016 |
| african american womens history month: Da Mayor of Fifth Ward Robert Bob E. Lee, Michael Berryhill, 2021-11-19 In March 2017, Bob Lee--freelance writer, community organizer, social worker, social justice warrior, child of Houston's Fifth Ward and its advocate, former Chicago Black Panther--died at the age of 74. Alongside his larger legacy, he left behind this collection of fourteen stories published in the Houston Chronicle's Sunday Texas Magazine between 1989 and 2000. Framed by journalist and scholar Michael Berryhill, these youthful recollections and tales of his East Texas relatives reveal Lee's shock at learning that his elderly aunt and uncle, who lived in Jasper, Texas, were lifelong Republicans; recount his discovery at the age of 19 that white people, too, could be poor; recall integrating a small-town restaurant with the help of the white rancher who hired him; explore the world of Black longshoremen and offer meditations on the mysteries of death. As he lay suffering from cancer, Lee told Berryhill that he wasn't thinking about dying, but focusing on love. Berryhill, who was Lee's first editor at the Houston Chronicle, has lovingly collected and edited Lee's stories, which are complemented by an introduction and biographical essay. Treasured storyteller Bob Lee's essays offer to readers the experience of Black history in both urban and rural settings by invoking the simple details and events of everyday life. |
| african american womens history month: Timelines of American Women's History Sue Heinemann, 1996 Spanning five hundred years of American history, this definitive reference provides an incisive look at the contributions that women have made to the social, cultural, political, economic, and scientific development of the United States. Original. |
Africa - Wikipedia
African nations cooperate through the establishment of the African Union, which is headquartered in Addis Ababa. Africa is highly biodiverse; [17] it is the continent with the largest number of megafauna species, as it …
Africa | History, People, Countries, Regions, Map, & Facts | Britannica
5 days ago · African regions are treated under the titles Central Africa, eastern Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, and western Africa; these articles also contain the principal treatment of African historical and cultural …
Map of Africa | List of African Countries Alphabetically - World M…
Africa is the second largest and most populous continent in the world after Asia. The area of Africa without islands is 11.3 million square miles (29.2 million sq km), with islands - about 11.7 million square miles (30.3 million sq …
The 54 Countries in Africa in Alphabetical Order
May 14, 2025 · Here is the alphabetical list of the African country names with their capitals. We have also included the countries’ regions, the international standard for country codes (ISO 3166) and continents, as they may …
Africa - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
African independence movements had their first success in 1951, when Libya became the first former colony to become independent. Modern African history is full of revolutions and wars , as well as the growth of modern …
Associate Resource Groups
African American Business Resource Group Mission: to be a strategic partner to promote a culture of inclusion ... November is Native American History Month. SERVES Associate …
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BLACK HISTORY MONTH. James Baldwin was an author, activist, ... is the first openly lesbian African American to serve on a state legislature. During her three sessions in the House, she …
Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham - Harvard University
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unrecorded in their contributions, women such as Mary Jackson the first NASA’s African-American female engineer or Dr. Dorothy Celeste Boulding Ferebee who tirelessly worked to …
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Art For Black History Month art for black history month: Beautiful Blackbird Ashley Bryan, 2011-04-19 Coretta Scott ... One of the first professional African-American players, he inspired …
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Women in Labor History Timeline 2008 - American …
Alice Paul and Lucy Burns established the National Women’s Party to work for women’s suffrage. They believed that winning the right to vote marked only the beginning of women’s struggle for …
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National Women’s Hall of Fame Inductee, 1998 ... one of the first two African-American women to receive a doctorate in physics in the U.S. ... Recognizing Innovators During Black History …
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History month. The African-American peopleare a of integrity, industry power. EYE 0 . Photos by Jorge Morales lamanite week: fiesta BY GONZO VARGAS . LET THE FIESTA BEGIN ...
Calendar of Observances 2025 - ADL
BLACK HISTORY MONTH Celebrates Black History and African American culture in the United States. USA Tuesday 2/4/25 SHROVE TUESDAY Western Christian A day of penitence as …
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D.C (1980); a Master of Arts Degree in United States History with a specialization in African American History at Atlanta University (1984). She attended Emory University, Atlanta, GA as …
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The Department of Graduate Public Health begins its celebration of “Women’s History Month” by spotlighting Mary McLeod Bethune. ... Bethune became the highest ranking African American …
A Litany of Boldness - Women of the ELCA
Celebrating bold Women’s Day a resource from Women of the elCa A Litany of Boldness l: lO Creative God, you made us in your image. C: opportunity to act boldly on our faith in Jesus …
August 2024 - HCPSS
National Women’s History Month Irish American History Month 1 Ramadan (30 Days) – Muslim* 5 Ash Wednesday/Lent begins – Christian 9 Daylight Saving Time begins 15 Holi – Hindu* 15 …
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History of Women in Insurance 120 years and counting…
Insurance Company – the largest African American life insurance company in the nation. 2020 Women dominate insurance occupations such as claims processing, adjusters, and sales …
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WOMEN’S HISTORY MONTH Answer Key 1. American politician and vice president to Joe Biden. She is the first woman to be elected as a vice president. Kamala Harris 2. The youngest …
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30 WHEREAS, Charlotte Thomas was the first African American to be employed 31 in the office of the Mayor of the City of North Little Rock as part of the ... 22 during Women's History …
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2 Celebrating African American Inventors & Innovators We’d like to introduce you to some people who truly made history T he Orange County Regional History Center is proud to present these …
Lynette D. Myles, PhD - Arizona State University
Myles, Lynette D. Female Subjectivity in African American Women’s Narratives of Enslavement: Beyond Borders. 1st. ed. New York, Palgrave MacMillan. 2009. x-195. ... Black History Month …
Calendar of Observances 2024 - ADL
BLACK HISTORY MONTH Celebrates Black History and African American culture in the United States. Saturday 2/10/24 LUNAR NEW YEAR * Confucian, Daoist and Buddhist Also known …
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Title: African-American Women's History and the Metalanguage of Race Created Date: 20170304224854Z
March: Celebrating Women’s History Month! - Cloudinary
Edmonds School District Women’s History Month Activity Booklet 1 ... Scott (b. 1984) became the first African-American model to ever land an exclusive contract with Calvin Klein. Lyndsey now …
A Woman’s Place Is in Her Union: The UAW’s 1944 National …
literature—women’s history, labor history, African American history, and civil rights history. It not only challenges many assumptions that appear in these historiographies but also helps tie …
Access Free Major Problems In American History By …
an exclusive essay by Kate Haulman examines the evolution of the field of women's history and the state of women's history today. New!Chapter 2 now focuses on Native American women, …
August 2024 - HCPSS
National Women’s History Month Irish American History Month 1 Ramadan (30 Days) – Muslim* 5 Ash Wednesday/Lent begins – Christian 9 Daylight Saving Time begins 15 Holi – Hindu* 15 …
August 2024 - HCPSS
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AMERICAN WOMEN'S HISTORY
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Mellon Postdoctoral Fellowship, Public History – Cornell …
energy history, African American women’s history, or LGBTQ+ history in the Americas. The postdoc will teach a lower-level and an upper-level course each year that engage with public …
Difference, Power, and Lived Experiences: Revisiting …
ways it draws on examples from African American women’s history to make visible “the construction and ‘technologies’ of race as well as those of gen-der and sexuality” while also …
UW Tacoma Digital Commons - University of Washington
Women's Health Commons, and the Women's History Commons Recommended Citation Arnold, Jaylynn, "Black Maternal Mortality: A Result of the Haunting past" (2023). ... born each month …
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The Politics of Black Womens' Hair
the literature to homogenize all black women’s experiences and disregard their ethnic diversity. In this study, we explored both African and African American college women’s feelings about the …
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African American women activists have been undervalued or overshadowed in history. 3. Tell the students that, as a class, they are going to take a closer look at important African ... Women’s …
“The Famous Lady Lovers:” - University of Michigan
African American Women and Same-Sex Desire from Reconstruction to World War II by Christina Anne Woolner A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree …
THE AFRICAN AMERICAN EXPERIENCE: A HISTORY OF …
Feb 19, 1990 · A BLACK WOMAN SPEAKS ON WOMEN'S RIGHTS, 1827 135 BLACK MEN ASSESS WOMEN'S RIGHTS 136 AFRO-SPANIARDS IN THE FAR SOUTHWEST 138 FREE …
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Black Women's Voices Kerry A. Rockquemore, Sociology University of Notre Dame Abstract: Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham proposed in her seminal essay "African-American Women's …
2022 MEDIA KIT - Rolling Stone
Black/African-American 1,029 18% 135 Asian 223 4% 95 Spanish/Hispanic Origin 1,671 29% 174 Employed 2,778 48% 105 AUDIENCE (000) % COMP INDEX ... Rolling Stone celebrates …
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In celebration of Women’s History Month, EBSCO librarian Kendal Spires has compiled a list of relevant reading ... African American fashion designer, who dressed millionaires and movie …
Asian American and - National Women's History Museum
Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month Resource Toolkit 2022 Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu Mabel Ping-Hua Lee. May 16–20 May 16 #KnowHerName and #KnowHerStory! Learn about …
UC Davis Health
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Women’s History Month began as a weeklong celebration of women’s contributions to culture, history and society organized by the Education Task Force of the Sonoma County …
The Black Diaspora Quilt History Project: A Resource for …
appreciate its significance in the history of African Americans, and, in particular, African American women’s cultural history” (Hine 1998, 13). ... Each block is different and signifies something of …
2025 Women's History Toolkit - National Women's History …
Planning a Women’s History Month Outside the Classroom. Volunteers or educators can sponsor a Women’s History Month event in. ... American athlete who excelled in track and field, …
Antiblack Racism and the Metalanguage of Sexuality - JSTOR
ical discussion in African-American women’s history begs for greater voice” (Higginbotham 1992, 251), Higginbotham demanded that black women historians move beyond the disciplinary …
