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# African Scientists in History: A Legacy of Innovation and Perseverance
Author: Dr. Anika Ntiamoah, PhD in History of Science, specializing in the contributions of African scholars and inventors. Dr. Ntiamoah has spent over 15 years researching and lecturing on African science and technology, and is the author of several books including "Hidden Figures of Africa: Untold Stories of Scientific Achievement." Her experience conducting fieldwork in various African archives and her deep understanding of the socio-political context surrounding scientific development in Africa lends significant credibility to her analysis.
Keywords: African scientists in history, African innovation, history of science in Africa, African contributions to science, unsung heroes of science, African technology, black scientists, science in Africa.
Introduction: Unveiling the Untold Stories of African Scientists in History
The narrative of science and technology is often presented as a Eurocentric story, overlooking the significant contributions of African scientists throughout history. This article aims to redress this imbalance by exploring the rich and often hidden history of African scientists in history, examining their achievements, the challenges they faced, and the ongoing relevance of their work. We will delve into the historical context shaping their endeavors, analyzing both the triumphs and the systemic obstacles that hindered wider recognition of their intellectual contributions. Understanding the history of African scientists in history is crucial to fostering a more inclusive and accurate understanding of scientific progress globally.
The Ancient Roots of African Science and Technology
Long before European colonial expansion, sophisticated scientific and technological advancements flourished across the African continent. Ancient Egypt, for example, boasts remarkable achievements in mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and engineering. The pyramids, a testament to their advanced architectural and engineering skills, stand as enduring symbols of their ingenuity. Similarly, the sophisticated mathematical systems used in ancient Nubia and the advanced metallurgical skills of ancient civilizations in West Africa demonstrate a deep-seated understanding of scientific principles. The legacy of African scientists in history from this era is often overlooked, yet it laid a crucial foundation for subsequent scientific developments.
The Impact of Colonialism and its Legacy
The arrival of European colonialism significantly impacted the trajectory of scientific development in Africa. Colonial powers often suppressed indigenous knowledge systems and redirected resources towards extractive industries, hindering the growth of indigenous scientific institutions and the recognition of African scientists in history. Many brilliant minds were forced to work within the constraints of colonial structures, their contributions often misattributed or ignored. This period, however, also saw the emergence of remarkable individuals who persevered despite the immense challenges, making significant contributions to various fields while actively fighting against colonial oppression.
African Scientists in the 20th and 21st Centuries: A Renaissance
Despite the persistent challenges, the 20th and 21st centuries have witnessed a resurgence in scientific activity across Africa. Many African scientists have made groundbreaking contributions to fields ranging from medicine and agriculture to mathematics and engineering. The work of Dr. Christiaan Barnard, the pioneering heart transplant surgeon, stands out as a testament to the incredible potential of African scientists in history. The rise of institutions dedicated to scientific research across the continent further underscores this resurgence. The increasing recognition of the contributions of African scientists in history is also fostering a renewed sense of pride and inspiring a new generation of researchers.
The Importance of Recognizing African Contributions to Science
Recognizing the achievements of African scientists in history is not merely an act of historical rectification but is essential for several reasons. First, it provides a more complete and accurate picture of the development of science and technology globally. Second, it challenges the dominant narratives that often marginalize the contributions of non-European scientists. Third, and perhaps most importantly, it serves as a powerful source of inspiration for young African scientists, demonstrating that scientific excellence can flourish even in the face of adversity. Understanding the history of African scientists in history fosters diversity in STEM fields, creating a more inclusive and equitable scientific community.
Conclusion
The journey of African scientists in history is a testament to human ingenuity, perseverance, and the enduring power of knowledge. From the ancient wonders of Egypt to the groundbreaking advancements of contemporary researchers, Africa’s contributions to science and technology have been both profound and enduring. By acknowledging and celebrating their achievements, we foster a more accurate understanding of scientific progress and inspire future generations to push the boundaries of human knowledge. The ongoing struggle for equitable representation and access to resources remains crucial in ensuring the continued flourishing of scientific innovation across the African continent.
FAQs
1. Who are some prominent African scientists in history? Prominent figures include Dr. Christiaan Barnard, Wangari Maathai, and numerous mathematicians, engineers, and medical researchers whose contributions often remain less publicized in mainstream narratives.
2. What were the major challenges faced by African scientists historically? These included colonial oppression, limited access to resources, funding constraints, and systemic biases within the global scientific community.
3. How can we promote the recognition of African scientists in history? Through educational initiatives, targeted research projects, and dedicated museums and archives focused on showcasing African contributions.
4. What are some current research areas being pursued by African scientists? Research varies widely, encompassing areas like infectious diseases, climate change, sustainable agriculture, and renewable energy.
5. How has the global scientific community responded to the underrepresentation of African scientists? Efforts include increased funding for research in Africa, the establishment of collaborative research programs, and initiatives to promote diversity and inclusion.
6. What is the role of indigenous knowledge systems in African science? Indigenous knowledge plays a vital role, providing valuable insights into local contexts, ecosystems, and sustainable practices, often integrating traditional knowledge with modern scientific methodologies.
7. Are there significant differences in the types of scientific research conducted in different regions of Africa? Yes, research priorities are significantly influenced by local contexts, available resources, and pressing societal needs.
8. How are African universities and research institutions contributing to scientific advancement? Many are actively involved in research, education, and collaboration with international institutions.
9. What is the future outlook for African science and technology? The future is bright with a growing number of highly skilled scientists and a strengthening research infrastructure, though sustained investment and support are crucial.
Related Articles
1. "The Legacy of Ancient Egyptian Science": Explores the mathematical, astronomical, and medical advancements of ancient Egypt.
2. "African Contributions to Mathematics: A Historical Overview": Details the significant contributions of African mathematicians throughout history.
3. "Wangari Maathai and the Green Belt Movement": Profiles the Nobel Peace Prize laureate's work in environmental conservation.
4. "The Untold Stories of African Women in Science": Highlights the achievements of female African scientists often overlooked in historical accounts.
5. "Modern Advances in African Medical Research": Focuses on current research breakthroughs in the field of medicine across Africa.
6. "African Innovation in Sustainable Agriculture": Examines innovative agricultural practices and technologies developed in Africa.
7. "The Role of Technology in Combating Infectious Diseases in Africa": Discusses the use of technology to tackle major health challenges.
8. "African Scientists and the Challenges of Climate Change": Investigates the work of scientists addressing climate change impacts on the continent.
9. "Funding and Support for Scientific Research in Africa": Analyzes the funding landscape and challenges related to supporting scientific research in Africa.
Publisher: Routledge, a leading academic publisher with a strong history of publishing works on the history of science and African studies. Their expertise in these areas lends credibility to the publication of this article.
Editor: Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, PhD in African History, with expertise in post-colonial studies and the impact of colonialism on scientific development in Africa. His editorial oversight ensures the article's historical accuracy and contextual awareness.
| african scientists in history: Black Pioneers of Science and Invention Louis Haber, 1991 Traces the lives of fourteen black scientists and inventors who have made significant contributions in the various fields of science and industry. |
| african scientists in history: The Next Generation of Scientists in Africa Beaudry, Catherine, Mouton, Johann, 2018-11-23 Young scientists are a powerful resource for change and sustainable development, as they drive innovation and knowledge creation. However, comparable findings on young scientists in various countries, especially in Africa and developing regions, are generally sparse. Therefore, empirical knowledge on the state of early-career scientists is critical in order to address current challenges faced by those scientists in Africa. This book reports on the main findings of a three-and-a-half-year international project in order to assist its readers in better understanding the African research system in general, and more specifically its young scientists. The first part of the book provides background on the state of science in Africa, and bibliometric findings concerning Africa’s scientific production and networks, for the period 2005 to 2015. The second part of the book combines the findings of a large-scale, quantitative survey and more than 200 qualitative interviews to provide a detailed profile of young scientists and the barriers they face in terms of five aspects of their careers: research output; funding; mobility; collaboration; and mentoring. In each case, field and gender differences are also taken into account. The last part of the book comprises conclusions and recommendations to relevant policy- and decision-makers on desirable changes to current research systems in Africa. |
| african scientists in history: African American Scientists and Inventors Tish Davidson, 2014-09-02 Some of them were elementary school dropouts. Others became medical doctors or college professors. Some were famous, while some toiled in obscurity. Some became rich. Others remained poor their whole lives. But the African-American scientists and inventors profiled in this book had one thing in common: a determination to succeed. And in pursuing their dreams, these creative thinkers made the world a better place. Lewis Latimer devised a manufacturing process that made electric lights affordable for ordinary people. Charles Drew did pioneering work in blood storage, helping save countless lives. Garrett Woods figured out how to send messages from moving trains. Learn about these and many other black scientists and inventors in this fascinating book. |
| african scientists in history: Ezumezu Jonathan O. Chimakonam, 2019-03-05 The issue of a logic foundation for African thought connects well with the question of method. Do we need new methods for African philosophy and studies? Or, are the methods of Western thought adequate for African intellectual space? These questions are not some of the easiest to answer because they lead straight to the question of whether or not a logic tradition from African intellectual space is possible. Thus in charting the course of future direction in African philosophy and studies, one must be confronted with this question of logic. The author boldly takes up this challenge and becomes the first to do so in a book by introducing new concepts and formulating a new African culture-inspired system of logic called Ezumezu which he believes would ground new methods in African philosophy and studies. He develops this system to rescue African philosophy and, by extension, sundry fields in African Indigenous Knowledge Systems from the spell of Plato and the hegemony of Aristotle. African philosophers can now ground their discourses in Ezumezu logic which will distinguish their philosophy as a tradition in its own right. On the whole, the book engages with some of the lingering controversies in the idea of (an) African logic before unveiling Ezumezu as a philosophy of logic, methodology and formal system. The book also provides fresh arguments and insights on the themes of decolonisation and Africanisation for the intellectual transformation of scholarship in Africa. It will appeal to philosophers and logicians—undergraduates and post graduate researchers—as well as those in various areas of African studies. |
| african scientists in history: Making Black Scientists Marybeth Gasman, Nguyen Thai-Huy, 2019-08-13 Americans have access to some of the best science education in the world, but too often black students are excluded from these opportunities. This essential book by leading voices in the field of education reform offers an inspiring vision of how America’s universities can guide a new generation of African Americans to success in science. Educators, research scientists, and college administrators have all called for a new commitment to diversity in the sciences, but most universities struggle to truly support black students in these fields. Historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are different, though. Marybeth Gasman, widely celebrated as an education-reform visionary, and Thai-Huy Nguyen show that many HBCUs have proven adept at helping their students achieve in the sciences. There is a lot we can learn from these exemplary schools. Gasman and Nguyen explore ten innovative schools that have increased the number of black students studying science and improved those students’ performance. Educators on these campuses have a keen sense of their students’ backgrounds and circumstances, familiarity that helps their science departments avoid the high rates of attrition that plague departments elsewhere. The most effective science programs at HBCUs emphasize teaching when considering whom to hire and promote, encourage students to collaborate rather than compete, and offer more opportunities for black students to find role models among both professors and peers. Making Black Scientists reveals the secrets to these institutions’ striking successes and shows how other colleges and universities can follow their lead. The result is a bold new agenda for institutions that want to better serve African American students. |
| african scientists in history: Black Women Scientists in the United States Wini Warren, 1999 Biographical information includes women in the fields of anatomy, astronautics and space science, anthropology, biochemistry, biology, botany, chemistry, geology, marine biology, mathematics, medicine, nutrition, pharmacology, psychology, physics, and zoology. |
| african scientists in history: Black People Invented Everything Dr. Sujan K. Dass, 2020-02-01 Who invented the traffic light? What about transportation itself? Farming? Art? Modern chemistry? Who made…cats? What if I told you there was ONE answer to all of these questions? That one answer? BLACK PEOPLE! Seriously. And this book is like a mini-encyclopedia, full of more evidence than WikiLeaks and just as eye-opening! Do you know just how much Black inventors and creators have given to modern society? Within the past 200 years, Black Americans have drawn on a timeless well of inner genius to innovate and engineer the design of the world we live in today. But what of all the Black history before then? Before white people invented the Patent Office, Black folks were the original creators and builders, developing ingenious ways to manage the world’s changes over millions of years, everywhere you can imagine, from Azerbaijan to Zagazig! With wit and wisdom (and tons of pictures!) this book digs deeper than the whitewashed history we learn in school books and explores how our African ancestors established the foundation of modern society! Have you inherited this genius? What can you do with it? Inspired by solutions from the past, we can develop strategies for a successful future! |
| african scientists in history: Fugitive Science Britt Rusert, 2017-04-18 Honorable Mention, 2019 MLA Prize for a First Book Sole Finalist Mention for the 2018 Lora Romero First Book Prize, presented by the American Studies Association Exposes the influential work of a group of black artists to confront and refute scientific racism. Traversing the archives of early African American literature, performance, and visual culture, Britt Rusert uncovers the dynamic experiments of a group of black writers, artists, and performers. Fugitive Science chronicles a little-known story about race and science in America. While the history of scientific racism in the nineteenth century has been well-documented, there was also a counter-movement of African Americans who worked to refute its claims. Far from rejecting science, these figures were careful readers of antebellum science who linked diverse fields—from astronomy to physiology—to both on-the-ground activism and more speculative forms of knowledge creation. Routinely excluded from institutions of scientific learning and training, they transformed cultural spaces like the page, the stage, the parlor, and even the pulpit into laboratories of knowledge and experimentation. From the recovery of neglected figures like Robert Benjamin Lewis, Hosea Easton, and Sarah Mapps Douglass, to new accounts of Martin Delany, Henry Box Brown, and Frederick Douglass, Fugitive Science makes natural science central to how we understand the origins and development of African American literature and culture. This distinct and pioneering book will spark interest from anyone wishing to learn more on race and society. |
| african scientists in history: The Green Belt Movement Wangari Maathai, 2003 Wangari Maathai, founder of The Green Belt Movement, tells its story including the philosophy behind it, its challenges, and objectives. |
| african scientists in history: Black Women in Science Kimberly Brown Pellum, 2022-05-24 Learn about amazing Black women in science--15 fascinating biographies for kids 9 to 12 Throughout history, Black women have blazed trails across the fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Black Women in Science brings something special to black history books for kids, celebrating incredible Black women in STEM who have used their brains, bravery, and ambition to beat the odds. Black Women in Science stands out amongst other Black history books for kids―featuring 15 powerful stories of fearless female scientists that advanced their STEM fields and fought to build a legacy. Through the triumphs of these amazing women, you'll find remarkable role models. Black Women in Science goes where Black history books for kids have never gone before, including: Above and beyond―Soar over adversity with Mae Jemison, Annie Easley, and Bessie Coleman. Part of the solution―Discover the power of mathematics with Katherine Johnson and Gladys West. The doctor is in―Explore a life of healing with Mamie Phipps Clark, Jane Cooke Wright, and many more. Find the inspiration to blaze your own trail in Black Women in Science―maybe your adventure will be the next chapter in Black history books for kids. |
| african scientists in history: Blacks in Science Ivan Van Sertima, 1983 Providing an overview of the lost sciences of Africa and of contributions that blacks have made to modern American science, Blacks in Science presents a range of new information from Africanists. The book also includes bibliographical guides that are crucial to further research and teaching. The lineaments of a lost science are now emerging and we can glimpse some of the once buried reefs of this remarkable civilization. A lot more remains to be revealed. But enough has been found in the past few years to make it quite clear that the finest heart of the African world receded into the shadow while its broken bones were put on spectacular display. The image of the African, therefore, has been built up so far upon his lowest common denominator. In the new vision of the ancestor, we need to turn our eyes away from the periphery of the primitive to the more dynamic source of genius in the heartland of the African world. -- Ivan Van Sertima |
| african scientists in history: Sisters in Science Diann Jordan, 2006 Author Diann Jordan took a journey to find out what inspired and daunted black women in their desire to become scientists in America. Letting 18 prominent black women scientists talk for themselves, Sisters in Science becomes an oral history stretching across decades and disciplines and desires. From Yvonne Clark, the first black woman to be awarded a B.S. in mechanical engineering to Georgia Dunston, a microbiologist who is researching the genetic code for her race, to Shirley Jackson, whose aspiration led to the presidency of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Jordan has created a significant record of women who persevered to become firsts in many of their fields. It all began for Jordan when she was asked to give a presentation on black women scientists. She found little information and little help. After almost nine years of work, the stories of black women scientists can finally be told. |
| african scientists in history: Black Apollo of Science Kenneth R. Manning, 1985-01-03 This biography illuminates the racial attitudes of an elite group of American scientists and foundation officers. It is the story of a complex and unhappy man. It blends social, institutional, black, and political history with the history of science. |
| african scientists in history: Bitter Roots Abena Dove Osseo-Asare, 2014-01-13 For over a century, plant specialists worldwide have sought to transform healing plants in African countries into pharmaceuticals. And for equally as long, conflicts over these medicinal plants have endured, from stolen recipes and toxic tonics to unfulfilled promises of laboratory equipment and usurped personal patents. In Bitter Roots, Abena Dove Osseo-Asare draws on publicly available records and extensive interviews with scientists and healers in Ghana, Madagascar, and South Africa to interpret how African scientists and healers, rural communities, and drug companies—including Pfizer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, and Unilever—have sought since the 1880s to develop drugs from Africa’s medicinal plants. Osseo-Asare recalls the efforts to transform six plants into pharmaceuticals: rosy periwinkle, Asiatic pennywort, grains of paradise, Strophanthus, Cryptolepis, and Hoodia. Through the stories of each plant, she shows that herbal medicine and pharmaceutical chemistry have simultaneous and overlapping histories that cross geographic boundaries. At the same time, Osseo-Asare sheds new light on how various interests have tried to manage the rights to these healing plants and probes the challenges associated with assigning ownership to plants and their biochemical components. A fascinating examination of the history of medicine in colonial and postcolonial Africa, Bitter Roots will be indispensable for scholars of Africa; historians interested in medicine, biochemistry, and society; and policy makers concerned with drug access and patent rights. |
| african scientists in history: Evidence, Ethos and Experiment P. Wenzel Geissler, Catherine Molyneux, 2011-09-01 Medical research has been central to biomedicine in Africa for over a century, and Africa, along with other tropical areas, has been crucial to the development of medical science. At present, study populations in Africa participate in an increasing number of medical research projects and clinical trials, run by both public institutions and private companies. Global debates about the politics and ethics of this research are growing and local concerns are prompting calls for social studies of the “trial communities” produced by this scientific work. Drawing on rich, ethnographic and historiographic material, this volume represents the emergent field of anthropological inquiry that links Africanist ethnography to recent concerns with science, the state, and the culture of late capitalism in Africa. |
| african scientists in history: Medical Apartheid Harriet A. Washington, 2008-01-08 NATIONAL BOOK CRITICS CIRCLE AWARD WINNER • The first full history of Black America’s shocking mistreatment as unwilling and unwitting experimental subjects at the hands of the medical establishment. No one concerned with issues of public health and racial justice can afford not to read this masterful book. [Washington] has unearthed a shocking amount of information and shaped it into a riveting, carefully documented book. —New York Times From the era of slavery to the present day, starting with the earliest encounters between Black Americans and Western medical researchers and the racist pseudoscience that resulted, Medical Apartheid details the ways both slaves and freedmen were used in hospitals for experiments conducted without their knowledge—a tradition that continues today within some black populations. It reveals how Blacks have historically been prey to grave-robbing as well as unauthorized autopsies and dissections. Moving into the twentieth century, it shows how the pseudoscience of eugenics and social Darwinism was used to justify experimental exploitation and shoddy medical treatment of Blacks. Shocking new details about the government’s notorious Tuskegee experiment are revealed, as are similar, less-well-known medical atrocities conducted by the government, the armed forces, prisons, and private institutions. The product of years of prodigious research into medical journals and experimental reports long undisturbed, Medical Apartheid reveals the hidden underbelly of scientific research and makes possible, for the first time, an understanding of the roots of the African American health deficit. At last, it provides the fullest possible context for comprehending the behavioral fallout that has caused Black Americans to view researchers—and indeed the whole medical establishment—with such deep distrust. |
| african scientists in history: Inspiring African-American Inventors Jeff C. Young, 2009-04-01 Presents the lives and accomplishments of nine African American inventors whose inventions changed the world, including Howard Latimer, George Washington Carver, and Madam C.J. Walker. |
| african scientists in history: Black Heroes Jessie Carney Smith, 2001 Now available for the first time in paperback, Black Heroes is a who's who of 150 individuals who have made a lasting and profound impact on our culture, from W.E.B. Du Bois to Colin Powell, from Rosa Parks to Maya Angelou. 215 photos. |
| african scientists in history: Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century James H. Kessler, J. S. Kidd, Renee A. Kidd, Katherine A. Morin, 1996-01-08 From George Washington Carver to Dr. Mae Jemison, African Americans have been making outstanding contributions in the field of science. This unique resource goes beyond the headlines in chronicling not just the scientific achievements but also the lives of 100 remarkable men and women. Each biography provides an absorbing account of the scientist's struggles, which often included overcoming prejudice, as they pursued their educational and professional goals. |
| african scientists in history: A Century of Nature Laura Garwin, Tim Lincoln, 2010-03-15 Many of the scientific breakthroughs of the twentieth century were first reported in the journal Nature. A Century of Nature brings together in one volume Nature's greatest hits—reproductions of seminal contributions that changed science and the world, accompanied by essays written by leading scientists (including four Nobel laureates) that provide historical context for each article, explain its insights in graceful, accessible prose, and celebrate the serendipity of discovery and the rewards of searching for needles in haystacks. |
| african scientists in history: The Segregated Scholars Francille Rusan Wilson, 2006 The careers Wilson considers include many of the most brilliant of their eras. She sheds new light on the interplay of the professional and political commitments of W.E.B. Du Bois, Abram L. Harris, Robert C. Weaver, Carter G. Woodson, George E. Haynes, Charles H. Wesley, R.R. Wright Jr. - a succession of scholars bent on replacing myths and stereotypes regarding black labor with rigorous research and analysis. |
| african scientists in history: Scientists Who Changed History DK, 2022-04-30 Explore the lives and achievements of more than 85 of the world's most inspirational and influential scientists with this innovative and boldly graphic biography-led book. The second title in DK's new illustrated biography series, Scientists Who Changed History profiles trailblazing individuals from Greek mathematicians, such as Archimedes and Hipparchus, through physicists of the early 20th-century, such as Marie Curie and Albert Einstein, to modern greats such as Stephen Hawking and Tim Berners-Lee. Each featured individual has made a major contribution to one or more scientific fields, from astronomy, biology, and psychology, to computer science and geology. Combining elements of biography, history, and analysis, Scientists Who Changed History explains the groundbreaking contributions made by these revolutionary men and women in a clear and informative way. |
| african scientists in history: Black Scientists and Inventors Ava Henry, Michael Williams, 1999 |
| african scientists in history: The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks Rebecca Skloot, 2010-02-02 #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • “The story of modern medicine and bioethics—and, indeed, race relations—is refracted beautifully, and movingly.”—Entertainment Weekly NOW A MAJOR MOTION PICTURE FROM HBO® STARRING OPRAH WINFREY AND ROSE BYRNE • ONE OF THE “MOST INFLUENTIAL” (CNN), “DEFINING” (LITHUB), AND “BEST” (THE PHILADELPHIA INQUIRER) BOOKS OF THE DECADE • ONE OF ESSENCE’S 50 MOST IMPACTFUL BLACK BOOKS OF THE PAST 50 YEARS • WINNER OF THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE HEARTLAND PRIZE FOR NONFICTION NAMED ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR BY The New York Times Book Review • Entertainment Weekly • O: The Oprah Magazine • NPR • Financial Times • New York • Independent (U.K.) • Times (U.K.) • Publishers Weekly • Library Journal • Kirkus Reviews • Booklist • Globe and Mail Her name was Henrietta Lacks, but scientists know her as HeLa. She was a poor Southern tobacco farmer who worked the same land as her slave ancestors, yet her cells—taken without her knowledge—became one of the most important tools in medicine: The first “immortal” human cells grown in culture, which are still alive today, though she has been dead for more than sixty years. HeLa cells were vital for developing the polio vaccine; uncovered secrets of cancer, viruses, and the atom bomb’s effects; helped lead to important advances like in vitro fertilization, cloning, and gene mapping; and have been bought and sold by the billions. Yet Henrietta Lacks remains virtually unknown, buried in an unmarked grave. Henrietta’s family did not learn of her “immortality” until more than twenty years after her death, when scientists investigating HeLa began using her husband and children in research without informed consent. And though the cells had launched a multimillion-dollar industry that sells human biological materials, her family never saw any of the profits. As Rebecca Skloot so brilliantly shows, the story of the Lacks family—past and present—is inextricably connected to the dark history of experimentation on African Americans, the birth of bioethics, and the legal battles over whether we control the stuff we are made of. Over the decade it took to uncover this story, Rebecca became enmeshed in the lives of the Lacks family—especially Henrietta’s daughter Deborah. Deborah was consumed with questions: Had scientists cloned her mother? Had they killed her to harvest her cells? And if her mother was so important to medicine, why couldn’t her children afford health insurance? Intimate in feeling, astonishing in scope, and impossible to put down, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks captures the beauty and drama of scientific discovery, as well as its human consequences. |
| african scientists in history: What Did Jesus Look Like? Joan E. Taylor, 2018-02-08 Jesus Christ is arguably the most famous man who ever lived. His image adorns countless churches, icons, and paintings. He is the subject of millions of statues, sculptures, devotional objects and works of art. Everyone can conjure an image of Jesus: usually as a handsome, white man with flowing locks and pristine linen robes. But what did Jesus really look like? Is our popular image of Jesus overly westernized and untrue to historical reality? This question continues to fascinate. Leading Christian Origins scholar Joan E. Taylor surveys the historical evidence, and the prevalent image of Jesus in art and culture, to suggest an entirely different vision of this most famous of men. He may even have had short hair. |
| african scientists in history: Young Trailblazers: the Book of Black Inventors and Scientists M. J. Fievre, 2023-03-14 Learn About Amazing Black Trailblazers Who Changed the World A fun new book for children that teaches them about Black trailblazers who have impacted the world through their actions and inventions. From Black Inventors to Black Scientists. Take your child on an adventure and travel through time to meet historical black trailblazers who changed the game. Countdown to liftoff with Katherine Johnson who helped pioneer U.S. crewed space missions. Safely cross the street with Garrett Morgan who invented the traffic signal or even sing your heart out with James West's invention of the microphone. Experience an array of rich Black history. There are Black scientists and Black inventors such as George Washington Carver and Madam C.J. Walker we all know. There are also dozens of Black trailblazers that we don't, all of whom have accomplished remarkable things in literature, entertainment, education, STEM, business, military and government services, politics and law, activism, sports, spirituality, and more. Cuddle up with your child and meet the Young Trailblazers who will: * Introduce your child to Black history * Encourage the importance of dreaming big * Show your child that they can do it tooIf your child enjoyed books about Black History such as Black Heroes, 100 African-Americans Who Shaped American History, or Black Women in Science, they'll love Young Trailblazers: The Book of Black Inventors and Scientists . |
| african scientists in history: SEVEN BLACK AMERICAN SCIENTISTS ROBERT C. HAYDEN, 1970 |
| african scientists in history: The Disordered Cosmos Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, 2021-03-09 From a star theoretical physicist, a journey into the world of particle physics and the cosmos—and a call for a more liberatory practice of science. Winner of the 2021 Los Angeles Times Book Prize in Science & Technology A Finalist for the 2022 PEN/E.O. Wilson Literary Science Writing Award A Smithsonian Magazine Best Science Book of 2021 A Symmetry Magazine Top 10 Physics Book of 2021 An Entropy Magazine Best Nonfiction Book of 2020-2021 A Publishers Weekly Best Nonfiction Book of the Year A Kirkus Reviews Best Nonfiction Book of 2021 A Booklist Top 10 Sci-Tech Book of the Year In The Disordered Cosmos, Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein shares her love for physics, from the Standard Model of Particle Physics and what lies beyond it, to the physics of melanin in skin, to the latest theories of dark matter—along with a perspective informed by history, politics, and the wisdom of Star Trek. One of the leading physicists of her generation, Dr. Chanda Prescod-Weinstein is also one of fewer than one hundred Black American women to earn a PhD from a department of physics. Her vision of the cosmos is vibrant, buoyantly nontraditional, and grounded in Black and queer feminist lineages. Dr. Prescod-Weinstein urges us to recognize how science, like most fields, is rife with racism, misogyny, and other forms of oppression. She lays out a bold new approach to science and society, beginning with the belief that we all have a fundamental right to know and love the night sky. The Disordered Cosmos dreams into existence a world that allows everyone to experience and understand the wonders of the universe. |
| african scientists in history: What Color Is My World? Kareem Abdul Jabbar, 2012-03-13 Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, basketball legend and the NBA's alltime leading scorer, champions a lineup of little-known African-American inventors in this lively, kid-friendly book. Did you know that James West invented the microphone in your cell phone? That Fred Jones invented the refrigerated truck that makes supermarkets possible? Or that Dr. Percy Julian synthesized cortisone from soy, easing untold people’s pain? These are just some of the black inventors and innovators scoring big points in this dynamic look at several unsung heroes who shared a desire to improve people’s lives. Offering profiles with fast facts on flaps and framed by a funny contemporary story featuring two feisty twins, here is a nod to the minds behind the gamma electric cell and the ice-cream scoop, improvements to traffic lights, open-heart surgery, and more — inventors whose ingenuity and perseverance against great odds made our world safer, better, and brighter. Back matter includes an authors’ note and sources. |
| african scientists in history: African American Women Chemists Jeannette Brown, 2012-01-05 Beginning with Dr. Marie Maynard Daly, the first African American woman to receive a PhD in chemistry in the United States--in 1947, from Columbia University--this well researched and fascinating book celebrate the lives and history of African American women chemists. Written by Jeannette Brown, an African American chemist herself, the book profiles the lives of numerous women, ranging from the earliest pioneers up until the late 1960's when the Civil Rights Acts sparked greater career opportunities. Brown examines each woman's motivation to pursue chemistry, describes their struggles to obtain an education and their efforts to succeed in a field in which there were few African American men, much less African American women, and details their often quite significant accomplishments. The book looks at chemists in academia, industry, and government, as well as chemical engineers, whose career path is very different from that of the tradition chemist, and it concludes with a chapter on the future of African American women chemists, which will be of interest to all women interested in a career in science-- |
| african scientists in history: Africa in Global History Toyin Falola, Mohammed Bashir Salau, 2021-12-06 This handbook places emphasis on modern/contemporary times, and offers relevant sophisticated and comprehensive overviews. It aims to emphasize the religious, economic, political, cultural and social connections between Africa and the rest of the world and features comparisons as well as an interdisciplinary approach in order to examine the place of Africa in global history. This book makes an important contribution to the discussion on the place of Africa in the world and of the world in Africa. An outstanding work of scholarship, it powerfully demonstrates that Africa is not marginal to global concerns. Its labor and resources have made our world, and the continent deserves our respect. – Mukhtar Umar Bunza, Professor of Social History, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, and Commissioner for Higher Education, Kebbi State, Nigeria This is a deep plunge into the critical place of Africa in global history. The handbook blends a rich set of important tapestries and analysis of the conceptual framework of African diaspora histories, imperialism and globalization. By foregrounding the authentic voices of African interpreters of transnational interactions and exchanges, the Handbook demonstrates a genuine commitment to the promotion of decolonized and indigenous knowledge on African continent and its peoples. – Samuel Oloruntoba, Visiting Research Professor, Institute of African Studies, Carleton University |
| african scientists in history: Black Inventors Keith Holmes, 2012-05 Black Inventors, Crafting Over 200 Years of Success, highlights the work of Black inventors from over seventy countries. The author, Keith C. Holmes, has spent more than twenty years researching Black inventors from countries that include Australia, Bahamas, Barbados, Canada, Cuba, Ethiopia, France, Germany, Ghana, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, St. Vincent, South Africa, Tanzania, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom and the United States. Without inventions, innovations, financial resources, materials, muscle and labor saving devices, civilizations cannot exist and flourish. This book documents a number of inventions, patents and labor saving devices conceived by Black inventors. Among many other inventions, pre-enslaved Africans, developed agricultural tools, building materials, medicinal herbs, cloth and weapons. Although historical documents emphasize that millions of Black people arrived in Canada, the Caribbean, Central and South America and the United States under slavery's yoke, it is relatively unknown that thousands of Africans and their descendants developed numerous labor-saving devices and inventions that spawned companies which generated money and jobs, worldwide. While most authors focus primarily on American and European inventors, Keith Holmes introduces inventions, both past and present, that Black people, developed and patented globally and multiculturally.Black Inventors, Crafting Over 200 Years of Success, also features early Black inventors from virtually every state in the US. It includes details about the first Black inventor who obtained a patent in both the Caribbean and the United States. To date, seventeen African American men have been inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. Two inventors, Jan E, Matzeliger, (Suriname) and Elijah McCoy, (Colchester, Canada) were not born in this countryThe material available in this book, one of the first to address the diversity of black inventors and their inventions from a global perspective, effectively gives the reader, researcher, librarian, student, and teacher the materials they need to understand that the Black inventor is not only a national phenomenon, but also a global giant. |
| african scientists in history: The 100 Year Starship Mae Jemison, Dana Meachen Rau, 2013 In 1992, Dr. Mae Jemison made history by spending eight days in Earth's orbit, making her the first black woman ever to visit space. Twenty years later, Dr. Jemison is pushing space travel forward again with her 100 Year Starship Foundation. In this new True Book series, readers will join Dr. Jemison as she guides them on a tour of our solar system and explains how astronomers have used technology to discover new stars and planets. Key Features: Engaging text provides insights into space exploration from legendary astronaut Dr. Mae Jemison Timelines illustrate the ways our knowledge of space has changed over time Glossaries explain difficult scientific terms in a way that makes them easy to understand Eye-catching images give readers an up-close look at the far reaches of space Additional content for further learning on this subject available at www.factsfornow.scholastic.com |
| african scientists in history: The Forgotten Scientist Lorato Trok, 2021-04-28 |
| african scientists in history: Forgotten Women: The Leaders Zing Tsjeng, 2018-02-08 **FREE SAMPLER** 'To say this series is empowering doesn't do it justice. Buy a copy for your daughters, sisters, mums, aunts and nieces - just make sure you buy a copy for your sons, brothers, dads, uncles and nephews, too.' - indy100 The women who shaped and were erased from our history. The Forgotten Women series will uncover the lost histories of the influential women who have refused over hundreds of years to accept the hand they've been dealt and, as a result, have formed, shaped and changed the course of our futures. The Leaders weaves together 48* unforgettable portraits of the true pioneers and leaders who made huge yet unacknowledged contributions to history, including: Grace O'Malley, the 16th century Irish pirate queen Sylvia Rivera, who spearheaded the modern transgender rights movement Agent 355, the unknown rebel spy who played a pivotal role in the American Revolution Noor Inayat Khan, who went undercover to spy for the French Resistance and became Nazi enemy no. 1 Amina of Zazzau, the formidable ancient Muslim warrior queen of Northern Nigeria Chapters including Rebels; Warriors; Rulers; Activists and Reformers shine a spotlight on the rebellious women who defied the odds, and the opposition, to change the world around them. This free sampler gives you a window into their inspiring yet hidden stories. *The number of Nobel-prize-winning women. |
| african scientists in history: Agricultural Water Management National Research Council, Policy and Global Affairs, Science and Technology for Sustainability Program, 2007-03-20 This report contains a collection of papers from a workshopâ€Strengthening Science-Based Decision-Making for Sustainable Management of Scarce Water Resources for Agricultural Production, held in Tunisia. Participants, including scientists, decision makers, representatives of non-profit organizations, and a farmer, came from the United States and several countries in North Africa and the Middle East. The papers examined constraints to agricultural production as it relates to water scarcity; focusing on 1) the state of the science regarding water management for agricultural purposes in the Middle East and North Africa 2) how science can be applied to better manage existing water supplies to optimize the domestic production of food and fiber. The cross-cutting themes of the workshop were the elements or principles of science-based decision making, the role of the scientific community in ensuring that science is an integral part of the decision making process, and ways to improve communications between scientists and decision makers. |
| african scientists in history: Even the Rat was White Robert V. Guthrie, 2004 The classic edition of Even the Rat Was White presents a history of prejudice within the field of Social Psychology--now at a more affordable cost! Even the Rat Was White views history from all perspectives in the quest for historical accuracy. Histories and other background materials are presented in detail concerning early African-American psychologists and their scientific contributions, as well as their problems, views, and concerns of the field of social psychology. Archival documents that are not often found in mainstream resources are uncovered through the use of journals and magazines, such as the Journal of Black Psychology, the Journal of Negro Education, and Crisis. The text is divided into three parts. Part I, Psychology and Racial Differences, expands and updates historical materials that helped form racial stereotypes and negative views towards African-Americans. Part II, Psychology and Psychologists, is updated with specifics of what and how psychology was taught in the pre-1970 Black colleges, and brings forward the contributions of Black psychologists. Part III, Conclusion, discusses the implication of the previous chapters and the impact of new historical information on the field of psychology. |
| african scientists in history: Bones and Bodies Alan G Morris, 2022-01-15 Alan G Morris critically examines the history of evolutionary anthropology in South Africa, uncovering the stories and implicit racial biases of physical anthropology scientists and researchers, and how they influenced perceptions of the peoples of southern Africa, both ancient and modern |
| african scientists in history: The Bible is Black History Theron D Williams, 2022-08-03 We live in an age when younger African-American Christians are asking tough questions that previous generations would dare not ask. This generation doesn't hesitate to question the validity of the Scriptures, the efficacy of the church, and even the historicity of Jesus. Young people are becoming increasingly curious about what role, if any, did people of African descent play in biblical history? Or, if the Bible is devoid of Black presence, and is merely a book by Europeans, about Europeans and for Europeans to the exclusion of other races and ethnicities? Dr. Theron D. Williams makes a significant contribution to this conversation by answering the difficult questions this generation fearlessly poses. Dr. Williams uses facts from the Bible, well-respected historians, scientists, and DNA evidence to prove that Black people comprised the biblical Israelite community. He also shares historical images from the ancient catacombs that vividly depict the true likeness of the biblical Israelites. This book does not change the biblical text, but it will change how you understand it.This Second Edition provides updated information and further elucidation of key concepts. Also, at the encouragement of readership, this edition expands some of the ideas and addresses concerns my readership felt pertinent to this topic. |
| african scientists in history: The Biographical Dictionary of Scientists David Abbott, 1986 Contains a chronological introduction, alphabetical arrangement of entries, glossary, diagrams, and index. |
Africa - Wikipedia
African nations cooperate through the establishment of the African Union, which is headquartered in Addis Ababa. Africa is highly biodiverse; [17] it is the continent with the largest number of …
Africa | History, People, Countries, Regions, Map, & Facts | Britannica
5 days ago · African regions are treated under the titles Central Africa, eastern Africa, North Africa, Southern Africa, and western Africa; these articles also contain the principal treatment …
Map of Africa | List of African Countries Alphabetically - World Maps
Africa is the second largest and most populous continent in the world after Asia. The area of Africa without islands is 11.3 million square miles (29.2 million sq km), with islands - about …
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African independence movements had their first success in 1951, when Libya became the first former colony to become independent. Modern African history is full of revolutions and wars , …
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African History Africa is a large and diverse continent that extends from South Africa northward to the Mediterranean Sea. The continent makes up one-fifth of the total land surface of Earth.
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Africa, the planet's 2nd largest continent and the second most-populous continent (after Asia) includes (54) individual countries, and Western Sahara, a member state of the African Union …
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Jun 4, 2025 · Cultural Geography Historic Cultures The African continent has a unique place in human history. Widely believed to be the “cradle of humankind,” Africa is the only continent …
African-American Inventors I - National Geographic Society
The following three men are notable African American inventors of the 18th century. All three men were born free; ... have been many more African Americans, slave and free, who came up with …
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African-American History & Culture. Fact on File, Inc., 1991. 30 May 2003. www.factsonfile.com. “Lewis Howard Latimer.” What You Need To Know About ... • African American …
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Books and internet references Black Scientists and Inventors in the UK Williams and Amalemba. Blacks in Science Ancient and Modern; edited by Ivan Van Sertima. The Search for Africa; Basil …
Female scientists in Africa are changing the face of their
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African Studies, Forging Common Grounds: Languages, Scripts and Translation Ousseina Alidou Rutgers University – New Brunswick Email: oalidou@rutgers.edu (Received 24 October 2023; …
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that scientists, like other men-though perhaps not in the same degree-are not free from purely emotional influences. It is diffi-cult to walk a tight rope against a wind. A man's feelings, based …
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cause he was African American, he was viewed as a controversial figure. This made his peers less likely to embrace (and cite) his work. As historian Ken neth Manning notes in his biography Black …
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African Economic History v.33 (2005): 87-H6. 88 COLLEEN KRIGER to the social and economic history of precolonial Africa and also to our understanding of West African consumer markets …
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U.S. History. Page 7. 4 . This excerpt is from a presidential address made in 2011. Throughout our history, our government has provided cutting-edge scientists and inventors with the support that …
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Jessica B. Harris, Albert Lukas, Jerome Grant, 2018-10-23 A celebration of African American cooking with 109 recipes from the National Museum of African American History and Culture's …
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Also known as African American History Month, the event grew out of “Negro History Week,” the brainchild of noted historian Carter G. Woodson and other prominent ... List five Black woman …
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HistoryMakers® Video Oral History with Rodney Adkins person Adkins, rodney, 1958-Alternative Names: rodney Adkins; Life Dates: August 23, 1958- ... Adkins became the first African American …
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intellectualism to which African researchers and intellectuals should turn. it needs to be documented and shared with the youth for sustainability (McNeely, 1999). African intellectuals …
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species' history Remains from Morocco dated to 315,000 years ago push back our species' origins by 100,000 ... scientists say. “Until now, the common wisdom was that our species emerged …
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hierarchy and enhance governmental surveillance. Genomic scientists will protect our lives and our planet -- or scientists are tampering dangerously with nature. As of 2013, the production and use …
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ural history museums (Das & Lowe, 2018). The absence of African American scientists in the Academy’s archival ma-terials is also a reection of the eld of evolutionary bi-ology; the rst PhD in …
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History and How It Got That Way Colin Davey, 2019-05-14 Tells the story of the building of the ... New York power brokers, museum presidents, planetarium directors, polar and African explorers, …
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African and African American studies, she is also affiliated with the Clayman Institute for Gender Research and with the Wu Tsai Neuroscience Institute. Her research in interdisciplinary …
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racial terms have been used throughout their history, the standard preferential term changed from "Colored" in the nineteenth and early twentieth century to "Negro" from then until the late 1960s, …
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While there is no biblical evidence that Noah was the father of African people, the story was misconstrued by various Jewish, Christian, and Islamic writers to believe that he was. ...
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Scientists include 2,500 African Americans in a study that shows sickle cell trait and sickle cell disease are separate conditions. 1934 Research suggests that painful sickle cell “crises” result …
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onymous with anti-statism, the truth is that the African experience of civil society is largely focused on the people's struggle against despotic rulers, repres- ... however, that some Western social …
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