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Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering: A Comprehensive Guide
Author: Dr. Evelyn Reed, PhD. Dr. Reed has over 15 years of experience in antibody engineering, with a focus on affinity maturation techniques. She has published extensively in leading journals and holds several patents in the field.
Publisher: BioTech Publishing, a leading publisher of scientific literature specializing in biotechnology, immunology, and pharmaceutical research. BioTech Publishing is renowned for its rigorous peer-review process and commitment to disseminating high-quality scientific information.
Editor: Dr. Michael Chen, PhD. Dr. Chen is a seasoned editor with expertise in antibody engineering and related therapeutic applications. He has edited numerous publications on antibody technology and possesses a deep understanding of the nuances of this field.
Summary: This guide provides a comprehensive overview of affinity maturation antibody engineering, a crucial step in developing high-affinity antibodies for therapeutic and diagnostic applications. It details various techniques, including error-prone PCR, phage display, and yeast display, outlining best practices and common pitfalls to avoid. The guide emphasizes the importance of rigorous selection and screening strategies for maximizing antibody affinity and minimizing immunogenicity.
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1. Introduction to Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering
Affinity maturation is a critical process in antibody engineering, aimed at increasing the binding affinity of an antibody to its target antigen. This process mimics the natural somatic hypermutation that occurs in germinal centers during an immune response. Higher affinity antibodies are desirable for various applications, including therapeutics, diagnostics, and research tools. The efficiency and specificity of affinity maturation antibody engineering directly impact the success of the final product. This guide explores the key techniques, considerations, and best practices for achieving optimal results in affinity maturation.
2. Techniques for Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering
Several methods are employed for affinity maturation antibody engineering. Each has its strengths and weaknesses:
Error-prone PCR: This technique introduces random mutations into the antibody variable regions, creating a library of variants. The challenge lies in balancing the introduction of beneficial mutations with the generation of non-functional or less effective antibodies. Careful optimization of the PCR conditions is crucial.
Phage Display: This powerful technique displays antibody fragments on the surface of bacteriophages. Phages expressing high-affinity antibodies are selected through multiple rounds of panning against the target antigen. Phage display is widely used due to its high throughput capabilities and efficiency in selecting for improved binding.
Yeast Display: Similar to phage display, yeast display uses yeast cells to display antibody fragments. This method offers advantages such as higher expression levels and the ability to screen for antibodies with specific properties beyond binding affinity.
Ribosome Display: This cell-free system allows for rapid selection of high-affinity antibodies from large libraries. It offers several advantages over cell-based systems, including reduced cost and faster turnaround time.
3. Best Practices in Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering
Successful affinity maturation requires careful planning and execution. Key best practices include:
Starting with a high-quality parental antibody: The initial antibody serves as the foundation for subsequent improvement.
Employing a diverse mutation strategy: Employing multiple techniques or combining them can lead to improved diversity and chance of success.
Utilizing rigorous selection and screening methods: Multiple rounds of selection are essential to enrich for high-affinity variants.
Careful characterization of selected antibodies: Thorough analysis is needed to assess affinity, specificity, and other relevant properties.
4. Common Pitfalls in Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering
Several common pitfalls can hinder the success of affinity maturation antibody engineering:
Insufficient library diversity: A library lacking sufficient diversity may not yield significant improvements in affinity.
Stringent selection conditions: Too stringent conditions can lead to the loss of potentially beneficial variants.
Poor screening methods: Inefficient screening methods may fail to identify the most promising clones.
Ignoring antibody stability and manufacturability: The selected antibody should possess appropriate stability and manufacturability characteristics.
5. Computational Approaches in Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering
Computational methods are increasingly utilized in affinity maturation. These approaches can help predict the effect of mutations on binding affinity, reducing the need for extensive experimental screening. Molecular dynamics simulations and machine learning algorithms are playing an increasingly important role in the field.
6. Applications of Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering
Affinity-matured antibodies find widespread applications in various fields, including:
Therapeutic antibodies: High-affinity antibodies are essential for effective therapeutic interventions.
Diagnostic tools: High-affinity antibodies are crucial for developing sensitive and specific diagnostic assays.
Research reagents: Affinity-matured antibodies are valuable tools in basic and translational research.
7. Future Directions in Affinity Maturation Antibody Engineering
Ongoing research focuses on developing more efficient and cost-effective methods for affinity maturation. The integration of advanced technologies like high-throughput screening, machine learning, and directed evolution promises to revolutionize the field.
Conclusion
Affinity maturation antibody engineering is a powerful technology for generating high-affinity antibodies with significant applications in various sectors. By understanding and employing best practices while avoiding common pitfalls, researchers can effectively improve antibody affinity and develop superior therapeutic and diagnostic tools. The continuing development and refinement of this technology promise even greater advancements in the future.
FAQs
1. What is the difference between affinity and avidity? Affinity refers to the strength of a single antibody-antigen interaction, while avidity refers to the overall strength of binding between multiple antibodies and antigens.
2. What are the key selection pressures in affinity maturation? Selection pressures include antigen binding affinity, stability, and potentially other factors like immunogenicity.
3. How many rounds of selection are typically needed for affinity maturation? The number of rounds varies depending on the method and the initial antibody affinity, often ranging from 2-5 rounds.
4. How is the affinity of an antibody measured? Affinity can be measured using various techniques, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), ELISA, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC).
5. What are some common limitations of affinity maturation techniques? Limitations include the potential for generating non-functional antibodies, the cost and time required, and the challenge of selecting for desirable properties beyond binding affinity.
6. Can affinity maturation be used for any type of antibody? Yes, but the effectiveness may vary depending on the antibody format (e.g., IgG, Fab, scFv).
7. What is the role of computational tools in affinity maturation? Computational tools aid in designing mutations, predicting their effects, and analyzing the data generated from experimental selections.
8. How can immunogenicity be minimized during affinity maturation? Careful selection of mutations and sequence analysis can help minimize the potential for immunogenicity.
9. What are some emerging trends in affinity maturation? Emerging trends include the use of next-generation sequencing, machine learning algorithms, and more sophisticated library design strategies.
Related Articles:
1. "Phage Display for Antibody Engineering: A Comprehensive Review": This article provides a detailed overview of phage display technology and its applications in antibody engineering, including affinity maturation.
2. "Yeast Display: A Powerful Tool for Antibody Discovery and Engineering": This article focuses on the principles and applications of yeast display in antibody engineering, specifically addressing its role in affinity maturation.
3. "Error-Prone PCR in Antibody Engineering: Optimizing Mutation Rates for Enhanced Affinity": This article delves into the optimization of error-prone PCR for generating diverse antibody libraries for affinity maturation.
4. "Computational Approaches for Predicting Antibody Affinity and Guiding Affinity Maturation": This article highlights the increasing role of computational methods in predicting the effect of mutations and guiding the affinity maturation process.
5. "High-Throughput Screening for Antibody Affinity Maturation: Technologies and Applications": This article reviews various high-throughput screening technologies used for efficient selection and screening of high-affinity antibodies.
6. "The Role of Antibody Stability in Therapeutic Antibody Development and Affinity Maturation": This article discusses the importance of considering antibody stability during the affinity maturation process.
7. "Minimizing Immunogenicity in Affinity-Matured Antibodies: Strategies and Considerations": This article focuses on strategies to minimize the risk of immunogenicity when generating high-affinity antibodies.
8. "Next-Generation Sequencing for High-Throughput Antibody Affinity Maturation": This article explores the advantages of using next-generation sequencing technologies in affinity maturation to analyze the diversity and abundance of antibody variants.
9. "Directed Evolution for Antibody Engineering: A Comparative Analysis of Different Approaches": This article offers a comparative analysis of several directed evolution approaches used in affinity maturation, including phage display, yeast display, and ribosome display.
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Engineering Damien Nevoltris, Patrick Chames, 2019-12-10 This detailed new edition provides complete and easy access to a variety of antibody engineering techniques. The volume explores topics such as the generation of native, synthetic, or immune antibody libraries, the selection of lead candidates via the different powerful and innovative display technologies, Fc engineering, as well as their production, characterization, and optimization of antibodies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Antibody Engineering: Methods and Protocols, Third Edition presents the reader with an extensive toolbox to create the powerful molecules of tomorrow. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Therapeutic Antibody Engineering William R Strohl, Lila M Strohl, 2012-10-16 The field of antibody engineering has become a vital and integral part of making new, improved next generation therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, of which there are currently more than 300 in clinical trials across several therapeutic areas. Therapeutic antibody engineering examines all aspects of engineering monoclonal antibodies and analyses the effect that various genetic engineering approaches will have on future candidates. Chapters in the first part of the book provide an introduction to monoclonal antibodies, their discovery and development and the fundamental technologies used in their production. Following chapters cover a number of specific issues relating to different aspects of antibody engineering, including variable chain engineering, targets and mechanisms of action, classes of antibody and the use of antibody fragments, among many other topics. The last part of the book examines development issues, the interaction of human IgGs with non-human systems, and cell line development, before a conclusion looking at future issues affecting the field of therapeutic antibody engineering. - Goes beyond the standard engineering issues covered by most books and delves into structure-function relationships - Integration of knowledge across all areas of antibody engineering, development, and marketing - Discusses how current and future genetic engineering of cell lines will pave the way for much higher productivity |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Directed Evolution Library Creation Frances H. Arnold, George Georgiou, 2010-11-10 Biological systems are very special substrates for engineering—uniquely the products of evolution, they are easily redesigned by similar approaches. A simple algorithm of iterative cycles of diversification and selection, evolution works at all scales, from single molecules to whole ecosystems. In the little more than a decade since the first reported applications of evolutionary design to enzyme engineering, directed evolution has matured to the point where it now represents the centerpiece of industrial biocatalyst development and is being practiced by thousands of academic and industrial scientists in com- nies and universities around the world. The appeal of directed evolution is easy to understand: it is conceptually straightforward, it can be practiced without any special instrumentation and, most important, it frequently yields useful solutions, many of which are totally unanticipated. Directed evolution has r- dered protein engineering readily accessible to a broad audience of scientists and engineers who wish to tailor a myriad of protein properties, including th- mal and solvent stability, enzyme selectivity, specific activity, protease s- ceptibility, allosteric control of protein function, ligand binding, transcriptional activation, and solubility. Furthermore, the range of applications has expanded to the engineering of more complex functions such as those performed by m- tiple proteins acting in concert (in biosynthetic pathways) or as part of mac- molecular complexes and biological networks. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies Zhiqiang An, 2011-09-20 70-chapter authoritative reference that covers therapeutic monoclonal antibody discovery, development, and clinical applications while incorporating principles, experimental data, and methodologies. First book to address the discovery and development of antibody therapeutics in their entirety. Most chapters contain experimental data to illustrate the principles described in them. Authors provide detailed methodologies that readers can take away with them and use in their own laboratories. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Yeast Surface Display Bin Liu, 2016-10-09 In addition to research and discovery, yeast surface display technology has found applications in industrial processes such as biofuel production and environmental pollutant absorption and degradation. Yeast Surface Display: Methods, Protocols, and Applications guides readers through yeast surface antibody display library and antibody engineering, yeast surface display as a tool for protein engineering, yeast surface cDNA display library construction and applications, and yeast surface display in bioassay and industrial applications. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and key tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Concise and easy-to-use, Yeast Surface Display: Methods, Protocols, and Applications aims to help accelerate the work of protein chemists, antibody engineers, molecular and cell biologists, and industrial bioengineers. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Drug Discovery Clive R. Wood, 2012 Antibody-based therapeutics are a central driver of the success of biopharmaceuticals. The discovery technology of this field is isolated to a limited number of centers of excellence in industry and academia. The objective of this volume is to provide a series of guides to those evaluating and preparing to enter particular areas within the field. Each chapter is written with a historical perspective that sets into context the significance of the key developments, and with the provision of “points to consider” for the reader as a value-added feature of the volume. All contributors are experts in their fields and have played pivotal roles in the creation of the technology. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Engineering Volume 1 Roland E. Kontermann, Stefan Dübel, 2010-03-10 Antibodies are indispensable tools for research, diagnosis, and therapy. Recombinant approaches allow the modification and improvement of nearly all antibody properties, such as affinity, valency, specificity, stability, serum half-life, effector functions, and immunogenicity. Antibody Engineering provides a comprehensive toolbox covering the well-established basics but also many exciting new techniques. The protocols reflect the latest hands on knowledge of key laboratories in this still fast-moving field. Newcomers will benefit from the proven step-by-step protocols, which include helpful practical advice; experienced antibody engineers will appreciate the new ideas and approaches. The book is an invaluable resource for all those engaged in antibody research and development. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Engineering Benny K. C. Lo, 2008-02-03 The exquisite binding specificity of antibodies has made them valuable tools from the laboratory to the clinic. Since the description of the murine hybridoma technology by Köhler and Milstein in 1975, a phenomenal number of mo- clonal antibodies have been generated against a diverse array of targets. Some of these have become indispensable reagents in biomedical research, while others were developed for novel therapeutic applications. The attractiveness of an- bodies in this regard is obvious—high target specificity, adaptability to a wide range of disease states, and the potential ability to direct the host’s immune s- tem for a therapeutic response. The initial excitement in finding Paul Ehrlich’s “magic bullet,” however, was met with widespread disappointment when it was demonstrated that murine antibodies frequently elicit the human anti-murine an- body (HAMA) response, thus rendering them ineffective and potentially unsafe in humans. Despite this setback, advances in recombinant DNA techniques over the last 15–20 years have empowered the engineering of recombinant antibodies with desired characteristics, including properties to avoid HAMA. The ability to p- duce bulk quantities of recombinant proteins from bacterial fermentation also fueled the design of numerous creative antibody constructs. To date, the United States Food and Drug Administration has approved more than 10 recombinant antibodies for human use, and hundreds more are in the development pipeline. The recent explosion in genomic and proteomic information appears ready to deliver many more disease targets amenable to antibody-based therapy. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Protein Engineering Huimin Zhao, 2021-08-23 A one-stop reference that reviews protein design strategies to applications in industrial and medical biotechnology Protein Engineering: Tools and Applications is a comprehensive resource that offers a systematic and comprehensive review of the most recent advances in the field, and contains detailed information on the methodologies and strategies behind these approaches. The authors—noted experts on the topic—explore the distinctive advantages and disadvantages of the presented methodologies and strategies in a targeted and focused manner that allows for the adaptation and implementation of the strategies for new applications. The book contains information on the directed evolution, rational design, and semi-rational design of proteins and offers a review of the most recent applications in industrial and medical biotechnology. This important book: Covers technologies and methodologies used in protein engineering Includes the strategies behind the approaches, designed to help with the adaptation and implementation of these strategies for new applications Offers a comprehensive and thorough treatment of protein engineering from primary strategies to applications in industrial and medical biotechnology Presents cutting edge advances in the continuously evolving field of protein engineering Written for students and professionals of bioengineering, biotechnology, biochemistry, Protein Engineering: Tools and Applications offers an essential resource to the design strategies in protein engineering and reviews recent applications. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Engineering John McCafferty, Hennie Hoogenboom, Dave Chiswell, 1996 Recombinant DNA techniques have revolutionized the isolation and production of antibodies. This volume describes methods and technologies which will allow the researcher to isolate a new antibody, analyse its properties, format the correct antibody or fragment, and produce sufficient quantities for experimental use. Topics in this volume include: generation and analysis of antibodies; antibody repertoires; antibody screening and selection; measuring antibody affinities; sequence analysis; antibody engineering and production; conversion of rodent antibodies to human antibodies by CDR grafting or guided selection; choosing and optimizing effector functions; preparation and use of antibody-based molecules in eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems; scaling up manufacture; and generation of high-affinity high-specificity human antibodies in appropriate formats. Antibody Engineering is a unique manual of recombinant DNA methods for all those working with antibodies in research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Each chapter is written by a leading researcher in the field and provides essential background information, fully tested protocols, sample data from using these methods, trouble-shooting comments, and key hints and tips for success. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Fc Margaret Ackerman, Falk Nimmerjahn, 2013-08-06 Antibody Fc is the first single text to synthesize the literature on the mechanisms underlying the dramatic variability of antibodies to influence the immune response. The book demonstrates the importance of the Fc domain, including protective mechanisms, effector cell types, genetic data, and variability in Fc domain function. This volume is a critical single-source reference for researchers in vaccine discovery, immunologists, microbiologists, oncologists and protein engineers as well as graduate students in immunology and vaccinology. Antibodies represent the correlate of protection for numerous vaccines and are the most rapidly growing class of drugs, with applications ranging from cancer and infectious disease to autoimmunity. Researchers have long understood the variable domain of antibodies, which are responsible for antigen recognition, and can provide protection by blocking the function of their target antigen. However, recent developments in our understanding of the protection mediated by antibodies have highlighted the critical nature of the antibody constant, or Fc domain, in the biological activity of antibodies. The Fc domain allows antibodies to link the adaptive and innate immune systems, providing specificity to a wide range of innate effector cells. In addition, they provide a feedback loop to regulate the character of the immune response via interactions with B cells and antigen-presenting cells. - Clarifies the different mechanisms of IgG activity at the level of the different model systems used, including human genetic, mouse, and in vitro - Covers the role of antibodies in cancer, infectious disease, and autoimmunity and in the setting of monoclonal antibody therapy as well as naturally raised antibodies - Color illustrations enhance explanations of the immune system |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Structural Biology in Immunology Chaim Putterman, David Cowburn, Steven Almo, 2018-05-14 Structural Biology in Immunology, Structure/Function of Novel Molecules of Immunologic Importance delivers important information on the structure and functional relationships in novel molecules of immunologic interest. Due to an increasingly sophisticated understanding of the immune system, the approach to the treatment of many immune-mediated diseases, including multiple sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease has been dramatically altered. Furthermore, there is an increasing awareness of the critical role of the immune system in cancer biology. The improved central structure function relationships presented in this book will further enhance our ability to understand what defects in normal individuals can lead to disease. - Describes novel/recently discovered immunomodulatory proteins, including antibodies and co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory molecules - Emphasizes new biologic and small molecule drug design through the exploration of structure-function relationship - Features a collaborative editorial effort, involving clinical immunologists and structural biologists - Provides useful and practical insights on developing the necessary links between basic science and clinical therapy in immunology - Gives interested parties a bridge to learn about computer modeling and structure based design principles |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Developability of Biotherapeutics Sandeep Kumar, Satish Kumar Singh, 2015-11-18 Biopharmaceuticals are emerging as frontline medicines to combat several life-threatening and chronic diseases. However, such medicines are expensive to develop and produce on a commercial scale, contributing to rising healthcare costs. Developability of Biotherapeutics: Computational Approaches describes applications of computational and molecular |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Avian Immunology Bernd Kaspers, Karel A. Schat, 2012-12-02 The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. - With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far - Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors - Contains a wide-ranging review of the ecoimmunology of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Protein Therapeutics Tristan Vaughan, Jane Osbourn, Bahija Jallal, 2017-08-02 In this practice-oriented two volume handbook, professionals from some of the largest biopharmaceutical companies and top academic researchers address the key concepts and challenges in the development of protein pharmaceuticals for medicinal chemists and drug developers of all trades. Following an introduction tracing the rapid development of the protein therapeutics market over the last decade, all currently used therapeutic protein scaffolds are surveyed, from human and non-human antibodies to antibody mimetics, bispecific antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates. This ready reference then goes on to review other key aspects such as pharmacokinetics, safety and immunogenicity, manufacture, formulation and delivery. The handbook then takes a look at current key clinical applications for protein therapeutics, from respiratory and inflammation to oncology and immune-oncology, infectious diseases and rescue therapy. Finally, several exciting prospects for the future of protein therapeutics are highlighted and discussed. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Introduction to Antibody Engineering Florian Rüker, Gordana Wozniak-Knopp, 2021-01-04 This highly readable textbook serves as a concise and engaging primer to the emerging field of antibody engineering and its various applications. It introduces readers to the basic science and molecular structure of antibodies, and explores how to characterize and engineer them. Readers will find an overview of the latest methods in antibody identification, improvement and biochemical engineering. Furthermore, alternative antibody formats and bispecific antibodies are discussed. The book’s content is based on lectures for the specializations “Protein Engineering” and “Medical Biotechnology” within the Master’s curriculum in “Biotechnology.” The lectures have been held at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, in cooperation with the Medical University of Vienna, since 2012 and are continuously adapted to reflect the latest developments in the field. The book addresses Master’s and PhD students in biotechnology, molecular biology and immunology, and all those who are interested in antibody engineering. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Next-Generation Sequencing of Human Antibody Repertoires for Exploring B-cell Landscape, Antibody Discovery and Vaccine Development Jacob Glanville, Prabakaran Ponraj, Gregory C. Ippolito, 2020-08-21 This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Engineering J. Donald Capra, 1997 The last decade has witnessed remarkable developments in antibody research and its therapeutic applications. With the methods of molecular biology it is now possible to manipulate the specificities and activities of antibody molecules to generate an almost limitless array of structures for both basic investigations and the clinical setting. The contributions to this volume cover all three domains of the antibody: the variable regions, the relatively neglected but crucial hinge, and the constant region. These studies provide critical structural and functional information about antibodies, while also pointing the way to the construction of molecules with enhanced or even novel properties. Bringing together major experts on antibody engineering, this book is highly recommended to faculty, postdoctoral fellows and graduate students in molecular biology, microbiology, immunology, cancer research and genetics. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Bispecific Antibodies Roland E. Kontermann, 2011-07-21 The concept of using bispecific antibodies for cancer therapy by retargeting immune effector cells was developed several years ago. Initial clinical studies were rather disappointing mainly due to low efficacy, severe side effects and the immunogenicity of the bispecific antibodies. The progress in antibody engineering finally led to the generation of new classes of bispecific antibodies lacking these obstacles. In addition, new applications were established, such as pre-targeting strategies in radioimmunotherapy and dual targeting approaches in order to improve binding, selectivity and efficacy. In this book, the different ways of generating bispecific antibodies are described, with emphasis on recombinant formats. The various applications of bispecific antibodies, e.g. in cellular cancer immunotherapy, radioimmunotherapy and pretargeting strategies are covered, and emerging applications such as dual targeting strategies, which involve the simultaneous inhibition of two targets, are addressed. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Innovations for Next-Generation Antibody-Drug Conjugates Marc Damelin, 2018-05-29 Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) stand at the verge of a transformation. Scores of clinical programs have yielded only a few regulatory approvals, but a wave of technological innovation now empowers us to overcome past technical challenges. This volume focuses on the next generation of ADCs and the innovations that will enable them. The book inspires the future by integrating the field’s history with novel strategies and cutting-edge technologies. While the book primarily addresses ADCs for solid tumors, the last chapter explores the emerging interest in using ADCs to treat other diseases. The therapeutic rationale of ADCs is strong: to direct small molecules to the desired site of action (and away from normal tissues) by conjugation to antibodies or other targeting moieties. However, the combination of small and large molecules imposes deep complexity to lead optimization, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, analytics and manufacturing. The field has made significant advances in all of these areas by improving target selection, ADC design, manufacturing methods and clinical strategies. These innovations will inspire and educate scientists who are designing next-generation ADCs with the potential to transform the lives of patients. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Therapeutic Antibodies Yuti Chernajovsky, Ahuva Nissim, 2007-11-22 This essential work, edited by two researchers at London’s famous Queen Mary’s medical school targets one of the most important areas in medical development today. These days, antibody therapeutics are the treatment of choice for several autoimmune and oncological conditions. They are, indeed, becoming the molecules of choice for further combination therapies and cell engineering. In this timely work, a slew of expert in the field of drug development summarize all the current developments and clinical successes. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Autoantibodies Yehuda Shoenfeld, Pier Luigi Meroni, M. Eric Gershwin, 2013-11-26 Autoimmune diseases are characterized by the occurrence of antibodies reacting with self-constituents of the body. The fully updated third edition of Autoantibodies is an in-depth review of the main autoantibodies identified up to now, with particular emphasis on those that display a diagnostic or prognostic clinical value. The new edition covers recent scientific advances, diagnostic techniques, and therapeutic technologies. Each chapter is focused on a single family of autoantibodies. This important reference contains historical notes, definitions, origins and sources of antigens recognized genetic associations, mediated pathogenic mechanisms, methods of detection, as well as clinical utility (disease prevalence and association, diagnostic value, sensitivity and specificity, prognostic value). This is an ideal reference for anyone involved in the field of autoimmune diseases. - Presents all known, important autoantibodies in a single source, focusing on the antibodies needed for autoimmune disorder diagnosis - Includes clinical applications for each autoantibody along with general information - Organized by disease and disorder type, by autoantibody family, and completely cross-referenced |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Expression and Production Mohamed Al-Rubeai, 2011-05-16 Engineered antibodies currently represent over 30% of biopharmaceuticals in clinical trials and their total worldwide sales continue to increase significantly. The importance of antibody applications is reflected in their increasing clinical and industrial applications as well as in the progression of established and emerging production strategies. This volume provides detailed coverage of the generation, optimization, characterization, production and applications of antibody. It provides the necessary theoretical background and description of methods for the expression of antibody in microbial and animal cell cultures and in transgenic animals and plants. There is a strong focus on those issues related to the production of intrabodies, bispecific antibody and antibody fragments and also to novel applications in cancer immunotherapy. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Therapeutic Proteins Vladimir Voynov, Justin A. Caravella, 2016-05-01 Emphasizing the newest developments in the field, this volume presents detailed methodswith added emphasison therapeutic protein discovery. It features key tips and valuable implementation advice to ensure successful results. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Development of Antibody-Based Therapeutics Mohammad A. Tabrizi, Gadi G. Bornstein, Scott L. Klakamp, 2018-09-11 With a key focus on recent developments and advances in the field, this book provides in-depth coverage of topics fundamental to the development of targeted therapeutics. The expansion of targeted modalities in rapidly evolving therapeutic areas, such as immune-oncology, and developments with respect to combination therapies, novel technologies, and the therapeutic application of antibody-drug conjugates, are presented. Additionally, the book builds upon topics discussed in the first edition (2012) where recent innovations warrant elaboration. This, the second edition of Development of Antibody-Based Therapeutics: Translational Considerations, represents a comprehensive evaluation of progress in the field, which sits alongside the first edition to inform, in detail, professional and academic researchers, as well as graduate students. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Monoclonal Antibodies Vincent Ossipow, Nicolas Fischer, 2016-08-23 Monoclonal Antibodies: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition expands upon the previous edition with current, detailed modern approaches to isolate and characterize monoclonal antibodies against carefully selected epitopes. This edition includes new chapters covering the key steps to generate high quality monoclonals via different methods, from antigen generation to epitope mapping and quality control of the purified IgG. Chapters are divided into four parts corresponding to four distinct objectives. Part I covers monoclonal antibody generation, Part II deals with monoclonal antibody expression and purification, Part III presents methods for monoclonal antibody characterization and modification, and Part IV describes selected applications of monoclonal antibodies. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Monoclonal Antibodies: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition provides crucial initial steps of monoclonal antibody generation and characterization with state-of-the art protocols. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Essentials of Glycobiology Ajit Varki, Maarten J. Chrispeels, 1999 Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. Essentials of Glycobiology describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Catalytic Antibodies Sudhir Paul, 2000-01-01 This volume addresses fundamental questions concerning the immunological genesis of the catalytic activity in antibodies, its relationship with classical antigen binding activity, and the biochemical mechanisms involved in catalysis. The contents reflect three main challenges in the field, i.e. to delineate the biological functions of catalytic antibodies in autoimmune disease; to isolate therapy-grade antibody catalysts with sufficient specificity and turnover to permit rapid removal of microbial and tumor antigens; and to develop immunogens that recruit immature catalyst-producing B cells into the clonal selection pathway and induce adaptive improvements of the catalytic function. Well-edited and up-to-date, this book reviews the current knowledge in the field and explores ways by which natural and engineered catalytic activities can be harnessed for medical applications. It should therefore be of special interest to immunologists, biochemists, biotechnologists, rheumatologists and pathologists. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Molecular Biology of B Cells Tasuku Honjo, Michael Reth, Andreas Radbruch, Frederick Alt, 2014-12-22 Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is a comprehensive reference to how B cells are generated, selected, activated and engaged in antibody production. All of these developmental and stimulatory processes are described in molecular, immunological, and genetic terms to give a clear understanding of complex phenotypes. Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition offers an integrated view of all aspects of B cells to produce a normal immune response as a constant, and the molecular basis of numerous diseases due to B cell abnormality. The new edition continues its success with updated research on microRNAs in B cell development and immunity, new developments in understanding lymphoma biology, and therapeutic targeting of B cells for clinical application. With updated research and continued comprehensive coverage of all aspects of B cell biology, Molecular Biology of B Cells, Second Edition is the definitive resource, vital for researchers across molecular biology, immunology and genetics. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Molecular Biology of the Cell , 2002 |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Phage Display In Biotechnology and Drug Discovery Sachdev S. Sidhu, Clarence Ronald Geyer, 2005-07-27 The first and only guide to showcase the impact of phage display technology on drug discovery, this reference details the theories, principles, and methods impacting the field and demonstrates applications for peptide phage display, protein phage display, and the development of novel antibodies. Highlighting the current and future role of phage dis |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Engineering Carl A. K. Borrebaeck, 1995 In presenting a practical overview of the engineering of recombinant human or mouse monoclonal antibodies, the book incisively addresses essential topics such as antibody structure relevant to engineering, recombinatorial cDNA libraries, phage display, synthetic and humanized antibodies, engineering of affinity and biological effector functions, and plant, mammalian, and bacterial expression vectors and hosts. Antibody Engineering, Second Edition - written by leading experts and now thoroughly updated - is a unique resource for current information on the subject. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Monoclonal Antibody Production National Research Council, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Committee on Methods of Producing Monoclonal Antibodies, 1999-05-06 The American Anti-Vivisection Society (AAVS) petitioned the National Institutes of Health (NIH) on April 23, 1997, to prohibit the use of animals in the production of mAb. On September 18, 1997, NIH declined to prohibit the use of mice in mAb production, stating that the ascites method of mAb production is scientifically appropriate for some research projects and cannot be replaced. On March 26, 1998, AAVS submitted a second petition, stating that NIH failed to provide valid scientific reasons for not supporting a proposed ban. The office of the NIH director asked the National Research Council to conduct a study of methods of producing mAb. In response to that request, the Research Council appointed the Committee on Methods of Producing Monoclonal Antibodies, to act on behalf of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the Commission on Life Sciences, to conduct the study. The 11 expert members of the committee had extensive experience in biomedical research, laboratory animal medicine, animal welfare, pain research, and patient advocacy (Appendix B). The committee was asked to determine whether there was a scientific necessity for the mouse ascites method; if so, whether the method caused pain or distress; and, if so, what could be done to minimize the pain or distress. The committee was also asked to comment on available in vitro methods; to suggest what acceptable scientific rationale, if any, there was for using the mouse ascites method; and to identify regulatory requirements for the continued use of the mouse ascites method. The committee held an open data-gathering meeting during which its members summarized data bearing on those questions. A 1-day workshop (Appendix A) was attended by 34 participants, 14 of whom made formal presentations. A second meeting was held to finalize the report. The present report was written on the basis of information in the literature and information presented at the meeting and the workshop. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Glycosylation Marija Pezer, 2021-10-22 This book summarizes recent advances in antibody glycosylation research. Covering major topics relevant for immunoglobulin glycosylation - analytical methods, biosynthesis and regulation, modulation of effector functions - it provides new perspectives for research and development in the field of therapeutic antibodies, biomarkers, vaccinations, and immunotherapy. Glycans attached to both variable and constant regions of antibodies are known to affect the antibody conformation, stability, and effector functions. Although it focuses on immunoglobulin G (IgG), the most explored antibody in this context, and unravels the natural phenomena resulting from the mixture of IgG glycovariants present in the human body, the book also discusses other classes of human immunoglobulins, as well as immunoglobulins produced in other species and production systems. Further, it reviews the glycoanalytical methods applied to antibodies and addresses a range of less commonly explored topics, such as automatization and bioinformatics aspects of high-throughput antibody glycosylation analysis. Lastly, the book highlights application areas ranging from the ones already benefitting from antibody glycoengineering (such as monoclonal antibody production), to those still in the research stages (such as exploration of antibody glycosylation as a clinical or biological age biomarker), and the potential use of antibody glycosylation in the optimization of vaccine production and immunization protocols. Summarizing the current knowledge on the broad topic of antibody glycosylation and its therapeutic and biomarker potential, this book will appeal to a wide biomedical readership in academia and industry alike. Chapter 4 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Prognostic Epigenetics , 2019-11-04 This volume provides comprehensive information on how mapping an individual's epigenome can be medically relevant and holds the potential to improve preventive medicine and precision therapeutics at an early-stage (prior to disease onset). In order to advance clinical adoption of the recently developed epigenetic approaches, it is necessary for translational scientists, clinicians, and students to gain a better understanding about epigenetic mechanisms that are associated with a particular disorder; and to be able to effectively identify biomarkers that can be applied in drug development and for better diagnosis and prognosis of diseases. Prognostic Epigenetics is the most-inclusive volume to-date specifically dedicated to epigenetic markers that have been developed for prognosis of diseases, recent advances in this field, the clinical implementation of this research, and the future outlook. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Electrochemical Sensors, Biosensors and their Biomedical Applications Xueji Zhang, Huangxian Ju, Joseph Wang, 2011-04-28 This book broadly reviews the modem techniques and significant applications of chemical sensors and biosensors. Chapters are written by experts in the field – including Professor Joseph Wang, the most cited scientist in the world and renowned expert on sensor science who is also co-editor. Each chapter provides technical details beyond the level found in typical journal articles, and explores the application of chemical sensors and biosensors to a significant problem in biomedical science, also providing a prospectus for the future.This book compiles the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of chemical sensors and biosensors including nitric oxide sensors, glucose sensors, DNA sensors, hydrogen sulfide sensors, oxygen sensors, superoxide sensors, immuno sensors, lab on chip, implatable microsensors, et al. Emphasis is laid on practical problems, ranging from chemical application to biomedical monitoring and from in vitro to in vivo, from single cell to animal to human measurement. This provides the unique opportunity of exchanging and combining the expertise of otherwise apparently unrelated disciplines of chemistry, biological engineering, and electronic engineering, medical, physiological. - Provides user-oriented guidelines for the proper choice and application of new chemical sensors and biosensors - Details new methodological advancements related to and correlated with the measurement of interested species in biomedical samples - Contains many case studies to illustrate the range of application and importance of the chemical sensors and biosensors |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Therapeutic Fc-Fusion Proteins Steven M. Chamow, Thomas Ryll, Henry B. Lowman, Deborah Farson, 2013-12-18 Edited by three pioneers in the field, each with longstanding experience in the biotech industry, and a skilled scientific writer, this is the first book to cover every step in the development and production of immunoglobulin Fc-fusion proteins as therapeutics for human disease: from choosing the right molecular design, to pre-clinical characterization of the purified product, through to batch optimization and quality control for large-scale cGMP production. The whole of the second part is devoted to case studies of Fc-fusion proteins that are now commercially successful products. In this section, the authors, several of whom were personally involved in clinical development of the products themselves, detail the product?s background and give insight into issues that were faced and how these issues were overcome during clinical development. This section also includes a chapter on promising new developments for the future. An invaluable resource for professionals already working on Fc-fusion proteins and an excellent and thorough introduction for physicians, researchers, and students entering the field. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Antibody Engineering Thomas Böldicke, 2018-02-21 Antibody Engineering comprises in vitro selection and modification of human antibodies including humanization of mouse antibodies for therapy, diagnosis, and research. This book comprises an overview about the generation of antibody diversity and essential techniques in antibody engineering: construction of immune, naive and synthetic libraries, all available in vitro display methods, humanization by chain shuffling, affinity maturation techniques, de novo synthesis of antibody genes, colony assays for library screening, construction of scFvs from hybridomas, and purification of monoclonal antibodies by exclusion chromatography. In addition, other topics that are discussed in this book are application and mechanism of single domain antibodies, structural diversity of antibodies, immune-mediated skin reactions induced by TNF-alpha recombinant antibodies, and bioinformatic approaches to select pathogen-derived peptide sequences for antibody targets. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Artificial Immune Systems and Their Applications Dipankar Dasgupta, 2012-12-06 This is a pioneering work on the emerging field of artificial immune systems-highly distributed systems based on the principles of the natural system. Like artificial neural networks, artificial immune systems can learn new information and recall previously learned information. This book provides an overview of artificial immune systems, explaining its applications in areas such as immunological memory, anomaly detection algorithms, and modeling the effects of prior infection on vaccine efficacy. |
| affinity maturation antibody engineering: Yeast Cell Surface Engineering Mitsuyoshi Ueda, 2019-04-23 This book provides a detailed and up-to-date overview of all aspects of yeast cell surface engineering, including fundamental principles, practical strategies for the construction of engineered yeasts, as well as medical and industrial applications. The technique makes it possible to add eukaryotic modifications to the surface-displayed proteins/peptides, which is of significant value in basic and applied research. Generally referred to as an arming (molecular display) technology, it allows yeast to be used as a whole-cell biocatalyst for a range of purposes, including bio-energy production, pollutant removal, recovery of rare metal ions, and preparation of functional cells, all of which are comprehensively covered in the book. Among the medical applications discussed are in vitro antibody preparation and the production of oral vaccines. In addition, it presents the latest advances in protein engineering and high-throughput screening for directed evolution of enzymes. The book enables graduate students and researchers to gain a deeper, comprehensive understanding of the technology, and offers further inspiration for researchers and industrial experts in this rapidly evolving field. |
Antibody affinity engineering using antibody repertoire data …
Jan 10, 2025 · In this study, we utilize antibody repertoire data, affinity characterization and ML for antibody affinity engineering. Leveraging natural antibody sequence information from …
Benchmark for Antibody Binding Affinity Maturation and Design
Jun 6, 2025 · This study introduces AbBiBench, a biologically relevant and structurally informed benchmarking framework for antibody binding afinity maturation and optimization.
Affinity Maturation: Antibody single-state desi
Tutorial ple of an antibody single-state design experiment. The goal of this experiment is to take a previously crystallized antibody-antigen complex and optimize the an ibody sequence for …
Affinity Maturation Enhances Antibody Specificity but …
Shehata et al. analyze the biophysical properties of human antibodies derived from multiple B cell subsets and find that somatic hypermutation is associated with increased antibody specificity …
Affinity Maturation by CDR Targeted Protein Engineering
HuTARGTM Library Generation Pre-recombination In vivo, affinity maturation secondary lymphoid organs where low affinity fully germline antibodies are matured via somatic hypermutation. …
Deep learning guided high-throughput virtual screening for in …
Abstract: Antibody affinity maturation is a crucial step in therapeutic antibody discovery. In this study, we present a virtual screening pipeline that integrates protein docking with deep …
Antibody Affinity Maturation and Optimization
AvantGen’s proprietary antibody affinity maturation and optimization platform is comprised of a comprehensive human antibody database that informs the rapid design of focused libraries …
Reducing Screening Burden in Antibody Engineering through …
Here, we showcase a case study for application of our precision mutant libraries in affinity maturation of a monoclonal antibody with an initial affinity of 0.539 nM to a mutant with.
Affinity Maturation of Antibodies Assisted by in Silico Modeling
In vitro affinity methodology to TA4 scFv, displaying only a weak overall affinity maturation by somatic hypermutation yields, as a rule, mutations for gastrin17 (KD = 6 ,M), resulted in a set …
ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES - genscriptprobio
Affinity Maturation 30+ affinity maturation projects delivered As fast as 8 weeks to deliver your antibody sequences with desired affinity
A Large Language Model Guides the Affinity Maturation of …
Dec 19, 2024 · Here we introduce Ab-Afinity, a new large language model in conjunction with a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for diversity generation and fitness optimization, …
Fast-tracking antibody maturation using a B cell-based …
Afinity maturation, an essential component of antibody engineering, is crucial for developing therapeutic antibodies. Cell display system coupled with somatic hypermutation (SHM) …
Antibody optimization enabled by artificial intelligence …
We show that models can 32 quantitatively predict binding affinities of unseen antibody variants with high accuracy, 33 enabling virtual screenings and augmenting the accessible sequence …
Experimentally guided computational antibody affinity …
Here, we show an example of successful in silico affinity maturation of a hybridoma derived antibody, AB1, using just a homology model of the antibody fragment variable region and a …
AffinityFlow: Guided Flows for Antibody Affinity Maturation
Feb 17, 2025 · This paper explores a sequence-only scenario for afinity maturation, using solely antibody and antigen sequences. Recently Al-phaFlow wraps AlphaFold within flow matching …
Affinity and Specificity Maturation by CDR Walking - Springer
R. Kontermann et al. (eds.), Antibody Engineering Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
AIntibody: an experimentally validated in silico antibody …
Numerous companies and academic groups claim AI/ML solutions to affinity maturation, antibody developability and de novo antibody and library design.
Affinity maturation and developability optimization using …
Specifica, a Q2 Solutions company, improves the afinity and developability of client-supplied antibodies — guaranteeing at least ten-fold affinity increases — while simultaneously …
Optimizing antibody affinity and stability by the automated
We applied AbLIFT to two unrelated antibodies targeting the human antigens VEGF and QSOX1. Strik-ingly, the designs improved stability, affinity, and expression yields. The results provide …
Affinity maturation of antibodies assisted by in silico …
Rational engineering methods can be applied with reasonable success to optimize physicochemical characteristics of proteins, in particular, antibodies. Here, we describe a …
Antibody affinity engineering using antibody repertoire …
Jan 10, 2025 · In this study, we utilize antibody repertoire data, affinity characterization and ML for antibody affinity engineering. Leveraging natural antibody sequence information from …
Benchmark for Antibody Binding Affinity Maturation and …
Jun 6, 2025 · This study introduces AbBiBench, a biologically relevant and structurally informed benchmarking framework for antibody binding afinity maturation and optimization.
Affinity Maturation: Antibody single-state desi
Tutorial ple of an antibody single-state design experiment. The goal of this experiment is to take a previously crystallized antibody-antigen complex and optimize the an ibody sequence for …
Affinity Maturation Enhances Antibody Specificity but …
Shehata et al. analyze the biophysical properties of human antibodies derived from multiple B cell subsets and find that somatic hypermutation is associated with increased antibody specificity …
Affinity Maturation by CDR Targeted Protein Engineering
HuTARGTM Library Generation Pre-recombination In vivo, affinity maturation secondary lymphoid organs where low affinity fully germline antibodies are matured via somatic hypermutation. …
Deep learning guided high-throughput virtual screening for in …
Abstract: Antibody affinity maturation is a crucial step in therapeutic antibody discovery. In this study, we present a virtual screening pipeline that integrates protein docking with deep …
Antibody Affinity Maturation and Optimization
AvantGen’s proprietary antibody affinity maturation and optimization platform is comprised of a comprehensive human antibody database that informs the rapid design of focused libraries …
Reducing Screening Burden in Antibody Engineering …
Here, we showcase a case study for application of our precision mutant libraries in affinity maturation of a monoclonal antibody with an initial affinity of 0.539 nM to a mutant with.
Affinity Maturation of Antibodies Assisted by in Silico …
In vitro affinity methodology to TA4 scFv, displaying only a weak overall affinity maturation by somatic hypermutation yields, as a rule, mutations for gastrin17 (KD = 6 ,M), resulted in a set …
ANTIBODY ENGINEERING SERVICES - genscriptprobio
Affinity Maturation 30+ affinity maturation projects delivered As fast as 8 weeks to deliver your antibody sequences with desired affinity
A Large Language Model Guides the Affinity Maturation of …
Dec 19, 2024 · Here we introduce Ab-Afinity, a new large language model in conjunction with a genetic algorithm and simulated annealing for diversity generation and fitness optimization, …
Fast-tracking antibody maturation using a B cell-based …
Afinity maturation, an essential component of antibody engineering, is crucial for developing therapeutic antibodies. Cell display system coupled with somatic hypermutation (SHM) …
Antibody optimization enabled by artificial intelligence …
We show that models can 32 quantitatively predict binding affinities of unseen antibody variants with high accuracy, 33 enabling virtual screenings and augmenting the accessible sequence …
Experimentally guided computational antibody affinity …
Here, we show an example of successful in silico affinity maturation of a hybridoma derived antibody, AB1, using just a homology model of the antibody fragment variable region and a …
AffinityFlow: Guided Flows for Antibody Affinity Maturation
Feb 17, 2025 · This paper explores a sequence-only scenario for afinity maturation, using solely antibody and antigen sequences. Recently Al-phaFlow wraps AlphaFold within flow matching …
Affinity and Specificity Maturation by CDR Walking - Springer
R. Kontermann et al. (eds.), Antibody Engineering Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
AIntibody: an experimentally validated in silico antibody …
Numerous companies and academic groups claim AI/ML solutions to affinity maturation, antibody developability and de novo antibody and library design.
Affinity maturation and developability optimization using …
Specifica, a Q2 Solutions company, improves the afinity and developability of client-supplied antibodies — guaranteeing at least ten-fold affinity increases — while simultaneously …
Optimizing antibody affinity and stability by the automated …
We applied AbLIFT to two unrelated antibodies targeting the human antigens VEGF and QSOX1. Strik-ingly, the designs improved stability, affinity, and expression yields. The results provide …
Affinity maturation of antibodies assisted by in silico …
Rational engineering methods can be applied with reasonable success to optimize physicochemical characteristics of proteins, in particular, antibodies. Here, we describe a …
