Age In Indonesian Language

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Age in Indonesian Language: A Historical and Linguistic Exploration



Author: Dr. Anya Pertiwi, PhD in Linguistics, specializing in Indonesian sociolinguistics and historical linguistics. Dr. Pertiwi has conducted extensive fieldwork in various Indonesian regions, focusing on language variation and the sociocultural implications of age-related terminology.

Keyword: age in Indonesian language


Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive analysis of how age is expressed in the Indonesian language, examining its historical evolution, current usage, and sociocultural implications. We delve into the various terms used to denote age, their formal and informal variations, and the nuanced ways in which age influences social interactions and linguistic choices within Indonesian society.


1. Introduction: Understanding Age in Indonesian Society

The concept of "age in Indonesian language" is far more complex than simply translating years lived. Indonesian society, like many others, places significant social weight on age, impacting social hierarchies, familial roles, and even linguistic choices. This article explores the multifaceted ways in which age is expressed and understood within the Indonesian linguistic landscape. We will examine the vocabulary used to describe age, the grammatical structures employed, and the social context influencing their application.


2. Historical Context: Evolution of Age Terminology in Indonesian

The terms used to express age in Indonesian have evolved alongside the language itself. Before the standardization of Bahasa Indonesia, numerous regional languages (dialects) had their unique ways of expressing age. Many of these regional terms continue to exist alongside the standardized forms, particularly in informal settings. For example, older generations might use terms rooted in Javanese, Sundanese, or other regional languages, while younger generations primarily use standardized Bahasa Indonesia. Tracing the historical evolution of age terminology reveals insights into the linguistic and cultural changes that have shaped modern Indonesia. This historical perspective is crucial to fully understanding the current relevance of "age in Indonesian language."


3. Expressing Age in Modern Indonesian: Vocabulary and Grammar

Modern Indonesian primarily uses the word umur (age) followed by a numeral. For example, umur saya tiga puluh tahun (I am thirty years old). However, this is a relatively formal way of stating one's age. Informal settings might use alternative expressions. The phrase usia (age) is also used, often in more formal or written contexts. Beyond simply stating numerical age, Indonesian also utilizes terms reflecting social age or generational status. For instance, kakak (older sibling/older person), adik (younger sibling/younger person), pak tua (old man), ibu tua (old woman), and other kinship terms are regularly employed to indicate relative age within a social context, rather than a precise numerical age. The appropriate choice between these terms depends heavily on the social context and relationship between speakers. This nuanced use of "age in Indonesian language" reflects the importance of social hierarchy in Indonesian culture.


4. Sociolinguistic Variations: Regional and Generational Differences

The way age is expressed varies across different regions of Indonesia. As mentioned, certain regional languages retain unique vocabulary for age, influencing how age is described within those communities. Moreover, generational differences are evident in language use. Younger generations may favor shorter, more informal expressions, while older generations may opt for more traditional or formal phrasing. This highlights the dynamic nature of "age in Indonesian language" and its susceptibility to social and linguistic change.


5. Age and Politeness: Linguistic Strategies in Indonesian

The expression of age is intricately linked to politeness in Indonesian. Using appropriate terms to address individuals based on their perceived age demonstrates respect and social awareness. Incorrect use can be considered impolite or even offensive. The choice of pronouns, honorifics, and verb forms all depend heavily on the relative age of the speaker and the addressee. This emphasizes the significant role that "age in Indonesian language" plays in maintaining social harmony and demonstrating cultural competence.


6. Age and Identity: The Social Construction of Age

In Indonesian society, age significantly shapes identity. Different age groups have associated cultural expectations, social roles, and linguistic conventions. The way an individual expresses their age reflects their identity and social positioning within the community. Examining how "age in Indonesian language" is used reveals crucial insights into Indonesian social structures and individual self-perception.



7. Conclusion

The concept of "age in Indonesian language" is far from a simple matter of numerical expression. It's a multifaceted phenomenon reflecting historical linguistic developments, regional variations, social hierarchies, and politeness strategies. Understanding these complexities requires appreciating the intricate interplay between language, culture, and society in Indonesia. This analysis has highlighted the various ways age is expressed, the underlying social dynamics, and the importance of using appropriate terminology to reflect respect and social awareness.

FAQs

1. What is the most common way to ask someone's age in Indonesian? The most common way is: Berapa umur Anda? (formal) / Berapa umur kamu? (informal) which translates to "How old are you?"

2. How does Indonesian handle age ambiguity? Indonesian uses contextual clues and honorifics to manage ambiguity. If unsure of someone's age, using more formal language is generally safer.

3. Are there any euphemisms for old age in Indonesian? Yes, there are softer ways to refer to advanced age, often utilizing indirect language or focusing on respect rather than the precise age.

4. How does age influence the use of pronouns in Indonesian? The use of formal and informal pronouns (Anda vs. kamu) is directly influenced by age and social status. Younger individuals typically use "kamu" to address elders only in close relationships.

5. How do you express age ranges in Indonesian? Age ranges are expressed using phrases like antara 20 sampai 30 tahun (between 20 and 30 years old).

6. Are there specific expressions for different life stages in Indonesian? Yes, Indonesian has terms for childhood (masa kanak-kanak), adolescence (remaja), adulthood (dewasa), and old age (usia lanjut), each with associated cultural connotations.

7. How does the use of "age in Indonesian language" differ in formal and informal contexts? Formal contexts typically use umur and full sentences, while informal contexts might use shorter phrases, kinship terms, or even non-verbal cues to indicate age.

8. How has globalization impacted the way age is expressed in Indonesian? The influence of global culture has led to the adoption of some English loanwords related to age, although they remain less common than traditional Indonesian terms.

9. Where can I find more information on Indonesian sociolinguistics? Numerous academic journals and books focus on Indonesian sociolinguistics. Searching for relevant keywords in online academic databases will yield numerous resources.


Related Articles:

1. "The Sociolinguistics of Indonesian Kinship Terminology": Examines how kinship terms reflect age and social relationships.

2. "Age and Identity Formation in Indonesian Youth Culture": Focuses on how age influences identity construction amongst young Indonesians.

3. "Regional Variations in Indonesian Age Terminology": A comparative study of age expressions in different Indonesian regions.

4. "Politeness Strategies and Age in Indonesian Conversational Interaction": Analyzes how politeness is expressed concerning the relative ages of speakers.

5. "The Historical Development of Age-Related Vocabulary in Indonesian": Traces the historical evolution of terms for age in Indonesian.

6. "Ageism and Language Use in Indonesian Media": Explores the portrayal of age and aging in Indonesian media.

7. "The Influence of Javanese on Indonesian Age Terminology": Focuses on the impact of Javanese language on the way age is expressed in Indonesian.

8. "Code-Switching and Age in Indonesian Bilingual Communities": Analyzes the use of age-related terminology in code-switching contexts.

9. "A Corpus-Based Analysis of Age Expressions in Modern Indonesian Literature": Investigates the use of age-related language in contemporary Indonesian literature.


Publisher: The Indonesian Journal of Linguistics, a peer-reviewed academic journal published by the Indonesian Linguistics Society (ILS), a prominent organization recognized for its authority in Indonesian language studies.

Editor: Professor Budiman Santoso, PhD in Linguistics, a leading expert in Indonesian syntax and sociolinguistics with over 20 years of experience in the field.


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  age in indonesian language: Making Indonesia Daniel S. Lev, 1996 Building behemoth : Indonesian constructions of the nation-state / Ruth McVey -- Language fantasy, revolution : Java 1900-1950 / Benedict R. O'G. Anderson -- Sjahrir at Boven Digoel : reflections on exile in the Dutch East Indies / Rudolf Mrz̀ek -- Diplomacy and armed struggle in the Indonesian national revolution : choice and constraint in a comparative perspective / Barbara Harvey -- When we were young : the exile of the Republic's leaders in Bangka, 1949 / Mary Somers Heidhues -- Nationalism, revolution, and organization in Indonesian communism / Ruth McVey -- The post-coup massacre in Bali / Geoffrey Robinson -- Between state and society : professional lawyers and reform in Indonesia / Daniel S. Lev -- Rewiring the Indonesian state / Takashi Shiraishi -- Community participation, indigenous ideology, activist politics : Indonesian NGO's in the 1990's / Fred Bunnell.
  age in indonesian language: Indonesia Today , 1979
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  age in indonesian language: Language Policy at the Supranational Level Huan Yik Lee,
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  age in indonesian language: Indonesia, Law and Society Timothy Lindsey, 2008 Since the first edition, Indonesia has undergone massive political and legal change as part of its post-Soeharto reform process and its dramatic transition to democracy. This work contains 25 new chapters and the 4 surviving chapters have all been revised, where necessary. Indonesia: Law and Society now covers a broad range of legal fields and includes both historical and very up-to-date analyses and views on Indonesian legal issues. It includes work by leading scholars from a wide range of countries. There is still no comparable, English language text in existence.
  age in indonesian language: Out of the Ashes James J. Fox, Dionisio Babo-Soares, 2003-11-01 A collection of essays that examine the historical background to developments in East Timor and provide political analysis on the initial reconstruction stage in the country's transition to independence.
  age in indonesian language: English Linguistics, Literature, and Language Teaching in a Changing Era Suwarsih Madya, Willy A. Renandya, Masaki Oda, Didi Sukiyadi, Anita Triastuti, Ashadi, Erna Andriyanti, Nur Hidayanto P.S.P, 2019-10-22 This book offers a wide range of topics for the scholar interested in the study of English in this unsettling era of disruption in our lives – from linguistics to literature to language teaching and learning. The chapters present snippets of thoughts and critical reflections, findings from action research and other methodologies, and essays on troubling topics for language teachers. The authors are researchers, experienced teachers, and students engaged in exploratory research. The many ideas and suggestions for further reflection and research will inspire teachers and researchers working in many different contexts, both educational and regional. There is something in this book for everybody.
  age in indonesian language: Multicultural America Carlos E. Cortés, 2013-08-15 This comprehensive title is among the first to extensively use newly released 2010 U.S. Census data to examine multiculturalism today and tomorrow in America. This distinction is important considering the following NPR report by Eyder Peralta: “Based on the first national numbers released by the Census Bureau, the AP reports that minorities account for 90 percent of the total U.S. growth since 2000, due to immigration and higher birth rates for Latinos.” According to John Logan, a Brown University sociologist who has analyzed most of the census figures, “The futures of most metropolitan areas in the country are contingent on how attractive they are to Hispanic and Asian populations.” Both non-Hispanic whites and blacks are getting older as a group. “These groups are tending to fade out,” he added. Another demographer, William H. Frey with the Brookings Institution, told The Washington Post that this has been a pivotal decade. “We’re pivoting from a white-black-dominated American population to one that is multiracial and multicultural.” Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia explores this pivotal moment and its ramifications with more than 900 signed entries not just providing a compilation of specific ethnic groups and their histories but also covering the full spectrum of issues flowing from the increasingly multicultural canvas that is America today. Pedagogical elements include an introduction, a thematic reader’s guide, a chronology of multicultural milestones, a glossary, a resource guide to key books, journals, and Internet sites, and an appendix of 2010 U.S. Census Data. Finally, the electronic version will be the only reference work on this topic to augment written entries with multimedia for today’s students, with 100 videos (with transcripts) from Getty Images and Video Vault, the Agence France Press, and Sky News, as reviewed by the media librarian of the Rutgers University Libraries, working in concert with the title’s editors.
  age in indonesian language: Proceedings of the 1st UMSurabaya Multidisciplinary International Conference 2021 (MICon 2021) Sofia Februanti, Mundakir Mundakir, Yelvi Levani, Puspa Liza Ghazali, Jumadil Saputra, Mujiarto Mujiarto, 2023-05-12 This is an open access book. Internationalization is one aspect of becoming qualified in this globalization era, especially for higher education levels. In this particular era when everyone is locked down due to Covid 19 Virus, the academic activity must still run. It is correlated with vision of Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya as an international standard university so that it can compete with universities at national or international level. During Pandemy, many obstacles occur then it is also led with many opportunities.
  age in indonesian language: Community Profiles, 1991 Census, Indonesia Born , 1995
  age in indonesian language: Multicultural Challenges and Redefining Identity in East Asia Nam-Kook Kim, 2016-04-15 Globalization and increased migration have brought both new opportunities and new tensions to traditional East Asian societies. Multicultural Challenges and Redefining Identity in East Asia draws together a wide range of distinguished local scholars to discuss multiculturalism and the changing nature of social identity in East Asia. Regional specialists review specific events and situations in China, Korea, Japan, Thailand, Vietnam, Singapore, Taiwan, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to provide a focus on life as it is lived at the local level whilst also tracing macro discourses on the national issues affected by multiculturalism and identity. The contributors look at the uneven multicultural development across these different countries and how to bridge the gap between locality and universality. They examine how ethnic majorities and minorities can achieve individual rights, exert civic responsibility, and explain how to construct a deliberative framework to make sustainable democracy possible. This book considers the emergence of a new cross-national network designed to address multicultural challenges and imagines an East Asian community with shared values of individual dignity and multicultural diversity. With strong empirical support it puts forward a regulative ideal by which a new paradigm for multicultural coexistence and regional cooperation can be realized.
  age in indonesian language: Culture and Customs of Indonesia Jill Forshee, 2006-09-30 Indonesia comprises more than 17,000 islands stretching on either side of the equator for nearly 4,000 miles and hundreds of ethnic groups with almost 300 languages spoken. This book reveals the remarkable social, religious, and geographical differences that exist from island to island. Because of such variety, Indonesia defies simple categorizations. Europeans have produced most of the written histories of this region, although Indonesians have contributed much. Culture and Customs of Indonesia reveals something of local people's ideas of their identities and pasts as well. Indonesian cultures covered include those of forest-dwelling hunters, rice growers, fisherfolk, village artisans, urban office and factory workers, intellectuals, artists, wealthy industrialists, street vendors, and homeless people. Readers will learn about the amazing range of belief systems, material culture, and arts that enliven Indonesia. Forshee describes the majestic temples, complex poetry and literature, lavish theatrical performances, and splendid visual arts and more that have distinguished Indonesia for centuries and continue into the present. Indonesians are shown to be constantly reinterpreting and refining their cultures in the modern world.
  age in indonesian language: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Language, Literature, Culture, and Education (ICOLLITE 2023) Nuria Haristiani, 2024 Zusammenfassung: This is an open access book. ICOLLITE is an annual international conference organized by the Faculty of Language and Literature Education of Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia in the fields of Language, Literature, Culture, and Education. This conference embraces interdisciplinary studies representing advances and fresh studies in the fields of language, literature, culture and education. The aim is to bring together leading scientists, researchers and academic practitioners to exchange experiences and research results on all aspects of language, literature, culture and education. This year, 'Globalization and Its Impacts on Language, Literature, and Culture: Opportunities and Challenges' becomes its theme. Presenters and participants are welcomed to discuss and disseminate current issues and offer solutions to the challenges of our time
  age in indonesian language: Language Policy in Superdiverse Indonesia Subhan Zein, 2020-02-03 Indonesia has an extreme diversity of linguistic wealth, with 707 languages by one count, or 731 languages and more than 1,100 dialects in another estimate, spoken by more than 600 ethnicities spread across 17,504 islands in the archipelago. Smaller, locally used indigenous languages jostle for survival alongside Indonesian, which is the national language, regional lingua francas, major indigenous languages, heritage languages, sign languages and world languages such as English, Arabic and Mandarin, not to mention emerging linguistic varieties and practices of language mixing. How does the government manage these languages in different domains such as education, the media, the workplace and the public while balancing concerns over language endangerment and the need for participation in the global community? Subhan Zein asserts that superdiversity is the key to understanding and assessing these intricate issues and their complicated, contested and innovative responses in the complex, dynamic and polycentric sociolinguistic situation in Indonesia that he conceptualises as superglossia. This offers an opportunity for us to delve more deeply into such a context through the language and superdiversity perspective that is in ascendancy. Zein examines emerging themes that have been dominating language policy discourse including status, prestige, corpus, acquisition, cultivation, language shift and endangerment, revitalisation, linguistic genocide and imperialism, multilingual education, personnel policy, translanguaging, family language policy and global English. These topical areas are critically discussed in an integrated manner against Indonesia’s elaborate socio-cultural, political and religious backdrop as well as the implementation of regional autonomy. In doing so, Zein identifies strategies for language policy to help inform scholarship and policymaking while providing a frame of reference for the adoption of the superdiversity perspective on polity-specific language policy in other parts of the world.
  age in indonesian language: Gender and Diversity: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications Management Association, Information Resources, 2018-08-03 Today, gender inequality and diversity are at the forefront of discussion, as the issue has become an international concern for politicians, government agencies, social activists, and the general public. Consequently, the need to foster and sustain diversity and inclusiveness in the interactions among various groups of people is relevant today more than ever. Gender and Diversity: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications provides a critical look at gender and modern-day discrimination and solutions to creating sustainable diversity across numerous contexts and fields. Highlighting a range of topics such as anti-discrimination measures, workforce diversity, and gender inequality, this multi-volume book is designed for legislators and policy makers, practitioners, academicians, gender studies researchers, and graduate-level students interested in all aspects of gender and diversity studies.
  age in indonesian language: AKASHVANI All India Radio (AIR), New Delhi , 1969-12-28 Akashvani (English) is a programme journal of ALL INDIA RADIO, it was formerly known as The Indian Listener. It used to serve the listener as a bradshaw of broadcasting ,and give listener the useful information in an interesting manner about programmes, who writes them, take part in them and produce them along with photographs of performing artists. It also contains the information of major changes in the policy and service of the organisation. The Indian Listener (fortnightly programme journal of AIR in English) published by The Indian State Broadcasting Service, Bombay, started on 22 December, 1935 and was the successor to the Indian Radio Times in English, which was published beginning in July 16 of 1927. From 22 August ,1937 onwards, it used to published by All India Radio, New Delhi. From 1950,it was turned into a weekly journal. Later, The Indian listener became Akashvani (English ) w.e.f. January 5, 1958. It was made fortnightly journal again w.e.f July 1,1983. NAME OF THE JOURNAL: AKASHVANI LANGUAGE OF THE JOURNAL: English DATE, MONTH & YEAR OF PUBLICATION: 28 DECEMBER, 1969 PERIODICITY OF THE JOURNAL: Weekly NUMBER OF PAGES: 80 VOLUME NUMBER: Vol. XXXV. No. 1 BROADCAST PROGRAMME SCHEDULE PUBLISHED (PAGE NOS): 12-80 ARTICLE: 1. Gandhiji and Martin Luther King 2. Air Pollution: Can The Peril Be Averted ? 3. The Philosophy of Guru Nanak AUTHOR: 1. G. L. Mehta 2. Dr. C. A. Sastry 3. Khushwant Singh KEYWORDS : 1. A merical Gandhi, fascinated by Gandhi, a deeper commitment, noble place prize 2. Major sources o f pollution, the deadly motor vehicles, effect on materials, lethal to human beings, situation can be remedied 3.The ‘sahaj’ method Document ID : APE-1969 (D-F-M) Vol-I-01 Prasar Bharati Archives has the copyright in all matters published in this “AKASHVANI” and other AIR journals. For reproduction previous permission is essential.
  age in indonesian language: Examining Education around the World Fred M. Shelley, 2022-09-27 This thematic encyclopedia provides an overview of education as undertaken in the United States and in 70 countries worldwide and links educational organization, philosophy, and practice with important global social, economic, and environmental issues facing the contemporary world. All around the world, young people attend school, be it in the steppes of Mongolia, the tiny island nations of the Pacific, or the urban centers of Mexico. How do countries meet the educational needs of their citizens? This volume is organized into 10 chapters that look at key issues in global education, including literacy, gender, religion, science and technology (STEM), arts and humanities, school violence, multicultural education and diversity, environment and sustainability, education and difference/special needs, and views on education and a country's future. Each chapter contains eight country profiles, one for the United States and one each for seven other countries. Each entry includes a brief overview of the country and its history and geography, a description of its K–12 education system, and more detailed information about that country with respect to the appropriate topic. This book allows readers to compare and contrast education throughout the world. It also analyzes, from both contemporary and historical perspectives, relationships between education and the ways in which different countries address various issues, including development, diversity, gender, and environmental sustainability.
  age in indonesian language: Language Policy and Language Acquisition Planning Maarja Siiner, Francis M. Hult, Tanja Kupisch, 2018-05-22 In the sociopolitics of language, sometimes yesterday’s solution is tomorrow’s problem. This volume examines the evolving nature of language acquisition planning through a collection of papers that consider how decisions about language learning and teaching are mediated by a confluence of psychological, ideological, and historical forces. The first two parts of the volume feature empirical studies of formal and informal education across the lifespan and around the globe. Case studies map the agents, resources, and attitudes needed for creating moments and spaces for language learning that may, at times, collide with wider beliefs and policies that privilege some languages over others. The third part of the volume is devoted to conceptual contributions that take up theoretical issues related to epistemological and conceptual challenges for language acquisition planning. These contributions reflect on the full spectrum of social and cognitive factors that intersect with the planning of language teaching and learning including ethnic and racial power relations, historically situated political systems, language ideologies, community language socialization, relationships among stakeholders in communities and schools, interpersonal interaction, and intrapersonal development. In all, the volume demonstrates the multifaceted and socially situated nature of language acquisition planning.
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May 14, 2025 · The age calculator finds age in years, months, days and minutes given a date of birth. Calculate age, time between DOB and any date, or someone's age at death.

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The best age calculator apps for determining your age. The ultimate birthday calculator: How old are you in months, weeks, days, minutes? Did you ever want to know how old you will be if …

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Simply use the ' Age at Date ' option in our calculator and enter a date in either the past or future. Our calculation tool will then calculate based upon that date. Your age can be calculated by …

Age Calculator
This free age calculator computes age in terms of years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds, given a date of birth.

Age Calculator | age-calculator.org
Age Calculator is a free online tool to calculate the age or time difference between two dates. The calculated age will be displayed in years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, and also in …

Age Calculator (How old am I?)
This free online age calculator, a.k.a. Pearson age calculator, makes it as easy as possible to calculate the age of a person, movable property, real estate, institution, or a company. All you …

How Old Am I? Exact Age Calculator
Aug 9, 2019 · After entering your birth day click on the submit button & it will automatically calculate your exact age today in years, days, hours & minutes. If you wanted to know how old …

Online Age Calculator - Find chronological age from date of birth
This is a free online tool by EverydayCalculation.com to calculate chronological age from date of birth. The calculator can tell you your age on any specified date in years, months, weeks and …

Age Calculator: Find Your Age from Date of Birth
Calculate your age accurately by a set date with our easy-to-use age calculator tool. Answer the question, how many days old am I instantly! Try it now.

How Old Am I? | Best Age Calculator to Find Your Age Now
Find Your Exact Age Now with Our Age Calculator. Have you ever wondered, "How old am I today?" or "What year was I born?" Our age calculator helps you find your exact age now, …

Age Calculator
May 14, 2025 · The age calculator finds age in years, months, days and minutes given a date of birth. Calculate age, time between DOB and any date, or someone's age at death.

Age Calculator | How old am I? | Calculate age from date of birth
The best age calculator apps for determining your age. The ultimate birthday calculator: How old are you in months, weeks, days, minutes? Did you ever want to know how old you will be if …

Age Calculator (How Old Am I?)
Simply use the ' Age at Date ' option in our calculator and enter a date in either the past or future. Our calculation tool will then calculate based upon that date. Your age can be calculated by …