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# AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics: A Deep Dive into its Historical Context and Current Relevance
Keywords: AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics, Audit Data Analytics, Data Analytics in Auditing, AICPA, Auditing Standards, Data Analytics Techniques, Auditing Technology
Introduction
The AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics has become an indispensable resource for auditors navigating the increasingly data-rich landscape of modern business. This analysis delves into the guide's historical context, examines its current relevance, and assesses its impact on the auditing profession. We will explore its authorship, publication details, and the key insights it provides to auditors seeking to leverage the power of data analytics.
Historical Context: The Rise of Data Analytics in Auditing
Prior to the widespread adoption of data analytics in auditing, the process relied heavily on manual testing and sampling techniques. These methods were time-consuming, labor-intensive, and often limited in scope. The emergence of sophisticated computing power and the explosion of data generated by businesses created a demand for more efficient and effective audit methodologies. The AICPA, recognizing this shift, played a crucial role in developing resources to guide auditors in adapting to this new environment. The release of the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics marked a significant step in this evolution, providing a structured framework and practical guidance for auditors to integrate data analytics into their processes. This represented a departure from traditional audit approaches and signaled a move towards a more data-driven and analytical approach to auditing. The historical context highlights the guide's timely response to a pressing need within the auditing profession.
Author and Qualifications
While the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics doesn't have a single author in the traditional sense, it is a collaborative effort by numerous professionals within the AICPA, including subject matter experts in auditing, data analytics, and technology. These individuals possess extensive experience in auditing practice, academic research, and the development of auditing standards. Their combined expertise ensures the guide’s authority and practical relevance. The specific contributors often change with each edition, reflecting the ongoing evolution of data analytics techniques and auditing standards. Their qualifications invariably include Certified Public Accountant (CPA) designations, advanced degrees in accounting or related fields, and extensive practical experience in applying data analytics in audit engagements. The lack of a single named author does not diminish the credibility of the guide; instead, it highlights the collaborative nature of its creation and its grounding in the collective wisdom of the AICPA’s professional network.
Content and Key Findings of the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics
The AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics provides a comprehensive overview of how auditors can effectively use data analytics to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their audits. Key findings and elements covered in the guide typically include:
Defining Audit Data Analytics: The guide clearly defines what constitutes audit data analytics and differentiates it from other forms of data analysis. It establishes a foundational understanding of the terminology and concepts involved.
Data Analytics Techniques: It covers a wide range of data analytics techniques relevant to auditing, including descriptive analytics, diagnostic analytics, predictive analytics, and prescriptive analytics. Each technique is explained with practical examples of how it can be applied in different audit contexts.
Planning and Risk Assessment: The guide emphasizes the importance of planning and risk assessment in the context of data analytics. It guides auditors on how to identify opportunities to use data analytics to enhance their audit strategy and address key risks.
Data Sources and Preparation: A crucial aspect is the discussion of the various data sources auditors might encounter (e.g., general ledgers, ERP systems, CRM data) and the procedures involved in data preparation, cleansing, and validation before analysis.
Tools and Technologies: The guide discusses the various software tools and technologies available for performing data analytics in auditing, ranging from general-purpose spreadsheet software to specialized audit data analytics platforms.
Documentation and Communication: It stresses the importance of thoroughly documenting the data analytics procedures performed, the results obtained, and the conclusions drawn. Effective communication of these findings to the audit team and client is also highlighted.
Ethical Considerations: The guide addresses the ethical considerations relevant to the use of data analytics in auditing, emphasizing the importance of data integrity, confidentiality, and objectivity.
Addressing Audit Risks: The guide provides guidance on how to use data analytics to identify and address various audit risks, including fraud risk, financial statement misstatements, and compliance violations.
Case Studies and Examples: The AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics typically includes case studies and real-world examples illustrating the practical application of data analytics in different audit scenarios.
Publisher and Authority
The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) is the publisher of the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics. The AICPA is a highly respected professional organization for CPAs in the United States, setting professional standards, offering education and resources, and advocating for the profession. Their authority on topics related to auditing is unparalleled, making the guide a trusted and authoritative source of information for auditors worldwide. The AICPA's involvement guarantees the guide aligns with current auditing standards and best practices, ensuring its continued relevance and adoption by the profession.
Editor and Credibility
The AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics has a team of editors, not a single editor. These editors are typically highly experienced CPAs and data analytics professionals with significant expertise in auditing and technology. Their qualifications usually include advanced degrees in accounting or related fields, years of practical experience in both auditing and data analytics, and a deep understanding of current auditing standards and best practices. This editorial team’s expertise ensures the guide’s accuracy, clarity, and relevance to the practicing auditor. Their input ensures the content is both technically sound and practically applicable.
Summary of Findings and Conclusions
The AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics provides a crucial resource for auditors looking to integrate data analytics into their practice. It bridges the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application, offering clear guidance on various data analytics techniques, their application in auditing, and the ethical considerations involved. The guide’s focus on planning, risk assessment, data preparation, and documentation ensures a structured and reliable approach to leveraging data analytics in auditing. The guide's ongoing updates reflect the dynamic nature of data analytics and the constant need for auditors to adapt to technological advancements. In conclusion, the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics is a vital tool for auditors seeking to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and quality of their audits in the digital age.
Conclusion
The AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics stands as a testament to the AICPA's commitment to fostering professional excellence and adapting to the ever-evolving landscape of auditing. By providing comprehensive guidance on the practical application of data analytics, the guide empowers auditors to conduct more efficient, effective, and insightful audits. Its enduring relevance is a reflection of the growing importance of data analytics in the modern auditing profession. Continuous updates ensure the guide remains a valuable and current resource for years to come.
FAQs
1. What is the target audience of the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics? The primary audience includes CPAs, audit professionals, and anyone involved in the audit process who seeks to understand and implement data analytics in their work.
2. How often is the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics updated? The frequency of updates varies, but the AICPA regularly reviews and updates the guide to reflect changes in technology, auditing standards, and best practices.
3. Is the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics only relevant to large firms? No, the guide's principles and techniques are applicable to audit firms of all sizes, from small to large. The scale of application may vary, but the underlying concepts remain the same.
4. What software tools are discussed in the guide? The guide does not endorse specific software, but it discusses the types of tools and platforms commonly used in audit data analytics, such as spreadsheet software, specialized audit analytics software, and data visualization tools.
5. Does the guide cover ethical considerations? Yes, the guide explicitly addresses the ethical responsibilities of auditors when using data analytics, emphasizing data integrity, confidentiality, and objectivity.
6. How does the guide help with fraud detection? The guide provides techniques for using data analytics to identify anomalies and patterns indicative of potential fraud, enhancing the auditor's ability to detect and investigate fraudulent activities.
7. Is prior knowledge of data analytics required to understand the guide? While some familiarity with data analytics concepts is helpful, the guide is written to be accessible to auditors with varying levels of data analytics experience.
8. How does the guide support audit efficiency? By automating manual processes and allowing for the analysis of larger datasets, data analytics, as guided in the publication, significantly improves audit efficiency and reduces the time spent on manual procedures.
9. Where can I purchase the AICPA Guide to Audit Data Analytics? The guide is typically available for purchase through the AICPA’s online store or through authorized retailers of AICPA publications.
Related Articles
1. "Data Analytics in Auditing: A Practical Guide": This article provides a step-by-step approach to implementing data analytics in audits, focusing on practical applications and case studies.
2. "The Impact of AI on Audit Data Analytics": This article explores the emerging role of artificial intelligence (AI) in audit data analytics, examining its potential benefits and challenges.
3. "Audit Data Analytics and Risk Management": This article focuses on how data analytics can be used to improve risk assessment and management in the audit process.
4. "Ethical Considerations in Using Data Analytics in Auditing": This article delves into the ethical implications of using data analytics in auditing, addressing issues such as data security, privacy, and objectivity.
5. "Data Visualization in Audit Data Analytics": This article discusses the importance of data visualization in effectively communicating audit findings derived from data analytics.
6. "Comparing Different Data Analytics Tools for Auditing": This article compares and contrasts various data analytics tools used in the auditing profession, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
7. "The Future of Audit Data Analytics": This article explores the future trends and developments in audit data analytics, including the impact of emerging technologies.
8. "Case Studies: Successful Implementations of Audit Data Analytics": This article presents several case studies illustrating successful implementations of data analytics in real-world audit engagements.
9. "Overcoming Challenges in Implementing Audit Data Analytics": This article addresses the common challenges encountered when implementing data analytics in auditing and offers strategies for overcoming them.
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Guide to Audit Data Analytics AICPA, 2018-08-24 Designed to facilitate the use of audit data analytics (ADAs) in the financial statement audit, this title was developed by leading experts across the profession and academia. The guide defines audit data analytics as “the science and art of discovering and analyzing patterns, identifying anomalies, and extracting other useful information in data underlying or related to the subject matter of an audit through analysis, modeling, and visualization for planning or performing the audit.” Simply put, ADAs can be used to perform a variety of procedures to gather audit evidence. Each chapter focuses on an audit area and includes step-by-step guidance illustrating how ADAs can be used throughout the financial statement audit. Suggested considerations for assessing the reliability of data are also included in a separate appendix. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Guide to Audit Data Analytics and Audit Guide AICPA, 2018-01-09 This is a two-volume set. Guide to Data Analytics: Designed to facilitate the use of audit data analytics (ADAs) in the financial statement audit, this title was developed by leading experts across the profession and academia. The guide defines audit data analytics as the science and art of discovering and analyzing patterns, identifying anomalies, and extracting other useful information in data underlying or related to the subject matter of an audit through analysis, modeling, and visualization for planning or performing the audit. Simply put, ADAs can be used to perform a variety of procedures to gather audit evidence. Each chapter focuses on an audit area and includes step-by-step guidance illustrating how ADAs can be used throughout the financial statement audit. Suggested considerations for assessing the reliability of data are also included in a separate appendix. Analytical Procedures 2017: Updated as of October 1, 2017, This book includes relevant guidance contained in applicable standards and other technical sources. The guide summarizes applicable requirements and practices and delivers how-to advice for handling analytical procedures used in audits. The included case study illustrates the use of analytical procedures in planning and substantive testing, utilizing trend analysis, ratio analysis, reasonableness testing, and regression analysis. The remaining appendixes include examples of financial ratios and a comparison of the key provisions of the risk assessment standards. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Guide to Audit Data Analytics AICPA, 2018-02-21 Designed to facilitate the use of audit data analytics (ADAs) in the financial statement audit, this title was developed by leading experts across the profession and academia. The guide defines audit data analytics as “the science and art of discovering and analyzing patterns, identifying anomalies, and extracting other useful information in data underlying or related to the subject matter of an audit through analysis, modeling, and visualization for planning or performing the audit.” Simply put, ADAs can be used to perform a variety of procedures to gather audit evidence. Each chapter focuses on an audit area and includes step-by-step guidance illustrating how ADAs can be used throughout the financial statement audit. Suggested considerations for assessing the reliability of data are also included in a separate appendix. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Auditing Raymond N. Johnson, Laura Davis Wiley, Robyn Moroney, Fiona Campbell, Jane Hamilton, 2019-05-20 The explosion of data analytics in the auditing profession demands a different kind of auditor. Auditing: A Practical Approach with Data Analytics prepares students for the rapidly changing demands of the auditing profession by meeting the data-driven requirements of today's workforce. Because no two audits are alike, this course uses a practical, case-based approach to help students develop professional judgement, think critically about the auditing process, and develop the decision-making skills necessary to perform a real-world audit. To further prepare students for the profession, this course integrates seamless exam review for successful completion of the CPA Exam. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Accounting and Valuation Guide: Assets Acquired to Be Used in Research and Development Activities AICPA, 2016-11-07 This new guide provides guidance and illustrations regarding the initial and subsequent accounting for, valuation of, and disclosures related to acquired intangible assets used in research and development activities (IPR&D assets). This is a valuable resource for preparers of financial statements, auditors, accountants and valuation specialists seeking an advanced understanding of the accounting, valuation, and disclosures related to acquired IPR&D assets. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Continuous Auditing David Y. Chan, Victoria Chiu, Miklos A. Vasarhelyi, 2018-03-21 Continuous Auditing provides academics and practitioners with a compilation of select continuous auditing design science research, and it provides readers with an understanding of the underlying theoretical concepts of a continuous audit, ideas on how continuous audit can be applied in practice, and what has and has not worked in research. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Accounting and Valuation Guide AICPA, 2019-09-16 Developed for preparers of financial statements, independent auditors, and valuation specialists, this guide provides nonauthoritative guidance and illustrations regarding the accounting for and valuation of portfolio company investments held by investment companies within the scope of FASB ASC 946, Financial Services —Investment Companies, (including private equity funds, venture capital funds, hedge funds, and business development companies). It features16 case studies that can be used to reason through real situations faced by investment fund managers, valuation specialists and auditors, this guide addresses many accounting and valuation issues that have emerged over time to assist investment companies in addressing the challenges in estimating fair value of these investments, such as: Unit of account Transaction costs Calibration The impact of control and marketability Backtesting |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Guide AICPA, 2018-03-26 Updated as of January 1, 2018, this guide includes relevant guidance contained in applicable standards and other technical sources. It explains the relationship between a service organization and its user entities, provides examples of service organizations, describes the description criteria to be used to prepare the description of the service organization’s system, identifies the trust services criteria as the criteria to be used to evaluate the design and operating effectiveness of controls, explains the difference between a type 1 and type 2 SOC 2 report, and provides illustrative reports for CPAs engaged to examine and report on system and organization controls at a service organization. It also describes the matters to be considered and procedures to be performed by the service auditor in planning, performing, and reporting on SOC 2 and SOC 3 engagements. New to this edition are: Updated for SSAE No. 18 (clarified attestation standards), this guide has been fully conformed to reflect lessons learned in practice Contains insight from expert authors on the SOC 2 working group composed of CPAs who perform SOC 2 and SOC 3 engagements Includes illustrative report paragraphs describing the matter that gave rise to the report modification for a large variety of situations Includes a new appendix for performing and reporting on a SOC 2 examination in accordance with International Standards on Assurance Engagements (ISAEs) or in accordance with both the AICPA’s attestation standards and the ISAEs |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Government Auditing Standards - 2018 Revision United States Government Accountability Office, 2019-03-24 Audits provide essential accountability and transparency over government programs. Given the current challenges facing governments and their programs, the oversight provided through auditing is more critical than ever. Government auditing provides the objective analysis and information needed to make the decisions necessary to help create a better future. The professional standards presented in this 2018 revision of Government Auditing Standards (known as the Yellow Book) provide a framework for performing high-quality audit work with competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence to provide accountability and to help improve government operations and services. These standards, commonly referred to as generally accepted government auditing standards (GAGAS), provide the foundation for government auditors to lead by example in the areas of independence, transparency, accountability, and quality through the audit process. This revision contains major changes from, and supersedes, the 2011 revision. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit Guide AICPA, 2016-11-30 AICPA Audit Guides are developed and updated to provide guidance and tools for practitioners as they perform audit engagements. The AICPA Audit Guide Analytical Procedures, updated as of March 1, 2012, includes relevant guidance contained in applicable standards and other technical sources. The guide summarizes applicable requirements and practices, and delivers how-to advice for handling analytical procedures used in audits. The included case study illustrates the use of analytical procedures in planning and substantive testing, utilizing trend analysis, ratio analysis, reasonableness testing, and regression analysis. The appendices include a variety of examples of financial ratios and a comparison of the key provisions of the Risk Assessment Standards. This AICPA Audit Guide has been fully conformed to reflect the new standards resulting from the Clarity Project. Fully incorporating the clarified auditing standards into this year’s edition of the guide enables auditors to further their understanding of these recently issued auditing standards, as well as begin updating their audit methodologies, resources, and tools prior to the clarified auditing standards’ effective date. Additionally, this approach gives auditors the opportunity to review and understand the changes made by their third-party audit methodology and resource providers, if applicable. The clarified auditing standards are effective for audits of financial statements for periods ending on or after December 15, 2012 (calendar year 2012 audits). Auditors should continue to use the previous edition of this guide (2008 edition) until the clarified auditing standards become effective for the auditors’ engagements. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Accounting and Valuation Guide: Valuation of Privately-Held-Company Equity Securities Issued as Compensation AICPA, 2016-10-31 This new Guide has been developed by AICPA staff and the Equity Securities Task Force and is the first in a series of 3 NEW AICPA Accounting Valuation Guides to be released. This long anticipated release reflects best practices developed over the previous decade. Since the issuance of FASB ASC 718 and 505-50 in 2004, valuing stock-based compensation (cheap stock) has been a significant challenge for private companies. This New Guide has been designed to mitigate those challenges. It brings you practical guidance and illustrations related to accounting, disclosures and valuation of privately held company equity securities issued as compensation. This guide includes: Evaluating private and secondary market transactions — What should companies do when transaction activity doesn't match their estimates of value? Adjustments for control and marketability — How should companies think about the value of the enterprise for the purpose of valuing minority securities? When is it appropriate to apply a discount for lack of marketability, and how should the estimated discount be supported? Highly leveraged entities — How should companies incorporate the fair value of debt in the valuation of equity securities? What is the impact of leverage on the expected volatility of various securities? The relevance of ASC 820 (SFAS 157) to cheap stock issues Updated guidance and illustrations regarding the valuation of, and disclosures related to, privately held company equity securities issued as compensation This Guide also provides expanded and more robust valuation material to reflect advances in the theory and practice of valuation since 2004. This edition includes guidance from FASB ASC 718, 505-50, 820-10 and SSVS 1 which were all issued since the last AICPA guidance dedicated to this issue. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Financial Management of Health Care Organizations William N. Zelman, Michael J. McCue, Noah D. Glick, 2009-09-15 Thoroughly revised, this third edition of Financial Management of Health Care Organizations offers an introduction to the most-used tools and techniques of health care financial management. Comprehensive in scope, the book covers a broad range of topics that include an overview of the health care system and evolving reimbursement methodologies; health care accounting and financial statements; managing cash, billings, and collections; the time value of money and analyzing and financing major capital investments; determining cost and using cost information in decision-making; budgeting and performance measurement; and pricing. In addition, this new edition includes information on new laws and regulations that affect health care financial reporting and performance, revenue cycle management expansion of health care services into new arenas, benchmarking, interest rate swaps, bond ratings, auditing, and internal control. This important resource also contains information on the 2007 Healthcare Audit Guide of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). Written to be accessible, the book avoids complicated formulas. Chapter appendices offer advanced, in-depth information on the subject matter. Each chapter provides a detailed outline, a summary, and key terms, and includes problems in the context of real-world situations and events that clearly illustrate the concepts presented. Problem sets that end each chapter have been updated and expanded to support more in-depth learning of the chapters’ concepts. An Instructor’s Manual, available online, contains PowerPoint and Excel files. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audits of Property and Liability Insurance Companies , 2000 |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: AICPA Professional Standards: Accounting American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 1974 |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit and Accounting Manual: Nonauthoritative Practice Aid, 2019 AICPA, 2019-07-11 This comprehensive, step-by-step guide provides a plain-English approach to planning and performing audits. In this handy resource, accountants and auditors will find updates for the issuance of SAS No. 132, The Auditor's Consideration of an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, with illustrative examples, sample forms and helpful techniques ideal for small- and medium-sized firms Key Features include: Comprehensive and step-by-step guidance on the performance of an audit Numerous alerts that address the current-year developments in a variety of areas Illustrative examples and forms to facilitate hands-on performance of the audit |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Knowledge-Based Audits of Health Care Entities Michael F. Garczynski, 2008-02 |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Auditing Raymond N. Johnson, Laura Davis Wiley, Robyn Moroney, Fiona Campbell, Jane Hamilton, 2019-04-16 The explosion of data analytics in the auditing profession demands a different kind of auditor. Auditing: A Practical Approach with Data Analytics prepares students for the rapidly changing demands of the auditing profession by meeting the data-driven requirements of today's workforce. Because no two audits are alike, this course uses a practical, case-based approach to help students develop professional judgement, think critically about the auditing process, and develop the decision-making skills necessary to perform a real-world audit. To further prepare students for the profession, this course integrates seamless exam review for successful completion of the CPA Exam. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Standards for Internal Control in the Federal Government United States Government Accountability Office, 2019-03-24 Policymakers and program managers are continually seeking ways to improve accountability in achieving an entity's mission. A key factor in improving accountability in achieving an entity's mission is to implement an effective internal control system. An effective internal control system helps an entity adapt to shifting environments, evolving demands, changing risks, and new priorities. As programs change and entities strive to improve operational processes and implement new technology, management continually evaluates its internal control system so that it is effective and updated when necessary. Section 3512 (c) and (d) of Title 31 of the United States Code (commonly known as the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act (FMFIA)) requires the Comptroller General to issue standards for internal control in the federal government. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Annual Update for Accountants and Auditors: 2020 Kurt Oestriecher, Mark Beasley, 2020-12-03 Keep abreast of the fast-paced changes in accounting and auditing with relevant pronouncements, exposure drafts, and other guidance recently issued in the accounting, auditing, compilation, preparation, and review arenas. This book will help accountants and financial managers sort through the most recent accounting and auditing complexities so they can identify and apply recently issued FASB, PCAOB, and AICPA standards and guidance. New topics covered include: Revenue recognition Leases Financial instruments Intangible assets Consolidation Business combinations Recently issued SAS No. 134–140 Auditing interpretations Recently proposed SSAE standards Overview of SSARS guidance |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: The Routledge Handbook of Accounting Information Systems Erik Strauss, Martin Quinn, 2022-11-25 The Routledge Handbook of Accounting Information Systems is a prestige reference work offering a comprehensive overview of the state of current knowledge and emerging scholarship in the discipline of AIS. The pace of technological-driven change is rapid, and this revised edition provides a deeper focus on the technical underpinnings and organisational consequences of accounting information systems. It has been updated to capture the changes in technology since the previous edition. It now includes chapters and scholarly thought on artificial intelligence, predictive analytics and data visualisation, among others. Contributions from an international cast of authors provide a balanced overview of established and developing themes, identifying issues and discussing relevant debates. The chapters are analytical and engaging. Many chapters include cases or examples, and some provide additional resources for readers. The chapters also provide a reflection on where the research agenda is likely to advance in the future. This is a complete and indispensable guide for students and researchers in accounting and accounting information systems, academics and students seeking convenient access to an unfamiliar area, as well as established researchers seeking a single repository on the current debates and literature in the field. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Annual Accounting and Auditing Workshop Kurt Oestriecher, Mark Beasley, 2020-09-01 Are your accounting and auditing skills up-to-date and on-par with industry standards? This guide provides updates on the latest standards, including accounting, auditing, compilation, preparation, and review. It covers important industry changes such as revenue recognition, leases, financial instruments, and SASs, and includes practical applications for each, to help you understand and apply the standards to real-life scenarios. Key topics covered include: Accounting, auditing, and attestation standards updates FASB projects and exposure drafts Private company financial reporting Revenue Recognition Leases, Financial Instruments, Peer Review, Trust Services, Cyber Security, SSAEs Going Concern; Private company financial reporting |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Fundamentals of Governmental Accounting and Reporting Bruce W. Chase, 2020-06-23 Fundamentals of Governmental Accounting and Reporting features the foundational tenets of governmental accounting and reporting in today's environment. Featuring updated accounting for GASB Statement No. 84, and fiduciary activities, this work reviews underlying concepts and shows how they are applied through real-life examples of CAFR, financial statements and updates of recent GASB standards.Key areas covered include: The governmental environment and GAAP Fund accounting and the financial reporting model Budgeting MFBA Revenues and expenditures Governmental, proprietary, and fiduciary funds Government-wide financial statements CAFR Special purpose governments Deferred outflows of resources and deferred inflows of resources |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit Risk Alert AICPA, 2018-05-04 New standards for financial statement presentation and revenue recognition have created many not-for-profit financial reporting changes. Combine those with today's technology-centered environment and the ever-present scrutiny of exempt organizations by the IRS and watchdog and rating agencies, and accountants, auditors, and financial managers may wonder how they'll ever tackle all the associated risks. This alert takes discusses the important developments affecting not-for-profit entities in 2018, and the issues auditors may face. It's jam-packed with targeted discussions of current economic, accounting, and auditing issues affecting nonprofits, as well as changes on the horizon. Topics range from business environment issues like cybersecurity to accounting and auditing challenges like implementation of FASB's new financial statement standard (ASU No. 2016-14) and valuation of gifts-in-kind. This alert also covers legislative and regulatory issues like UBIT, debt-financed property rules, and tax reform provisions of interest to exempt organizations, as well as the new auditing standard on auditor involvement with exempt offering documents. Among other topics, this alert focuses on risks related to recent nonprofit industry trends, financial statement presentation changes, revenue recognition, and fair value issues. A discussion of tax reform provisions affecting exempt organizations is also included as well as information on emerging issues such as: Revenue recognition for grants and contracts Phase 2 of FASB's not-for-profit financial statement presentation project Changes to the auditor's report Cybersecurity Blockchain and other transformative technology Awareness of key trends affecting the nonprofit environment informs audit planning, risk management, strategic planning, and oversight, thereby promoting greater success and sustainability of not-for-profit entities. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Data and Analytics in Accounting Ann C. Dzuranin, Guido Geerts, Margarita Lenk, 2023-12-25 |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit Risk Alert: General Accounting and Auditing Developments 2018/19 AICPA, 2018-11-05 Containing descriptions of all recent auditing, accounting and regulatory developments, this 2018 alert will ensure that accountants have a robust understanding of the business, economic, and regulatory environments in which they and their clients operate. In addition, accountants will gain a full understanding of emerging practice issues, with targeted analysis of new developments and how they may affect their engagements, including: Recent Economic Trends Recent Legislative and PCAOB Developments Developments in Peer Review Recent Ethics Interpretations This useful resource also contains new accounting and auditing guidance related: Derivatives and Hedging Service Concession Agreements Discontinued Operations Stock Compensation |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: The Basics of IT Audit Stephen D. Gantz, 2013-10-31 The Basics of IT Audit: Purposes, Processes, and Practical Information provides you with a thorough, yet concise overview of IT auditing. Packed with specific examples, this book gives insight into the auditing process and explains regulations and standards such as the ISO-27000, series program, CoBIT, ITIL, Sarbanes-Oxley, and HIPPA. IT auditing occurs in some form in virtually every organization, private or public, large or small. The large number and wide variety of laws, regulations, policies, and industry standards that call for IT auditing make it hard for organizations to consistently and effectively prepare for, conduct, and respond to the results of audits, or to comply with audit requirements. This guide provides you with all the necessary information if you're preparing for an IT audit, participating in an IT audit or responding to an IT audit. - Provides a concise treatment of IT auditing, allowing you to prepare for, participate in, and respond to the results - Discusses the pros and cons of doing internal and external IT audits, including the benefits and potential drawbacks of each - Covers the basics of complex regulations and standards, such as Sarbanes-Oxley, SEC (public companies), HIPAA, and FFIEC - Includes most methods and frameworks, including GAAS, COSO, COBIT, ITIL, ISO (27000), and FISCAM |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit Guide AICPA, 2016-11-30 AICPA Audit Guides are developed and updated to provide guidance and tools for practitioners as they perform audit engagements. The AICPA Audit Guide Analytical Procedures, updated as of March 1, 2012, includes relevant guidance contained in applicable standards and other technical sources. The guide summarizes applicable requirements and practices, and delivers how-to advice for handling analytical procedures used in audits. The included case study illustrates the use of analytical procedures in planning and substantive testing, utilizing trend analysis, ratio analysis, reasonableness testing, and regression analysis. The appendices include a variety of examples of financial ratios and a comparison of the key provisions of the Risk Assessment Standards. This AICPA Audit Guide has been fully conformed to reflect the new standards resulting from the Clarity Project. Fully incorporating the clarified auditing standards into this year’s edition of the guide enables auditors to further their understanding of these recently issued auditing standards, as well as begin updating their audit methodologies, resources, and tools prior to the clarified auditing standards’ effective date. Additionally, this approach gives auditors the opportunity to review and understand the changes made by their third-party audit methodology and resource providers, if applicable. The clarified auditing standards are effective for audits of financial statements for periods ending on or after December 15, 2012 (calendar year 2012 audits). Auditors should continue to use the previous edition of this guide (2008 edition) until the clarified auditing standards become effective for the auditors’ engagements. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: A Guide to Forensic Accounting Investigation Steven L. Skalak, Thomas W. Golden, Mona M. Clayton, Jessica S. Pill, 2015-12-28 Recent catastrophic business failures have caused some to rethinkthe value of the audit, with many demanding that auditors take moreresponsibility for fraud detection. This book provides forensicaccounting specialists?experts in uncovering fraud?with newcoverage on the latest PCAOB Auditing Standards, the ForeignCorrupt Practices Act, options fraud, as well as fraud in China andits implications. Auditors are equipped with the necessarypractical aids, case examples, and skills for identifyingsituations that call for extended fraud detection procedures. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Annual Update: Top Governmental and Not-for-Profit Accounting and Auditing Issues Facing CPAs Lynda Dennis, 2020-07-21 This book provides a review of the top accounting and auditing issues faced by preparers of governmental and not-for-profit financial statements and their auditors. Key areas covered include: GASB 87, Leases; revenue recognition, including grants and contracts; risk assessment; and financial reporting. Key topics include: · Current GASB developments · Audit issues related to GASB developments · Recent GASB pronouncements and their impact on accounting and reporting · Top advice from the AICPA’s Technical Hotline and the GASB Technical Inquiry System |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Prospective Financial Information AICPA, 2017-06-12 This resource provides interpretive guidance and implementation strategies for all preparation, compilation examination and agreed upon procedures on prospective financial information: Helps with establishing proven best-practices. Provides practical tools and resources to assist with compliance. Exposes potential pitfalls associated with independence and ethics requirements. SSAE No. 18 SSARS No. 23 Preparation and compilation engagements now fall under the SSARSs The attestation engagements require an assertion from the responsible party |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Competency-Based Accounting Education, Training, and Certification Alfred Borgonovo, Brian Friedrich, Michael Wells, 2019-06-06 This guide is designed to assist all those who are responsible for providing or overseeing formal education or practical experience that forms part of the initial professional development of aspiring professional accountants, or the continuing professional development of professional accountants. It is particularly relevant to professional accountancy organizations. It is also intended for policy makers and regulators who determine which organizations are licensed to certify professional accountants and related specializations, for example, audit professionals. The purpose of the guide is to • increase understanding of the gap between the current skills of many accountants in some regions and the skills that are relevant in increasingly digitized and globalized economies; • convey the essential features of Competency-Based Accounting Education, Training, and Certification (CBAETC); • provide a common reference framework for organizations pursuing CBAETC and the consultants working with them; • assist countries in developing in-country plans and implementing in-country processes that produce accountants with higher-order skills relevant to their economy’s rapidly evolving needs; and • improve financial reporting, auditing, and regulation. This guide complements and builds on International Education Standards (IES™) of the International Accounting Education Standards Board™ (IAESB™). |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit Guide AICPA, 2018 Updated as of October 1, 2017, This bookincludes relevant guidance contained in applicable standards and other technical sources. The guide summarizes applicable requirements and practices and delivers how-to advice for handling analytical procedures used in audits. The included case study illustrates the use of analytical procedures in planning and substantive testing, utilizing trend analysis, ratio analysis, reasonableness testing, and regression analysis. The remaining appendixes include examples of financial ratios and a comparison of the key provisions of the risk assessment standards. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Investment Companies, 2019 AICPA, 2019-11-27 Whether you are a financial statement preparer or auditor, it is critical to understand the complexities of the specialized accounting and regulatory requirements for investment companies. Your industry standard resource, this 2019 edition supports practitioners in a constantly changing industry landscape. Packed with continuous regulatory developments, this guide covers: Authoritative how-to accounting and auditing advice, including implementation guidance and illustrative financial statements and disclosures; Details on the changes to illustrated financial statements and disclosures resulting from guidance that was recently-issued or became recently effective (for example, SEC's release, Disclosure Update and Simplification); 2019 updates include:References to appropriate AICPA Technical Questions and Answers that address when to apply the liquidation basis of accounting and appendices discussing the new standard for financial instruments, common or collective trusts and business development companies. Finally, this guide features a schedule of changes which identifies where to find updated content and the associated reasons for the changes. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit Guide AICPA, 2020-05-14 Updated as of December 1, 2019, this guide continues to be an indispensable resource packed with information on sampling requirements and methods. It introduces statistical and nonstatistical sampling approaches, and features case studies illustrating the use of different sampling methods, including classical variables sampling and monetary unit sampling, in real-world situations. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Practice Aid: Audit and Accounting Manual, 2017 AICPA, 2017-08-14 This one-stop-shop summarizes applicable requirements and delivers how-to advice to help practitioners plan and perform an audit. A valuable resource featuring new updates for the issuance of SAS No. 132, The Auditor's Consideration of an Entity's Ability to Continue as a Going Concern, this guide provides illustrative examples, sample forms, and helpful techniques that small-and medium-sized firms need to streamline their audit engagements. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: AICPA Professional Standards 2019 AICPA, 2019-10-16 Updated as of July 1, 2019, this two-volume set is a comprehensive source of professional standards and interpretations issued by the AICPA, such as auditing and attestation, accounting and review services pronouncements, along with the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct and Bylaws. Standards and related interpretations, to help you apply the standards in specific circumstances, are arranged by subject with amendments noted, superseded portions deleted, and conforming changes reflected. New to this edition: Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 134, Auditor Reporting and Amendments, Including Amendments Addressing Disclosures in the Audit of Financial Statements SAS No. 135, Omnibus Statement on Auditing Standards—2019 SAS No. 136, Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements of Employee Benefit Plans Subject to ERISA SAS No. 137, The Auditor's Responsibilities Relating to Other Information Included in Annual Reports Statement on Standards for Forensic Services No. 1, Statement on Standards for Forensic Services |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Audit and Accounting Guide AICPA, 2019-10-18 The construction industry has seen significant changes in the past couple years. Whether you are in public accounting, performing assurance services, or operate in the industry, this guide has the information you need to perform at your best. Considered the construction industry standard resource, this 2019 edition features new accounting information and new auditing considerations, particularly with regards to considerations for FASB ASC 606. This guide is an indispensable reference document packed with information on new requirements and relevant changes to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification. From simple accounting to joint venture creation, this edition takes a deep dive into industry specific auditing procedures. Topics include: Practical tips and industry specific guidance; A detailed look at FASB ASU Nos. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, including new auditing considerations; An up-to-date look at the details of FASB ASU No. 2016-02, Leases |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Wiley CPA Exam Review Study Guide 2023 , 2023 The Wiley CPA Study Guides four-volume set, fully updated for the 2022 CPA exam, reviews all four parts of the exam and provides the detailed information candidates need to master or reinforce tough topic areas. Content is organized into Bite-Sized Lessons that map perfectly to the Wiley CPA online course. The books are designed to supplement the online course but may also be used as a stand-alone study tool. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Data Mining For Dummies Meta S. Brown, 2014-09-04 Delve into your data for the key to success Data mining is quickly becoming integral to creating value and business momentum. The ability to detect unseen patterns hidden in the numbers exhaustively generated by day-to-day operations allows savvy decision-makers to exploit every tool at their disposal in the pursuit of better business. By creating models and testing whether patterns hold up, it is possible to discover new intelligence that could change your business's entire paradigm for a more successful outcome. Data Mining for Dummies shows you why it doesn't take a data scientist to gain this advantage, and empowers average business people to start shaping a process relevant to their business's needs. In this book, you'll learn the hows and whys of mining to the depths of your data, and how to make the case for heavier investment into data mining capabilities. The book explains the details of the knowledge discovery process including: Model creation, validity testing, and interpretation Effective communication of findings Available tools, both paid and open-source Data selection, transformation, and evaluation Data Mining for Dummies takes you step-by-step through a real-world data-mining project using open-source tools that allow you to get immediate hands-on experience working with large amounts of data. You'll gain the confidence you need to start making data mining practices a routine part of your successful business. If you're serious about doing everything you can to push your company to the top, Data Mining for Dummies is your ticket to effective data mining. |
| aicpa guide to audit data analytics: Accounting & Auditing Research Thomas R. Weirich, Thomas C. Pearson, Natalie T. Churyk, 2017 Revised edition of Accounting & auditing research: tools & strategies, [2014] |
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* For the second quarter of 2025, the AICPA adjusted the testing dates and score release dates to accommodate the credit extensions through June 30, 2025. Per the AICPA : For most CPA …
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Dec 9, 2008 · I didn't have another NTS to purchase this month, so I celebrated by spending $131 on “Professional Ethics: AICPA's Comprehensive Course” to fulfill my state's ethics …
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